JP4607693B2 - Method for disassembling articles - Google Patents

Method for disassembling articles Download PDF

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JP4607693B2
JP4607693B2 JP2005205601A JP2005205601A JP4607693B2 JP 4607693 B2 JP4607693 B2 JP 4607693B2 JP 2005205601 A JP2005205601 A JP 2005205601A JP 2005205601 A JP2005205601 A JP 2005205601A JP 4607693 B2 JP4607693 B2 JP 4607693B2
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article
fastening
fastened
disassembling
screw
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JP2007021339A (en
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一雄 杉山
唯志 田島
一也 吉田
雅信 谷川
芳男 進藤
秀男 高荒
瑞穂 加藤
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Tokin Corp
Sharp Corp
Union Seimitsu Co Ltd
Tokai University Educational Systems
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Sharp Corp
Union Seimitsu Co Ltd
Tokai University Educational Systems
NEC Tokin Corp
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本発明は、コンピューターや家電製品などの電気製品をはじめとする各種機器(物品)などにおいて、ねじによる締結が可能で、かつ、所定の温度以上に加熱すると該ねじによる締結が無効となる易分解締結部によって組み立てられた物品の分解方法に関する。   The present invention is capable of fastening with screws in various devices (articles) including electric products such as computers and home appliances, and is easily disassembled that the fastening with screws becomes invalid when heated to a predetermined temperature or higher. The present invention relates to a method for disassembling an article assembled by a fastening portion.

コンピューターや家電製品などの電気製品をはじめとする物品の多くはねじを用いて組み立てられている。   Many articles, including electrical products such as computers and home appliances, are assembled using screws.

このような、ねじによって組み立てられた物品を廃棄する場合、その容積を減らし、あるいは、この物品の部材を有効に再利用するためにねじを緩め、はずして分解する。   When discarding such an article assembled by screws, the volume is reduced or the screws are unscrewed and removed and disassembled to effectively reuse the parts of the article.

しかしながら、このような分解は、ねじによる締結箇所が多いとき、あるいは、多量の物品を分解するには、非常に煩わしい作業となる。   However, such disassembly is a very troublesome operation when there are many fastening points with screws or when disassembling a large amount of articles.

ここで、本発明者等は、特開2005−16713公報(特許文献1)により、本体に締結される締結部材の周囲において該締結部材の頭部と被締結部材との間に挟まれ、該締結部材の締付力により該被締結部材を押圧するねじ付属品であって、形状復元する材料で形成され、前記締結部材の頭部から抜けるように半径方向に開く一対の腕部を有し、該一対の腕部の先端側に、加熱されることにより軟化する接合材で連結された接合部を設けたねじ付属品や、本体に締結される締結部材の周囲において該締結部材の頭部と被締結部材との間に挟まれ、該締結部材の締付力により該被締結部材を押圧するねじ付属品であって、形状復元する材料で形成され、加熱されること又は外力を受けることにより、前記締結部材の頭部から抜けるように半径方向に開く一対の腕部を有するねじ付属品を提案し、このようなねじ付属品を組み立て時にワッシャとして用いる易分解締結部によって、所定の温度以上に加熱するだけで容易にねじによる締結を無効とすることができる技術について提案を行っている。   Here, the present inventors, according to Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-16713 (Patent Document 1), are sandwiched between the head of the fastening member and the fastened member around the fastening member fastened to the main body, A screw accessory that presses the member to be fastened by the fastening force of the fastening member, and is formed of a material whose shape is restored, and has a pair of arms that open in the radial direction so as to come out from the head of the fastening member A screw accessory provided with a joint connected by a joining material that softens when heated on the tip side of the pair of arms, and a head of the fastening member around a fastening member fastened to the body A screw accessory which is sandwiched between the fastening member and presses the fastened member with the fastening force of the fastening member, is formed of a material whose shape is restored, and is heated or subjected to external force So that it can be removed from the head of the fastening member. A screw accessory with a pair of arms that open in the direction is proposed, and an easily disassembled fastening part that uses such a screw accessory as a washer at the time of assembly makes it easy to disable fastening with screws simply by heating it above a predetermined temperature We are making proposals for technologies that can

このような易分解締結部によって組み立てられた物品は、例えばベルトコンベアシステムを備えた加熱炉に導入することにより、きわめて容易に分解することができ、またこのとき、大量の物品の分解処理にも対応が可能である。   Articles assembled by such easily disassembling fastening parts can be disassembled very easily, for example, by introducing them into a heating furnace equipped with a belt conveyor system. Correspondence is possible.

しかし、このような加熱炉による分解には、分解目的の物品のほぼ全体を加熱する必要があり、加熱炉自体も大型化するとともに、エネルギーコストも大きく、また、少量の物品を処理するときにも、加熱炉全体を所定の温度以上に熱する必要があるので、エネルギーロスが大きくなる。   However, in such a decomposition by a heating furnace, it is necessary to heat almost the entire article to be decomposed, the heating furnace itself is increased in size and energy cost is high, and when a small amount of article is processed. However, since the entire heating furnace needs to be heated to a predetermined temperature or more, energy loss increases.

