JP4626078B2 - Rolling bearing unit with sensor - Google Patents

Rolling bearing unit with sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4626078B2
JP4626078B2 JP2001095699A JP2001095699A JP4626078B2 JP 4626078 B2 JP4626078 B2 JP 4626078B2 JP 2001095699 A JP2001095699 A JP 2001095699A JP 2001095699 A JP2001095699 A JP 2001095699A JP 4626078 B2 JP4626078 B2 JP 4626078B2
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temperature sensor
ring
seal case
rolling bearing
sensor
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JP2002295496A (en
JP2002295496A5 (en
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利夫 高橋
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NSK Ltd
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NSK Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/52—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
    • F16C19/525—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions related to temperature and heat, e.g. insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/38—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers
    • F16C19/383—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
    • F16C19/385—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings
    • F16C19/386—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings in O-arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/10—Railway vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明に係るセンサ付転がり軸受ユニットは、鉄道車両の車輪の回転軸或は圧延機等の各種産業機械装置の回転軸を、車体或は支持台等の固定の部分に回転自在に支持すると共に、この転がり軸受ユニットの異常を早期に検知する為に利用する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
例えば鉄道車両の車輪をこの鉄道車両に固定した軸受箱に対し回転自在に支持する為に、転がり軸受ユニットを使用する。又、この転がり軸受ユニット部分で発生した異常を早期に検知する為には、この転がり軸受ユニットの温度を検出する必要がある。この為、上記転がり軸受ユニットに温度センサを組み込んだ、センサ付転がり軸受ユニットにより、上記車輪を上記軸受箱に対し回転自在に支持すると共に、この転がり軸受ユニットの温度を検出する事が行なわれている。
【０００３】
図２は、この様な鉄道車両用のセンサ付転がり軸受ユニットの従来構造の１例を示している。図示しない車輪を支持固定した状態で使用時に回転する回転軸である車軸１は、使用時にも回転しない軸受箱２の内径側に、転がり軸受ユニットである複列円すいころ軸受３により、回転自在に支持している。この複列円すいころ軸受３は、互いに同心に配置した外輪４及び１対の内輪５ａ、５ｂと、複数個の円すいころ６、６とを備える。このうちの外輪４は、全体を円筒状に造っており、内周面に複列の外輪軌道７、７を有する。これら各外輪軌道７、７は、それぞれが円すい面状で、上記外輪４の軸方向端部に向かう程内径が大きくなる方向に傾斜している。
【０００４】
又、上記１対の内輪５ａ、５ｂは、それぞれ略短円筒状に造っており、それぞれの外周面に、円すい面状の内輪軌道８、８を形成している。これら各内輪５ａ、５ｂは、互いの小径側の端面同士を対向させた状態で、上記外輪４の内径側に、この外輪４と同心に配置している。更に、上記各円すいころ６、６は、上記各外輪軌道７、７と上記各内輪軌道８、８との間に、それぞれ複数個ずつ、保持器９、９により保持した状態で転動自在に設けている。
【０００５】
上述の様な複列円すいころ軸受３のうち、上記外輪４は、上記軸受箱２に内嵌保持されている。一方、上記各内輪５ａ、５ｂは、これら両内輪５ａ、５ｂ同士の間に間座１０を挟持した状態で、上記車軸１の外端（図２の左端）寄り部分に外嵌している。又、上記車軸１の端部で軸方向外側（図２の左側）の内輪５ａよりも突出した部分には、油切りと称される環状部材１１ａを外嵌している。又、内側（図２の右側）の内輪５ｂの内端面は、別の環状部材１１ｂを介して、上記車軸１の中間部に形成した段差面１２に突き当てている。従って、上記１対の内輪５ａ、５ｂが図２の状態よりも上記車軸１の中央寄り（図２の右寄り）に変位する事はない。そして、上記車軸１の外端部に外嵌し、更に複数本のボルト１３、１３によりこの車軸１に対し結合固定した、丸鉢状のエンドプレート１４の内端縁（図２の右端縁）により、上記環状部材１１ａを上記外側の内輪５ａの外端面に向け抑え付けている。
