JP4552068B2 - Monetary science appraisal system - Google Patents
Monetary science appraisal system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4552068B2 JP4552068B2 JP2005202339A JP2005202339A JP4552068B2 JP 4552068 B2 JP4552068 B2 JP 4552068B2 JP 2005202339 A JP2005202339 A JP 2005202339A JP 2005202339 A JP2005202339 A JP 2005202339A JP 4552068 B2 JP4552068 B2 JP 4552068B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- money
- component
- appraisal
- information
- monetary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Testing Of Coins (AREA)
Description
本発明は、貨幣表面の状態情報及び成分情報を用いて貨幣の真贋を判定する貨幣科学鑑定システムに関するものである。 The present invention relates to a monetary science appraisal system that determines the authenticity of money using state information and component information on the surface of money.
近年、貨幣収集界において、主としてプレミアム付で売買されている収集用貨幣を標的にした精巧な偽造貨が多く出回っており、真贋の判定が困難または不確定・不確実なことなどに起因して、貨幣収集に対する不信感の増大と信用の低下を招く傾向にあり、収集用貨幣(特に古銭)の健全な流通(売買)やその資産性が著しく損なわれつつある。 In recent years, in the money collection industry, there are many sophisticated counterfeit coins mainly targeting collection money that is bought and sold with a premium, and it is difficult to judge authenticity or it is due to uncertainty or uncertainty. However, there is a tendency to increase distrust and credibility of money collection, and the sound distribution (buying and selling) of collected money (especially old coins) and its property are being severely impaired.
従来、貨幣の鑑定は、ルーペや顕微鏡などの拡大鏡を用いて、刻印によって打刻されたり印刷されたりした貨幣表面の模様や絵柄の確認や貨幣表面の造りに関する約束事項(刻印上の約束事項)及び貨幣製造上の基本的な約束事項を確認するなど、対象貨幣における刻印上の情報を基に、場合によっては複数の鑑定人の合議又は多数決等の民主的な合意をとりながら、真正品のそれと一致するとみなして良いかどうかを判断し、真偽を判定していた。従来の一般的な貨幣鑑定システムにおける鑑定作業の流れを図2(ステップS21〜S24)に示す。このような従来型システムを用いた装置としては特許文献1にあるような一括投入型硬貨処理機の硬貨識別装置が挙げられる。
また、貨幣の金属成分などを試験的に測定するケースもあるが、基本的な金属成分やその含有比率(金貨なら金の含有量とその他の含有金属の比率、銀貨なら銀の含有量とその他の金属の比率)を確認することが主体であり、測定・評価コストが高いこともあって、研究的な観点からは利用されることもあるが、一般的には利用されていない。
Traditionally, the appraisal of money has been done by using a magnifier such as a magnifying glass or a microscope to confirm the pattern or pattern on the money surface that has been stamped or printed, or to make a promise on the money surface (the promise on the stamp). ) And confirmation of basic promises in monetary manufacture, etc. based on the information on the stamps in the target money, and in some cases, with a democratic agreement such as a consensus or majority vote of multiple appraisers, Judgment was made as to whether or not it could be regarded as coincident, and true or false was judged. FIG. 2 (steps S21 to S24) shows a flow of appraisal work in a conventional general money appraisal system. As an apparatus using such a conventional system, there is a coin discriminating apparatus of a collective throwing coin processor as disclosed in Patent Document 1.
In addition, there are cases in which the metal component of money is measured on a trial basis, but the basic metal component and its content ratio (the ratio of gold to other metals in the case of gold coins, the silver content and other in the case of silver coins) It is mainly used to check the ratio of metals), and the measurement / evaluation cost is high, so it may be used from a research point of view, but it is not generally used.
なお、鑑定の権威を高く保つために、貨幣の鑑定・グレード評価等をある程度機械的かつ専門的・組織的に実施して、鑑定結果と共に専用のケースに対象貨幣を密封して提供しているサービス例として、米国のコイングレードの格付け会社であるPCGS(プロフェッショナル・コイン・グレーディング・サービス)などを挙げることができる。一般的な貨幣鑑定システムよりも鑑定の信用や権威を高く保つために、ある程度機械化(コンピュータ化も含む)された鑑定やグレード評価機能を備える専門的に組織化された専門鑑定システムにおける鑑定作業の流れ(主として金属貨幣の刻印を対象とした鑑定手続き)に関する例を図3に示す。 In addition, in order to keep the authority of appraisal high, appraisal and grade evaluation of money are conducted to some extent mechanically, professionally and organizationally, and the target money is sealed in a special case along with the appraisal results. Examples of services include PCGS (Professional Coin Grading Service), a US coin grade rating company. In order to keep the appraisal trust and authority higher than general monetary appraisal systems, appraisal work in expert appraisal systems that are expertly organized with a degree of mechanized appraisal (including computerization) and grade evaluation function FIG. 3 shows an example relating to the flow (an appraisal procedure mainly for engraving metal money).
