JP4578847B2 - Low thermal expansion cast iron - Google Patents
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- JP4578847B2 JP4578847B2 JP2004115871A JP2004115871A JP4578847B2 JP 4578847 B2 JP4578847 B2 JP 4578847B2 JP 2004115871 A JP2004115871 A JP 2004115871A JP 2004115871 A JP2004115871 A JP 2004115871A JP 4578847 B2 JP4578847 B2 JP 4578847B2
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- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 39
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910018505 Ni—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002593 Fe-Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910007981 Si-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910008316 Si—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 0.01 to 1% Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 34
- 229910001374 Invar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- ATTFYOXEMHAYAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nickel Chemical compound [Mg].[Ni] ATTFYOXEMHAYAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Description
本発明は、薄肉鋳物の鋳造に適した、低熱膨張性鋳鉄材に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a low thermal expansion cast iron material suitable for casting a thin casting.
例えば、エレクトロニクスやフォトニクス用の筐体であるとか、取り付け部品、或いは調整機器等は、アルミニウム、真鍮或いは金属と樹脂の複合材料などによって形成されている。しかしこれらの材料は、熱膨張係数が大きく、例えば光軸ずれに敏感なレーザー装置を収める筐体の材料としては適していない。しかも材料の熱膨張係数が大きければ、性能が温度に依存することになり、冷却装置を設けなければならず、そのために全体のコストが押し上げられ、装置としても複雑なものとなる。インバー材やスーパーインバー材を材料とする筐体類も製造されていたが、どちらも５千円／ｋｇ程度と高価であり、さらに鉄塊から削り出しという加工工程を経るため最終のコストは非常に高価なものとなっていた。 For example, a housing for electronics or photonics, a mounting part, an adjustment device, or the like is formed of aluminum, brass, a composite material of metal and resin, or the like. However, these materials have a large coefficient of thermal expansion, and are not suitable as materials for a housing that houses a laser device that is sensitive to optical axis deviation, for example. Moreover, if the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material is large, the performance will depend on the temperature, and a cooling device must be provided, which increases the overall cost and makes the device complex. Cases made of Invar or Super Invar were also manufactured, but both are expensive at around 5,000 yen / kg, and the final cost is very high because of the processing process of cutting out from the iron ingot. It was expensive.
低熱膨張性を有する先行技術に例えば特開２０００−１１９７９３号のものがあり、同号の発明も低温安定性を有する低膨張性鋳鉄を提案している。また特開平６−１７２９１９号の発明は低熱膨張鋳鉄を提案しており、他にも熱膨張率を低く抑制しようとする鋳鉄の発明は少なからず存在するが、それらは質量％で三十数％を超えるニッケルを含むか、或いは相当量のコバルトを含んでおり、ニッケルやコバルトはいずれも高価な方に属する材料であるため、コスト高という問題は依然として解決されないままである。一般に低熱膨張性と認められる熱膨張係数を有し、かつまたニッケルの含有量が三十数％を越えず、コバルトのように高価な材料を使用しない鋳鉄材は提案されていない。
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-119793 discloses a prior art having low thermal expansion, and the invention of the same also proposes low-expansion cast iron having low-temperature stability. The invention of JP-A-6-172919 proposes a low thermal expansion cast iron, although no small invention of cast iron to be suppressed low thermal expansion rate to another, they mass% thirty several% Since nickel or cobalt is a material belonging to an expensive one, nickel and cobalt are included in an expensive one, the problem of high cost still remains unsolved. There has not been proposed a cast iron material having a thermal expansion coefficient generally recognized as low thermal expansion and having a nickel content not exceeding 30% and not using an expensive material such as cobalt.
本発明は前記の点に着目してなされたものであり、その課題は、一般に低熱膨張性と認められる３〜４×10−６以下の熱膨張係数を持ち、かつまたニッケルの含有率が三十数％を越えず、コバルトのように高価な材料を使用しないことによって、低コストという目標を満足することである。本発明において低コストという場合、インバー材の価格を下回るのは勿論、従来の低熱膨張性鋳鉄材よりも低コストであることを意味する。また本発明は、削り出しの工程を必要とせず、鋳造のみによってフォトニクス用筐体等の薄肉鋳物部品を鋳造することができる、低熱膨張性鋳鉄材を提供することを他の課題とする。 The present invention has been made paying attention to the above-mentioned points, and the problem is that it has a thermal expansion coefficient of 3 to 4 × 10 −6 or less, which is generally recognized as low thermal expansion, and has a nickel content of three. By not using more than a dozen percent and not using expensive materials like cobalt, the goal of low cost is met. In the present invention, the term “low cost” means that the price is lower than that of the conventional low thermal expansion cast iron material as well as the price of the invar material. Another object of the present invention is to provide a low-thermal-expansion cast iron material that does not require a machining step and can cast a thin cast part such as a photonics casing only by casting.