また、加熱炉の代わりに、易分解締結部によって組み立てられた物品を所定の温度以上に熱せられた温水、油などの液体の中に導入することでも同様に目的の物品の分解をおこなうことができるが、この場合も上記同様のエネルギーのロスの問題が生じるほか、廃水、廃油の処理や、回収された部品の水分や油分の除去が必要となるほか、回収部品の汚染などの問題も生じる可能性があり、その後のリサイクルに障害を引き起こす可能性があり、さらには物品内部のコンデンサやバッテリーの残留電気エネルギーによるショートによる発火・爆発などの可能性も考えられる。   In addition, instead of a heating furnace, an article assembled by an easily disassembled fastening part can be similarly decomposed by introducing it into a liquid such as hot water or oil heated to a predetermined temperature or higher. However, in this case, in addition to the same energy loss problem as described above, waste water and waste oil must be treated, and the water and oil content of the recovered parts must be removed, as well as problems such as contamination of the recovered parts. There is a possibility that it may cause an obstacle to subsequent recycling, and there is also a possibility of ignition or explosion due to a short circuit due to residual electric energy of the capacitor or battery inside the article.

さらに、これらでは、分解に必要な温度(形状記憶合金を用いる場合には一般に100℃以上、また、ウッドメタルなどの易溶融金属を用いた場合にも約70℃以上)により、物品の一部が、変色、変形、変質、破壊などの障害が発生し、それらのリサイクルに障害を引き起こすおそれがあった。
特開2005−16713公報
Furthermore, in these cases, a part of the article is caused by the temperature required for decomposition (generally 100 ° C. or higher when using a shape memory alloy, or approximately 70 ° C. or higher when using an easily meltable metal such as wood metal). However, troubles such as discoloration, deformation, alteration and destruction occurred, and there was a risk of causing trouble in recycling them.
JP 2005-16713 A

ここで、本発明者等は、はんだごてのような、手などで操作可能な加熱源を操作して、要分解物品の易分解締結部に接触させて、易分解締結部を所定の温度以上に加熱すると云う作業を試みた。   Here, the present inventors operate a heat source that can be operated by hand, such as a soldering iron, and bring it into contact with the easily disassembled fastening portion of the article requiring disassembly so that the easily disassembled fastening portion has a predetermined temperature. Attempts were made to heat the above.

しかしながら、このとき、小型の易分解締結部、例えば、用いるねじの頭の径が2mm以下などの易分解締結部への処理は、細かい作業となるので、効率が悪く、また、易分解締結部ではなく、分解対象の物品の易分解締結部以外の箇所を誤って加熱してしまうこと、また、易分解締結部近接部分が樹脂からなる場合、その部分を間違って加熱することにより、易分解締結部の動作が不完全となって分解できなくなる恐れもあった。   However, at this time, the processing to a small easily disassembled fastening portion, for example, an easily disassembled fastening portion having a screw head diameter of 2 mm or less, etc., is a fine work, so the efficiency is low, and the easily disassembled fastening portion Rather than accidentally heating a part other than the easy-disassembly fastening part of the article to be disassembled, and if the part near the easy-disassembly fastening part is made of resin, it is easy to disassemble by heating that part by mistake. There is a possibility that the operation of the fastening part is incomplete and cannot be disassembled.

ここで、本発明はこのような問題を解決する、即ち、ねじによる締結が可能で、かつ、所定の温度以上に加熱すると該ねじによる締結が無効となる易分解締結部によって組み立てられた物品の分解方法において、少量の処理であってもエネルギーの無駄がなく、また、不必要な部分への熱の供給が少なく、かつ、小さい易分解締結部を有する物品に対する作業効率が高い物品の分解方法を提供することを目的とする。   Here, the present invention solves such a problem, that is, an article assembled by an easily disassembled fastening portion that can be fastened with a screw and becomes ineffective when heated to a predetermined temperature or higher. In the disassembling method, there is no waste of energy even in a small amount of processing, the supply of heat to unnecessary parts is small, and the disassembling method of the article with high work efficiency for an article having a small easily disassembling fastening portion. The purpose is to provide.

本発明の物品の分解方法は上記課題を解決するため、請求項1に記載の通り、ねじによる締結が可能で、かつ、所定の温度以上に加熱すると該ねじによる締結が無効となる易分解締結部によって本体と被締結部材とから組み立てられた物品の分解方法において、上記易分解締結部が、上記本体に形成された雌ねじ部、挿通孔が設けられた上記被締結部材、頭部を備えかつ上記雌ねじ部に螺合する雄ねじ、及び、該雄ねじの雄ねじ部の外径よりも大きくかつ該雄ねじの頭部の最大径よりも小さい内径と前記挿通孔よりも大きい外径とを有しそして上記所定の温度以上に加熱されると変形して該内径が上記雄ねじの頭部の最大径と同等または該頭部の最大径より大きくなるワッシャから構成され、上記ワッシャが、上記被締結部材と上記雄ねじの上記頭部との間に挟まれた状態で上記雄ねじの締付力により固定されており、かつ、上記加熱を、上記易分解締結部及びその周辺に集束された過熱蒸気の気流を供給して行うことを特徴とする物品の分解方法である。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the method for disassembling an article according to the present invention enables easy fastening with a screw as described in claim 1, and the easy fastening with which the fastening with the screw becomes invalid when heated to a predetermined temperature or higher. In the method for disassembling an article assembled from a main body and a fastened member by a portion, the easily disassembled fastening portion includes the female screw portion formed in the main body, the fastened member provided with an insertion hole, and a head. A male screw threadedly engaged with the female screw portion, an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the male screw portion of the male screw and smaller than the maximum diameter of the head of the male screw, and an outer diameter larger than the insertion hole, and The washer is composed of a washer that is deformed when heated to a predetermined temperature or more and whose inner diameter is equal to or larger than the maximum diameter of the head of the male screw, and the washer includes the fastened member and the Male thread Serial is fixed by tightening force of the male screw in a state of being sandwiched between the head and the heating, by supplying a stream of superheated steam, which is focused on the readily degradable coupling portion and its periphery An article disassembling method characterized in that the article is disassembled.

