JP4594748B2 - Dam sediment removal support method and dam sediment removal support system - Google Patents

Dam sediment removal support method and dam sediment removal support system Download PDF

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JP4594748B2
JP4594748B2 JP2005011128A JP2005011128A JP4594748B2 JP 4594748 B2 JP4594748 B2 JP 4594748B2 JP 2005011128 A JP2005011128 A JP 2005011128A JP 2005011128 A JP2005011128 A JP 2005011128A JP 4594748 B2 JP4594748 B2 JP 4594748B2
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sand
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fine sand
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JP2006200168A (en
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末夫 信友
憲彬 宮山
章三 和田
正之 楠見
信雄 宗守
耕一 渡辺
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Taisei Corp
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本発明は、ダム堆砂除去支援方法およびダム堆砂除去支援システム、すなわちダムの上流に堆積した土砂(以下、「堆砂」という。)の除去を支援する方法およびそのシステムに関する。 The present invention relates to a dam sediment removal support method and a dam sediment removal support system, that is, a method and system for supporting the removal of sediment deposited in the upstream of a dam (hereinafter referred to as “sediment”).

従来のダム堆砂除去方法としては、ダム貯水池に浮かぶ作業基地と、作業基地に取り付けられた吸い込み管と、ダム堤体下流に設置された放水部と、吸い込み管と放水部とを練通する排砂管と、排砂管を浮かせるためのフロートと、水中ポンプとを備える堆積土排出装置を用いて、サイフォンの原理によってダム貯水池内の堆砂を吸い上げ、それをダム堤体下流に放流する方法が開示されている(例えば特許文献1参照)。   As a conventional dam sediment removal method, the work base floating in the dam reservoir, the suction pipe attached to the work base, the water discharge section installed downstream of the dam body, the suction pipe and the water discharge section are trained. Using a sediment discharge device equipped with a sand drain pipe, a float to float the sand drain pipe, and an underwater pump, the sediment in the dam reservoir is sucked up by the principle of siphon and discharged downstream of the dam body. A method is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 1).

また、ダムの堤体に排砂ゲートを設け、ダム貯水池の水位を低下させた後、当該排砂ゲートを開放することにより、水流の力によって堆砂を排出することが行われている(例えば特許文献2参照)。   In addition, a sand discharge gate is provided in the dam body, and after lowering the level of the dam reservoir, the sand discharge gate is opened to discharge sediment by the force of water flow (for example, Patent Document 2).

また、川をダムでせき止めて造った貯水池の上流に堰を設け、堰の上流とダムの下流とをバイパス水路トンネル(「排砂バイパストンネル」ともいう。)で連通させ、上流からの流送土砂をダムを迂回してダム下流に放流する貯水池の排砂方法が開示されている(例えば特許文献3参照)。かかる方法では、堰内およびその上流域に土砂を一時的にためてバイパス水路トンネルに徐々に流入してダムの下流へ放流するようになっている。
特開平9−21127号公報(段落0015−0024、図1) 特開2003−261924号公報(段落0011−0012、図1) 特開2001−73349号公報(段落0005、図1)
In addition, a weir is installed upstream of the reservoir constructed by damming the river with a dam, and the upstream of the weir and the downstream of the dam are connected by a bypass channel tunnel (also referred to as a “sand discharge bypass tunnel”), and the river is sent from upstream. A method of draining sand in a reservoir that discharges earth and sand around the dam to the downstream of the dam has been disclosed (see, for example, Patent Document 3). In such a method, sediment is temporarily accumulated in the weir and its upstream area, gradually flowing into the bypass channel tunnel and discharged downstream of the dam.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-21127 (paragraphs 0015-0024, FIG. 1) Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2003-261924 (paragraphs 0011-0012, FIG. 1) JP 2001-73349 A (paragraph 0005, FIG. 1)

しかしながら、サイフォンの原理によってダム貯水池内の堆砂を吸い上げ、ダム堤体下流に放流する方法では、粒径の大きな堆砂(砂礫)を吸い上げて下流に放流することができず、ダム貯水池内に粒径の大きな堆砂が残ってしてしまうことがあった。また、仮に、大規模な設備を製造して粒径の大きな堆砂をダムの下流に放流すると、粒径の大きな堆砂は流下し難いことから、ダム堤体下流の河川の河床が上昇し、洪水の危険性が増大してしまうという問題があった。   However, in the method of sucking up sediment in the dam reservoir and discharging it to the downstream of the dam dam body according to the principle of siphon, it is not possible to suck up large sediment (sand gravel) and discharge it downstream. In some cases, large sediment particles remained. In addition, if a large-scale facility is manufactured and sediment with a large particle size is discharged downstream of the dam, the sediment of the large particle size is difficult to flow down, so the river bed of the river downstream of the dam body rises. There was a problem that the risk of flooding increased.

一方、排砂ゲートによる堆砂の放流は、堆砂を除去できる範囲がダム堤体の直上流付近に限定されているため、特許文献2に記載されているような特殊な方法を用いなければ、ダム貯水池の上流端に堆積する堆砂(砂礫)を排出することができず、粒径の大きな堆砂を除去することが困難であった。   On the other hand, the discharge of the sediment by the sand discharge gate is limited to the immediate upstream of the dam dam body because the range in which the sediment can be removed is limited to using a special method as described in Patent Document 2. Therefore, it was difficult to remove the sediment (sand gravel) accumulated at the upstream end of the dam reservoir, and it was difficult to remove the sediment with a large particle size.