前記の課題を解決するため本発明は、質量％でマンガン０．１〜０．５％、リン０．０２〜０．０６％、イオウ０．０５〜０．１％、炭素１．５〜３．０％、シリコン０．２〜１．６％、ニッケル３０〜３６％及び銅０．５〜１．６％を含有するとともに、球状化材又は接種剤を含有し、残部が鉄及び不可避的に含まれる不純物から成る、薄肉鋳物の鋳造に適した、低熱膨張性鋳鉄材であって、球状化材はミッシュメタル単独又はマグネシウムと複合したＮｉ−Ｍｇ若しくはＦｅ−Ｓｉ−Ｍｇの形で０．０１〜１％、接種剤はＦｅ−Ｔｉの形でＴｉ０．２〜１％とするという手段を講じたものである。
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention, in mass%, contains 0.1 to 0.5% manganese, 0.02 to 0.06 % phosphorus, 0.05 to 0.1% sulfur, and 1.5 to 3 carbon. 0.0%, silicon 0.2-1.6%, nickel 30-36% and copper 0.5-1.6% , containing spheroidizing material or inoculant , the balance being iron and inevitable A low-thermal-expansion cast iron material suitable for casting of a thin-walled casting made of impurities contained in the spheroids , wherein the spheroidizing material is 0.1% in the form of Ni-Mg or Fe-Si-Mg combined with misch metal alone or magnesium. 01 to 1%, the inoculum is in the form of Fe-Ti, and measures are taken to make Ti 0.2 to 1% .
＜組成＞
本発明の低熱膨張性鋳鉄材において、低熱膨張性とは、前述のように３〜４×１０−６以下の熱膨張係数のレベルをいうものとする。通常、低熱膨張性鋳鉄は質量％で２．０％以下の炭素を含有しており、この値よりも炭素量が減少すると熱膨張係数も低下する傾向のあることが実験により分かっている。しかし、炭素量を減少させると鋳造性が損なわれ、薄肉鋳物の鋳造を目的とする本発明に適合しないことなる。
<Composition>
In the low thermal expansion cast iron material of the present invention, low thermal expansion means a level of thermal expansion coefficient of 3 to 4 × 10 −6 or less as described above. Usually, low-thermal-expansion cast iron contains 2.0% or less by mass of carbon, and it has been experimentally found that the coefficient of thermal expansion tends to decrease when the amount of carbon decreases below this value. However, if the amount of carbon is reduced, the castability is impaired, and it does not conform to the present invention for the purpose of casting a thin casting.
このような観点から、炭素量を変化させ、シリコン２．０％、ニッケル３５％に固定した成分比率を有する鋳鉄材について試験片を作製し、熱膨張係数の変化を測定した。鋳鉄の基本成分はマンガン０．１〜０．５％、リン０．０２〜０．０６％、イオウ０．０５〜０．１％、炭素２〜４．５％残部鉄である。測定結果を表１に示す。 From such a viewpoint, a test piece was prepared for a cast iron material having a component ratio fixed to 2.0% silicon and 35% nickel by changing the carbon amount, and the change in the thermal expansion coefficient was measured. The basic components of cast iron are manganese 0.1-0.5%, phosphorus 0.02-0.06%, sulfur 0.05-0.1%, carbon 2-4.5% balance iron. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.