近年、科学技術の進歩に伴い、真貨などから真正品の刻印の型をほぼ完全に写し取ることが可能なコピー型の偽造技術が発達してきており、刻印上の約束事を確認するだけでは真偽の判定が困難になってきた。また、金や銀といった貨幣を構成する主要金属成分の価値よりも、収集用貨幣のもつプレミアム(稀少価値)の方が遥かに高価となってきており、主要金属成分の含有量や比率を確認することが真偽判定の決め手にはならなくなってきた。 In recent years, with the advancement of science and technology, copy-type counterfeiting technology has been developed that can almost completely copy genuine stamps from true coins, etc. It has become difficult to judge. Also, the premium (rare value) of the money for collection is much more expensive than the value of the main metal components that make up money such as gold and silver, and the content and ratio of the main metal components are confirmed. Doing so is no longer the decisive factor for authenticity.
本発明は、貨幣鑑定の厳格性を高め、収集用貨幣分野及び市場、中でも特に古銭分野(古銭収集界、古銭売買)において、偽造貨幣及び改ざん貨幣や不良貨幣をより確実に識別し、収集用貨幣の資産価値を守ると共に収集用貨幣の流通(売買)の健全化を図ることを目的として、貨幣鑑定をより科学的かつ専門的に実施することを課題としている。 The present invention enhances the rigorousness of monetary appraisals and more reliably identifies counterfeit money, falsified money and bad money in the collection money field and market, in particular in the old money field (old money collection industry, old money trading). In order to protect the asset value of money and to promote sound distribution (buying and selling) of money for collection, it is an issue to conduct more scientific and professional money appraisals.
上記目的及び課題を達成するために、非接触・非破壊条件下で測定した、鑑定対象貨幣の表面近傍(例えば貨幣表面から0.5mm深さ程度までの情報を主体とする)の元素成分情報及び状態情報(特に貨幣表面近傍の金属状態、照りや古色(トーン))などから成る科学的計測情報と、鑑定対象となる貨幣群全体に対して用意された貨幣刻印に関するデータベース情報及び貨幣成分に関するデータベース情報等の各種客観的データベース情報とに基付き、鑑定対象貨幣の統計的処理と数値解析的処理とから真偽判定の為の知的判断情報を得ると共に鑑定対象貨幣を構成する各種成分に関して様々な側面からの妥当性検証を実施することによって、真偽判定又は良否判定の為の結論を導き出すシステムを構築しなければならない。
従って、非破壊にて貨幣の真贋又は良否を鑑定するシステムにおいて、鑑定対象の貨幣を構成または形成する成分の情報を測定して成分測定情報を獲得する成分測定情報獲得手段と、鑑定対象の貨幣の状態情報を獲得する状態情報獲得手段と、前記貨幣を構成する成分又は成分の組み合わせ評価値が前記貨幣の真正品の定められた成分構成条件の範囲または統計的に求められた推定成分構成条件の範囲に入るかどうか判定する成分構成条件判定手段と、前記鑑定対象の貨幣から検出された貨幣を構成又は形成する成分の中の注目すべき成分の構成値を前記成分測定情報と貨幣の状態情報とを組み合わせて推定する特定成分構成推定手段と、前記鑑定対象の貨幣を構成又は形成する成分の中の前記注目すべき成分の測定値が前記特定成分構成推定手段によって得られた推定値の範囲に入るかどうか判定する手段と、を備えることによって、目的とする貨幣科学鑑定システムを提供する。
In order to achieve the above-mentioned objects and problems, elemental component information of the vicinity of the surface of the appraisal money (for example, mainly from the surface of the money to a depth of about 0.5 mm) measured under non-contact and non-destructive conditions And scientific information including state information (especially the metal state near the surface of money, shine and old color (tone)), and database information and monetary components related to money stamps prepared for the entire group of money to be judged On the basis of various objective database information such as database information, etc., regarding the various components that constitute the appraisal currency as well as obtaining intellectual judgment information for authenticity judgment from the statistical processing and numerical analysis processing of the appraisal currency A system for deriving a conclusion for authenticity or pass / fail judgment must be established by performing validation from various aspects.
Therefore, in a system for non-destructively determining the authenticity or quality of money, component measurement information acquisition means for acquiring component measurement information by measuring information of components constituting or forming the money to be verified, and the money to be verified The state information acquisition means for acquiring the state information, and the component constituting the money or the combination evaluation value of the ingredients are the range of the component constituting condition determined for the genuine product of the money or the estimated component constituting condition obtained statistically Component composition condition judging means for judging whether or not to fall within the range of the component, the component measurement information and the state of the money, the composition value of the component to be noted among the components constituting or forming the money detected from the money to be judged Specific component configuration estimation means for combining and estimating information, and a measured value of the noteworthy component in the components constituting or forming the appraisal target money is the specific component configuration estimation It means for determining whether to enter the range of the estimated values obtained by means by providing, to provide a monetary science expert system of interest.