また、バイパス水路トンネルを用いた方法では、貯水池の上流に設けた堰で粒径の大きい土砂を沈降させ、粒径の小さい土砂だけを放流するため、粒径の大きい土砂を排出することができなかった。   In addition, in the method using the bypass channel tunnel, sediment with a large particle size is settled by a weir provided upstream of the reservoir and only the sediment with a small particle size is discharged, so that the sediment with a large particle size can be discharged. There wasn't.

本発明はこれらの問題に鑑みて創案されたものであり、大きな粒径の堆砂も除去可能であるとともに、ダム堤体下流の河川の河床が上昇し難いダム堆砂除去支援方法およびダム堆砂除去支援システムを提供することを課題とする。 The present invention was devised in view of these problems, and is capable of removing sediment having a large particle size, and is also capable of removing a dam sediment removal support method and a dam sediment, in which a river bed downstream of a dam dam body is unlikely to rise. The object is to provide a sand removal support system.

請求項1に係る発明は、ダム貯水池内の堆砂を採取する堆砂採取工程と、採取した堆砂を粉砕して細砂を生成する堆砂粉砕工程と、前記細砂を前記ダムの排砂設備の上流側に放流する細砂放流工程と、を含むダム堆砂除去支援方法である。 The invention according to claim 1 includes a sediment collection step of collecting sediment in a dam reservoir, a sediment sand grinding step of pulverizing the collected sediment to generate fine sand, and discharging the fine sand to the dam. A method for supporting the removal of dam sediment including a fine sand discharge process for discharging to the upstream side of a sand facility.

かかる方法によれば、採取した堆砂を粉砕して細砂にしてからダムの排砂設備の上流側に放流することから、ダム貯水池に溜まった大きな粒径の堆砂の除去を支援することができる。また、粒径が小さくなるので河川を流下しやすくなり、ダム堤体下流の河川の河床が上昇しにくい。なお、「細砂」は、土の粒径区分でいうところの細砂(粒径75μm〜425μm)を意味するものではなく、ここでは単に細かく砕いた堆砂を意味する。 According to this method, the collected sand is crushed into fine sand, and then discharged upstream of the dam sand discharge facility, thus supporting the removal of large-size sediment accumulated in the dam reservoir. Can do. Moreover, since the particle size is small, it is easy to flow down the river, and the river bed of the river downstream of the dam dam body is difficult to rise. “Fine sand” does not mean fine sand (particle diameter 75 μm to 425 μm) in the particle size classification of the soil, but simply means finely crushed sediment.

また、「河川」とは、主にダム堤体下流の河川であるが、例えばダムに排砂ゲートが設けられている場合には、排砂ゲート近くのダム貯水池内に細砂を放流してもよい。かかる場合には、ダム貯水池も「河川」の一部に含まれる。また、ダムに排砂バイパストンネルが設けられている場合には、当該ダム貯水池内に設けられた排砂バイパストンネルの呑口に細砂を放流してもよい。すなわち、これらの場合には、ダム堤体に設けられた排砂ゲートやダム上流に設けられた排砂バイパストンネル等の排砂設備を介して細砂が河川に放流されることとなる。   “River” is a river mainly downstream of the dam body. For example, if a dam has a sand discharge gate, the fine sand is discharged into the dam reservoir near the sand discharge gate. Also good. In such a case, the dam reservoir is also included as part of the “river”. In addition, when the dam is provided with a sand discharge bypass tunnel, fine sand may be discharged to the mouth of the sand discharge bypass tunnel provided in the dam reservoir. That is, in these cases, fine sand is discharged into the river through a sand discharge facility such as a sand discharge gate provided in the dam body and a sand discharge bypass tunnel provided upstream of the dam.

請求項2に係る発明は、請求項1に記載のダム堆砂除去支援方法であって、前記堆砂粉砕工程は、前記河川の河口に到達可能、かつ、河口付近の海岸部に堆積可能な粒径に、前記堆砂を粉砕することを特徴とする。 The invention according to claim 2 is the dam sediment removal support method according to claim 1, wherein the sediment crushing step can reach the estuary of the river and can be deposited on a coastal area near the estuary. The sediment is pulverized to a particle size.

ここで、「河川の河口に到達可能、かつ、河口付近の海岸部に堆積可能な粒径」とは、例えば河口付近の海岸部に堆積している土砂の粒度を測定することにより求めることができる。   Here, “the particle size that can reach the river mouth and can be deposited on the coast near the river mouth” is obtained by measuring the particle size of the sediment deposited on the coast near the river mouth, for example. it can.

かかる方法によれば、採取した堆砂を、河川の河口に到達可能、かつ、河口付近の海岸部に堆積可能な粒径に粉砕するため、粒径の大きな堆砂でも処理することができる。そのため、ダム貯水池内の粒径の大きな堆砂の除去が可能となる。また、採取した堆砂を、河川の河口に到達可能、かつ、河口付近の海岸部に堆積可能な粒径に粉砕するため、かかる細砂をダム堤体下流の河川に放流しても河床に堆積せずに速やかに流下する。そのため、ダム堤体下流の河川の河床が上昇し難くなる。
さらに、河口から海に到達した細砂は、沿岸流や波浪によって海岸に漂着して堆積する。そのため、砂浜に養浜材として砂が供給されることとなり、海岸の浸食の抑制あるいは海岸の回復を図ることができる。
According to this method, the collected sediment is pulverized to a particle size that can reach the river mouth and can be deposited on the coast near the river mouth, so that even a large sand particle can be treated. Therefore, it is possible to remove sediment with a large particle size in the dam reservoir. In addition, since the collected sediment is crushed to a particle size that can reach the river mouth and can be deposited on the coast near the river mouth, the fine sand is discharged into the river downstream of the dam body to the river bed. It flows down quickly without accumulating. Therefore, it is difficult for the riverbed downstream of the dam body to rise.
Furthermore, fine sand that reaches the sea from the estuary drifts and accumulates on the coast due to coastal currents and waves. Therefore, sand is supplied to the sand beach as a nourishing material, and coastal erosion can be suppressed or the coast can be recovered.