また、本発明の物品の分解方法は、上記請求項1に記載の物品の分解方法において、請求項2に記載のように、上記物品が、その易分解締結部付近に該易分解締結部の存在を示す標識がある物品であることを特徴とする。   The article disassembling method according to the present invention is the article disassembling method according to claim 1, wherein the article is disposed near the easily disassembling fastening portion of the easily disassembling fastening portion. It is an article having a sign indicating its presence.

本発明の物品の分解方法によれば、ねじによる締結が可能で、かつ、所定の温度以上に加熱するとそのねじによる締結が無効となる易分解締結部によって組み立てられた物品の分解方法において、少量の処理であってもエネルギーの無駄がなく、また、不必要な部分への熱の供給が少なく、かつ、小さい易分解締結部を有する物品に対する作業効率が高い。
さらに、比較的遠距離からの操作で、分解作業を行うことができるので、作業効率がより高くなるとともに、分解が容易になる。
According to the method for disassembling an article of the present invention, a small amount can be used in the method for disassembling an article assembled by an easily disassembled fastening portion that can be fastened with screws and becomes ineffective when fastened to a predetermined temperature or higher. Even in this process, energy is not wasted, the supply of heat to unnecessary portions is small, and the work efficiency for an article having a small easily disassembled fastening portion is high.
Furthermore, since the disassembling work can be performed by an operation from a relatively long distance, the working efficiency becomes higher and the disassembling becomes easy.

さらに、請求項2に係る本発明の物品の分解方法によれば、易分解締結部目指して加熱することができるので、加熱によって障害を引き起こす可能性がある箇所への加熱を防止することができる。 Furthermore, according to the method for disassembling an article of the present invention according to claim 2, since heating can be performed aiming at an easily disassembled fastening portion , it is possible to prevent heating to a place that may cause a failure due to heating. it can.

本発明において、易分解締結部とは、ねじによる締結が可能で、かつ、所定の温度以上に加熱すると該ねじによる締結が無効となる易分解締結部であることが必要である。このような易分解締結部によれば、組み立て時にはねじを用いて組み立てる物品と同様の組み立て方法、設備によって組み立てることができる。   In the present invention, the easily disassembled fastening portion needs to be an easily disassembled fastening portion that can be fastened with a screw and becomes ineffective when fastened to a predetermined temperature or higher. According to such an easily disassembled fastening part, it can be assembled by the same assembling method and equipment as the article assembled using screws at the time of assembling.

このような、易分解締結部としては例えば、特開2005−16713公報(特許文献1)により開示された易分解締結部が挙げられる。   As such an easily disassembled fastening portion, for example, an easily disassembled fastening portion disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-16713 (Patent Document 1) can be given.

すなわち、本体に締結される締結部材の周囲において該締結部材の頭部と被締結部材との間に挟まれ、該締結部材の締付力により該被締結部材を押圧するねじ付属品であって、形状復元する材料で形成され、前記締結部材の頭部から抜けるように半径方向に開く一対の腕部を有し、該一対の腕部の先端側に、加熱されることにより軟化する接合材で連結された接合部を設けたねじ付属品を用いる易分解締結部である。このような軟化する接合材としては、低融点金属、熱可塑性プラスチックなどが挙げられる。   That is, a screw accessory that is sandwiched between the head of the fastening member and the fastened member around the fastening member fastened to the main body and presses the fastened member by the fastening force of the fastening member. A bonding material that is formed of a material that restores its shape and that has a pair of arms that open radially from the head of the fastening member, and is softened by heating on the distal end side of the pair of arms It is an easily disassembled fastening part using a screw accessory provided with a joint part connected at. Examples of such softening bonding materials include low melting point metals and thermoplastics.

あるいは、本体に締結される締結部材の周囲において該締結部材の頭部と被締結部材との間に挟まれ、該締結部材の締付力により該被締結部材を押圧するねじ付属品であって、形状復元する材料で形成され、加熱されることにより前記締結部材の頭部から抜けるように半径方向に開く一対の腕部を有するねじ付属品を用いる易分解締結部である。このようなねじ付属品は、形状記憶合金や形状記憶プラスチックから構成することができる。   Alternatively, a screw accessory that is sandwiched between the head of the fastening member and the fastened member around the fastening member fastened to the main body and presses the fastened member by the fastening force of the fastening member. An easily disassembled fastening portion using a screw accessory having a pair of arms that are formed of a material that restores its shape and opens in a radial direction so as to be removed from the head of the fastening member when heated. Such screw accessories can be constructed from shape memory alloys or shape memory plastics.

このような、ねじ付属品を利用する易分解締結部の例について、図面を用いて説明する。   An example of such an easily disassembled fastening part using a screw accessory will be described with reference to the drawings.

図1には、形状記憶合金からなる易解体用のスプリングワッシャ(ねじ付属品)10を用いた締結体構造の一例として、液晶テレビ20の易分解締結部付近の部分拡大断面図が示されている。また、図2には図1のAを付して示された部分の拡大部分断面図を示す。   FIG. 1 shows a partially enlarged sectional view of the vicinity of an easily disassembled fastening portion of a liquid crystal television 20 as an example of a fastening body structure using a spring washer (screw accessory) 10 made of a shape memory alloy for easy disassembly. Yes. FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of a portion indicated by A in FIG.