【０００６】
一方、上記外輪４の両端部には、それぞれ軟鋼板等の金属板を断面クランク形で全体を略円筒状に形成して成るシールケース１５ａ、１５ｂを内嵌固定している。そして、これら両シールケース１５ａ、１５ｂの内周面と上記各環状部材１１ａ、１１ｂの外周面との間に、それぞれシールリング１６ａ、１６ｂを設ける事により、前記複数個の円すいころ６、６を設置した内部空間１７の両端開口部を塞いでいる。この構成により、この内部空間１７の内外を遮断して、この内部空間１７内に封入した潤滑用のグリースが外部に漏洩するのを防止すると共に、外部から上記内部空間１７内に雨水や塵芥等の異物が進入するのを防止している。
【０００７】
又、前記軸受箱２の外端開口は、この軸受箱２の外端部に固定したカバー１８により塞いでいる。このカバー１８は、合成樹脂若しくは金属材料により全体を略有底円筒状に形成しており、円筒部１９と、この円筒部１９の外端（図２の左端）開口を塞ぐ底板部２０と、この円筒部１９の内端（図２の右端）寄り部分の外周面に設けた外向フランジ状の取付部２１とを備える。この様なカバー１８は、上記円筒部１９の内端部を上記軸受箱２の外端部に内嵌すると共に、上記取付部２１をこの軸受箱２の外端面に突き当てた状態で、この取付部２１を上記軸受箱２の外端面に図示しないボルトで固定する事により、上記軸受箱２の外端開口部を塞ぐ。
【０００８】
又、上記軸受箱２の中間部で前記外輪４の周囲に位置する部分に、センサ取付孔２２を形成している。そして、このセンサ取付孔２２内で上記外輪４の外周面に、熱電対等の温度センサ２３を装着し、この外輪４を含む前記複列転がり軸受ユニット３の温度を検出自在としている。上記温度センサ２３の検出信号を取り出す為のハーネス２４は、上記センサ取付孔２２を通じて上記軸受箱２外に取り出し、図示しない制御器に送っている。
【０００９】
上述の様に構成するセンサ付転がり軸受ユニットの場合、鉄道車両の台車に支持した上記軸受箱２の内径側に前記車軸１を、回転自在に支持できる。又、上記複列円すいころ軸受３の回転抵抗が、前記各円すいころ６、６の過度のスキュー等、何らかの原因で異常に上昇し、上記複列円すいころ３の温度が上昇すると、上記温度センサ２３が、この温度を検知する。この様にしてこの温度センサ２３が検知した温度信号は、上記図示しない制御器に送り、この制御器が、運転席に設置した警告灯を点灯させる等の警報を発する。この様な警報が出された場合に、運転手が緊急停止等の措置を講ずる。
【００１０】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述の様に構成し作用する従来構造の場合、温度センサ２３を装着する為に、軸受箱２にセンサ取付孔２２を加工する必要がある。この軸受箱２は、鋼等の強度の高い材料により造られている為、この軸受箱２にセンサ取付孔２２を形成する作業は面倒で、センサ付転がり軸受ユニットの製造コストを高くする原因となる。又、外輪４の外周面に温度センサ２３を装着する作業は、この外輪４を上記軸受箱２に内嵌した後に行なわなければならない。この為、小径のセンサ取付孔２２内に上記温度センサ２３を挿入し、しかも外輪４の温度を検出自在とすべく、これら温度センサ２３と外輪４とを接触させ、更にこの温度センサ２３が上記センサ取付孔２２から脱落するのを防止すると言った、面倒な作業が必要になる。これらにより、従来のセンサ付転がり軸受ユニットは、コストが嵩む事が避けられなかった。
本発明のセンサ付転がり軸受ユニットは、この様な事情に鑑みて発明したものである。
【００１１】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明のセンサ付転がり軸受ユニットは、前述した従来から知られているセンサ付転がり軸受ユニットと同様に、外輪と、内輪と、複数個の転動体と、シールケースと、シールリングと、温度センサとを備える。
このうちの外輪と内輪とは、互いに相対回転自在であり、一方が回転輪であると共に他方が固定輪である。
又、上記各転動体は、上記外輪の内周面に形成された外輪軌道と、上記内輪の外周面に形成された内輪軌道との間に転動自在に設けられている。
又、上記シールケースは、ほぼ円筒状で、上記固定輪の端部にその基端部を結合固定されている。
又、上記シールリングは、上記シールケースの周面と上記回転輪と共に回転する部分との間に設けられている。
更に、上記温度センサは、上記各転動体を含む転がり軸受ユニットの温度を検出するものである。
【００１２】
特に、本発明のセンサ付転がり軸受ユニットに於いては、上記シールケースは、鋼板、アルミニウム合金板、銅合金板等の伝熱性の良好な金属製で、基端部を上記固定輪の端部に締り嵌めで嵌合する事によりこの固定輪に結合固定されている。
又、上記温度センサは、上記シールケースの外面に検知部を当接若しくは近接対向させた状態で、このシールケースに結合固定されていて、このシールケースの温度をこのシールケースの外面側から測定する事により、上記固定輪を含む転がり軸受ユニットの温度を測定可能としている。この為に例えば、上記シールケースの先端部を径方向に折り曲げて円輪部を形成し、この円輪部の外側面に、上記温度センサを結合固定する。
【００１３】
【作用】
上述の様に構成する本発明のセンサ付転がり軸受ユニットによれば、面倒な加工や組立作業を要する事なく、低コストで造れるにも拘らず、転がり軸受ユニット部分の温度を効果的に測定できる。
即ち、温度センサをシールケースを構成する円輪部の外側面等、このシールケースの外面に結合固定する為には、特に面倒な加工を必要とせず、しかも結合固定作業を広い空間で行なえる為、部品の加工コスト並びに組立コストを低減できる。
又、固定輪に対し締り嵌めで嵌合固定した、上記シールケースの温度は、この固定輪の温度上昇に伴って上昇し、このシールケースの温度が固定輪の温度とほぼ同じとなる。この為、このシールケースの外面にその検知部を当接若しくは近接対向させた上記温度センサによって、上記固定輪を含む転がり軸受ユニットの温度を効果的に測定できる。