請求項3に係る発明は、請求項1に記載のダム堆砂除去支援方法であって、前記堆砂粉砕工程は、粒径0.2mm以上の堆砂を、粒径0.1mm〜0.2mmの範囲に粉砕することを特徴とする。 The invention according to claim 3 is the dam sediment removal support method according to claim 1, wherein the sediment pulverization step is performed by depositing sediment having a particle diameter of 0.2 mm or more with a particle diameter of 0.1 mm to 0.00. It is characterized by crushing to a range of 2 mm.

発明者らの研究によれば、細砂の粒径を0.1mm〜0.2mm程度にすると、多くの河川で河口に到達可能、かつ、河口付近の海岸部に堆積可能となることが確認された。
したがって、堆砂に含まれる粒径0.1mm〜0.2mmの範囲の土砂を増加させることにより、河床に堆積する土砂を減らすことができる。また、海岸部に堆積する土砂を増加させることができる。そのため、粒径の大きな堆砂を処理することができるとともに、ダム堤体下流の河床を上昇し難くすることができる。さらには、海岸の浸食の抑制あるいは海岸の回復を図ることができる。
According to the research by the inventors, it is confirmed that when the particle size of the fine sand is about 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm, it can reach the estuary in many rivers and can be deposited on the coast near the estuary. It was done.
Therefore, the sediment deposited on the river bed can be reduced by increasing the sediment in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm in particle size contained in the sediment. Moreover, the sediment deposited on the coast can be increased. Therefore, sediment with a large particle size can be treated, and the river bed downstream of the dam body can be made difficult to rise. Furthermore, coastal erosion can be suppressed or coastal recovery can be achieved.

請求項4に係る発明は、請求項1に記載のダム堆砂除去支援方法であって、前記堆砂粉砕工程は、前記ダムが構築されている河川の河口付近の海岸部に堆積している土砂の粒度分布と前記細砂の粒度分布とが近似するように、前記堆砂を粉砕することを特徴とする。 The invention according to claim 4 is the dam sediment removal support method according to claim 1, wherein the sediment pulverization step is deposited on a coastal area near an estuary of a river where the dam is constructed. The sedimentation is pulverized so that the particle size distribution of earth and sand approximates the particle size distribution of the fine sand.

かかる方法によれば、堆砂を粉砕して生成した細砂の粒度分布を、前記ダムが構築されている河川の河口付近の海岸部に堆積している土砂の粒度分布に近似させることから、河川に放流された細砂は、河口まで流下するとともに河口付近の海岸に堆積することとなる。そのため、河床が上昇することがなく、また、海岸の浸食の抑制あるいは海岸の回復を図ることができる。   According to such a method, since the particle size distribution of fine sand generated by crushing sediment is approximated to the particle size distribution of sediment deposited near the estuary of the river where the dam is constructed, The fine sand released into the river flows down to the estuary and accumulates on the coast near the estuary. Therefore, the riverbed does not rise, and coastal erosion can be suppressed or the coastal can be restored.

ここで、「河口に堆積している土砂の粒度分布と細砂の粒度分布とが近似する」とは、粒度分布図を描いたときにそれぞれの粒径加積曲線の形状が近似することをいう。近似するか否かの判断は、例えば、それぞれの粒径加積曲線の通過率50%に対応する粒径D50を計算し、この値の差が所定範囲内に収まるか否かによって行うこと等が考えられる。 Here, "the particle size distribution of the sediment deposited in the estuary and the particle size distribution of the fine sand approximate" means that the shape of each particle size accumulation curve is approximated when drawing the particle size distribution diagram. Say. The determination of whether to approximate is performed, for example, by calculating the particle size D 50 corresponding to the passing rate 50% of each particle size accumulation curve and determining whether or not the difference between these values falls within a predetermined range. Etc. are considered.

請求項5に係る発明は、請求項4に記載のダム堆砂除去支援方法であって、前記ダムが構築されている河川の河口付近の海岸部に堆積している土砂の粒度分布を測定する粒度分布測定工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする。 The invention according to claim 5 is the dam sediment removal support method according to claim 4, wherein the particle size distribution of the sediment deposited on the coast near the mouth of the river where the dam is constructed is measured. The method further includes a particle size distribution measuring step.

かかる方法によれば、ダムが構築されている河川の河口付近の海岸部に堆積している土砂の粒度分布を測定し、堆砂を粉砕して生成した細砂の粒度分布が当該粒度分布に近似するように、採取した堆砂を粉砕することから、細砂を河川に放流しても河床が上昇し難い。また、当該細砂は、河川を流下し易いうえに海岸に堆積し易い粒径であることから、海岸の浸食の抑制あるいは海岸の回復を図ることができる。   According to this method, the particle size distribution of the sediment deposited on the coastal area near the mouth of the river where the dam is constructed is measured, and the particle size distribution of the fine sand generated by pulverizing the sediment is the particle size distribution. Since the collected sediment is crushed so as to approximate, the riverbed is unlikely to rise even if fine sand is discharged into the river. In addition, since the fine sand has a particle size that is easy to flow down the river and accumulate on the coast, it can suppress coastal erosion or restore the coast.