本発明が提供する貨幣科学鑑定システムにより、対象貨幣に対して、その構成成分の観点から真正品として妥当かどうかという客観的かつ知的な判断情報を提示することができる。この新たな判断情報を、拡大鏡等を用いた貨幣の刻印等における約束事項や表面状態などの妥当性確認情報と組み合わせて鑑定に用いることにより、これまでよりも緻密かつ科学的な専門鑑定が可能となる為、従来よりも信頼性の高い鑑定サービスを提供できる。 The monetary science appraisal system provided by the present invention can present objective and intelligent judgment information as to whether or not a target money is appropriate as a genuine product from the viewpoint of its constituent components. By using this new judgment information in combination with validation information such as promised items and surface conditions in the engraving of money using a magnifying glass, etc., a more precise and scientific professional appraisal can be achieved. This makes it possible to provide an appraisal service with higher reliability than before.
本発明の提供する専門的かつ科学的貨幣鑑定システムとその鑑定手続きの流れについて、金属貨幣を対象とした鑑定システムの実施例を図1に示す。以下、図1に示した本発明における貨幣鑑定手続きの流れについて詳しく説明する。
なお、本発明による貨幣科学鑑定システムは、以下に説明する鑑定依頼貨幣受付からはじまり貨幣成分鑑定書の発行までの流れを、コンピュータシステムを用いてその鑑定手順を表示画面に示しながら、専用の測定システム、解析システム、及び鑑定のために必要な種々のデータベース等を活用して行うものであり、これらの具体的ハードウェア構成及び端末での具体的操作に関する説明は省略する。
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of an appraisal system for metal money regarding the flow of the professional and scientific money appraisal system and the appraisal procedure provided by the present invention. Hereinafter, the flow of the money appraisal procedure in the present invention shown in FIG. 1 will be described in detail.
The monetary science appraisal system according to the present invention uses a computer system to display the appraisal procedure on the display screen from the receipt of appraisal request money reception described below to the issuance of the monetary component appraisal. The system, the analysis system, and various databases necessary for the appraisal are used, and the description regarding the specific hardware configuration and the specific operation at the terminal is omitted.
[1]鑑定依頼貨幣(コイン)受付(ステップS1)
対象となる貨幣の鑑定を受け付ける。ここでは、対象貨幣に関する情報や貨幣鑑定人の設定した鑑定受付条件に合致するかどうか確認し、必要な情報を獲得した上で受付処理を行う。例えば、鑑定依頼人は対象貨幣を貨幣鑑定人に預け、貨幣鑑定人は必要な情報の獲得と確認、すなわち、対象貨幣に関連する基本事項の記載、鑑定依頼人の鑑定内容に関する希望、鑑定対象となっている貨幣に相当するか否かの確認、鑑定品の基本的な状態の確認と記録、過去の鑑定履歴情報の確認、入手場所及び時期に関する情報、保存環境の確認、鑑定番号の設定などを行った上で、対象貨幣を本発明の鑑定システムに投入する。
[1] Appraisal request money (coin) reception (step S1)
Accept appraisal of the target currency. Here, it is confirmed whether or not it matches the information on the target currency and the appraisal acceptance conditions set by the money appraiser, and after receiving necessary information, the acceptance processing is performed. For example, the appraisal client deposits the target money with the money appraiser, and the money appraiser acquires and confirms the necessary information, that is, describes the basic matters related to the target money, requests regarding the appraisal client's appraisal content, and is subject to the appraisal. Confirmation of whether or not it corresponds to the current currency, confirmation and recording of the basic status of the appraisal product, confirmation of past appraisal history information, information on the location and time of acquisition, confirmation of the storage environment, setting of the appraisal number, etc. Then, the target money is put into the appraisal system of the present invention.
[2]事前の予備鑑定(刻印予備鑑定による事前のソーティング及び不良除去)(ステップS2)
事前に予備鑑定を貨幣鑑定人が行い、本鑑定([3]以降の処理)を実施するに値するか否か判定し、鑑定人の設定した条件に基付いて必要な処理を実施する。例えば、明らかな不良品又は偽造貨であり研究価値も無いと判断されれば、その旨を鑑定依頼人に伝え、返品するかそれとも鑑定依頼人の意思で鑑定を続け鑑定書を発行するかを鑑定依頼人に確認する。不良品又は偽造貨でも研究価値があると判断されれば、その旨を鑑定依頼人に伝えて鑑定書を発行するか否かを確認し、鑑定打ち切りの意思が示された時には、鑑定技術に関する研究及び鑑定システムのデータベースを充実させる観点から、鑑定依頼人承諾のもとで、鑑定人の費用にて鑑定を続ける。[4]及び[5]に示す「貨幣の表面付近の元素成分測定」以降の処理のみを実施する場合もある。事前鑑定において問題ない(鑑定に値する)と判断されれば、無条件で[3]以降の本鑑定に移行する。
[2] Prior preliminary appraisal (preliminary sorting and defect removal by engraving preliminary appraisal) (step S2)
A preliminary appraisal is performed in advance by a money appraiser, and it is determined whether it is worth performing the main appraisal (the processing after [3]), and necessary processing is performed based on the conditions set by the appraiser. For example, if it is judged that the product is an obvious defective product or counterfeit and has no research value, it will be communicated to the appraisal client and returned or the appraisal will be continued and the appraisal will be issued. Confirm with the client. If it is judged that defective products or counterfeit coins are worth research, it will be confirmed to the appraiser and whether or not an appraisal will be issued. From the viewpoint of enhancing the database of research and appraisal systems, the appraisal will be continued at the appraiser's expense with the consent of the appraiser. In some cases, only the processing after “measurement of elemental components near the surface of money” shown in [4] and [5] is performed. If it is determined that there is no problem in the prior appraisal (deserves appraisal), the present appraisal is transferred unconditionally to [3] and later.
