JP4598257B2 - Ultrasonic probe for hard tissue diagnosis - Google Patents

Ultrasonic probe for hard tissue diagnosis Download PDF

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JP4598257B2
JP4598257B2 JP2000337677A JP2000337677A JP4598257B2 JP 4598257 B2 JP4598257 B2 JP 4598257B2 JP 2000337677 A JP2000337677 A JP 2000337677A JP 2000337677 A JP2000337677 A JP 2000337677A JP 4598257 B2 JP4598257 B2 JP 4598257B2
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ultrasonic
ultrasonic probe
diagnosis
hard tissue
acoustic
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JP2002136520A (en
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徹 渡辺
宏 服部
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Hitachi Ltd
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Aloka Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/42Details of probe positioning or probe attachment to the patient
    • A61B8/4272Details of probe positioning or probe attachment to the patient involving the acoustic interface between the transducer and the tissue

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
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  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
  • Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は硬組織診断用超音波探触子に関し、特に、骨(例えば関節)、歯などの硬組織を超音波診断するためのプローブに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及びその課題】
超音波診断に当たっては、体表面上に超音波探触子が当接され、その状態で超音波の送受波が行われる。また、血管、尿道などの体腔内に超音波探触子を挿入して超音波診断を行う場合がある。
【0003】
上記のような超音波診断により形成される断層画像においては、骨内部はいわゆる黒抜けとなって画像化されない。これは骨とその周囲組織との間の音響インピーダンスの差が非常に大きく、その境界で超音波の強い反射が生じるからである。よって、従来から、超音波によって骨内部を画像化するのは困難であるというのがこの分野の常識となっている。
【0004】
しかし、超音波を骨自体に透過させることは可能であり、例えば、骨評価装置では、骨に超音波を透過させた場合における減衰や周波数変化から骨を評価する指標が演算されている。ただし、その装置では骨内部の構造を画像化することは行われていない。
【0005】
従来の超音波探触子は、超音波振動子、1又は複数の整合層及び音響レンズなどを有するが、ここで、音響レンズは、生体組織(軟組織)の音響インピーダンスに対応した音響インピーダンスを有する部材で構成されている。つまり、従来においては、軟組織との音響整合を主眼に超音波探触子が設計されていた。
【0006】
本発明は、上記従来の課題に鑑みなされたものであり、その目的は、硬組織の超音波診断を行うための超音波探触子を提供することにある。
【0007】
本発明は、露出した硬組織に直接当接して用いられる超音波探触子を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明は、硬組織の表面に当接して超音波診断を行うための超音波探触子であって、超音波の送受波を行う超音波振動子と、前記超音波振動子の硬組織側に設けられ、硬組織に対応した音響インピーダンスを有する部材で構成された音響整合部材と、を含むことを特徴とする。
【0009】
上記構成によれば、音響整合部材を介して超音波振動子が硬組織の表面に当接され、その状態で超音波の送受波が行われ、これにより硬組織の超音波診断が実行される。
【0010】
望ましくは、前記音響整合部材は着脱自在である。音響整合部材を硬組織用の他に、軟組織用も用意しておけば、その交換により硬組織及び軟組織の両方の超音波診断を行える。また、音響整合部材の装着により、診断対象を軟組織から硬組織に切り換えるようにしてもよく、それとは逆に音響整合部材の装着により診断対象を硬組織から軟組織に切り換えるようにしてもよい。
【0011】
望ましくは、前記超音波振動子に対して前記音響整合部材を当接固定するキャップを含む。また望ましくは、前記超音波振動子を先端部に収容した本体が棒状の形態を有する。
【0012】
また望ましくは、前記硬組織は骨である。骨の音響インピーダンスは個人差もあるが、約3×106kg/m2secであり、上記の音響整合部材の音響インピーダンスは骨の音響インピーダンスに一致させるか、その値と超音波振動子の音響インピーダンスとの中間に設定するのが望ましい。
【0013】
本発明に係る超音波探触子は、従来の関節鏡に代替するものとして、またその関節鏡と併用されるものとして利用することができる。この場合、望ましくは、超音波探触子の先端部の直径は例えば15mm以下に設定され、超音波の中心周波数は10〜15MHの範囲内に設定される。超音波探触子の先端部を細径化し、穿刺を行って超音波診断を行うようにしてもよい。
【0014】
上記超音波振動子は単振動子であってもよく、その場合にはMモード表示などを行うのが好適である。上記超音波振動子をアレイ振動子とすれば超音波ビームの走査を行って硬組織の二次元断層画像(Bモード画像)を表示できる。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の好適な実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
【0016】
図1には、本発明に係る超音波探触子の使用例が示されている。この超音波探触子は硬組織診断用の超音波探触子であり、具体的には骨(特に関節)の超音波診断を行うための超音波探触子である。
【0017】
図1において、生体10は例えば人間の足であり、その膝部分が切開され、関節としての骨12が露出している。切開により形成された切開口11を介して超音波探触子14の先端部が生体内に挿入され、その先端部が骨12の表面に当接される。この状態で超音波パルスの送波が行われ、骨12に対する直接的な超音波診断が実行される。
【0018】
超音波探触子14は、ケーブル18によって超音波診断装置本体に接続されており、その超音波診断装置本体には骨のMモード画像やBモード画像などが表示される。もちろん、画像表示によらずに数値表示などを行うようにしてもよい。
【0019】
図1に示されるように、超音波探触子14は本実施形態において、ペンシルタイプすなわち棒状の形態を有しており、手16によって例えば筆記具のように把持することが可能である。切開口11内にその先端部を挿入する必要があるため、探触子14の先端部の外径は例えば15mm以下に設定するのが望ましい。もちろん、その先端部の外径を1mm程度に構成すれば、穿刺を行って骨の超音波診断を行うことが可能となる。
【0020】
このような超音波探触子14は従来の関節鏡に代わって用いられ、そのような関節鏡と共に使用される。
【0021】
図2には、図1に示した超音波探触子14の分解斜視図が示されている。超音波探触子14の先端部には振動子20が設けられている。この振動子20は例えばPZTなどによって構成されるものであり、その振動子20はバッキング層を兼ねるベース22によって支持されている。振動子20の前方すなわち超音波送受波側には音響整合部材としての1つ(又は複数の)音響カプラ26が設けられ、その音響カプラ26はキャップ28によって超音波探触子14の先端部に着脱自在に固定される。キャップ28には開口30が形成され、そのキャップ28は先端部に装着した状態では、音響カプラ26の前面側が外部に露出する。振動子20は図示されるように本体長手方向の前方に対して超音波の送受波を行う。
【0022】
ここで、音響カプラ26は骨の超音波診断を行うために骨の音響インピーダンスと同等の音響インピーダンスを有しており、あるいは、骨の音響インピーダンスと振動子20の音響インピーダンスの中間の音響インピーダンスを有している。このようなインピーダンス設定によれば、振動子20にて生じた超音波を効率的に骨に放射することができ、また骨からの超音波を効率的に受波することが可能となる。
【0023】
本実施形態においては、音響カプラ26が図示されるように着脱自在に構成されているため、軟組織の診断すなわち通常の超音波診断を行う場合には、その音響カプラ26を骨診断用のものから軟組織診断用のものへ取り代えることによって当該軟組織の超音波診断を実現することが可能となる。もちろん、複数の音響カプラを重ね合わせて用い、それらの組合せによって硬組織あるいは軟組織の診断を行うようにしてもよい。
【0024】
ちなみに、図2に示されるようにキャップ28には位置決め用の溝28Aが形成されており、その溝28Aは超音波探触子14の先端部に形成された突起24と係合する。
【0025】
図3には、超音波探触子の先端部の断面が示されており、上述したようにキャップ28を先端部に装着した状態では、当該キャップ28によって音響カプラ26が振動子20の前面側に密着固定される。音響カプラ26の生体側の表面はキャップ28の開口から外部に露出しており、そのような表面が骨に対して直接的に当接され、上述した超音波診断が実行される。
【0026】
ちなみに、上記超音波探触子においては単振動子としての振動子20が用いられていたが、そのような単振動子に代えてアレイ振動子を配置し、超音波ビームの電子走査によって二次元のデータ取込領域を形成するようにしてもよい。また、いわゆるマトリクス型の二次元アレイ振動子を設ければ、超音波ビームを三次元走査することも可能となる。
【0027】
なお、上述した本実施形態に係る超音波探触子によれば、図1に示したように切開口11に挿入される先端部がキャップ28及び音響カプラ26を含み、それらの生体の体液に汚染される部材が着脱自在であるので、当該部材をディスポーザブルタイプとして利用することも可能である。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、硬組織の超音波診断を行うことが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明に係る超音波探触子の使用例を示す図である。
【図2】 本発明に係る超音波探触子の分解斜視図である。
【図3】 各図に示した超音波振動子の先端部の断面図である。
【符号の説明】