又、上記温度センサは、上記シールケースの外側に設置されていて、上記転がり軸受ユニットの内部空間内に封入したグリース等の潤滑剤に触れる事はない。この為、上記温度センサがこの潤滑剤を汚染する事はなく、この潤滑剤の耐久性は十分に保たれる。又、上記温度センサは、上記シールケースの外側に設置する為、このシールケースに、この温度センサやハーネスを挿通する為の通孔を形成する必要はない。従って、このシールケースに設けた通孔を通じて上記転がり軸受ユニットの内部空間からのグリースの漏洩やこの内部空間内への異物侵入が生じる事もない。
【００１４】
【発明の実施の形態】
図１は、本発明の実施の形態の１例を示している。尚、本例の特徴は、転がり軸受ユニットである複列円すいころ軸受３の温度を検出する為の温度センサ２３ａの取付構造、及び、この温度センサ２３ａの検出信号を取り出す為のハーネス２４ａの配線構造にある。その他の部分の構造及び作用は、前述した従来構造の場合と同様であるから、同等部分には同一符号を付して重複する説明を省略若しくは簡略にし、以下、本発明の特徴部分を中心に説明する。
【００１５】
固定輪である外輪４の外端部（図１の左端部）に結合固定したシールケース１５ａは、鋼板、アルミニウム合金板、銅合金板等の伝熱性の良好な金属板を曲げ形成する事により、断面クランク型で全体を略円筒状に形成している。この様なシールケース１５ａは、基端部（図１の右端部）を上記外輪４の外端部に、締り嵌めで内嵌する事により、この外輪４に結合固定されている。従って、この外輪４の外端部内周面と上記シールケース１５ａの基端部外周面とは、全周に亙って金属同士が直接、且つ十分な当接圧で接触する。この為、上記外輪４と上記シールケース１５ａとの間の熱伝達は効率良く行なわれ、これら外輪４とシールケース１５ａとの温度はほぼ同じとなる。
【００１６】
この様にして上記外輪４の外端部に結合固定されたシールケース１５ａの先端部（外端部、図１の左端部）は径方向内方に折り曲げる事により、円輪部２５としている。そして、この円輪部２５の外側面（図１の左側面）に、前記温度センサ２３ａを結合固定している。この円輪部２５に対してこの温度センサ２３ａを結合固定するには、接着、ねじ止め、接着とねじ止めとの併用等を採用できる。何れにしても、上記温度センサ２３ａを上記円輪部２５に対し結合固定した状態では、この温度センサ２３ａの検知部を、上記円輪部２５の外側面に当接若しくは近接対向させる。更に、必要に応じて、この温度センサ２３ａの外表面を接着剤により覆う。この様に温度センサを接着剤により覆えば、仮にカバー１８内に雨水等の異物が侵入した場合でも、この異物によって上記温度センサ２３ａの性能が劣化する事を防止できて、この温度センサ２３ａの信頼性及び耐久性の向上を図れる。
【００１７】
又、図示の例では、軸受箱２の端部開口を塞ぐカバー１８を構成する円筒部１９の一部に中継コネクタ２６を、この円筒部１９を貫通する状態で設けている。そして、上記温度センサ２３ａの信号を取り出す為のハーネス２４ａの端部を、上記中継コネクタ２６の内端部に接続している。これと共に、上記温度センサ２３ａの信号を図示しない制御器に送る為のコード２７の端部を、上記中継コネクタ２６の外端部に接続自在としている。尚、上記ハーネス２４ａ及びコード２７と上記中継コネクタ２６の端部との接続作業を容易に行なえる様にすべく、これらハーネス２４ａ及びコード２７の端部にプラグを装着し、これら各プラグと上記中継コネクタ２６の端部とを、電気的且つ機械的に着脱自在とする事もできる。但し、上記ハーネス２４ａの端部と上記中継コネクタ２６の内端部との接続は、プラグを省略して、このハーネス２４ａの導体の端部を上記中継コネクタ２６の導体に直接接続しても良い。
【００１８】
上述の様に構成する本発明のセンサ付転がり軸受ユニットによれば、面倒な加工や組立作業を要する事なく、低コストで造れるにも拘らず、転がり軸受ユニット部分の温度を効果的に測定できる。
即ち、上記温度センサ２３ａを前記シールケース１５ａの円輪部２５に結合固定する作業を、接着、ねじ止め等、特に面倒な加工を必要としない方法により、しかも結合固定作業を広い空間で行なえる。即ち、上記円輪部２５に上記温度センサ２３ａを結合固定する作業は、上記シールケース１５ａの基端部を前記外輪４の端部に内嵌固定する以前に行なえる為、上記結合作業は容易である。この為、部品の加工コスト並びに組立コストを低減できる。
【００１９】
又、前述した様に、前記外輪４に対し締り嵌めで嵌合固定した、上記シールケース１５ａの温度は、この外輪４の温度とほぼ等しくなるので、このシールケース１５ａの円輪部２５にその検知部を当接させた上記温度センサ２３ａによって、上記外輪４を含む複列円すいころ軸受３の温度を効果的に測定できる。この為、この複列円すいころ軸受３に焼き付き等の異常が発生した場合に、これを確実に且つ素早く検知できて、この複列円すいころ軸受３を含む回転支持部に、更に重大な損傷が発生する事を防止できる。尚、上記温度センサ２３ａを上記複列円すいころ軸受３の負荷圏（図示の例では上部）の近傍に取り付ければ、この複列円すいころ軸受３の発熱に伴う温度上昇を、より効率良く検知できるので好ましい。
【００２０】
又、上記温度センサ２３ａは、上記シールケース１５ａの円輪部２５の外側に設置しているので、この温度センサ２３ａが上記複列円すいころ軸受３の内部空間１７内に封入したグリース等の潤滑剤に触れる事はない。この為、上記温度センサ２３ａがこの潤滑剤を汚染する事はなく、この潤滑剤の耐久性は十分に保たれる。又、上記温度センサ２３ａは上記円輪部２５の外側面に設置する為、この円輪部２５にこの温度センサ２３ａやハーネス２４ａを挿通する為の通孔を形成する必要はない。従って、上記円輪部２５に設けた通孔を通じて上記内部空間１７からのグリースの漏洩やこの内部空間１７内への異物侵入が生じる事もない。
【００２１】
更に、上記シールケース１５ａの外側面に、上記温度センサ２３ａに加えて振動を検知する為の振動センサを一体に組み付ける事も可能である。そして、振動センサにより上記シールケース１５ａを介して、上記外輪４を含む前記複列円すいころ軸受ユニット３の振動を検出すれば、転がり疲れ寿命に基づく、外輪軌道７や内輪軌道８、或は各円すいころ６、６の転動面の剥離を検出して、警報を発する事ができる。
【００２２】
尚、上記複列円すいころ軸受３等の転がり軸受ユニットの異常検出は、上記温度センサ２３ａと振動センサとのうちの少なくとも一方を設ける事により実施できるが、少なくとも温度センサ２３ａを設け、更に振動センサを設けると、異常検出の信頼性をより向上させる事ができる為、好ましい。