表１
Ｓｉ：２．０％，Ｎｉ：３５％にて、Ｃ量を変化させた場合
When the C content is changed at Si: 2.0% and Ni: 35%
表１によれば、前に触れたように炭素量の減少につれて、いずれの温度領域においても熱膨張係数が下がることが分かるが、炭素量減少により鋳造性も損なわれるため、炭素量の下限を１．５％、上限を３．０％とした。より好ましくは、表１に記載した１．９〜２．５％の範囲、代表例としては２．３％を本発明における炭素の成分比率として扱うものとした。上限を３．０％としたのは、３．０％を超えると熱膨張係数が５．２×１０−６を越え、好ましくないためである。表１から分かるように、本発明における１．９〜３．０％という成分比率は、従来の低熱膨張性鋳鉄よりも多いことになるが、このことは切削性、振動減衰特性において優れていることを示唆する。なお、表１に係る実験では、銅、チタン、ミッシュメタルは添加せず、球状化材としてニッケル−マグネシウムを使用しており、その内マグネシウムの成分比率は０．３〜１．０％とした。
According to Table 1, it can be seen that as the carbon content decreases, the thermal expansion coefficient decreases in any temperature region as described above. However, since the castability is also impaired by the carbon content decrease, the lower limit of the carbon content is reduced. The upper limit was 1.5% and the upper limit was 3.0%. More preferably, the range of 1.9 to 2.5% described in Table 1, and 2.3% as a representative example, is treated as the carbon component ratio in the present invention. The upper limit is set to 3.0% because if it exceeds 3.0%, the thermal expansion coefficient exceeds 5.2 × 10 −6 , which is not preferable. As can be seen from Table 1, component proportions, of from 1.9 to 3.0% in the present invention is thus greater than the conventional low thermal Rise tonicity cast iron, this is excellent in machinability, damping property Suggest that In the experiment according to Table 1, copper, titanium, and misch metal were not added, and nickel-magnesium was used as a spheroidizing material, and the component ratio of magnesium was 0.3 to 1.0%. .
次に、炭素を２．３％、ニッケルを３５％に夫々固定し、シリコン量を変化させた成分比率を有する鋳鉄材について試験片を作製し、熱膨張係数の変化を測定した。その結果を表２に示す。鋳鉄の基本成分をはじめとして他の条件は表１の場合と同一であり、銅、チタン、ミッシュメタルを添加せず、球状化材を表１の実験の場合と同じように用いてい
る。
Next, a test piece was prepared for a cast iron material having a component ratio in which carbon was fixed at 2.3% and nickel was fixed at 35%, and the amount of silicon was changed, and a change in thermal expansion coefficient was measured. The results are shown in Table 2. The other conditions including the basic components of cast iron are the same as those in Table 1. The spheroidizing material is used in the same manner as in the experiment in Table 1 without adding copper, titanium, and misch metal.
表２
Ｃ：２．３％，Ｎｉ：３５％にて、Ｓｉ量を変化させた場合
When changing Si amount at C: 2.3%, Ni: 35%
表２によれば、シリコン量が減少すると、熱膨張係数も下がる傾向のあることが分かるが、特に、その傾向は１００〜２００℃、という、より高い温度領域において顕著である。シリコンには鋳造性の改善、黒鉛化の促進の効果がある。なお、シリコン量については、通常取引されている鋼屑を本発明に係る鋳鉄材の原料として使用したときに不可避的に含有されることになる０．２％以上を下限とし、上限は、熱膨張係数が５×１０−６を余り越えない２．１％以下とした。 According to Table 2, it can be seen that as the amount of silicon decreases, the thermal expansion coefficient tends to decrease. In particular, this tendency is remarkable in a higher temperature range of 100 to 200 ° C. Silicon has the effect of improving castability and promoting graphitization. As for the silicon content, the lower limit is 0.2% or more, which is inevitably contained when using steel scrap that is usually traded as a raw material for the cast iron material according to the present invention. The expansion coefficient was set to 2.1% or less not exceeding 5 × 10 −6 .