液晶テレビ20は、筐体としてのプラスチックシャーシ21、液晶パネル本体23、ランプ類(図示せず)、シート類など(図示せず)から構成されている。プラスチックシャーシ21は、開口部を有するパネルケース(本体)25と、開口部を覆うパネルカバー(被締結部材)22とから構成されている。液晶パネル本体23は、前後一対の板ガラス、液晶、偏光板、反射板、電子回路ユニットなどから構成されており、プラスチックシャーシ21の内側に収容され、パネルケース25とパネルカバー22とに挟まれる状態で固定されている。   The liquid crystal television 20 includes a plastic chassis 21 as a housing, a liquid crystal panel body 23, lamps (not shown), sheets and the like (not shown). The plastic chassis 21 includes a panel case (main body) 25 having an opening and a panel cover (fastened member) 22 that covers the opening. The liquid crystal panel body 23 is composed of a pair of front and rear glass plates, liquid crystal, polarizing plate, reflector, electronic circuit unit, etc., and is housed inside the plastic chassis 21 and sandwiched between the panel case 25 and the panel cover 22. It is fixed with.

ここで、形状記憶合金とは、例えばTi−Ni合金(両者の分子存在比はほぼ等しい)、Cu−Zn−Al合金などの所定の温度に加熱されることで記憶された形状に復元する性質(形状記憶特性)を有する合金である。   Here, the shape memory alloy is, for example, a property of being restored to a memorized shape by heating to a predetermined temperature, such as a Ti—Ni alloy (both molecular abundance ratios are substantially equal), a Cu—Zn—Al alloy, or the like. It is an alloy having (shape memory characteristics).

形状記憶合金に形状を記憶させるための形状記憶処理は、合金組成、用途などにより異なるものであるが、大気中、真空中、不活性ガス中のいずれかの雰囲気において、例えば400〜800℃の処理温度で、5〜60分保持することにより行われている。ここで用いられたスプリングワッシャは、大気中において、750℃の処理温度で、10分間保持することにより、記憶処理が行われている。   The shape memory treatment for storing the shape in the shape memory alloy varies depending on the alloy composition, application, etc., but in any atmosphere in the atmosphere, vacuum, or inert gas, for example, 400-800 ° C. It is carried out by holding at the treatment temperature for 5 to 60 minutes. The spring washer used here is stored in the atmosphere by holding it at a processing temperature of 750 ° C. for 10 minutes.

成形された形状記憶合金が、相変態により記憶形状に復元する逆変態開始温度は、合金元素、合金組成により大きく異なるものであるが、ここで用いられたスプリングワッシャの逆変態開始温度は、約100℃(本実施例での所定の温度)である。   The reverse transformation start temperature at which the shaped shape memory alloy is restored to the memory shape by phase transformation varies greatly depending on the alloy element and the alloy composition, but the reverse transformation start temperature of the spring washer used here is about 100 ° C. (predetermined temperature in this embodiment).

本実施形態の形状記憶合金からなるスプリングワッシャ10は、一般的なスプリングワッシャ形状をしており、雄ねじ(平皿ねじ)17の頭部17bの最大径よりも小さい内径を有しており、ねじ17の締結に用いられるときには通常のスプリングワッシャとして用いられ、この例では、スプリングワッシャ10は雄ねじ17の頭部17bのねじ側傾斜面(座面)17cと円環状の円環座金15との間に固定されて、通常のスプリングワッシャとして機能して、ねじのゆるみ防止機能を果たしている。   The spring washer 10 made of the shape memory alloy of the present embodiment has a general spring washer shape, and has an inner diameter smaller than the maximum diameter of the head 17 b of the male screw (flat flat screw) 17. In this example, the spring washer 10 is used between the screw side inclined surface (seat surface) 17c of the head 17b of the male screw 17 and the annular washer 15. It is fixed and functions as a normal spring washer, preventing the screw from loosening.

円環座金15は、スプリングワッシャ10のいわゆる、「座り」を改善するとともに、スプリングワッシャ10のパネルカバー22への食い込みを防止して、スプリングワッシャ10が所定の温度以上に加熱されたときの動作を確実にする。   The annular washer 15 improves the so-called “sitting” of the spring washer 10 and prevents the spring washer 10 from biting into the panel cover 22, and the operation when the spring washer 10 is heated to a predetermined temperature or more. Make sure.

また円環座金15には、鍔15aが垂設されていて、この鍔15aが挿通孔22aの孔縁に係止されることで、円環座金15の位置ずれが防止されている。   Further, a collar 15a is suspended from the annular washer 15, and the collar 15a is locked to the hole edge of the insertion hole 22a, so that the positional displacement of the annular washer 15 is prevented.