請求項6に記載のダム堆砂除去支援システムは、ダム貯水池内の堆砂を採取する堆砂採取手段と、採取した堆砂を粉砕して細砂を生成する堆砂粉砕手段と、前記堆砂採取手段から前記堆砂粉砕手段に堆砂を搬送する堆砂搬送手段と、前記堆砂粉砕手段から前記ダムの排砂設備の上流側に細砂を搬送して放流する細砂搬送手段と、を備えることを特徴とする。 The dam sediment removal support system according to claim 6 includes a sediment collection means for collecting sediment in a dam reservoir, a sediment pulverization means for pulverizing the collected sediment to generate fine sand, and the sediment. A sand transporting means for transporting sediment from the sand collecting means to the sand crushing means, and a fine sand transporting means for transporting and discharging fine sand from the sand crushing means to the upstream side of the sand discharge facility of the dam. It is characterized by providing.

また、前記ダム堆砂除去支援システムは、細砂の粒度を調節する粒度調節手段をさらに備えるのが好適である。これにより、例えば細砂の粒度を、ダムが構築されている河川の河口付近の海岸部に堆積している土砂の粒度分布に近似するように調節することができる。 Moreover, it is preferable that the dam sediment removal support system further includes a particle size adjusting means for adjusting the particle size of the fine sand. Thereby, for example, the particle size of fine sand can be adjusted so as to approximate the particle size distribution of the sediment deposited on the coast near the mouth of the river where the dam is constructed.

本発明によれば、大きな粒径の堆砂も除去可能であるとともに、ダム堤体下流の河川の河床が上昇し難いダム堆砂除去支援方法を提供することができる。これにより、ダムの堆砂問題が解消され、ダムの機能(貯水機能や洪水調節機能)を長期間維持することができる。また、ダムの堆砂による海岸の浸食を抑制することができ、さらには海岸の回復を図ることもできる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a dam sediment removal support method that can remove sediment with a large particle diameter and that does not easily raise the riverbed downstream of the dam dam body. Thereby, the sedimentation problem of the dam is solved, and the function of the dam (water storage function and flood control function) can be maintained for a long time. In addition, coastal erosion caused by dam sedimentation can be suppressed, and coastal recovery can be achieved.

本発明を実施するための最良の形態について図面を参照して説明する。説明において、同一の要素には同一の番号を付し、重複する説明は省略する。
図1は、本実施形態に係るダム堆砂除去支援システムを示した概略構成図である。また、図2は、本実施形態に係るダム堆砂除去支援システムが適用されたダムと河川の平面図である。
The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the description, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating a dam sediment removal support system according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a plan view of a dam and a river to which the dam sediment removal support system according to this embodiment is applied.

本実施形態に係るダム堆砂除去支援システム1は、図1、図2に示すように、河川Rに建設されたダムDのダム貯水池Lに堆積した土砂(堆砂T)の除去を支援するシステムであり、堆砂Tを採取する堆砂採取手段たる浚渫船2と、浚渫船2から堆砂Tを搬送する堆砂搬送手段たる堆砂搬送装置3と、堆砂Tを粉砕する堆砂粉砕手段たる堆砂粉砕プラント4と、この堆砂粉砕プラント4から河川Rの一部であるダム貯水池L内に細砂Sを搬送する細砂搬送手段たる細砂搬送装置5と、を備えて構成されている。
また、本実施形態のダムDは、ダム貯水池Lの堆砂Tをダム堤体下流に排出する排砂ゲートDaを備えている。すなわち、ダムDは、排砂ゲートDaを開門することにより、ダムDの直上流付近(図1の計画堆砂領域付近)に堆積している堆砂Tを、水流とともにダムDの下流の河川Rに放流できるようになっている。
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the dam sediment removal support system 1 according to the present embodiment supports the removal of sediment (the sediment T) deposited in the dam reservoir L of the dam D constructed in the river R. The system is a dredger 2 as a sediment collecting means for collecting the sediment T, a sediment transport device 3 as a sediment transport means for transporting the sediment T from the dredger 2, and a sand crushing means for crushing the sediment T And a fine sand transport device 5 as fine sand transport means for transporting the fine sand S from the sediment sand pulverization plant 4 into the dam reservoir L which is a part of the river R. ing.
Moreover, the dam D of this embodiment is provided with the sand discharge gate Da which discharges the sediment T of the dam reservoir L to the dam dam body downstream. In other words, the dam D opens the sand discharge gate Da, and the sediment T accumulated in the vicinity immediately upstream of the dam D (near the planned sedimentation area in FIG. 1) is converted into a river downstream of the dam D along with the water flow. It can be discharged into R.

浚渫船2は、ダム貯水池L内の堆砂Tを採取するものであり、例えばクラムシェルバケットを備えた揚重機などからなる掘削装置2aを備えている。浚渫船2はダム貯水池Lの水面を移動可能になっている。よって、ダム貯水池Lの上流付近に堆積しがちな粒径の大きい堆砂Tを採取することができる。採取された堆砂Tは浚渫船2の上に仮置きされる。浚渫船2には、堆砂搬送装置3が接続されており、堆砂粉砕プラント4に堆砂Tを搬出できるようになっている。   The dredger 2 collects the sediment T in the dam reservoir L, and includes a drilling device 2a composed of, for example, a lifting machine equipped with a clamshell bucket. The dredger 2 can move on the surface of the dam reservoir L. Therefore, it is possible to collect the sediment T having a large particle size that tends to be accumulated near the upstream of the dam reservoir L. The collected sediment T is temporarily placed on the dredger 2. The dredger 2 is connected with a sediment transport device 3 so that the sediment T can be carried out to the sediment crushing plant 4.