10 生体、11 切開口、12 骨、14 超音波探触子、18 ケーブル、20 振動子、22 ベース、26 音響カプラ、28 キャップ。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an ultrasonic probe for hard tissue diagnosis, and more particularly to a probe for ultrasonic diagnosis of hard tissues such as bones (for example, joints) and teeth.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems]
In ultrasonic diagnosis, an ultrasonic probe is brought into contact with the body surface, and ultrasonic waves are transmitted and received in this state. In some cases, an ultrasonic probe is inserted into a body cavity such as a blood vessel or urethra to perform an ultrasonic diagnosis.
[0003]
In the tomographic image formed by the ultrasonic diagnosis as described above, the inside of the bone is so-called blackened and is not imaged. This is because the difference in acoustic impedance between the bone and the surrounding tissue is very large, and a strong reflection of ultrasound occurs at the boundary. Therefore, conventionally, it is common knowledge in this field that it is difficult to image the inside of a bone with ultrasonic waves.
[0004]
However, it is possible to transmit ultrasonic waves to the bone itself. For example, in a bone evaluation apparatus, an index for evaluating a bone is calculated from attenuation or frequency change when ultrasonic waves are transmitted through the bone. However, the device does not image the structure inside the bone.
[0005]
A conventional ultrasonic probe includes an ultrasonic transducer, one or a plurality of matching layers, and an acoustic lens. Here, the acoustic lens has an acoustic impedance corresponding to the acoustic impedance of a living tissue (soft tissue). It is composed of members. In other words, conventionally, an ultrasonic probe has been designed mainly for acoustic matching with soft tissue.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and an object thereof is to provide an ultrasonic probe for performing ultrasonic diagnosis of hard tissue.
[0007]
An object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic probe that is used in direct contact with an exposed hard tissue.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an ultrasonic probe for performing ultrasonic diagnosis in contact with the surface of a hard tissue, an ultrasonic transducer for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves, And an acoustic matching member that is provided on the hard tissue side of the ultrasonic transducer and is configured by a member having an acoustic impedance corresponding to the hard tissue.
[0009]
According to the above configuration, the ultrasonic transducer is brought into contact with the surface of the hard tissue via the acoustic matching member, and ultrasonic transmission / reception is performed in this state, thereby performing ultrasonic diagnosis of the hard tissue. .
[0010]
Preferably, the acoustic matching member is detachable. If the acoustic matching member is prepared not only for hard tissue but also for soft tissue, ultrasonic diagnosis of both hard tissue and soft tissue can be performed by replacement thereof. In addition, the diagnosis target may be switched from soft tissue to hard tissue by mounting the acoustic matching member, and conversely, the diagnosis target may be switched from hard tissue to soft tissue by mounting the acoustic matching member.
[0011]
Preferably, a cap for abutting and fixing the acoustic matching member to the ultrasonic transducer is included. Desirably, the main body in which the ultrasonic transducer is housed in the tip has a rod-like form.
[0012]
Desirably, the hard tissue is a bone. Although the acoustic impedance of the bone varies depending on the individual, it is about 3 × 10 6 kg / m 2 sec. The acoustic impedance of the acoustic matching member matches the acoustic impedance of the bone, or the value of the acoustic transducer It is desirable to set it in the middle of the acoustic impedance.
[0013]
The ultrasonic probe according to the present invention can be used as a substitute for a conventional arthroscope or as a joint with the arthroscope. In this case, desirably, the diameter of the tip of the ultrasonic probe is set to 15 mm or less, for example, and the center frequency of the ultrasonic wave is set to a range of 10 to 15 MH. Ultrasonic diagnosis may be performed by reducing the diameter of the tip of the ultrasonic probe and performing puncture.
[0014]
The ultrasonic transducer may be a single transducer. In that case, it is preferable to perform M-mode display or the like. If the ultrasonic transducer is an array transducer, a two-dimensional tomographic image (B-mode image) of the hard tissue can be displayed by scanning the ultrasonic beam.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0016]
FIG. 1 shows an example of use of an ultrasonic probe according to the present invention. This ultrasonic probe is an ultrasonic probe for diagnosing hard tissue, and specifically, an ultrasonic probe for performing ultrasonic diagnosis of bones (particularly joints).
[0017]