次に、プラスチックシャーシ21(液晶テレビ20)の組み立てと解体について、順に説明する。パネルケース25の取付部25aに圧縮コイルばね27を外挿させ、パネルケース25とパネルカバー22とを対向させるとともに、液晶パネル本体23をパネルケース25の収容空間24に収め、圧縮コイルばね27を縮めながらパネルカバー22をパネルケース25の開口部にあてがい、取付部25aの小径部25bをパネルケース25の挿通孔22aに嵌合させる。そして、円環座金15をパネルケース25の挿通孔22aに嵌め、円環座金15の上にスプリングワッシャ10を載せ、円環座金15とスペーサ10に雄ねじ17を挿通させ、雄ねじ17の雄ねじ部17aをパネルケース25の取付部25aに形成された雌ねじ部25cに螺合させて、所定のトルクで雄ねじ17を締め付ける。雄ねじ17は、実際の組立工程において管理されている所定のトルクで締め付けられるようになっている。   Next, assembly and disassembly of the plastic chassis 21 (the liquid crystal television 20) will be described in order. The compression coil spring 27 is extrapolated to the mounting portion 25a of the panel case 25 so that the panel case 25 and the panel cover 22 face each other, and the liquid crystal panel main body 23 is accommodated in the housing space 24 of the panel case 25. While shrinking, the panel cover 22 is applied to the opening of the panel case 25, and the small diameter portion 25 b of the mounting portion 25 a is fitted into the insertion hole 22 a of the panel case 25. Then, the annular washer 15 is fitted into the insertion hole 22 a of the panel case 25, the spring washer 10 is placed on the annular washer 15, the male screw 17 is inserted into the annular washer 15 and the spacer 10, and the male screw portion 17 a of the male screw 17. Is screwed into a female screw portion 25c formed in the mounting portion 25a of the panel case 25, and the male screw 17 is tightened with a predetermined torque. The male screw 17 is tightened with a predetermined torque managed in the actual assembly process.

雄ねじ17を締め付けると、ねじ17の座面17cとスプリングワッシャ10とが当接することとなるが、スプリングワッシャは所定の温度に加熱されるまでは、最終的に加工された形状、即ち、その内径がねじ17の頭部17bの外径より小さい状態を保つ。   When the male screw 17 is tightened, the seating surface 17c of the screw 17 and the spring washer 10 come into contact with each other. The spring washer is finally processed until it is heated to a predetermined temperature, that is, its inner diameter. Is kept smaller than the outer diameter of the head 17 b of the screw 17.

ねじ17の締付力は、スペーサ10と円環座金15を介してパネルカバー22を押圧して、プラスチックシャーシ21が組み立てられるようになっている。   The tightening force of the screw 17 presses the panel cover 22 via the spacer 10 and the annular washer 15 so that the plastic chassis 21 is assembled.

ここで、スプリングワッシャ10の正面図及び側面図を図4(a)及び図4(b)に示す。スプリングワッシャ10は正面から見ると全体が、切れ目が一箇所設けられている円環状に形成されており、側面からみるとスプリングワッシャ10が螺旋状になっていることが判る。ここで、スプリングワッシャ10を構成する線材は断面が、スプリングワッシャ10の正面及び裏面側がともに曲率の小さい楕円形であり、”座り”が改善されている。なお、スプリングワッシャを構成する線材が楕円以外にスプリングワッシャ正面及び裏面が平らな長円形であっても(そのような一例10’を図4(c)に示す)良い。ここでは”座り”の良い例について示したが、そのような効果が不要な場合には断面が円形の線材からなるスプリングワッシャであってもよい。   Here, a front view and a side view of the spring washer 10 are shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b). When viewed from the front, the spring washer 10 is formed in an annular shape with a single cut, and when viewed from the side, the spring washer 10 is spiral. Here, the wire constituting the spring washer 10 has an oval shape with a small cross section on the front and back sides of the spring washer 10, and "sitting" is improved. In addition, the wire which comprises a spring washer may be an ellipse where the front and back surfaces of the spring washer are flat other than an ellipse (such an example 10 'is shown in FIG. 4C). Here, a good example of “sitting” is shown, but when such an effect is not necessary, a spring washer made of a wire having a circular cross section may be used.

これら形状記憶合金からなるスプリングワッシャは、物品本体に締結される締結部材の周囲において該締結部材の頭部と被締結部材との間に挟まれ、該締結部材の締付力により該被締結部材を押圧するねじ付属品であって、形状復元する材料で形成され、加熱されることにより前記締結部材の頭部から抜けるように半径方向に開く一対の腕部を有するねじ付属品である。   The spring washer made of these shape memory alloys is sandwiched between the head of the fastening member and the fastened member around the fastening member fastened to the article body, and the fastened member is tightened by the fastening force of the fastening member. A screw accessory that is formed of a material whose shape is restored and that has a pair of arms that open in a radial direction so as to come off the head of the fastening member when heated.

また、この例ではスプリングワッシャを示したが、切れ目を有しないドーナツ状のワッシャであって、雄ねじ10のねじ部17aの外径(最大径)よりも大きく、かつ、雄ねじ17の頭部17bの外径(最大径)よりも小さい内径を有し、所定の温度以上に温度に加熱されると拡径して内径が雄ねじ17の頭部17bの最大径と同等または頭部17bの最大径よりも大きくなるワッシャを用いてもよい。   In this example, the spring washer is shown. However, it is a donut-shaped washer having no cut, and is larger than the outer diameter (maximum diameter) of the threaded portion 17a of the male screw 10, and the head 17b of the male screw 17 is formed. The inner diameter is smaller than the outer diameter (maximum diameter), and when heated to a temperature equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature, the diameter is increased and the inner diameter is equal to the maximum diameter of the head 17b of the male screw 17 or larger than the maximum diameter of the head 17b. A larger washer may be used.