[3]専門刻印鑑定(貨幣の刻印に関する詳細な本鑑定)(ステップS3)
この工程では、本格的な貨幣の刻印鑑定を実施する。貨幣の刻印鑑定とは、基本的に、鑑定対象貨幣に打刻された絵柄の刻印や貨幣の縁(エッジ部)のギザの刻印が真正品とみなして良いかどうかを、対象貨幣の刻印の造り(打刻された刻印の構造及び表面粗さやシャープさ等の刻印の出来)や約束事(貨幣の刻印分類上の特徴やその組み合わせ等の約束事)を、拡大鏡や、コンピュータ等による画像データなどのパターンマッチング処理(真正品のデータと比較する)によって、綿密に検査して、判断することである。量目(重量)や外形寸法などの物理的な約束事も検査する。対象貨幣の精密な写真もこの工程で撮っておき、鑑定対象貨幣の識別(対象貨幣であることを証明するID写真として使用する)に用いたり、デジタルデータ化してマッチング処理で用いたりする。また、最後の工程3−4にて、貨幣成分鑑定([4]及び[5]の処理工程)で用いる情報や貨幣のグレードを評価する為の情報として、対象貨幣の表面状態情報を測定・検査する手段(状態情報獲得手段)を設ける。貨幣表面の状態情報とは、主として、対象貨幣の表面粗さの状態、色やトーンの状態、輝きや反射の状態、傷や埃の状態、人工的な磨きや処置の状態等であり、特に、貨幣成分鑑定では、貨幣成分データベースを分類したり検索したりするインデックス情報として重要である。表面状態情報を測定・検査する手段としては、光度計やふく射計、分光器、拡大鏡などが用いられる。刻印鑑定をより厳密に行う為に、専門の貨幣刻印鑑定人が鑑定を実施するのが望ましい。
[3] Professional stamping appraisal (detailed appraisal regarding money stamping) (step S3)
In this process, a full-fledged imprint appraisal is performed. The imprinting of money basically means whether the imprinting of the pattern imprinted on the money subject to the appraisal or the indentation of the edge of the money can be regarded as genuine. Structure (engraved stamp structure, surface roughness, sharpness, etc.) and conventions (proposals such as money stamp classification features and combinations), magnifier, computer image data, etc. This is to make a thorough inspection and judgment by pattern matching processing (comparing with genuine data). Physical conventions such as quantity (weight) and external dimensions are also inspected. A precise photograph of the target currency is also taken in this step and used for identification of the currency to be verified (used as an ID photo for proving that it is a target currency) or converted into digital data for use in matching processing. Further, in the last step 3-4, the surface condition information of the target money is measured and used as information used in the money component appraisal (processing steps [4] and [5]) and information for evaluating the money grade. Means for inspecting (state information acquisition means) is provided. The state information of the money surface is mainly the surface roughness state of the target money, the state of color and tone, the state of brightness and reflection, the state of scratches and dust, the state of artificial polishing and treatment, etc. In the monetary component identification, it is important as index information for classifying or searching the monetary component database. As a means for measuring / inspecting the surface state information, a photometer, a radiation meter, a spectroscope, a magnifying glass, or the like is used. In order to carry out the stamp appraisal more strictly, it is desirable that a specialized money stamp appraiser performs the appraisal.
おおよその流れは、図1の[3]専門刻印鑑定に記載した3−1から3−4に示したとおりであるが、手順は必ずしも本例の順で行う必要はないし、専門の熟練者(専門の刻印鑑定人)が鑑定作業を行う場合は、コンピュータによるマッチング処理を必要としない場合もある。
なお、工程3−1、3−3、にてNG(不良)と認定された場合、[3]専門刻印鑑定上不良品または偽造品と鑑定したことになり、OK(良品)と認定された場合、真正品と鑑定されたことになる。真正品と鑑定された場合、原則としてそのグレードも提示する。不良品の場合も、場合によってはグレードを提示する場合がある。
なお、ここでは金属貨幣の鑑定を例にとり説明しているが、紙幣などの紙製の貨幣においても、刻印に関する情報や約束事の代わりに印刷上の情報や約束事を使用すれば、同様な鑑定処理が可能となる。
The general flow is as shown in 3-1 to 3-4 described in [3] Professional stamping appraisal in FIG. 1, but the procedure does not necessarily have to be performed in the order of this example. When a professional engraving expert) performs an appraisal operation, a matching process by a computer may not be required.
In addition, when it was certified as NG (defective) in Steps 3-1, 3-3, it was judged as [3] defective or counterfeit on the professional engraving and was recognized as OK (good). In this case, it is judged as a genuine product. If it is judged as genuine, the grade is also presented in principle. In the case of defective products, grades may be presented in some cases.