堆砂搬送装置3は、浚渫船2が採取した堆砂Tを堆砂粉砕プラント4に搬送する手段であり、例えば加水装置と圧送ポンプ(共に図示省略)と排出管3aとから構成されており、加水された堆砂Tを圧送ポンプで圧送できるようになっている。加水装置と圧送ポンプは、浚渫船2に設置されている。排出管3aにはフロートが取り付けられており、ダム貯水池Lの水面に浮かぶようになっている。浚渫船2が移動した場合には、排出管3aを継ぎ足したり取り外したりして長さを適宜調節するようになっている。
なお、堆砂搬送装置3の構成はこれに限られるものではなく、たとえば運搬台船やベルトコンベアあるいはこれらの組合せなどで構成してもよい。
The sediment transport device 3 is a means for transporting the sediment T collected by the dredger 2 to the sediment crushing plant 4, and is composed of, for example, a water addition device, a pressure pump (both not shown), and a discharge pipe 3a. The water-added sediment T can be pumped with a pump. The hydration device and the pressure feed pump are installed in the dredger 2. A float is attached to the discharge pipe 3a so as to float on the water surface of the dam reservoir L. When the dredger 2 moves, the length is appropriately adjusted by adding or removing the discharge pipe 3a.
In addition, the structure of the sediment transport apparatus 3 is not restricted to this, For example, you may comprise with a carrier ship, a belt conveyor, or these combination.

堆砂粉砕プラント4は、粒径の大きな堆砂Tを所望の粒径に粉砕する手段であり、ダム貯水池Lの周囲の陸地に建設されている。堆砂粉砕プラント4は、例えばボールミルやロッドミルやローラミルなどの粉砕設備を備えている。本実施形態では、堆砂粉砕プラント4は、複数のボールミル、ロッドミル及びローラミルを備えており、搬入された堆砂Tのうち、粒径の大きいものが段階的に粉砕されて、粒径0.1mm〜0.2mm程度になるように調整されている。   The sediment pulverization plant 4 is a means for pulverizing the sediment sediment T having a large particle diameter to a desired particle diameter, and is constructed on the land around the dam reservoir L. The sediment crushing plant 4 includes crushing equipment such as a ball mill, a rod mill, and a roller mill. In the present embodiment, the sediment pulverization plant 4 includes a plurality of ball mills, rod mills, and roller mills, and among the loaded sediment sand T, one having a large particle size is pulverized stepwise to obtain a particle size of 0. 0. It is adjusted to be about 1 mm to 0.2 mm.

粉砕設備の規模は、堆砂Tの必要粉砕量(例えば堆砂Tに含まれる粒径0.2mm以上のものの量)や、設備の設置位置、一日の作業量等によって選定される。また、粉砕設備の周囲には、風雨防寒対策、粉塵飛散防止、および騒音対策として囲いが設けられている。   The scale of the pulverization facility is selected according to the necessary pulverization amount of the sediment T (for example, the amount of particles having a particle size of 0.2 mm or more contained in the sediment T), the installation position of the facility, the daily work amount, and the like. In addition, an enclosure is provided around the pulverization facility as a measure against wind and rain, dust scattering, and noise.

なお、ダム貯水池Lの周囲の陸地に堆砂粉砕プラント4を建設できる適当な土地がない場合には台船を製造してその上に建設してもよい。台船の上に堆砂粉砕プラント4を建設すれば、浚渫船2から堆砂粉砕プラント4までの距離を短くすることができる。そのため、大きな粒径の堆砂Tでも容易に運搬することができる。また、堆砂Tを粉砕したのちに目的地へ搬送できるので、ポンプ圧送による場合でも長い距離を搬送することができる。   If there is no suitable land on the land around the dam reservoir L where the sand crushing plant 4 can be constructed, a trolley may be manufactured and constructed on it. If the sediment crushing plant 4 is constructed on the carriage, the distance from the dredger 2 to the sediment crushing plant 4 can be shortened. Therefore, even the sediment T having a large particle diameter can be easily transported. Moreover, since it can convey to the destination after crushing the sediment T, it can convey a long distance even in the case of pumping.