【００２３】
又、本発明の実施の対象となる転がり軸受ユニットは、図示の様な複列円すいころ軸受に限らず、円筒ころ軸受や自動調心ころ軸受等の他のころ軸受、或は深溝型、アンギュラ型等の各種玉軸受でも良い。
又、シールケースの外面で温度センサを組み付ける部分は、図示の様な円輪部の外側面に限らず、円筒状部分の外周面でも良い。
更には、外輪を保持する為の軸受箱の形状は、この外輪の上半部等、ラジアル荷重の負荷側のみを抑える、半割れ型のものでも良い。
【００２４】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、以上に述べた様に構成され作用するので、転がり軸受ユニットの温度を正確に測定して、この転がり軸受ユニットの異常検出を高い信頼性で行なえるセンサ付転がり軸受ユニットを、低コストで実現できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の実施の形態の１例を示す断面図。
【図２】従来構造の１例を示す断面図。
【符号の説明】
１ 車軸
２ 軸受箱
３ 複列円すいころ軸受
４ 外輪
５ａ、５ｂ 内輪
６ 円すいころ
７ 外輪軌道
８ 内輪軌道
９ 保持器
１０ 間座
１１ａ、１１ｂ 環状部材
１２ 段差面
１３ ボルト
１４ エンドプレート
１５ａ、１５ｂ シールケース
１６ａ、１６ｂ シールリング
１７ 内部空間
１８ カバー
１９ 円筒部
２０ 底板部
２１ 取付部
２２ センサ取付孔
２３、２３ａ 温度センサ
２４、２４ａ ハーネス
２５ 円輪部
２６ 中継コネクタ
２７ コード[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A rolling bearing unit with a sensor according to the present invention rotatably supports a rotating shaft of a wheel of a railway vehicle or a rotating shaft of various industrial machines such as a rolling mill on a fixed part such as a vehicle body or a support base. This is used to detect abnormalities of this rolling bearing unit at an early stage.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, a rolling bearing unit is used to rotatably support a wheel of a railway vehicle with respect to a bearing box fixed to the railway vehicle. Further, in order to detect an abnormality occurring in the rolling bearing unit portion at an early stage, it is necessary to detect the temperature of the rolling bearing unit. For this reason, a temperature sensor is incorporated in the rolling bearing unit, and the wheel is rotatably supported with respect to the bearing housing by the sensor-equipped rolling bearing unit, and the temperature of the rolling bearing unit is detected. Yes.
[0003]
FIG. 2 shows an example of a conventional structure of such a rolling bearing unit with a sensor for a railway vehicle. An axle 1 that is a rotating shaft that rotates during use with a wheel (not shown) supported and fixed can be rotated by a double-row tapered roller bearing 3 that is a rolling bearing unit on the inner diameter side of a bearing box 2 that does not rotate during use. I support it. This double-row tapered roller bearing 3 includes an outer ring 4 and a pair of inner rings 5a and 5b arranged concentrically with each other, and a plurality of tapered rollers 6 and 6. Of these, the outer ring 4 is formed in a cylindrical shape as a whole, and has double-row outer ring raceways 7 and 7 on the inner peripheral surface. Each of the outer ring raceways 7 and 7 has a conical shape, and is inclined in a direction in which the inner diameter increases toward the axial end of the outer ring 4.