ニッケルは熱膨張係数に影響のある主要な元素であり、最もインバー効果を発揮する成分比率は３１〜３７％の範囲にあることが分かっている。しかも、シリコン０．４％においてニッケル量を変化させると、３１〜３８％でも３０〜１００℃の温度領域では熱膨張係数に大きな違いが表れないが、本発明においては、コストを可能な限り抑制することが大きな目標であるので、使用温度が１００℃未満での低熱膨張率を必要とする低熱膨張性鋳鉄として、コストと生産上の成分制御の可能な範囲を考慮し、上限、下限を決定することとした。下限としては、インバー効果を示す最低限の３１％、上限は、コストを考慮して３４．５％とした低熱膨張性鋳鉄（表３）と、インバー効果の上限である３８％に可能な限り近付けて１００から２００℃の熱膨張率を低くすることを狙い３５．５％とした低熱膨張性鋳鉄（表４）の値から、３６％とした。 Nickel is a main element that affects the coefficient of thermal expansion, and it has been found that the component ratio that exhibits the most invar effect is in the range of 31 to 37%. Moreover, if the amount of nickel is changed in 0.4% silicon, there is no significant difference in the thermal expansion coefficient in the temperature range of 30 to 100 ° C. even at 31 to 38%, but in the present invention, the cost is suppressed as much as possible. As a low-expansion cast iron that requires a low coefficient of thermal expansion when the operating temperature is less than 100 ° C, the upper and lower limits are determined in consideration of cost and the possible range of component control in production. It was decided to. The lower limit is 31% which shows the invar effect, and the upper limit is as low as possible with low thermal expansion cast iron (Table 3) of 34.5% considering the cost and 38% which is the upper limit of the invar effect. The value of low thermal expansion cast iron (Table 4), which was 35.5% aiming to lower the thermal expansion coefficient from 100 to 200 ° C., was 36%.
表３
Ｃ：２．３％，Ｓｉ：２．１％にて、Ｎｉ量を変化させた場合
When the Ni content is changed at C: 2.3% and Si: 2.1%
表４
Ｃ：２．５％，Ｓｉ：０．４％にて、Ｎｉ量を変化させた場合
When the amount of Ni is changed at C: 2.5% and Si: 0.4%
表３から理解されるように、ニッケル３１％の下限では炭素２．３％、シリコン２．０％の場合に１００〜２００℃の温度領域で好ましくない熱膨張係数値を示す、ほかは、目標をほぼ満足する熱膨張係数値を得ている。鋳鉄の基本成分及び他の条件は表１の場合と同一であり、銅、チタン、ミッシュメタルを添加せず、球状化材を表１の場合と同様に使用している。 As can be seen from Table 3, the lower limit of 31% nickel is 2.3% carbon, and 2.0% silicon shows an undesirable coefficient of thermal expansion in the temperature range of 100-200 ° C. The thermal expansion coefficient value almost satisfying The basic components and other conditions of the cast iron are the same as in Table 1, and copper, titanium and misch metal are not added, and a spheroidizing material is used as in Table 1.
銅は、本発明において、ニッケルの代替として使用している。銅はＦｅ３Ｃ の分解を助長して黒鉛化を促進するなどのニッケルと同じ効果がある点に着目し、またニッケルとの比較上安価であるため、本発明の低熱膨張性鋳鉄材の構成要素としたものである。なお、インバー効果についても銅にはニッケルのそれと同様の効果を発揮するとの認識である。炭素２．３％、シリコン０．４％、ニッケル３２％を夫々固定し、銅量を変化させた鋳鉄材について試験片を作製し、熱膨張係数を測定した。その結果を表５に示す。 Copper is used as an alternative to nickel in the present invention. Focusing on the fact that copper has the same effect as nickel, such as promoting the decomposition of Fe 3 C and promoting graphitization, and because it is inexpensive compared with nickel, the configuration of the low thermal expansion cast iron material of the present invention It is an element. Regarding the Invar effect, it is recognized that copper has the same effect as nickel. Test pieces were prepared for cast iron materials in which carbon 2.3%, silicon 0.4%, and nickel 32% were fixed and the amount of copper was changed, and the thermal expansion coefficient was measured. The results are shown in Table 5.
表５
Ｃ：２．３％，Ｓｉ：０．４％, Ｎｉ：３２％にて、Ｃｕ量を変化させた場合
When the amount of Cu is changed at C: 2.3%, Si: 0.4%, Ni: 32%
表５によれば、銅を含まない場合よりも銅を含む方が多くの場合低熱膨張率を示しているが、１．６％を越えると熱膨張係数も大きくなることが分かる。従って銅はニッケルの代替となることが裏付けられており、下限として、少なくとも０．５％の銅を含み、その上限は１．６％を越えないことをもって成分比率を決定した。 According to Table 5, it can be seen that the thermal expansion coefficient is higher in the case where copper is included than in the case where copper is not included. Therefore, copper is proved to be an alternative to nickel, and the component ratio was determined by including at least 0.5% copper as a lower limit and not exceeding 1.6% as the upper limit.