細砂搬送装置5は、堆砂粉砕プラント4で生成された細砂Sを河川Rに搬送する手段である。本実施形態では、細砂搬送装置5は、ダムDの堤体の直上流に設けた計画堆砂領域Aに細砂Sを搬送している。細砂搬送装置5は、例えば前記した堆砂搬送装置3のように、加水装置と圧送ポンプと排出管とから構成してもよいし、ベルトコンベアなどで構成してもよい。
ここで、計画堆砂領域Aとは、ダムDに設けた排砂設備(排砂ゲートDa)によって堆砂Tを排出可能な領域である。かかる計画堆砂領域Aに細砂Sを堆積させておき、例えば降雨などによる増水時に排砂ゲートDaを開放することで、当該排砂ゲートDaを介して細砂Sが河川Rに放流されることとなる。排砂ゲートDaから排出された細砂Sは、堆砂粉砕プラント4で粉砕されて生成された粒径0.1mm〜0.2mmのものを多く含有しているので、河床Raに堆積することなく河川Rに沿って河口Rbまで流下し、海岸Rcに堆積することとなる。
The fine sand transport device 5 is means for transporting the fine sand S generated in the sediment crushing plant 4 to the river R. In the present embodiment, the fine sand transport device 5 transports the fine sand S to the planned sedimentation area A provided immediately upstream of the dam body of the dam D. The fine sand transport device 5 may be composed of a water adding device, a pressure feed pump and a discharge pipe as in the above-described sediment transport device 3, or may be composed of a belt conveyor or the like.
Here, the planned sedimentation area A is an area where the sedimentation T can be discharged by the sand removal facility (sand discharge gate Da) provided in the dam D. The fine sand S is accumulated in the planned sedimentation area A, and the sand discharge gate Da is opened when the water increases due to rainfall, for example, so that the fine sand S is discharged into the river R through the sand discharge gate Da. It will be. The fine sand S discharged from the sand discharge gate Da contains a large amount of particles having a particle diameter of 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm generated by pulverization in the sedimentation pulverization plant 4, so that it is deposited on the river bed Ra. Instead, it flows down to the river mouth Rb along the river R and accumulates on the coast Rc.

つづいて、ダム堆砂除去支援システム1の動作、すなわちダム堆砂除去支援方法について図1、図2を参照して説明する。 Next, the operation of the dam sediment removal support system 1, that is, the dam sediment removal support method will be described with reference to FIGS.

(堆砂採取工程)
はじめに、浚渫船2の掘削装置2aを用いてダム貯水池L内の堆砂Tを掘削し、堆砂Tを採取する。採取した堆砂Tは、浚渫船2の船上に仮置きする。粒径の大きい堆砂Tも、堆砂粉砕プラント4で粉砕して処理されるため、粒径の大きい堆砂Tも採取することができる。そのため、ダム貯水池L内に粒径の大きい堆砂Tが残存することがなく、ダムDの堆砂Tを効率的に除去することができる。
(Sediment collection process)
First, the sediment T in the dam reservoir L is excavated using the excavator 2a of the dredger 2 and the sediment T is collected. The collected sediment T is temporarily placed on the tugboat 2. Since the sediment T having a large particle size is also pulverized and processed by the sediment grinding plant 4, the sediment T having a large particle size can also be collected. Therefore, the sediment T having a large particle size does not remain in the dam reservoir L, and the sediment T of the dam D can be efficiently removed.

(堆砂搬送工程)
浚渫船2の上に仮置きした堆砂Tを、堆砂搬送装置3を用いて堆砂粉砕プラント4へ搬送する。例えば、加水装置で堆砂Tに加水した後、圧送ポンプで圧送する。圧送された堆砂Tは、排出管3aを通って堆砂粉砕プラント4に搬入される。
(Sediment transport process)
The sediment T temporarily placed on the dredger 2 is conveyed to the sediment crushing plant 4 using the sediment transport device 3. For example, after water is added to the sediment T with a water adding device, it is pumped with a pump. The pumped sediment T is carried into the sediment grinding plant 4 through the discharge pipe 3a.

(堆砂粉砕工程)
堆砂粉砕プラント4に堆砂Tが搬入されると、堆砂Tは、粉砕設備によって粉砕され、細砂Sが生成される。粉砕設備は、堆砂Tのうち、粒径が大きいものを粒径0.1mm〜0.2mm程度に粉砕する。
(Sediment grinding process)
When the sediment T is carried into the sediment sand pulverization plant 4, the sediment T is pulverized by a pulverization facility, and fine sand S is generated. The crushing equipment crushes the sand T having a large particle size to a particle size of about 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm.

(細砂搬送工程)
生成された細砂Sは、細砂搬送装置5によってダムDの直上流に設けた計画堆砂領域Aに搬送され、排砂ゲートDaを介して河川Rに放流される。細砂Sは、粉砕装置によって粒径0.1mm〜0.2mmのものを多く含むように粉砕されているので、河川Rの流れに沿って流下し、河口付近の海岸Rcに堆積する(図2参照)。
(Fine sand transport process)
The generated fine sand S is transported to the planned sedimentation area A provided immediately upstream of the dam D by the fine sand transport device 5 and discharged to the river R through the sand discharge gate Da. Since the fine sand S is pulverized by a pulverizer so as to contain a large amount of particles having a particle diameter of 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm, it flows down along the flow of the river R and accumulates on the coast Rc near the estuary (see FIG. 2).

このように、細砂Sの粒径は、0.1mm〜0.2mm程度に調整されていることから、河川Rの河床Raに細砂Sが堆積しにくく、河床Raが上昇して洪水の危険を招くことがない。また、海岸Rcに細砂Sが堆積するので、海岸Rcの侵食を抑制、あるいは海岸Rcを回復させることができる。   As described above, since the particle size of the fine sand S is adjusted to about 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm, the fine sand S hardly accumulates on the river bed Ra of the river R, and the river bed Ra rises and floods. There is no danger. Further, since the fine sand S accumulates on the coast Rc, the erosion of the coast Rc can be suppressed or the coast Rc can be recovered.

以上、本発明を実施するための好適な実施形態について図面を参照して詳細に説明したが、本発明はかかる実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の主旨を逸脱しない範囲で適宜変更が可能である。 As mentioned above, although preferred embodiment for implementing this invention was described in detail with reference to drawings, this invention is not limited to this embodiment, It changes suitably in the range which does not deviate from the main point of this invention. Is possible.

