JP4560713B2 - Transmitter - Google Patents
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- JP4560713B2 JP4560713B2 JP2004194714A JP2004194714A JP4560713B2 JP 4560713 B2 JP4560713 B2 JP 4560713B2 JP 2004194714 A JP2004194714 A JP 2004194714A JP 2004194714 A JP2004194714 A JP 2004194714A JP 4560713 B2 JP4560713 B2 JP 4560713B2
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、微弱電波を用いた無線通信機器の通信品質を向上させる技術に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a technology for improving communication quality of a wireless communication device using weak radio waves.
微弱電波は、使用目的が限定されず公的認定などの手続きが不要であることから近距離無線通信手段として利用できるが、送信する電波の電界強度が電子機器の発生する不要輻射ノイズレベル程度に規制されているので、安定して通信を行うには希望波以外の電波や他の電子機器が発生する不要輻射による干渉を可能な限り少なくしなければならない。 Weak radio waves can be used as short-range wireless communication means because the purpose of use is not limited and procedures such as official certification are not required, but the electric field strength of the transmitted radio waves is around the level of unnecessary radiation noise generated by electronic devices. Since it is regulated, it is necessary to reduce as much as possible interference caused by radio waves other than the desired wave and unnecessary radiation generated by other electronic devices in order to communicate stably.
この課題を解決する手段としては、狭帯域変調により占有周波数帯域幅を狭くして不必要な周波数帯域をフィルタで除去するのが一般的である。しかし微弱電波は、通信を目的として確保された周波数帯域とは違い通信にとって妨害となる周波数成分が多く存在し、その状況は地域や周辺の電子機器の動作状態によって変わるため、狭帯域化しただけでは妨害波の影響を完全に逃れられない場合が多い。 As a means for solving this problem, it is common to narrow the occupied frequency bandwidth by narrowband modulation and remove unnecessary frequency bands with a filter. However, weak radio waves, unlike the frequency band reserved for communication purposes, have many frequency components that interfere with communication, and the situation changes depending on the operating state of the area and surrounding electronic devices, so it has only been narrowed. In many cases, the influence of the interference wave cannot be completely escaped.
このため妨害の少ない周波数を選択して通信を行うことができる周波数ダイバシティ方式が有効な手段となる。周波数ダイバシティ方式は、マルチパスや妨害周波数の影響を軽減するために複数の周波数を使用して通信を行う方式で、方式そのものは公知であり、その実現手段には従来から多くの事例が知られている。 For this reason, a frequency diversity system capable of performing communication by selecting a frequency with less interference is an effective means. The frequency diversity method is a method of performing communication using a plurality of frequencies in order to reduce the influence of multipath and interference frequency, and the method itself is publicly known. ing.
本出願人の発明である特開２００２−０３３６８９、特開２００２−０３３６９０、特開２００３−００８４８５は周波数ダイバシティを簡単な手段で実現するものである。これらは周波数と変調極性が異なろ二波を同時に送信して受信側で合成するものであり、マルチパスによるフェージングには有効な手段である。 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-033689, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-033690, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-008485, which are the inventions of the present applicant, implement frequency diversity with simple means. These are effective means for fading by multipath because two waves having different frequencies and modulation polarities are simultaneously transmitted and synthesized at the receiving side.
しかしながら二波を合成して復調するため、どちらか一方の周波数で妨害周波数が一致または近接した場合は復調信号に影響が出る可能性があり、これを除去することはできない。妨害周波数の影響を回避するために、どちらか一方の周波数を選択して受信しようとした場合、二波の変調極性が異なるため受信機側には極性切り替えの回路が必要となる。 However, since the two waves are combined and demodulated, if the interference frequency is equal or close to one of the frequencies, the demodulated signal may be affected and cannot be removed. In order to avoid the influence of the interference frequency, when either one of the frequencies is selected for reception, the modulation polarity of the two waves is different, so that a polarity switching circuit is required on the receiver side.
また特開平９−５５６９２で公知となっている方式は、変調が同じで周波数の異なる複数の搬送波を同時に送信し、受信側で最良の受信周波数を選択するものであり、妨害周波数の影響を軽減あるいは回避することが可能である。 The method known in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-55692 is a method in which a plurality of carriers having the same modulation and different frequencies are simultaneously transmitted, and the best reception frequency is selected on the reception side, thereby reducing the influence of the interference frequency. Alternatively, it can be avoided.
この事例は、送信機の主搬送波信号あるいはローカル信号に高調波を含む発振器を用い、この高調波成分により周波数の異なる複数の搬送波を得るものである。レベルの大小は異なるが高調波は如何なる発振器にも存在する。しかし一般的に基本波と高調波のレベルは同一ではないため、周波数ダイバシティで有効な効果を得るためには何らかの手段により各高調波あるいは各搬送波レベルの調整が必要になり、基本波の周波数によっては調整回路が複雑なものとなる。 In this example, an oscillator including harmonics in the main carrier signal or local signal of the transmitter is used, and a plurality of carriers having different frequencies are obtained by the harmonic components. Harmonics are present in any oscillator, although the levels are different. However, since the fundamental and harmonic levels are generally not the same, each harmonic or carrier level must be adjusted by some means to obtain an effective effect in frequency diversity, depending on the fundamental frequency. The adjustment circuit becomes complicated.