[0004]
The pair of inner rings 5a and 5b are each formed in a substantially short cylindrical shape, and conical inner ring raceways 8 and 8 are formed on the respective outer peripheral surfaces. These inner rings 5a and 5b are arranged concentrically with the outer ring 4 on the inner diameter side of the outer ring 4 in a state in which the end surfaces on the small diameter side face each other. Further, a plurality of each of the tapered rollers 6 and 6 can roll between the outer ring raceways 7 and 7 and the inner ring raceways 8 and 8 while being held by the cages 9 and 9, respectively. Provided.
[0005]
Of the double row tapered roller bearing 3 as described above, the outer ring 4 is fitted and held in the bearing box 2. On the other hand, the inner rings 5a and 5b are fitted on the outer end (left end in FIG. 2) of the axle 1 with the spacer 10 sandwiched between the inner rings 5a and 5b. An annular member 11a called oil drainer is fitted on the end of the axle 1 which protrudes from the inner ring 5a on the axially outer side (left side in FIG. 2). Further, the inner end surface of the inner ring 5b on the inner side (right side in FIG. 2) abuts against a step surface 12 formed at the intermediate portion of the axle 1 via another annular member 11b. Therefore, the pair of inner rings 5a and 5b are not displaced closer to the center of the axle 1 (rightward in FIG. 2) than in the state of FIG. Then, the inner end edge of the round bowl-shaped end plate 14 (the right end edge in FIG. 2) that is externally fitted to the outer end portion of the axle 1 and is coupled and fixed to the axle 1 by a plurality of bolts 13 and 13. Thus, the annular member 11a is pressed against the outer end surface of the outer inner ring 5a.
[0006]
On the other hand, seal cases 15a and 15b each formed by forming a metal plate such as a mild steel plate into a substantially cylindrical shape with a cross-sectional crank shape are fixedly fitted to both ends of the outer ring 4. Then, by providing seal rings 16a and 16b between the inner peripheral surfaces of the seal cases 15a and 15b and the outer peripheral surfaces of the annular members 11a and 11b, the plurality of tapered rollers 6 and 6 are provided. The openings at both ends of the installed internal space 17 are closed. With this configuration, the inside and outside of the internal space 17 is shut off to prevent the lubricating grease sealed in the internal space 17 from leaking to the outside, and rainwater, dust, etc. can enter the internal space 17 from the outside. To prevent foreign objects from entering.
[0007]
Further, the outer end opening of the bearing housing 2 is closed by a cover 18 fixed to the outer end portion of the bearing housing 2. The cover 18 is formed of a synthetic resin or a metal material in a substantially bottomed cylindrical shape, and includes a cylindrical portion 19 and a bottom plate portion 20 that closes an outer end (left end in FIG. 2) opening of the cylindrical portion 19. An outward flange-shaped mounting portion 21 provided on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 19 closer to the inner end (right end in FIG. 2) is provided. Such a cover 18 has the inner end portion of the cylindrical portion 19 fitted into the outer end portion of the bearing housing 2 and the mounting portion 21 is abutted against the outer end surface of the bearing housing 2. By fixing the mounting portion 21 to the outer end surface of the bearing housing 2 with a bolt (not shown), the outer end opening of the bearing housing 2 is closed.
[0008]
Further, a sensor mounting hole 22 is formed in a portion located around the outer ring 4 in the intermediate portion of the bearing housing 2. A temperature sensor 23 such as a thermocouple is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the outer ring 4 in the sensor mounting hole 22 so that the temperature of the double row rolling bearing unit 3 including the outer ring 4 can be detected. A harness 24 for taking out a detection signal of the temperature sensor 23 is taken out of the bearing housing 2 through the sensor mounting hole 22 and sent to a controller (not shown).
[0009]
In the case of the sensor-equipped rolling bearing unit configured as described above, the axle 1 can be rotatably supported on the inner diameter side of the bearing box 2 supported by the bogie of the railway vehicle. Further, when the rotational resistance of the double row tapered roller bearing 3 abnormally increases for some reason, such as excessive skew of the tapered rollers 6 and 6, and the temperature of the double row tapered roller 3 rises, the temperature sensor 23 senses this temperature. The temperature signal detected by the temperature sensor 23 is sent to the controller (not shown), and this controller issues an alarm such as turning on a warning lamp installed in the driver's seat. When such a warning is issued, the driver takes measures such as an emergency stop.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the case of the conventional structure configured and operated as described above, it is necessary to process the sensor mounting hole 22 in the bearing housing 2 in order to mount the temperature sensor 23. Since this bearing box 2 is made of a high-strength material such as steel, the work of forming the sensor mounting hole 22 in the bearing box 2 is cumbersome, which causes the manufacturing cost of the rolling bearing unit with sensor to be increased. Become. Further, the operation of mounting the temperature sensor 23 on the outer peripheral surface of the outer ring 4 must be performed after the outer ring 4 is fitted into the bearing box 2. Therefore, the temperature sensor 23 is inserted into the small-diameter sensor mounting hole 22, and the temperature sensor 23 and the outer ring 4 are brought into contact with each other so that the temperature of the outer ring 4 can be detected. The troublesome work of preventing the sensor mounting hole 22 from falling off is required. For these reasons, it has been unavoidable that the conventional rolling bearing unit with sensor is expensive.