例えば、本実施形態では、堆砂Tを、その粒径が0.1mm〜0.2mmとなるように粉砕したが、これに限られるものではなく、河口Rbまたは海岸Rcに堆積した土砂の粒度分布を測定し、細砂Sの粒度分布がこれに近似するように、堆砂Tを粉砕するようにしてもよい。   For example, in the present embodiment, the sediment T is pulverized so that the particle size thereof is 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the particle size of the sediment deposited on the estuary Rb or the coast Rc. You may make it grind | pulverize sediment T so that distribution may be measured and the particle size distribution of the fine sand S may approximate this.

具体的には、はじめに、河川Rの河口付近の海岸Rcに堆積している土砂を採取してその粒度分布を測定し(粒度分布測定工程)、かかる粒度分布に基づいて堆砂粉砕プラント4の粉砕設備を調整するのが望ましい。粒度分布の測定は、粒径75μm以上のものについては篩い分け試験により、それ以下の粒径についてはハイドロメータなどを用いることにより分析する。   Specifically, first, earth and sand deposited on the coast Rc near the mouth of the river R are collected, and the particle size distribution is measured (particle size distribution measuring step). Based on the particle size distribution, the sediment crushing plant 4 It is desirable to adjust the grinding equipment. The particle size distribution is measured by a sieving test for those having a particle size of 75 μm or more, and by using a hydrometer or the like for a particle size smaller than that.

また、堆砂粉砕プラント4に、生成した細砂Sの粒度を調整する粒度調整設備を備えるようにしてもよい。すなわち、粒度調整設備は、粉砕設備で生成した細砂Sを粒度ごとに分類し、予め測定しておいた河口付近の海岸Rcに堆積している土砂の粒度分布にあわせて、分類した細砂Sを再度混合するものである。これにより、ダムDが構築されている河川Rの河口付近の海岸Rcに堆積している土砂の粒度分布に近似した粒度分布を有する細砂Sを得ることができる。   Further, the sediment crushing plant 4 may be provided with a particle size adjusting facility for adjusting the particle size of the generated fine sand S. That is, the particle size adjusting equipment classifies the fine sand S generated by the pulverization equipment according to the particle size, and classifies the fine sand according to the particle size distribution of the earth and sand deposited on the coast Rc near the estuary. S is mixed again. Thereby, the fine sand S which has a particle size distribution approximate to the particle size distribution of the earth and sand deposited on the coast Rc near the mouth of the river R where the dam D is constructed can be obtained.

また、本実施形態においては、細砂SをダムDの堤体の直上流に設けた計画堆砂領域Aに放流したが、これに限られるものではない。
例えば、図3に示すように、ダムDが排砂バイパストンネルBを備えている場合には、ダム貯水池Lの上流に設けた排砂バイパストンネルBの呑口Ba付近に細砂Sを放置してもよい。
排砂バイパストンネルBは、ダム堤体の上流と下流とを連通するトンネルであり、ダムDの側方の地山を掘削して構築されている。排砂バイパストンネルBの呑口Baは、図3に示すように、例えばダム貯水池Lの上流に設けられた堰Eのさらに上流に設けられている。また、排砂バイパストンネルBの吐口Bbは、ダムDの堤体の下流に設けられている。堰Eは、洪水時などにダム貯水池Lに流入する土砂をせき止め、一定以上の水および土砂を当該排砂バイパストンネルBの呑口Baに導く設備である。
このような排砂設備がダムDに備えられている場合には、排砂バイパストンネルBの呑口Ba付近に細砂Sを放置することにより、排砂バイパストンネルBを介して、ダム堤体下流に設けた吐口Bbから河川Rに細砂Sが放流されることとなる。
Moreover, in this embodiment, although the fine sand S was discharged to the planned sedimentation area | region A provided immediately upstream of the dam body of the dam D, it is not restricted to this.
For example, as shown in FIG. 3, when the dam D is provided with a sand discharge bypass tunnel B, the fine sand S is left in the vicinity of the mouth Ba of the sand discharge bypass tunnel B provided upstream of the dam reservoir L. Also good.
The sand discharge bypass tunnel B is a tunnel that connects the upstream and downstream of the dam body, and is constructed by excavating a natural ground on the side of the dam D. As shown in FIG. 3, the mouth Ba of the sand discharge bypass tunnel B is provided, for example, further upstream of the weir E provided upstream of the dam reservoir L. Further, the discharge port Bb of the sand discharge bypass tunnel B is provided downstream of the dam body dam body. The weir E is a facility that dams the earth and sand flowing into the dam reservoir L during a flood and the like, and leads a certain amount of water and earth and sand to the mouth Ba of the sand discharge bypass tunnel B.
When such a sand discharge facility is provided in the dam D, the fine sand S is left in the vicinity of the mouth Ba of the sand discharge bypass tunnel B, so that the dam body downstream of the sand discharge bypass tunnel B can be obtained. The fine sand S is discharged into the river R from the spout Bb provided in the water.