本発明においては、材料費として反映する各成分のコスト低下のほかに、鋳造性の向上及び加工費の低下を目的とし、全体のコスト低減することが求められている。この要求に黒鉛形状は加工費の面から寄与することができる。 In the present invention, in addition to the cost reduction of each component reflected as the material cost, it is required to reduce the overall cost for the purpose of improving the castability and reducing the processing cost. The graphite shape can contribute to this requirement from the viewpoint of processing cost.
<黒鉛形状>
熱膨張係数は基地中の固溶炭素量が少ないほど低くなることが分かっている。このため本発明では、黒鉛粒数を増すことにより黒鉛間距離を短くし、基地中の炭素が黒鉛に拡散しやすい状態とした。黒鉛粒数を増す手段として、本発明では、球状化材を添加する方法と、黒鉛改良剤を添加する方法の２手段を適用する。この２手段は、いずれか一方のみを適用しても良く、また両方を併せ適用しても良い。
<Graphite shape>
It has been found that the thermal expansion coefficient decreases as the amount of dissolved carbon in the matrix decreases. For this reason, in the present invention, the distance between graphites is shortened by increasing the number of graphite grains, and the carbon in the base is easily diffused into the graphite. As means for increasing the number of graphite grains, in the present invention, two means are applied: a method of adding a spheroidizing material and a method of adding a graphite improver. Only one of these two means may be applied, or both may be applied together.
一般に、球状黒鉛鋳鉄の球状化材には、Ｎｉ−Ｍｇ、Ｆｅ−Ｓｉ−Ｍｇなどが使用される。しかし本発明では、ミッシュメタルを単独で、又はＮｉ−Ｍｇ、Ｆｅ−Ｓｉ−Ｍｇなどの形でマグネシウムと複合して添加することによりチャンキー黒鉛を生成した。なお、ミッシュメタルは、セリウム、ランタン、その他の希土類金属の粗混合物からなる合金と考えて良いが、本発明の場合５０〜６０％のセリウムを含有するミッシュメタルを使用した。ミッシュメタルの成分比率は、チャンキー黒鉛を崩さない０．０１〜１．０％の範囲である。チャンキー黒鉛について、冷却速度と黒鉛組織の関係を、試験片を作製して観察したところ、冷却速度が速いほどチャンキー黒鉛の分布の均一化する傾向が認められた。 In general, Ni—Mg, Fe—Si—Mg, or the like is used as a spheroidizing material for spheroidal graphite cast iron. However, in the present invention, chunky graphite was produced by adding misch metal alone or in combination with magnesium in the form of Ni—Mg, Fe—Si—Mg or the like. The misch metal may be considered as an alloy made of a cerium, lanthanum, or other rare earth metal, but in the present invention, a misch metal containing 50-60% cerium was used. The component ratio of the misch metal is in the range of 0.01 to 1.0% which does not break the chunky graphite. With respect to the chunky graphite, the relationship between the cooling rate and the graphite structure was observed by producing a test piece.
接種剤は、本発明において、片状黒鉛において黒鉛組織が微細であり無方向に配列している黒鉛形状であるＤ型黒鉛、Ｅ型黒鉛を生成するために、黒鉛改良剤として使用される。本発明で使用する黒鉛改良剤はチタン（実際にはＦｅ−Ｔｉが良い。）である。チタンは、片状黒鉛を細かくする効果があり、これにより黒鉛間距離を短くし、固溶炭素量を低減して熱膨張係数の低下したＤ型黒鉛、Ｅ型黒鉛を生成することができる。チタンの量は、０．２〜１．０％が良く、０．２％未満ではＤ型黒鉛の生成が過少であり、また１．０％を越えると炭化物を生成し切削性を低下させる。 In the present invention, the inoculant is used as a graphite improver in order to produce D-type graphite and E-type graphite having a graphite shape in which flake graphite has a fine graphite structure and is arranged in a non-direction. The graphite improver used in the present invention is titanium (in fact, Fe—Ti is good). Titanium has the effect of making the flake graphite finer, whereby the distance between graphites can be shortened, and the amount of solute carbon can be reduced to produce D-type graphite and E-type graphite having a reduced thermal expansion coefficient. The amount of titanium is preferably 0.2 to 1.0%, and if it is less than 0.2%, the formation of D-type graphite is too small, and if it exceeds 1.0%, carbide is generated and the machinability is lowered.