また、特開2005−16713公報によって開示されたように、本発明の物品の分解方法が適応される物品の易分解締結部で用いられるワッシャを、加熱されることにより前記締結部材の頭部から抜けるように半径方向に開く、上記の一対の腕部に互いに係合し、かつ、所定の温度に加熱されたときにはこの係合が解除される係合部を設けた、ドーナツ状のワッシャとすることにより、所定の温度に加熱されるまでは、スプリングワッシャに比べて大きい負荷に耐えられる構造とすることができる。   Further, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-16713, a washer used in an easily disassembled fastening portion of an article to which the article disassembling method of the present invention is applied is heated from the head of the fastening member. A donut-shaped washer provided with an engaging portion that is engaged with the pair of arm portions that open in the radial direction so as to come off, and that is disengaged when heated to a predetermined temperature. Thereby, it can be set as the structure which can endure a big load compared with a spring washer until it heats to predetermined temperature.

このような、所定の温度以上に加熱するとねじによる締結が無効となる易分解締結部を有する物品に対して、本発明の分解方法を実施すると、加熱により機能する部品が、易分解締結部の中でも比較的小型(従って熱容量が小さい)で、かつ、分解対象物品の表面近くに存在するワッシャであるため、比較的小さい熱量で、かつ、迅速な分解処理が可能となる。   When the disassembling method of the present invention is performed on such an article having an easily disassembled fastening part that is not fastened by a screw when heated to a predetermined temperature or higher, a component that functions by heating becomes a part of the easily disassembled fastening part. Among them, since it is a washer that is relatively small (and therefore has a small heat capacity) and is present near the surface of the article to be decomposed, it can be quickly decomposed with a relatively small amount of heat.

図3は、図2に該当する箇所の、モデル的に図示したノズルから過熱蒸気を供給することによって所定の温度以上に加熱するとねじによる締結が無効となる易分解締結部が加熱によって、ねじによる締結が無効となった状態を示す拡大部分断面図を示す。この図では、形状記憶合金からなるワッシャ10が加熱された結果、その形状記憶性により拡径してその内径が雄ねじ17頭部の17bの最外径より大きくなったため、圧縮コイルばね27の働きで、ワッシャ10、円環座金15及びパネルカバー(被締結部材)22がプラスチックシャーシ21から外れ、さらに液晶パネル本体23がプラスチックシャーシ21から離脱可能となった状態を示す。   FIG. 3 shows that an easily disassembling fastening portion that becomes ineffective when fastened to a predetermined temperature or higher by supplying superheated steam from a model-illustrated nozzle at a location corresponding to FIG. The expanded partial sectional view which shows the state where fastening became invalid is shown. In this figure, since the washer 10 made of a shape memory alloy is heated, its diameter increases due to its shape memory property and its inner diameter becomes larger than the outermost diameter of the male screw 17 head 17b. Then, the washer 10, the annular washer 15 and the panel cover (fastened member) 22 are detached from the plastic chassis 21, and the liquid crystal panel main body 23 can be detached from the plastic chassis 21.

本発明の物品の分解方法では、分解のための加熱を、上記易分解締結部及びその周辺に、好ましくは、上記易分解締結部及びその周辺にのみ過熱蒸気を供給して行う必要がある。物品の易分解締結部以外の場所に対して加熱を行っても分解できない上、加熱された部品のリサイクル性が損なわれる場合がある。また、加熱空気、加熱窒素等と比較して、熱容量が大きい過熱蒸気を用いることにより、充分な熱量を短時間で供給することが可能となり、分解を迅速に行うことができるうえ、通常の水蒸気(100℃以下、通常高くても90〜80℃程度)を用いる場合に比べると、同じ熱量を与えるのに生じる凝固水の量が少なくて済むので、自然乾燥ないし温風乾燥で充分蒸発させることができ、このとき廃水処理が不要となる。   In the method for decomposing an article of the present invention, heating for decomposition needs to be performed by supplying superheated steam only to the easily disassembled fastening part and the vicinity thereof, preferably only to the easily dissociable fastening part and the periphery thereof. Even if it heats places other than the easy decomposition | disassembly fastening part of an article | item, it cannot decompose | disassemble and the recyclability of the heated components may be impaired. In addition, by using superheated steam having a large heat capacity compared to heated air, heated nitrogen, etc., it becomes possible to supply a sufficient amount of heat in a short time, and it is possible to perform decomposition quickly and to use normal steam. Compared to the case of using (100 ° C. or less, usually about 90 to 80 ° C. at most), the amount of coagulated water generated to give the same amount of heat is small, so it is sufficiently evaporated by natural drying or hot air drying. At this time, waste water treatment is unnecessary.

このように、分解のための加熱を、上記易分解締結部及びその周辺に過熱蒸気を供給して行う場合に集束された過熱蒸気の気流を用いることができる。例えば高圧ボイラーからの過熱蒸気(100℃超の加圧蒸気)を細径のノズルから吹き出させることによって容易に行うことができる。また、一般に市販されている水蒸気調理器の過熱水蒸気製造ユニットを利用して、あるいは、同等のものを製作して利用してもよい。   As described above, when the heating for decomposition is performed by supplying superheated steam to the easily disassembled fastening portion and the vicinity thereof, the stream of superheated steam that is focused can be used. For example, superheated steam (pressurized steam exceeding 100 ° C.) from a high pressure boiler can be easily blown out from a small-diameter nozzle. Moreover, you may utilize the superheated steam production unit of the steam cooker marketed generally, or may manufacture and use an equivalent thing.