なお、ダムDが排砂ゲートDaや排砂バイパストンネルBなどの排砂設備を備えていない場合には、トラックなどの搬送車両を用いてダム堤体下流の河川Rの河床Raに細砂Sを運搬して放置してもよい。かかる場合には、洪水時にのみ浸水する場所に細砂Sを放置する等の方法で、河川Rの水質に大きな影響を与えないよう配慮するのが好適である。   In addition, when the dam D is not equipped with sand discharge facilities, such as the sand discharge gate Da and the sand discharge bypass tunnel B, fine sand S is used for the river bed Ra of the river R downstream of the dam dam body using a transport vehicle such as a truck. May be left unattended. In such a case, it is preferable to take into consideration that the water quality of the river R is not greatly affected by a method such as leaving the fine sand S in a place that is flooded only during a flood.

また、本実施形態においては、掘削装置2aとしてクラムシェルバケットを備えた揚重機を例にとって説明したが、これに限られるものではなく、たとえば圧送ポンプと吸込み管とを用いて堆砂Tを吸い上げてもよい。その他、ダム貯水池Lの水位が低下したときには、バックホーなどの重機を用いて細砂Tを掘削し、ダンプトラックなどに積み込んで、堆砂粉砕プラント4に搬送することも可能である。   In the present embodiment, the hoisting machine including the clamshell bucket is described as an example of the excavator 2a. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the sediment T is sucked up by using a pressure pump and a suction pipe. May be. In addition, when the water level of the dam reservoir L decreases, it is possible to excavate the fine sand T using a heavy machine such as a backhoe, load it on a dump truck, etc., and transport it to the sediment crushing plant 4.

本実施形態に係るダム堆砂除去支援システムを示した概略構成図である。It is the schematic block diagram which showed the dam sediment removal assistance system which concerns on this embodiment. 本実施形態に係るダム堆砂除去支援システムが適用されたダムと河川の平面図である。It is a top view of a dam and a river to which the dam sediment removal support system concerning this embodiment was applied. 本発明に係るダム堆砂除去支援システムを、排砂バイパストンネルを備えるダムに適用した場合を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the case where the dam sediment removal assistance system which concerns on this invention is applied to a dam provided with a sand discharge bypass tunnel.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 ダム堆砂除去支援システム
2 浚渫船
3 堆砂搬送装置
4 堆砂粉砕プラント
5 細砂搬送装置
D ダム
Da 排砂ゲート
L ダム貯水池
R 河川
S 細砂
T 堆砂
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dam sediment removal support system 2 Dredger 3 Sediment conveyance device 4 Sediment grinding plant 5 Fine sand conveyance device D Dam Da Sand discharge gate L Dam reservoir R River S Fine sand T Sediment

Claims (7)

ダム貯水池内の堆砂を採取する堆砂採取工程と、
採取した堆砂を粉砕して細砂を生成する堆砂粉砕工程と、
前記細砂を前記ダムの排砂設備の上流側に放流する細砂放流工程と、を含むダム堆砂除去支援方法。
A sediment collection process to collect sediment in the dam reservoir;
A sand crushing process for crushing the collected sand to produce fine sand;
A dam sediment removal supporting method, comprising: a fine sand discharge step for discharging the fine sand to an upstream side of the dam sand discharge facility.
前記堆砂粉砕工程は、前記河川の河口に到達可能、かつ、河口付近の海岸部に堆積可能な粒径に、前記堆砂を粉砕することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のダム堆砂除去支援方法。 2. The dam sedimentation according to claim 1, wherein the sedimentation step crushes the sediment to a particle size that can reach the estuary of the river and can be deposited on a coastal portion near the estuary. Removal support method. 前記堆砂粉砕工程は、粒径0.2mm以上の堆砂を、粒径0.1mm〜0.2mmの範囲に粉砕することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のダム堆砂除去支援方法。 2. The dam sediment removal support method according to claim 1, wherein in the sediment crushing step, sediment sand having a particle size of 0.2 mm or more is pulverized into a particle size of 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm. 前記堆砂粉砕工程は、前記ダムが構築されている河川の河口付近の海岸部に堆積している土砂の粒度分布と前記細砂の粒度分布とが近似するように、前記堆砂を粉砕することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のダム堆砂除去支援方法。 In the sediment crushing step, the sediment is crushed so that the particle size distribution of the earth and sand deposited on the coast near the mouth of the river where the dam is constructed approximates the particle size distribution of the fine sand. The dam sediment removal support method according to claim 1, wherein: 前記ダムが構築されている河川の河口付近の海岸部に堆積している土砂の粒度分布を測定する粒度分布測定工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項4に記載のダム堆砂除去支援方法。 The dam sediment removal support method according to claim 4, further comprising a particle size distribution measuring step of measuring a particle size distribution of sediment deposited on a coastal area near a river mouth where the dam is constructed. . ダム貯水池内の堆砂を採取する堆砂採取手段と、
採取した堆砂を粉砕して細砂を生成する堆砂粉砕手段と、
前記堆砂採取手段から前記堆砂粉砕手段に堆砂を搬送する堆砂搬送手段と、
前記堆砂粉砕手段から前記ダムの排砂設備の上流側に細砂を搬送して放流する細砂搬送手段と、を備えるダム堆砂除去支援システム。
Sediment collection means for collecting sediment in the dam reservoir;
A sand crushing means for crushing the collected sand to produce fine sand;
Sediment transport means for transporting sediment from the sediment collection means to the sand crushing means;
A dam sediment removal support system comprising: fine sand transport means for transporting and discharging fine sand from the sediment pulverization means to the upstream side of the dam sand discharge facility.
前記細砂の粒度を調節する粒度調節手段をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のダム堆砂除去支援システム。 The dam sediment removal support system according to claim 6, further comprising a particle size adjusting means for adjusting a particle size of the fine sand.
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