In this example, the appraisal of metal money is taken as an example, but for paper money such as banknotes, the same appraisal process can be used if information on printing and promises are used instead of information on stamps and promises. Is possible.
[4]貨幣の表面付近の元素成分測定(成分測定情報獲得手段)(ステップS4)
[3]専門刻印鑑定にて必要と認められた場合、鑑定依頼人が強く望んだ場合、研究的な要求が有る場合など、鑑定の精度・信用、権威などをより高く保つ為や、貨幣の構成元素成分に関する統計的データや科学的データを蓄積していく為に、[4]貨幣の表面付近の元素成分測定を実施し、貨幣を構成又は形成する詳細な成分情報を獲得する。この工程を、成分測定情報獲得手段と呼んでいる。
この工程では、X線装置や加速器装置などの測定装置を用いて非破壊、非接触(接触したとしても貨幣に傷を付けないこと)条件下にて、対象貨幣の表面付近を中心に全ての構成元素成分について測定する。使用する測定装置によっても異なるが、表面からの測定深さはおよそ0.5ミリメートル程度以上有効な高性能測定装置を用いることが望ましい。加速器を用いた大規模な測定装置を用いれば、数ミリメートル厚程度の金属貨幣でも深さ方向に貫通して測定可能なものもある。大量の個数(例えば50個前後を1ロットとして定期的に測定を実施する等)を、機械的かつ自動的に連続計測処理して、計測する各貨幣対応の成分構成比率等の計測結果データファイルをコンピュータで自動的に作成することなどの工夫や、夜間又は計測装置が空いている時などに一括して計測処理をアサインすることにより、計測コストについても大幅に低減できる。解析や判断は、機械が自動的に採取した構成元素のリストの中で誤認識が考えられる元素の確認や微修正以外の人為的な専門的処理は本工程では行わず、次の[5]専門成分鑑定にて、[3]専門刻印鑑定の工程3−4で得られた対象貨幣の表面状態情報とこの工程で得られた対象貨幣の構成元素成分情報とを組み合わせて総合的にかつ一括して実施することにより、解析コストの多重発生を防ぐことができ、鑑定コストを低減できる。また、全元素の計測チャートファイル(全元素スペクトラム等、生の計測データ)を各計測貨幣に対応して自動生成しておけば、[5]専門成分鑑定にて更に微小な元素成分に関する情報として利用することができる。
[4] Element component measurement near the surface of money (component measurement information acquisition means) (step S4)
[3] If it is deemed necessary by the professional engraving, if the requester strongly desires, or if there is a research requirement, etc., in order to keep the accuracy, credibility, authority, etc. of the appraisal higher, In order to accumulate statistical data and scientific data related to constituent element components, [4] elemental component measurement near the surface of money is performed, and detailed component information constituting or forming money is acquired. This process is called component measurement information acquisition means.
In this process, using a measuring device such as an X-ray device or an accelerator device, all of the area around the surface of the target money is collected under non-destructive and non-contact conditions (does not damage the money even if contacted). The constituent element components are measured. Although it varies depending on the measurement device to be used, it is desirable to use a high-performance measurement device that has an effective measurement depth of about 0.5 mm or more from the surface. If a large-scale measuring device using an accelerator is used, some metal coins having a thickness of several millimeters can be measured by penetrating in the depth direction. Measurement result data file such as component composition ratios corresponding to each monetary quantity that is measured by mechanically and automatically continuously measuring a large number of pieces (for example, periodically measuring about 50 pieces as one lot). The measurement cost can be greatly reduced by assigning the measurement process at once, for example, by automatically creating a computer with a computer, or at night or when the measurement device is available. Analysis and judgment are not performed in this process, except for the confirmation and fine correction of elements that may be misrecognized in the list of component elements automatically collected by the machine. [3] Comprehensive and collective processing by combining the surface state information of the target currency obtained in step 3-4 of the professional engraving appraisal and the constituent element component information of the target currency obtained in this step. By implementing this, it is possible to prevent multiple analysis costs from occurring and to reduce the appraisal cost. In addition, if a measurement chart file for all elements (raw measurement data such as all element spectrum) is automatically generated for each measurement currency, [5] As information on more minute elemental components in professional component identification Can be used.
ここでは、全元素を測定することを提案しているが、測定装置によっては元素の質量等の条件により測定に得手、不得手があるため、主要元素の範囲が決っているならば予め測定対象とする元素の範囲を決めておき、それに適した測定装置を選択して成分計測を行っても良い。
尚、元素成分を測定することを例に解説したが、その測定成分単位は、複数の元素から構成される分子成分をひとつの成分単位として扱って計測しても良いし、複数の元素をひとつの組み合わせ成分として扱って計測しても良い。
Here, it is proposed to measure all elements, but depending on the measuring device, there are strengths and weaknesses in measurement depending on conditions such as the mass of the element, so if the range of the main element is determined, the measurement target It is also possible to determine the range of elements and to select a measurement apparatus suitable for the element range and perform component measurement.
Although an example of measuring elemental components has been explained, the measurement component unit may be measured by treating a molecular component composed of a plurality of elements as one component unit, or a plurality of elements may be measured one by one. It may be measured as a combination component.