なお、分解作業を手動で行う場合には、蒸気を噴出するノズルへの過熱水蒸気の供給をオンオフするスイッチ、把持性を向上させ、やけどを防止するためのハンドル部等をそなえたノズル操作部等を備えたノズル部を用いることが望ましい。   In addition, when performing disassembly work manually, a switch that turns on / off the supply of superheated steam to the nozzle that ejects steam, a nozzle operation unit that has a handle to improve gripping and prevent burns, etc. It is desirable to use a nozzle part provided with.

ここで、本発明者等は、市販の水蒸気調理器の過熱水蒸気製造ユニットを利用する過熱水蒸気発生装置に内径が4mmのノズルを接続し、ノズルへ500℃程度の過熱水蒸気を供給したところ、ノズルから8cm離れたところに直径2cm程度の収束した100℃超〜110℃程度の過熱蒸気流を供給することができ、このとき、上述した易分解締結部(分解のための所定の温度が約100℃)を2〜3秒の処理で分解することができ、そのときの易分解締結部周辺への凝結水の発生は極めて少量であり、また、易分解締結部から1.5cm以上離れた箇所の温度上昇は30℃程度以下であり、周辺部への熱による影響が小さいことが確認された。   Here, the present inventors connected a nozzle having an inner diameter of 4 mm to a superheated steam generator using a superheated steam production unit of a commercially available steam cooker, and supplied superheated steam at about 500 ° C. to the nozzle. The superheated steam flow having a diameter of about 2 cm and a converged superheated temperature of about 100 ° C. to about 110 ° C. can be supplied at a distance of 8 cm from the above. ° C) can be decomposed in a process of 2 to 3 seconds, and the amount of condensed water around the easily disassembled fastening part at that time is very small. The temperature rise was about 30 ° C. or less, and it was confirmed that the influence of heat on the periphery was small.

また、過熱水蒸気による上記の気流は、わずかに発生する湯気、及び、気流及び熱による揺らぎ等によって操作者がその方向を視認できるため、目的の易分解締結部およびその周辺のみへ過熱蒸気を供給することが容易である。   In addition, the above-mentioned airflow due to superheated steam can be visually recognized by the operator due to slight steam and fluctuations caused by airflow and heat, etc., so that superheated steam is supplied only to the target easily disassembled fastening part and its surroundings. Easy to do.

このため、本発明の分解方法を応用するに当たり、対象の物品の、加熱によって、リサイクル性や安全が損なわれる可能性のある部分及びその周辺には、易分解締結部を設けないことが望ましい。あるいは、そのような箇所での締結が必要な場合には、従来の(通常の)ねじ止めを併用することで対応可能である。   For this reason, when applying the disassembling method of the present invention, it is desirable not to provide an easy disassembling fastening portion in a portion where the recyclability and safety may be impaired by heating of the target article and its periphery. Or when fastening in such a place is required, it can respond by using the conventional (normal) screwing together.

このとき、分解対象の物品の易分解締結部周囲には予め易分解締結部を指し示す記号を付しておくと、過熱蒸気を供給する場合に区別が付けやすく、誤操作を効果的に防止できる。さらに、易分解締結部でのみ締結されている物品であっても、その易分解締結部を同様の記号によって示しておくと易分解締結部であることを容易に認識することができるので好ましい。   At this time, if a symbol indicating the easily disassembled fastening part is attached around the easily disassembled fastening part of the article to be disassembled, it is easy to distinguish when supplying superheated steam, and erroneous operation can be effectively prevented. Furthermore, even if the article is fastened only at the easily disassembled fastening portion, it is preferable that the easily disassembled fastening portion is indicated by the same symbol because it can be easily recognized as the easily disassembled fastening portion.

図5には、本出願人による商願2004−70002に係る商標「E−KAITO」と矢印とによって、所定の温度以上に加熱するとねじによる締結が無効となる易分解締結部α1によって組み立てられた物品αの易分解締結部α1に対して、所定の温度以上に加熱するとねじによる締結が無効となる易分解締結部であることを明示した例を示す。   In FIG. 5, the trademark “E-KAITO” according to the commercial application 2004-70002 by the present applicant and the arrow are assembled by an easily disassembling fastening portion α1 that is not fastened by screws when heated to a predetermined temperature or higher. An example is shown in which the easy disassembly fastening portion α1 of the article α is clearly shown to be an easy disassembly fastening portion in which fastening with a screw becomes invalid when heated to a predetermined temperature or higher.

本発明の物品の分解方法は所定の温度以上に加熱するとねじによる締結が無効となる易分解締結部によって組み立てられた物品の分解に好適に応用できる。   The method for disassembling an article according to the present invention can be suitably applied to disassembling an article assembled by an easily disassembling fastening portion that makes fastening by screws invalid when heated to a predetermined temperature or higher.