The rolling bearing unit with sensor of the present invention has been invented in view of such circumstances.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The sensor-equipped rolling bearing unit of the present invention includes an outer ring, an inner ring, a plurality of rolling elements, a seal case, a seal ring, and a temperature sensor in the same manner as the conventionally known sensor-equipped rolling bearing unit. With.
Of these, the outer ring and the inner ring are rotatable relative to each other, one being a rotating wheel and the other being a fixed ring.
Each of the rolling elements is rotatably provided between an outer ring raceway formed on the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring and an inner ring raceway formed on the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring.
The seal case has a substantially cylindrical shape, and a base end portion is coupled and fixed to an end portion of the fixed ring.
The seal ring is provided between a peripheral surface of the seal case and a portion that rotates together with the rotary wheel.
Further, the temperature sensor detects the temperature of the rolling bearing unit including the rolling elements.
[0012]
In particular, in the rolling bearing unit with sensor according to the present invention, the seal case is made of a metal having good heat conductivity such as a steel plate, an aluminum alloy plate, a copper alloy plate, and the base end portion is an end portion of the fixed ring. It is fixedly coupled to the fixed ring by fitting with an interference fit.
Further, the temperature sensor is coupled and fixed to the seal case in a state where the detection part is in contact with or close to the outer surface of the seal case, and the temperature of the seal case is measured from the outer surface side of the seal case. By doing so, the temperature of the rolling bearing unit including the fixed ring can be measured . For this purpose, for example, the tip of the seal case is bent in the radial direction to form an annular portion, and the temperature sensor is coupled and fixed to the outer surface of the annular portion.
[0013]
[Action]
According to the rolling bearing unit with a sensor of the present invention configured as described above, the temperature of the rolling bearing unit can be effectively measured even though it can be manufactured at low cost without requiring troublesome processing and assembly work. .
That is, in order to couple and fix the temperature sensor to the outer surface of the seal case, such as the outer surface of the annular portion constituting the seal case, no particularly troublesome processing is required, and the coupling and fixing operation can be performed in a wide space. Therefore, the processing cost and assembly cost of parts can be reduced.
The temperature of the seal case, which is fitted and fixed to the fixed ring by an interference fit, rises as the temperature of the fixed ring increases, and the temperature of the seal case becomes substantially the same as the temperature of the fixed ring. For this reason, the temperature of the rolling bearing unit including the fixed ring can be effectively measured by the temperature sensor in which the detection portion is brought into contact with or in close proximity to the outer surface of the seal case.
The temperature sensor is installed outside the seal case and does not come into contact with a lubricant such as grease sealed in the internal space of the rolling bearing unit. For this reason, the temperature sensor does not contaminate the lubricant, and the durability of the lubricant is sufficiently maintained. Further, since the temperature sensor is installed outside the seal case, it is not necessary to form a through hole for inserting the temperature sensor or the harness in the seal case. Therefore, leakage of grease from the internal space of the rolling bearing unit and entry of foreign matter into the internal space do not occur through the through hole provided in the seal case.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows an example of an embodiment of the present invention. The feature of this example is the mounting structure of the temperature sensor 23a for detecting the temperature of the double row tapered roller bearing 3 which is a rolling bearing unit, and the wiring of the harness 24a for taking out the detection signal of the temperature sensor 23a. In the structure. Since the structure and operation of the other parts are the same as in the case of the conventional structure described above, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted or simplified. Hereinafter, the characteristic parts of the present invention will be mainly described. explain.
[0015]
The seal case 15a coupled and fixed to the outer end portion (the left end portion in FIG. 1) of the outer ring 4 which is a fixed ring is formed by bending a metal plate having good heat conductivity such as a steel plate, an aluminum alloy plate, or a copper alloy plate. The whole is a crank type in cross section and is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape. Such a seal case 15a is coupled and fixed to the outer ring 4 by fitting the base end portion (the right end portion in FIG. 1) to the outer end portion of the outer ring 4 with an interference fit. Accordingly, the outer peripheral surface of the outer ring 4 and the outer peripheral surface of the base end of the seal case 15a are in direct contact with each other with sufficient contact pressure over the entire periphery. Therefore, heat transfer between the outer ring 4 and the seal case 15a is performed efficiently, and the temperatures of the outer ring 4 and the seal case 15a are substantially the same.
[0016]
In this way, the tip end portion (outer end portion, left end portion in FIG. 1) of the seal case 15a coupled and fixed to the outer end portion of the outer ring 4 is bent inward in the radial direction to form an annular portion 25. The temperature sensor 23a is coupled and fixed to the outer side surface (left side surface in FIG. 1) of the circular ring portion 25. In order to couple and fix the temperature sensor 23a to the circular ring portion 25, adhesion, screwing, combined use of adhesion and screwing, or the like can be employed. In any case, in a state where the temperature sensor 23a is coupled and fixed to the annular portion 25, the detection portion of the temperature sensor 23a is brought into contact with or in close proximity to the outer surface of the annular portion 25. Furthermore, the outer surface of the temperature sensor 23a is covered with an adhesive as necessary. If the temperature sensor is covered with an adhesive in this way, even if a foreign matter such as rainwater enters the cover 18, the performance of the temperature sensor 23a can be prevented from being deteriorated by the foreign matter. Reliability and durability can be improved.