In FIG. 1, a living body 10 is, for example, a human foot, and a knee portion thereof is incised, and a bone 12 as a joint is exposed. The distal end portion of the ultrasonic probe 14 is inserted into the living body through the incision 11 formed by the incision, and the distal end portion comes into contact with the surface of the bone 12. In this state, ultrasonic pulses are transmitted, and direct ultrasonic diagnosis for the bone 12 is executed.
[0018]
The ultrasonic probe 14 is connected to the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus main body by a cable 18, and an M-mode image, a B-mode image, and the like of bone are displayed on the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus main body. Of course, numerical display or the like may be performed without depending on the image display.
[0019]
As shown in FIG. 1, the ultrasonic probe 14 has a pencil type, that is, a rod-like shape in the present embodiment, and can be held by a hand 16 like a writing instrument, for example. Since it is necessary to insert the tip portion into the cut opening 11, the outer diameter of the tip portion of the probe 14 is desirably set to 15 mm or less, for example. Of course, if the outer diameter of the distal end portion is configured to be about 1 mm, puncture can be performed and ultrasonic diagnosis of the bone can be performed.
[0020]
Such an ultrasonic probe 14 is used in place of a conventional arthroscope and is used with such an arthroscope.
[0021]
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the ultrasonic probe 14 shown in FIG. A transducer 20 is provided at the tip of the ultrasonic probe 14. The vibrator 20 is made of, for example, PZT, and the vibrator 20 is supported by a base 22 that also serves as a backing layer. One (or a plurality of) acoustic couplers 26 as acoustic matching members are provided in front of the transducer 20, that is, on the ultrasonic wave transmitting / receiving side, and the acoustic coupler 26 is attached to the distal end portion of the ultrasonic probe 14 by a cap 28. Removably fixed. An opening 30 is formed in the cap 28, and the front side of the acoustic coupler 26 is exposed to the outside when the cap 28 is attached to the tip. As shown in the figure, the transducer 20 transmits and receives ultrasonic waves to the front in the longitudinal direction of the main body.
[0022]
Here, the acoustic coupler 26 has an acoustic impedance equivalent to the acoustic impedance of the bone in order to perform an ultrasonic diagnosis of the bone, or an acoustic impedance intermediate between the acoustic impedance of the bone and the acoustic impedance of the transducer 20. Have. According to such impedance setting, it is possible to efficiently radiate ultrasonic waves generated by the transducer 20 to the bone, and to efficiently receive ultrasonic waves from the bone.
[0023]
In the present embodiment, the acoustic coupler 26 is configured to be detachable as shown in the figure. Therefore, when performing soft tissue diagnosis, that is, normal ultrasonic diagnosis, the acoustic coupler 26 is used for bone diagnosis. By replacing it with one for soft tissue diagnosis, ultrasonic diagnosis of the soft tissue can be realized. Of course, a plurality of acoustic couplers may be used in an overlapping manner, and a combination of these may be used to diagnose hard tissue or soft tissue.
[0024]
Incidentally, as shown in FIG. 2, the cap 28 is formed with a positioning groove 28 </ b> A, and the groove 28 </ b> A engages with a protrusion 24 formed at the distal end portion of the ultrasonic probe 14.
[0025]
FIG. 3 shows a cross section of the distal end portion of the ultrasonic probe. When the cap 28 is attached to the distal end portion as described above, the acoustic coupler 26 is moved to the front side of the transducer 20 by the cap 28. It is closely fixed to. The surface on the living body side of the acoustic coupler 26 is exposed to the outside through the opening of the cap 28, and such a surface is brought into direct contact with the bone, and the above-described ultrasonic diagnosis is executed.
[0026]
Incidentally, the transducer 20 as a single transducer is used in the ultrasonic probe, but an array transducer is arranged in place of such a single transducer and two-dimensional is obtained by electronic scanning of the ultrasonic beam. The data fetch area may be formed. If a so-called matrix-type two-dimensional array transducer is provided, it is possible to perform three-dimensional scanning with an ultrasonic beam.
[0027]
In addition, according to the ultrasonic probe according to the above-described embodiment, the distal end portion inserted into the incision 11 includes the cap 28 and the acoustic coupler 26 as shown in FIG. Since the contaminated member is detachable, the member can be used as a disposable type.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to perform an ultrasonic diagnosis of a hard tissue.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of use of an ultrasonic probe according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of an ultrasonic probe according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the tip of the ultrasonic transducer shown in each figure.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 living body, 11 incision, 12 bone, 14 ultrasonic probe, 18 cable, 20 transducer, 22 base, 26 acoustic coupler, 28 cap.