黒鉛形状の相違に伴う低熱膨張性鋳鉄の熱膨張係数の変化を表６に示す。 Table 6 shows changes in the coefficient of thermal expansion of the low thermal expansion cast iron accompanying the difference in graphite shape.
表６
Ｃ：２．５％，Ｓｉ：０．４％，Ｎｉ：３１％にて、黒鉛形状を変化させた場合
When the graphite shape is changed at C: 2.5%, Si: 0.4%, Ni: 31%
表６は、炭素２．５％、シリコン０．４％、ニッケル３１％、残部不可避的元素を含む鋳鉄からなるものの熱膨張係数値を表示している。表６から、球状黒鉛のみを含む鋳鉄よりも、チャンキー黒鉛又はＤ型黒鉛を含む鋳鉄の熱膨張係数の方が明らかに低い値を示していることが分かる。 Table 6 displays the thermal expansion coefficient values of cast iron containing 2.5% carbon, 0.4% silicon, 31% nickel, and the balance inevitable elements. From Table 6, it can be seen that the thermal expansion coefficient of cast iron containing chunky graphite or D-type graphite is clearly lower than that of cast iron containing only spheroidal graphite.
本発明はこのように構成されかつ作用するものであるから、３０〜１００℃の温度領域における熱膨張係数を、低熱膨張性と認められる３〜４×１０−６以下にほぼ抑制することができ、かつまたニッケルの含有量が３６％を越えず、コバルトのように高価な材料を使用しないことによって、低コストという目標を達成することができる。また本発明の低熱膨張性鋳鉄材は、薄肉鋳物の鋳造に適しているので、鉄塊から削り出す工程を必要とせずに筐体又はそれに類似の薄肉鋳物部品を鋳造することができ、最終製品の価格を著しく低下することができるという効果を奏する。 Since the present invention is configured and operates in this way, the thermal expansion coefficient in the temperature range of 30 to 100 ° C. can be substantially suppressed to 3 to 4 × 10 −6 or less recognized as low thermal expansion. Also, the goal of low cost can be achieved by not using an expensive material such as cobalt with a nickel content not exceeding 36%. Moreover, since the low thermal expansion cast iron material of the present invention is suitable for casting of a thin casting, a casing or a similar thin casting part can be cast without requiring a step of cutting out from an iron ingot. The price can be significantly reduced.
以下実施例、比較例により、本発明に係る低熱膨張性鋳鉄材をより具体的に説明する。なお、実施例、比較例は表７に要点をまとめて記載した。 Hereinafter, the low thermal expansion cast iron material according to the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. The examples and comparative examples are summarized in Table 7.
実施例１は、炭素１．７０％、シリコン０．２５％、銅０．５０％、ニッケル３１．２％を含み、黒鉛改良剤としてＦｅ−Ｔｉを試験片鋳造の際に添加したもので、Ｄ型黒鉛が鋳鉄組織中に生成されている。この場合、３０〜１００℃の温度領域における熱膨張係数は４．３０×１０−６、１００〜２００℃の温度領域においても６．００×１０−６でありほぼ許容範囲となっている。 Example 1 contains 1.70% carbon, 0.25% silicon, 0.50% copper, 31.2% nickel, and Fe-Ti was added as a graphite improver during casting of the test piece. D-type graphite is produced in the cast iron structure. In this case, the coefficient of thermal expansion in the temperature range of 30 to 100 ° C. is 4.30 × 10 −6 , and the temperature range of 100 to 200 ° C. is 6.00 × 10 −6, which is almost acceptable.
実施例２は炭素２．２１％、シリコン１．５０％、銅０．５１％、ニッケル３４．５％
を含み、ミッシュメタルを球状化材としてチャンキー黒鉛を生成したもので、３０〜１００℃の温度領域における熱膨張係数は５．００×１０−６となり、１００〜２００℃の温度領域では７．００×１０−６となっている。
Example 2 is carbon 2.21%, silicon 1.50%, copper 0.51%, nickel 34.5%
, Spheroidizing material is used to produce chunky graphite. The coefficient of thermal expansion in the temperature range of 30 to 100 ° C. is 5.00 × 10 −6 , and in the temperature range of 100 to 200 ° C. 00 × 10 −6 .