所定の温度以上に加熱するとねじによる締結が無効となる易分解締結部によって組み立てられた物品の一例の易分解締結部付近の部分拡大断面図である。It is a partial expanded sectional view of the vicinity of an easily disassembled fastening part of an example of an article assembled by an easily disassembled fastening part that is not fastened with screws when heated to a predetermined temperature or higher. 図1のAで示された部分のさらなる部分拡大断面図である。It is the further partial expanded sectional view of the part shown by A of FIG. 図2に該当する部分の易分解締結部が加熱された結果、ねじによる締結が無効となった状態を示す部分拡大断面図である。It is the elements on larger scale which show the state where the fastening by a screw became invalid as a result of heating the easily disassembled fastening part of the part applicable to FIG. 上記易分解締結部で用いることができる、スプリングワッシャの例10及び10’を示すモデル図である。 (a)スプリングワッシャ10の正面図である。 (b)スプリングワッシャ10の側面図である。 (c)スプリングワッシャ10’の側面図である。It is a model figure which shows the examples 10 and 10 'of a spring washer which can be used in the said easily disassembled fastening part. 2A is a front view of a spring washer 10. FIG. FIG. 3B is a side view of the spring washer 10. (C) It is a side view of spring washer 10 '. 分解対象の物品の所定の温度以上に加熱するとねじによる締結が無効となる易分解締結部周囲に、易分解締結部であることを示す記号を付した状態を示すモデル図である。It is a model figure which shows the state which attached | subjected the symbol which shows that it is an easily disassembled fastening part around the easily disassembled fastening part around which the fastening by a screw becomes invalid if it heats more than predetermined | prescribed temperature of the goods of decomposition | disassembly object.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

10,10′ スプリングワッシャの例
15 円環座金
17 雄ねじ(締結部材)
17a ねじ部(雄ねじ部)
22 パネルカバー(被締結部材)
22a 挿通孔
25 パネルケース(本体)
25c 雌ねじ部
27 圧縮コイルばね(圧縮ばね)
α 所定の温度以上に加熱するとねじによる締結が無効となる易分解締結部を有する物品
α1 物品αの易分解締結部
10, 10 'Example of spring washer 15 Ring washer 17 Male thread (fastening member)
17a Screw part (male thread part)
22 Panel cover (fastened member)
22a Insertion hole 25 Panel case (main body)
25c Female thread part 27 Compression coil spring (compression spring)
α Article having an easily disassembled fastening portion that is not fastened with screws when heated to a predetermined temperature or higher α1 Easy disassembling fastening portion of product α

Claims (2)

ねじによる締結が可能で、かつ、所定の温度以上に加熱すると該ねじによる締結が無効となる易分解締結部によって本体と被締結部材とから組み立てられた物品の分解方法において、
上記易分解締結部が、上記本体に形成された雌ねじ部、挿通孔が設けられた上記被締結部材、頭部を備えかつ上記雌ねじ部に螺合する雄ねじ、及び、該雄ねじの雄ねじ部の外径よりも大きくかつ該雄ねじの頭部の最大径よりも小さい内径と前記挿通孔よりも大きい外径とを有しそして上記所定の温度以上に加熱されると変形して該内径が上記雄ねじの頭部の最大径と同等または該頭部の最大径より大きくなるワッシャから構成され、
上記ワッシャが、上記被締結部材と上記雄ねじの上記頭部との間に挟まれた状態で上記雄ねじの締付力により固定されており、かつ、
上記加熱を、上記易分解締結部及びその周辺に集束された過熱蒸気の気流を供給して行うことを特徴とする物品の分解方法。
In the disassembling method of the article assembled from the main body and the member to be fastened by the easily disassembling fastening part that can be fastened by a screw and becomes ineffective when fastened by a predetermined temperature,
The easily disassembled fastening portion includes a female screw portion formed in the main body, the fastened member provided with an insertion hole, a male screw provided with a head and screwed into the female screw portion, and an external portion of the male screw portion of the male screw. An inner diameter that is larger than the diameter and smaller than the maximum diameter of the head of the male screw and an outer diameter that is larger than the insertion hole, and is deformed when heated to a temperature higher than the predetermined temperature. Consists of a washer that is equal to or larger than the maximum diameter of the head,
The washer is fixed by the tightening force of the male screw in a state of being sandwiched between the fastened member and the head of the male screw, and
A method for decomposing an article, characterized in that the heating is performed by supplying an air stream of superheated steam focused on the easily decomposable fastening portion and its periphery.
上記物品が、その易分解締結部付近に該易分解締結部の存在を示す標識がある物品であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の物品の分解方法。   2. The method for disassembling an article according to claim 1, wherein the article is an article having a sign indicating the presence of the easily disassembled fastening portion in the vicinity of the easily disassembled fastening portion.
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JP4872819B2 (en) * 2007-06-14 2012-02-08 パナソニック株式会社 Fastening device
JP2012236149A (en) * 2011-05-12 2012-12-06 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> Method of disassembling cellular phone
JP2012236337A (en) * 2011-05-12 2012-12-06 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> Method for dismantling article
JP2013223822A (en) * 2012-04-20 2013-10-31 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> Method and apparatus for recycling optical fiber cable

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001507106A (en) * 1996-12-09 2001-05-29 ブルネル・ユニバーシティ Disassembly method of various articles
WO2004054729A1 (en) * 2002-12-17 2004-07-01 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd. Fractionally collectable product
JP2005016713A (en) * 2003-06-04 2005-01-20 Union Seimitsu:Kk Screw accessory, fastening member structure using the same, and disassembling method using the same

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001507106A (en) * 1996-12-09 2001-05-29 ブルネル・ユニバーシティ Disassembly method of various articles
WO2004054729A1 (en) * 2002-12-17 2004-07-01 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd. Fractionally collectable product
JP2005016713A (en) * 2003-06-04 2005-01-20 Union Seimitsu:Kk Screw accessory, fastening member structure using the same, and disassembling method using the same

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