Claims (3)

切開口を介して挿入される先端部を備えた棒状の本体を有し、切開口から露出した骨としての関節の表面に当接して超音波診断を行うための超音波探触子であって、
前記先端部に設けられ、本体長手方向の前方に対して超音波の送受波を行う単振動子としての超音波振動子と、
前記先端部において前記超音波振動子の前方に設けられ、骨の音響インピーダンスと同様の音響インピーダンス、又は、前記超音波振動子の音響インピーダンスと前記骨の音響インピーダンスの中間の音響インピーダンスを有する部材で構成された硬組織診断用音響整合部材と、
を含み、
前記棒状の本体を筆記具のように把持して前記切開口へ前記先端部を挿入し、前記先端部を前記関節に直接当接した状態で前記関節の超音波診断を行い得る、ことを特徴とする硬組織診断用超音波探触子。
An ultrasonic probe for performing ultrasonic diagnosis by contacting a surface of a joint as a bone exposed from an incision, having a rod-shaped main body with a tip inserted through the incision ,
An ultrasonic transducer as a single transducer that is provided at the tip and transmits and receives ultrasonic waves to the front in the longitudinal direction of the main body ;
A member provided in front of the ultrasonic transducer at the distal end and having an acoustic impedance similar to the acoustic impedance of the bone , or an acoustic impedance intermediate between the acoustic impedance of the ultrasonic transducer and the acoustic impedance of the bone An acoustic matching member for hard tissue diagnosis configured,
Only including,
The rod-shaped main body is grasped like a writing instrument, the tip portion is inserted into the incision, and ultrasonic diagnosis of the joint can be performed in a state where the tip portion is in direct contact with the joint. Ultrasonic probe for hard tissue diagnosis.
請求項1記載の超音波探触子において、
前記硬組織診断用音響整合部材に代えて利用される軟組織診断用音響整合部材を更に含むことを特徴とする硬組織診断用超音波探触子。
The ultrasonic probe according to claim 1,
An ultrasonic probe for hard tissue diagnosis , further comprising an acoustic matching member for soft tissue diagnosis used in place of the acoustic matching member for hard tissue diagnosis.
請求項2記載の超音波探触子において、
前記超音波振動子に対して前記硬組織診断用音響整合部材又は前記軟組織診断用音響整合部材を当接固定するキャップを含むことを特徴とする硬組織診断用超音波探触子。
The ultrasonic probe according to claim 2,
An ultrasonic probe for hard tissue diagnosis, comprising a cap for abutting and fixing the acoustic matching member for hard tissue diagnosis or the acoustic matching member for soft tissue diagnosis to the ultrasonic transducer.
JP2000337677A 2000-11-06 2000-11-06 Ultrasonic probe for hard tissue diagnosis Expired - Fee Related JP4598257B2 (en)