実施例３は炭素２．８０％、シリコン０．４１％、銅０．５３％、ニッケル３４．５％
と銅を漸増させ、黒鉛改良剤によりＤ型黒鉛を鋳鉄組織中に生成させたもので、３０〜１００℃領域での熱膨張係数は３．８０×１０−６と最小値を記録している。これは１００〜２００℃の温度領域でも４．８０×１０−６と最小値である。
Example 3 is carbon 2.80%, silicon 0.41%, copper 0.53%, nickel 34.5%
And copper were gradually increased, and D-type graphite was produced in the cast iron structure by a graphite improver, and the thermal expansion coefficient in the region of 30 to 100 ° C. was 3.80 × 10 −6 and recorded the minimum value. . This is a minimum value of 4.80 × 10 −6 even in the temperature range of 100 to 200 ° C.
実施例４は、炭素２．３０％、シリコン０．４８％、銅１．４５％、ニッケル３４．８％とし、球状化材の添加によりチャンキー黒鉛を生成したもので、３０〜１００℃の温度領域での熱膨張係数は４．００×１０−６、１００〜２００℃の温度領域での熱膨張係数５．００×１０−６と、実施例３の最小値に次ぐ値を示している。 In Example 4, carbon 2.30%, silicon 0.48%, copper 1.45%, and nickel 34.8% were produced, and chunky graphite was produced by adding a spheroidizing material. The thermal expansion coefficient in the temperature region is 4.00 × 10 −6 , the thermal expansion coefficient in the temperature region of 100 to 200 ° C. is 5.00 × 10 −6, and the value next to the minimum value in Example 3. .
表７
比較例１は、銅１１．５３％としたほかは本発明所定の成分比率内とし、球状化材としてＮｉ-Ｍｇを添加し、鋳鉄組織中に球状黒鉛を生成したものである。比較例１の熱膨張係数は３０〜１００℃の温度領域で７．４０×１０−６、１００〜２００℃の温度領域で、７．５０×１０−６となり、いずれも７× １０−６を上回ってしまう。 In Comparative Example 1, except that the content of copper was 11.53%, the composition ratio was within the predetermined range of the present invention, Ni-Mg was added as a spheroidizing material, and spherical graphite was produced in the cast iron structure. The thermal expansion coefficient of Comparative Example 1 is 7.40 × 10 −6 in the temperature range of 30 to 100 ° C. and 7.50 × 10 −6 in the temperature range of 100 to 200 ° C., and both are 7 × 10 −6 . It will exceed.
比較例２は、銅を含まないほかは、本発明所定の成分比率内とし、球状化材として比較例１と同じＮｉ-Ｍｇを使用し、球状黒鉛を鋳鉄組織中に生成したもので、３０〜１００℃の温度領域、１００〜２００℃の温度領域のいずれにおいても夫々７．８６×１０−６、９６×１０−６と最大値となり許容できない範囲となる。黒鉛形状が球状黒鉛と共通している比較例１、２を見ると、銅が過大でも、また銅を含まない場合でも、好ましくない熱膨張係数値を示すことが分かる。 Comparative Example 2, except that it does not contain copper, is within the prescribed component ratio of the present invention, uses the same Ni—Mg as Comparative Example 1 as a spheroidizing material, and produces spherical graphite in the cast iron structure. In both the temperature range of -100 ° C. and the temperature range of 100-200 ° C., the maximum values are 7.86 × 10 −6 and 96 × 10 −6, which are unacceptable ranges. It can be seen from Comparative Examples 1 and 2 that the graphite shape is the same as that of spheroidal graphite, even if the copper is excessive or does not contain copper, an undesirable coefficient of thermal expansion is exhibited.