本発明は、周波数ダイバシティ方式に用いられる送信機で、周波数の異なる複数の搬送波を同時に送信できる送信回路を簡単な構成で安価に提供するものである。 The present invention is a transmitter used in a frequency diversity system, and provides a transmission circuit capable of simultaneously transmitting a plurality of carrier waves having different frequencies at a low cost with a simple configuration.
上記課題を解決するために本発明では、ベースバンド信号で周波数変調された第一の搬送波とローカル周波数を乗算することにより周波数が「第一の搬送波周波数−ローカル周波数」および「第一の搬送波周波数＋ローカル周波数」である第二、第三の搬送波を作り、これらを前記第一の搬送波と同時に送信する。
前記ローカル周波数は、前記第一の搬送波の変調帯域幅より高く、第一の搬送波周波数より低く設定することにより、前記各搬送波が同一ベースバンド信号により周波数変調され、その変調極性および周波数偏移が等しくなる。In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in the present invention, the frequency is changed to “first carrier frequency−local frequency” and “first carrier frequency” by multiplying the first carrier wave frequency-modulated with the baseband signal by the local frequency. Second and third carriers, which are “+ local frequency”, are generated and transmitted simultaneously with the first carrier.
By setting the local frequency higher than the modulation bandwidth of the first carrier and lower than the first carrier frequency, each carrier is frequency-modulated by the same baseband signal, and its modulation polarity and frequency shift are Will be equal.
本発明では、複数の周波数を送信するために必要な回路が乗算回路と比較的低い（１ＭＨｚ程度）周波数の発振回路のみであるため安価に構成できる。 In the present invention, the circuits necessary for transmitting a plurality of frequencies are only a multiplier circuit and an oscillation circuit having a relatively low frequency (about 1 MHz), so that it can be configured at low cost.
以下に本発明の実施例を説明する。図１は本発明の実施例をブロックダイヤグラムで表したものである。周波数ｆ１で発振する１第一の発振器の信号は、２周波数変調器でベースバンド信号Ｔｘ−Ｄａｔａにより周波数変調される。周波数変調された信号は、４乗算回路により３第二の発振器の信号と乗算され５バンドパスフィルタを介して６アンテナで送信される。 Examples of the present invention will be described below. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. The signal of the first oscillator that oscillates at the frequency f1 is frequency-modulated by the baseband signal Tx-Data by a two-frequency modulator. The frequency-modulated signal is multiplied by the signal of 3 second oscillator by a 4 multiplication circuit and transmitted by 6 antennas through a 5 band pass filter.
上記３第二の発振器の周波数がｆ２であり、ｆ２＜ｆ１でれば、乗算によりｆ１±ｆ２の周波数が異なる搬送波が作られる。これらはｆ１と同じ変調を受けているのでｆ１、ｆ１＋ｆ２またはｆ１−ｆ２のどの周波数を受信しても同じ復調信号が得られる。 If the frequency of the third second oscillator is f2 and f2 <f1, carrier waves having different frequencies of f1 ± f2 are generated by multiplication. Since these are subjected to the same modulation as f1, the same demodulated signal can be obtained regardless of the frequency of f1, f1 + f2 or f1-f2.
実際の乗算回路としてはＩＣ化された二重平衡変調器が安価で入手しやすい。これを前記図１の４乗算回路として用いると、二重平衡変調器のオフセットによりｆ１±ｆ２に加えて１第一の発振器の信号ｆ１が出力に漏洩して現れる。具体的実施例では、第一の発振器の信号ｆ１のレベルが−１０ｄＢｍから０ｄＢｍ程度で、乗算回路の出力に漏洩するｆ１のレベルはこれより２０ｄＢから４０ｄＢ程度低くなる。 As an actual multiplication circuit, an IC double balanced modulator is inexpensive and easily available. When this is used as the 4-multiplying circuit of FIG. 1, the signal f1 of the first oscillator leaks to the output in addition to f1 ± f2 due to the offset of the double balanced modulator. In a specific embodiment, the level of the signal f1 of the first oscillator is about −10 dBm to 0 dBm, and the level of f1 leaking to the output of the multiplication circuit is about 20 dB to 40 dB lower than this.