[5]専門成分鑑定(貨幣の成分に関する詳細な本鑑定であり、成分測定情報と表面状態情報とに基付く解析及び知的判断情報の提示)(ステップS5)
この工程では、[4]貨幣の表面付近の元素成分測定にて計測された対象貨幣の表面付近を構成する元素成分は、様々な貨幣の表面付近の状態(表面状態やグレード評価)や、貨幣の発行年号帯(年号帯による元素成分の変化や、経過時間と保存状況による変化など)等によってかなり変化する。この変化情報を捕らえて成分による貨幣鑑定に結び付ける為に、事前に統計処理された大量の真正品や偽造品の類似(近似)貨幣成分情報に関して分類された多くの貨幣成分データベースを設けて、鑑定対象貨幣に適用すべきデータベースを決定して解析処理や比較処理に用い、成分に関する良否判定を実施する。
[5] Expert component appraisal (detailed appraisal regarding the components of money, presentation of analysis and intelligent judgment information based on component measurement information and surface condition information) (step S5)
In this process, [4] the elemental component constituting the vicinity of the surface of the target money measured by measuring the elemental component near the surface of the money is the state near the surface of the various money (surface condition and grade evaluation), the money It changes considerably depending on the year of issue (changes in elemental components due to year, changes in elapsed time and storage conditions, etc.) In order to capture this change information and link it to monetary appraisal by component, many monetary component databases classified with respect to similar (approximate) monetary component information of a large amount of genuine and counterfeit products that have been statistically processed in advance are established and appraised. A database to be applied to the target currency is determined and used for analysis processing and comparison processing, and quality determination regarding components is performed.
鑑定対象貨幣に適用すべきデータベースの決定には、前述した表面付近の状態情報や年号帯情報などをインデックス情報として用いる。すなわち、[3]専門刻印鑑定の「3−4:刻印の表面状態情報計測及びグレード評価」における計測・検査結果が重要である。特に、表面状態情報は、長年における貨幣表面付近の化学変化により成分変化や表面に付着した元素による成分変化、貨幣の造りや表面粗さに伴う様々な変化等の変化情報を含んでいるため、データベースを分類する上で大変重要である。また、グレード評価も、保存状態を推定し、その情報によってデータベースを分類する上で有用である。 For the determination of the database to be applied to the appraisal currency, the above-mentioned state information near the surface, year era information, etc. are used as index information. That is, the measurement / inspection results in “3-4: Measurement of surface state information and grade evaluation of engraving” in [3] Professional engraving appraisal are important. Especially, the surface condition information includes change information such as component changes due to chemical changes near the surface of money over the years, component changes due to elements attached to the surface, various changes due to money making and surface roughness, etc. It is very important in classifying databases. Grade evaluation is also useful for estimating the storage status and classifying the database according to the information.
成分上の良否を見極める為の初期的な比較判断処理として、本成分鑑定では基本的な成分情報又はその組み合わせ比率や差などの基本的な評価値情報が、真正品の評価値範囲(元素成分構成条件の範囲又は統計的に求められた推定成分構成条件の範囲)にあるかどうかの検査を実施する。含まれているべき又は含まれていてはならない基本的な成分情報の検査もこの中で行う。問題がある場合には対話型の判定システムにより専門の判定者(成分に関する鑑定人)がより複雑な組み合わせ条件を勘案し、精度の高い貨幣成分に関する良否判定を行う。この基本的な成分構成に関する比較判断処理を成分構成条件判定手段と呼んでいる。尚、この対話型システム方式は、後述する鑑定対象貨幣に適用すべき貨幣成分のデータベースやそれに対応する評価関数を用いた解析処理や比較処理による成分に関する良否判定処理においても同様である。 As an initial comparison / determination process to determine the quality of components, basic evaluation information such as basic component information or combination ratios and differences in this component appraisal is the genuine evaluation value range (element component). It is checked whether it is within the range of the composition condition or the range of the estimated component composition condition obtained statistically). The basic component information that should or should not be included is also examined here. When there is a problem, an expert judgment person (appraiser concerning the component) makes a good / bad judgment on the highly accurate monetary component in consideration of more complicated combination conditions by an interactive judgment system. This comparison determination process relating to the basic component configuration is called component configuration condition determination means. Note that this interactive system method is the same in the pass / fail judgment processing relating to components by analysis processing and comparison processing using a database of monetary components to be applied to appraisal target currency, which will be described later, and an evaluation function corresponding thereto.