<実験内容>
以上の実験例１〜４及び比較例１、２の鋳鉄材は、出願人自社工場の実験用高周波電気炉（５０Ｋｇ）を用いて溶解した。溶解温度は１５８０〜１６００℃を目標として行った。球状化材は、サンドイッチ法で添加した。注湯品は各種製作したが、本発明に関係するものは薄肉試験体と段階状試験片であり、共にガス砂と呼ばれる鋳型を使用して鋳造した。熱膨張率の測定には、埼玉県産業技術総合センターに依頼し、株式会社リガク製のサーモプラス２（Ｔｈｅｒｍｏ Ｐｌｕｓ２ ＴＭＡ８３１０）を用いて行った。
<Experiment contents>
The cast iron materials of the above Experimental Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were melted using the experimental high frequency electric furnace (50 Kg) of the applicant's own factory. The dissolution temperature was set to 1580 to 1600 ° C. The spheroidizing material was added by the sandwich method. Various types of pouring products were produced, but those relating to the present invention were thin-walled specimens and stepped specimens, both of which were cast using a mold called gas sand. The thermal expansion coefficient was measured by using the Saitama Prefectural Industrial Technology Center and using Thermo Plus 2 (TMA8310) manufactured by Rigaku Corporation.
薄肉試験体を目視にて外観不良状況の検査を行った。特に薄肉であることから、湯流れ不良について検査し、そのために薄肉試験体を切断し、内部欠陥の有無及び状況の検査を行った。その結果、実施例１〜４の薄肉試験体については、鋳じわ、湯境などの鋳造不良は殆んど認められなかった。しかし、鋳込み順が遅いものに鋳造不良を見い出したが、これは注湯温度が１３００℃前後まで降下していることが原因と考えられる。 The thin test specimen was visually inspected for poor appearance. Since it was particularly thin, it was inspected for poor hot water flow, and for that purpose, the thin specimen was cut and inspected for the presence and state of internal defects. As a result, for the thin specimens of Examples 1 to 4, almost no casting defects such as cast wrinkles and hot water boundaries were observed. However, a casting defect was found in the case where the casting order was slow. This is considered to be because the pouring temperature dropped to around 1300 ° C.
本発明に係る低熱膨張性鋳鉄材は以上説明したような技術的内容を有しており、従来用いられて来たインバー材（ニッケル３５％）やスーパーインバー材（ニッケル３１％、コバルト５％）で使用されていたニッケルの比率を減少可能とするために、ニッケルの代替として銅を使用し、コバルトを排除することによってコストダウンを達成し、黒鉛形状をＤ型黒鉛、チャンキー黒鉛として、基地中の固溶炭素量を低減し、従来のインバー材等と比較して遜色のない熱膨張係数を保持するものである。また本発明に係る低熱膨張性鋳鉄材によって肉厚２〜５ｍｍという薄肉軽量品の鋳造を行い、問題のないことを確認しているので、エレクトロニクス・フォトニクス用の筐体、取り付け部品、調整機器を安価に提供することができる。 The low-thermal-expansion cast iron material according to the present invention has the technical contents as described above, and conventionally used invar material (nickel 35%) and super invar material (nickel 31%, cobalt 5%). In order to be able to reduce the ratio of nickel used in Japan, copper was used as an alternative to nickel, and the cost was reduced by eliminating cobalt. The amount of solid solution carbon is reduced, and a thermal expansion coefficient comparable to that of a conventional invar material or the like is maintained. In addition, the low thermal expansion cast iron material according to the present invention is used to cast thin and light products with a thickness of 2 to 5 mm, and it has been confirmed that there are no problems. It can be provided at low cost.
本発明は、光通信システムに使用される、石英基板やガラス部品を半田付けなどで固定する、金属基板用また、これらの部品を収容する筐体、ケース、及びこれらを固定する定盤用の低膨張性鋳鉄材として利用することができる。
The present invention is used for an optical communication system, for fixing a quartz substrate or a glass component by soldering or the like, for a metal substrate, and for a casing, a case for storing these components, and a surface plate for fixing these components. It can be used as a low expansion cast iron material.
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| JPS62284039A (en) * | 1986-06-03 | 1987-12-09 | Nippon Chuzo Kk | Low thermal expansion cast iron |
| JPS63433A (en) * | 1986-06-20 | 1988-01-05 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Low thermal expansion and high damping capacity cv cast iron |
| JPS63114936A (en) * | 1986-11-04 | 1988-05-19 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Low thermal expansion cast iron and its production |
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