[0017]
In the illustrated example, a relay connector 26 is provided in a part of the cylindrical portion 19 constituting the cover 18 that closes the end opening of the bearing housing 2 so as to penetrate the cylindrical portion 19. The end of the harness 24a for taking out the signal from the temperature sensor 23a is connected to the inner end of the relay connector 26. At the same time, the end of the cord 27 for sending a signal from the temperature sensor 23a to a controller (not shown) is connectable to the outer end of the relay connector 26. Incidentally, in order to to easily like the connection work between the end of the harness 24a and the code 27 and the relay connector 26, the plug is attached to the ends of the harnesses 24a and cord 27, each of these plugs and the The end of the relay connector 26 can be detachable electrically and mechanically. However, the connection between the end of the harness 24a and the inner end of the relay connector 26 may be performed by omitting the plug and connecting the end of the conductor of the harness 24a directly to the conductor of the relay connector 26. .
[0018]
According to the rolling bearing unit with a sensor of the present invention configured as described above, the temperature of the rolling bearing unit can be effectively measured even though it can be manufactured at low cost without requiring troublesome processing and assembly work. .
That is, the operation for connecting and fixing the temperature sensor 23a to the annular portion 25 of the seal case 15a can be performed in a wide space by a method that does not require particularly troublesome processing such as adhesion and screwing. . That is, the operation of connecting and fixing the temperature sensor 23a to the circular ring portion 25 can be performed before the base end portion of the seal case 15a is fitted and fixed to the end portion of the outer ring 4, so that the connecting operation is easy. It is. For this reason, the processing cost and assembly cost of parts can be reduced.
[0019]
Further, as described above, the temperature of the seal case 15a, which is fitted and fixed to the outer ring 4 by an interference fit, is substantially equal to the temperature of the outer ring 4, so that the annular portion 25 of the seal case 15a The temperature of the double-row tapered roller bearing 3 including the outer ring 4 can be effectively measured by the temperature sensor 23a in contact with the detection unit. For this reason, when an abnormality such as seizure occurs in the double row tapered roller bearing 3, this can be detected reliably and quickly, and further serious damage is caused to the rotation support portion including the double row tapered roller bearing 3. It can be prevented from occurring. If the temperature sensor 23a is attached in the vicinity of the load zone (upper part in the illustrated example) of the double-row tapered roller bearing 3, the temperature rise caused by the heat generation of the double-row tapered roller bearing 3 can be detected more efficiently. Therefore, it is preferable.
[0020]
Further, since the temperature sensor 23a is installed outside the annular portion 25 of the seal case 15a, the temperature sensor 23a is lubricated with grease or the like sealed in the internal space 17 of the double row tapered roller bearing 3. There is no contact with the agent. Therefore, the temperature sensor 23a does not contaminate the lubricant, and the durability of the lubricant is sufficiently maintained. Further, since the temperature sensor 23a is installed on the outer surface of the annular portion 25, it is not necessary to form a through hole for inserting the temperature sensor 23a and the harness 24a in the annular portion 25. Accordingly, the leakage of grease from the internal space 17 and the entry of foreign matter into the internal space 17 do not occur through the through hole provided in the circular ring portion 25.
[0021]
Furthermore, a vibration sensor for detecting vibration in addition to the temperature sensor 23a can be integrally assembled on the outer surface of the seal case 15a. If vibration of the double-row tapered roller bearing unit 3 including the outer ring 4 is detected by the vibration sensor via the seal case 15a, the outer ring raceway 7 and the inner ring raceway 8 or each An alarm can be issued by detecting the separation of the rolling surfaces of the tapered rollers 6 and 6.
[0022]
The abnormality detection of the rolling bearing unit such as the double row tapered roller bearing 3 can be performed by providing at least one of the temperature sensor 23a and the vibration sensor. However, at least the temperature sensor 23a is provided, and the vibration sensor is further provided. It is preferable because the reliability of abnormality detection can be further improved.
[0023]
Further, the rolling bearing unit that is an object of the present invention is not limited to the double-row tapered roller bearing as shown in the figure, but other roller bearings such as a cylindrical roller bearing and a self-aligning roller bearing, or a deep groove type angular contact roller bearing. Various ball bearings such as molds may be used.
Further, the portion where the temperature sensor is assembled on the outer surface of the seal case is not limited to the outer surface of the circular ring portion as shown, but may be the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion.