更に、鑑定対象貨幣から検出される元素成分の中の注目すべき成分の構成値を、その貨幣を構成するその他の成分測定情報と貨幣の状態情報とを組み合わせて、より複雑な統計処理や数値解析処理を用いて求めた評価関数によって推定する特定成分構成推定手段を設け、鑑定対象貨幣を構成又は形成する元素成分の中の注目すべき元素成分の測定値が前述の特定成分構成推定手段によって得られた推定値の範囲に入るかどうかを判定するため情報を提示する。その結果は、古銭など製造からかなりの年数が経過して表面状態が化学変化などにより変化している真正品と、後年製作されたものや手が加えられた偽造品や不良品とは異なる場合が多い。すなわち、多くの場合、近年製作された新しい表面状態を有する偽造貨幣かどうか、人為的に手が加えられていて真正品と異なる特殊な元素成分や元素成分構成になっていないか、等の情報を真正品の許容範囲との誤差として引き出すことが可能であり、良否を総合的に確認・判断することができる。このような、判定用の評価関数を、分類された成分データベース単位で設けたり、評価関数のパラメータを表面状態情報などの条件により変化させたり、評価関数に異なるタイプを準備したり、注目すべき元素成分を複数選択してそれぞれに評価関数を設けたり、などの評価関数の複数化によって、誤判定を防ぎ、鑑定情報の精度を高めることができる。 Furthermore, by combining the constituent values of notable components in the element components detected from the appraisal target currency with other component measurement information constituting the money and the state information of the money, more complicated statistical processing and numerical values A specific component configuration estimation unit is provided that estimates by an evaluation function obtained using an analysis process, and a measured value of an element component to be noted among the element components that constitute or form the appraisal money is determined by the specific component configuration estimation unit. Information is presented to determine whether it falls within the range of estimated values obtained. The result is different from genuine products whose surface condition has changed due to chemical changes after a considerable number of years since manufacture, such as old coins, and counterfeit products or defective products that have been manufactured in the later years or have been modified. There are many cases. That is, in many cases, information on whether or not it is a counterfeit coin with a new surface state that has been manufactured in recent years, whether it is a special element component or element component configuration that is artificially modified and different from the genuine product, etc. Can be extracted as an error from the allowable range of the genuine product, and the quality can be comprehensively confirmed and judged. It should be noted that such evaluation functions for determination are provided in units of classified component databases, parameters of evaluation functions are changed according to conditions such as surface state information, and different types of evaluation functions are prepared. By selecting a plurality of elemental components and providing an evaluation function for each of them, a plurality of evaluation functions such as an evaluation function can be prevented, and the accuracy of appraisal information can be improved.
鑑定対象貨幣における注目すべき元素成分が特定成分構成推定手段によって得られた推定値の範囲に入るかどうかの判定は、前述の成分構成条件判定手段による比較処理結果との組み合わせ条件も併用して総合的に決定する場合が多い。この作業をサポートする為に、成分構成条件判定手段による基本的な比較・判定処理の場合と同様、問題がある場合には対話型の判定システムにより専門の判定者(成分に関する鑑定人)がより複雑な組み合わせ条件を勘案し、精度の高い貨幣成分に関する良否判定を行う。そして、対象貨幣の最終的な成分鑑定の為の総合的な情報として、真偽判定又は良否判定に関する知的判断情報を提示する。 Judgment whether the notable element component in the appraisal money falls within the range of the estimated value obtained by the specific component composition estimation means is also used in combination with the combination condition with the comparison processing result by the component composition condition judgment means described above. In many cases, it is determined comprehensively. In order to support this work, as in the case of basic comparison / determination processing by the component composition condition determination means, if there is a problem, an expert decision judge (appraiser regarding ingredients) becomes more complicated by an interactive decision system. In consideration of various combination conditions, a pass / fail judgment regarding a highly accurate monetary component is performed. Then, as comprehensive information for final component appraisal of the target currency, intelligent judgment information regarding authenticity determination or pass / fail determination is presented.
尚、ここでは測定する成分単位を元素成分として解説したが、複数の元素から構成される分子成分をひとつの成分単位として扱って解析・評価に用いても良いし、複数の元素をひとつの組み合わせ成分として扱って解析・評価に用いても良い。これらの、成分単位に関する条件設定は、成分測定装置の性質にも依存しており、成分データベースや評価関数の性質や構築方法もそれに合わせて変化してくるか、本発明の成分鑑定における本質的な部分に変わりは無い。 Although the component units to be measured are explained here as elemental components, molecular components composed of multiple elements may be treated as one component unit and used for analysis and evaluation, or multiple elements may be combined in one You may treat as a component and use for analysis and evaluation. These condition settings for component units also depend on the properties of the component measuring device, and the properties and construction methods of the component database and evaluation function will change accordingly. There is no change in this part.
処理の大まかな流れは、図1の[5]専門成分鑑定の5−1から5−3に示したとおりであるが、本発明の重要な要件であるため、以下に更に詳しく説明する。
(1)5−1:表面状態分類に基付く真正品の成分データベースと対象貨幣の成分計測情報との比較処理(各成分又はその組み合わせ情報をデータベースと比較)とは、前述した「基本的な成分情報又はその組み合わせ比率や差などの基本的な情報が、真正品の範囲にあるかどうかの検査」に相当し、成分構成条件判定手段を設けて基本的な比較・判定情報を得る工程である。対象貨幣に、この工程で明らかに不良とみなせる成分が決められた範囲以上含まれていた場合や、明らかに異なる成分構成比率が確認できた場合には、その時点で、対象貨幣を不良と判定することも可能であるが、単純に判断できない問題がある場合には対話型の判定システムにより専門の判定者(成分に関する鑑定人)がより複雑な組み合わせ条件を勘案し、精度の高い貨幣成分に関する良否判定を行う。比較処理は、コンピュータを用いて、対象貨幣が属すると考えられる基本的な成分データベースを選択し(前述したように表面状態情報などから分類された適切な成分データベースを選択する)、それと比較して良否判定のための情報を生成する。また、ここで得られた情報は、5−2、5−3の工程でも使用する。
The rough flow of the processing is as shown in [5] Expert component identification 5-1 to 5-3 in FIG. 1 and is an important requirement of the present invention, and will be described in more detail below.