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KR102174348B1 (en) * 2018-10-15 2020-11-04 한국과학기술연구원 System for measuring properties of soft tissue quantitatively

Citations (4)

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JPS60234646A (en) * 1984-05-07 1985-11-21 松下電器産業株式会社 Ultrasonic probe
JPS61288840A (en) * 1985-06-14 1986-12-19 古田 直樹 Applicator for ultrasonic probe
JPH05146429A (en) * 1991-06-28 1993-06-15 Showa Netsugaku Kogyo Kk Diagnostic ultrasonic sensor
JPH05269134A (en) * 1992-03-24 1993-10-19 Fuji Photo Optical Co Ltd Ultrasonic probe guide device

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JP2664631B2 (en) * 1994-02-08 1997-10-15 アロカ株式会社 Ultrasonic probe
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60234646A (en) * 1984-05-07 1985-11-21 松下電器産業株式会社 Ultrasonic probe
JPS61288840A (en) * 1985-06-14 1986-12-19 古田 直樹 Applicator for ultrasonic probe
JPH05146429A (en) * 1991-06-28 1993-06-15 Showa Netsugaku Kogyo Kk Diagnostic ultrasonic sensor
JPH05269134A (en) * 1992-03-24 1993-10-19 Fuji Photo Optical Co Ltd Ultrasonic probe guide device

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