Furthermore, the shape of the bearing box for holding the outer ring may be a half-cracked type that suppresses only the radial load side such as the upper half of the outer ring.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is configured and operates as described above, a sensor-equipped rolling bearing unit capable of accurately measuring the temperature of the rolling bearing unit and detecting the abnormality of the rolling bearing unit with high reliability is reduced. It can be realized at a cost.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a conventional structure.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Axle 2 Bearing box 3 Double row tapered roller bearing 4 Outer ring 5a, 5b Inner ring 6 Tapered roller 7 Outer ring raceway 8 Inner ring raceway 9 Cage 10 Spacer 11a, 11b Ring member 12 Stepped surface 13 Bolt 14 End plate 15a, 15b Seal case 16a, 16b Seal ring 17 Internal space 18 Cover 19 Cylindrical portion 20 Bottom plate portion 21 Mounting portion 22 Sensor mounting hole 23, 23a Temperature sensor 24, 24a Harness 25 Circular ring portion 26 Relay connector 27 Cord

Claims (4)

互いに相対回転する外輪と内輪とのうちの一方が回転輪であると共に他方が固定輪であり、これら外輪の内周面に形成された外輪軌道と内輪の外周面に形成された内輪軌道との間に転動自在に設けられた複数個の転動体と、上記固定輪の端部にその基端部を結合固定された円筒状のシールケースと、このシールケースの周面と上記回転輪と共に回転する部分との間に設けられたシールリングと、上記各転動体を含む転がり軸受ユニットの温度を検出する温度センサとを備え、上記シールケースは、伝熱性の良好な金属製で、基端部を上記固定輪の端部に締り嵌めで嵌合する事によりこの固定輪に結合固定されており、上記温度センサは、上記シールケースの外面に検知部を当接若しくは近接対向させた状態で、このシールケースに結合固定されていて、このシールケースの温度をこのシールケースの外面側から測定する事により、上記固定輪を含む転がり軸受ユニットの温度を測定可能としているセンサ付転がり軸受ユニット。One of the outer ring and the inner ring that rotate relative to each other is a rotating ring and the other is a fixed ring. The outer ring raceway formed on the inner peripheral surface of these outer rings and the inner ring raceway formed on the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring A plurality of rolling elements provided in a freely rotatable manner, a cylindrical seal case having a base end portion coupled and fixed to an end portion of the fixed ring, a peripheral surface of the seal case, and the rotating wheel A seal ring provided between the rotating part and a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the rolling bearing unit including each of the rolling elements, and the seal case is made of a metal having good heat conductivity and has a base end The temperature sensor is connected and fixed to the end of the fixed ring by an interference fit, and the temperature sensor is in a state where the detection part is in contact with or close to the outer surface of the seal case. Fixed to this seal case Have been, by measuring the temperature of the seal casing from the outer surface side of the seal case, the temperature sensor rolling bearing units in the enable measurement of the rolling bearing unit including the fixing ring. 固定輪の端部開口を塞ぐカバーと、このカバーを貫通する状態で設けられた中継コネクタとを備え、温度センサの信号を取り出す為のハーネスをこの中継コネクタの内端部に接続すると共に、この信号を制御器に送る為のコードの端部をこの中継コネクタの外端部に接続自在とした、請求項１に記載したセンサ付転がり軸受ユニット。A cover for closing the end opening of the fixed ring and a relay connector provided in a state of passing through the cover are connected to a harness for taking out a temperature sensor signal to the inner end of the relay connector. 2. The sensor-equipped rolling bearing unit according to claim 1, wherein an end of a cord for sending a signal to a controller can be freely connected to an outer end of the relay connector. シールケースに対して温度センサを、接着とねじ止めとの少なくとも一方の結合手段により結合すると共に、この温度センサの外表面を接着剤により覆っている、請求項１〜２の何れかに記載したセンサ付転がり軸受ユニット。The temperature sensor is coupled to the seal case by at least one coupling means of adhesion and screwing, and the outer surface of the temperature sensor is covered with an adhesive. Rolling bearing unit with sensor. 温度センサに加えて振動センサを、シールケースに対して結合固定した、請求項１〜３の何れかに記載したセンサ付転がり軸受ユニット。The rolling bearing unit with a sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a vibration sensor is coupled and fixed to the seal case in addition to the temperature sensor.
JP2001095699A 2001-03-29 2001-03-29 Rolling bearing unit with sensor Expired - Fee Related JP4626078B2 (en)

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DE10242199A1 (en) * 2002-09-10 2004-03-18 Bpw Bergische Achsen Kg Wheel bearings, especially for trailer axles
AT17903U1 (en) * 2019-12-05 2023-07-15 Tirsan Kardan Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi Measuring element for carrying out measurements on bearing shells in the arms of a universal joint
TR202013438U5 (en) * 2020-08-26 2020-10-21 Tirsan Kardan Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi A CARDAN SHAFT HANGER TO PROVIDE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
CN113433298A (en) * 2021-05-28 2021-09-24 浙江兆丰机电股份有限公司 Bearing heat flow characteristic test device for drive axle and test method thereof

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0628668U (en) * 1992-09-08 1994-04-15 日信工業株式会社 Mold temperature detector
JP2000035365A (en) * 1998-07-16 2000-02-02 Toyo Commun Equip Co Ltd Fixation method for surface temperature sensor
JP2001004648A (en) * 1999-06-18 2001-01-12 Koyo Seiko Co Ltd Wheel speed detector

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0628668U (en) * 1992-09-08 1994-04-15 日信工業株式会社 Mold temperature detector
JP2000035365A (en) * 1998-07-16 2000-02-02 Toyo Commun Equip Co Ltd Fixation method for surface temperature sensor
JP2001004648A (en) * 1999-06-18 2001-01-12 Koyo Seiko Co Ltd Wheel speed detector

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