微弱電波送信機の送信レベルは、使用するアンテナによっても異なるが、−５０ｄＢｍから−３０ｄＢｍ程度であり、二重平衡変調器の出力に漏洩する第一の発振器の信号ｆ１のレベルはこれに近いため送信出力として利用しやすい。そこで４乗算回路の出力においてｆ１±ｆ２とｆ１が同じレベルになるように７レベル調整で第二の発振器のレベルを調整すれば、４乗算回路の出力にはｆ１およびｆ１±ｆ２の変調が同じで周波数が異なる三波の搬送波が得られる。図２はその周波数スペクトラムを示している。 Although the transmission level of the weak radio wave transmitter varies depending on the antenna to be used, it is about −50 dBm to −30 dBm, and the level of the signal f1 of the first oscillator leaking to the output of the double balanced modulator is close to this level. Easy to use as transmission output. Therefore, if the level of the second oscillator is adjusted by 7 level adjustment so that f1 ± f2 and f1 are the same level at the output of the 4 multiplier circuit, the modulation of f1 and f1 ± f2 is the same at the output of the 4 multiplier circuit. A three-wave carrier with different frequencies can be obtained. FIG. 2 shows the frequency spectrum.
３第二の発振器の周波数ｆ２は、複数の搬送波の周波数間隔を決定するので、下限は変調帯域幅以上である必要があり、受信回路での選択度が十分に得られる周波数間隔でなければならない。また周波数ダイバシティの特性を活かすためには各搬送波周波数間の相関特性も考慮して決定しなければいけない。上限は搬送波周波数以下となるが、実際はアンテナの帯域幅などで制限されるため数ＭＨｚ程度になる。 (3) Since the frequency f2 of the second oscillator determines the frequency interval of a plurality of carriers, the lower limit must be equal to or greater than the modulation bandwidth, and must be a frequency interval that provides sufficient selectivity in the receiving circuit. . In order to make use of the characteristics of frequency diversity, it must be determined in consideration of the correlation characteristics between the carrier frequencies. The upper limit is lower than the carrier frequency, but is actually about several MHz because it is limited by the bandwidth of the antenna.
以上は電気的特性上の条件であるが、更に日本国内の電波法による微弱電波の電界強度測定方法を考慮すると１ＭＨｚ以上であることが好ましい。すなわち電波法による微弱電波の電界強度測定では、スペクトラムアナライザの分解能帯域幅を１ＭＨｚと１００ｋＨｚに切り替えたときの差により測定値に補整が加えられるため、上記第二の発振器の周波数を１ＭＨｚ以上とすることでスペクトラムアナライザの分解能帯域幅の切り替えによる測定値に差がなくなるため補整値は加えられず、電波法で規定される最大電界強度が許容されるからである。 The above are the conditions on the electrical characteristics, but it is preferably 1 MHz or more in consideration of the method for measuring the electric field strength of weak radio waves by the Japanese radio law. That is, in the measurement of the electric field strength of weak radio waves by the radio wave method, the measurement value is compensated by the difference when the resolution bandwidth of the spectrum analyzer is switched between 1 MHz and 100 kHz, so the frequency of the second oscillator is set to 1 MHz or more. This is because there is no difference in the measurement value due to switching of the resolution bandwidth of the spectrum analyzer, so no correction value is added, and the maximum electric field strength defined by the Radio Law is allowed.
なお、図１で示した５バンドパスフィルタは本発明の原理上は必須ではない。しかし実際には不要な周波数帯の輻射を低減するためにローパスフィルタもしくはバンドパスフィルタを介して出力する必要がある。また実施にあたっては所望の送信電力を得るために減衰器または電力増幅器を追加することもある。 Note that the 5-band pass filter shown in FIG. 1 is not essential in the principle of the present invention. However, in actuality, it is necessary to output via a low-pass filter or a band-pass filter in order to reduce unnecessary frequency band radiation. In implementation, an attenuator or a power amplifier may be added to obtain a desired transmission power.
１ 第一の発振器
２ 周波数変調器
３ 第二の発振器
４ 乗算回路
５ バンドパスフィルタ
６ アンテナ
７ レベル調整DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2004194714A JP4560713B2 (en) | 2004-06-04 | 2004-06-04 | Transmitter |
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| JP2004194714A JP4560713B2 (en) | 2004-06-04 | 2004-06-04 | Transmitter |
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| JP2005348386A JP2005348386A (en) | 2005-12-15 |
| JP4560713B2 true JP4560713B2 (en) | 2010-10-13 |
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| JP2004194714A Expired - Lifetime JP4560713B2 (en) | 2004-06-04 | 2004-06-04 | Transmitter |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS572145A (en) * | 1980-06-06 | 1982-01-07 | Nec Corp | Radio transmission system |
| JPH05102899A (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1993-04-23 | Shiyoudenriyoku Kosoku Tsushin Kenkyusho:Kk | Multi-frequency communication system |
| JP2003258655A (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-09-12 | Communication Research Laboratory | Transmitter and transmission method, receiver and reception method, and radio communication apparatus and radio communication method |
-
2004
- 2004-06-04 JP JP2004194714A patent/JP4560713B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS572145A (en) * | 1980-06-06 | 1982-01-07 | Nec Corp | Radio transmission system |
| JPH05102899A (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1993-04-23 | Shiyoudenriyoku Kosoku Tsushin Kenkyusho:Kk | Multi-frequency communication system |
| JP2003258655A (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-09-12 | Communication Research Laboratory | Transmitter and transmission method, receiver and reception method, and radio communication apparatus and radio communication method |
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| JP2005348386A (en) | 2005-12-15 |
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