(1) 5-1: Comparison processing between the genuine component database based on the surface state classification and the component measurement information of the target money (compare each component or its combination information with the database) This is equivalent to `` inspecting whether basic information such as component information or a combination ratio or difference thereof is within the range of genuine products '', and is a process of obtaining basic comparison / determination information by providing component constituent condition determination means is there. If the target currency contains more than a certain range of components that can be clearly regarded as defective in this process, or if a clearly different component composition ratio can be confirmed, the target currency is determined to be defective at that time. However, if there is a problem that cannot be judged simply, an expert judgment person (appraiser on the ingredient) will take into account more complicated combination conditions by using an interactive judgment system. Make a decision. The comparison process uses a computer to select a basic component database that the target money is considered to belong to (select an appropriate component database classified from the surface state information as described above) and compare it with it. Information for pass / fail judgment is generated. The information obtained here is also used in steps 5-2 and 5-3.
(2)5−2:表面状態分類に基付く真正品の解析データベースと対象貨幣の成分解析情報との比較処理(成分解析情報をデータベースと比較)とは、前述した「鑑定対象貨幣を構成又は形成する元素成分の中の注目すべき元素成分の構成値を、その貨幣を構成するその他の成分測定情報と貨幣の状態情報とを組み合わせて、より複雑な統計処理や数値解析処理を用いて求めた評価関数によって推定する」に相当し、特定成分構成推定手段を設けて鑑定対象貨幣から検出される(すなわち貨幣を構成又は形成する成分のひとつとみなす事ができる)元素成分の中の注目すべき元素成分(特に貨幣表面付近から検出される成分)の測定値が前述の特定成分構成推定手段によって得られた推定値の範囲に入るかどうかを判定するため情報を提示する工程である。原則として、評価関数は分類された貨幣成分等のデータベースに対応して設けられ、そのデータベースの性質や特徴を総合的に表現した関数とみなすことが出来る。その評価関数に鑑定対象貨幣の成分計測データを代入して数値解析を実施すると、対象貨幣における注目すべき元素成分の推定値が直ちに計算され、選択したデータベースにおける許容範囲(例えば真正品としての許容範囲)を勘案した推定値の範囲を決定することができる。そして、その推定値の許容範囲と実際の注目元素成分の測定値とを比較することにより、対象貨幣の成分に異常が無いかどうかを判定する為の情報を得ることができる。データベースを複数用意しておけば、評価関数も複数用意でき、貨幣成分に関して更に総合的かつ多角的な良否判定の為の多くの情報を獲得することができる。この様に、機械的な手法で、前記鑑定対象の貨幣を構成又は形成する成分の中の注目すべき成分の測定値が特定成分構成推定手段によって得られた推定値の範囲に入るかどうか判定する手段を設けることによって、容易に成分鑑定における判断情報を鑑定人に提示したり、多くの情報を効率よく整理し5−3における高度な知的判断情報の提示を実施したりすることが可能となる。尚、基本的に、どの評価関数を主体的に使用するか或いは優先するか、どの評価関数の結果をどの様に組み合わせて使用するかなどの最終的な判断は、製造時期の年号帯やグレード評価・保存状況などの鑑定対象貨幣の基本的な情報及び、[3]専門刻印鑑定の3−4で得られた鑑定対象貨幣の表面状態情報を基にして再度5−3にて吟味し、知的かつ総合的に実施する。 (2) 5-2: Comparison processing between the analysis database of genuine products based on the surface state classification and the component analysis information of the target currency (comparing the component analysis information with the database) The constituent value of the element element to be noted among the elemental elements to be formed is obtained by combining more information on the measurement of the other constituents of the money and the state information of the money, using more complicated statistical processing and numerical analysis processing. It is equivalent to “estimated by an evaluation function”, and a specific component component estimation means is provided to detect an element component that is detected from the appraisal money (that can be regarded as one of the components constituting or forming money). Provides information to determine whether the measured value of the power element component (especially the component detected from the vicinity of the money surface) falls within the range of the estimated value obtained by the above-mentioned specific component configuration estimation means It is a process. In principle, an evaluation function is provided corresponding to a database of classified money components and the like, and can be regarded as a function that comprehensively represents the characteristics and characteristics of the database. When numerical analysis is performed by substituting the component measurement data of the appraisal currency into the evaluation function, an estimated value of the element component of interest in the target currency is immediately calculated, and the allowable range in the selected database (e.g. The range of the estimated value considering the range) can be determined. Then, information for determining whether or not there is an abnormality in the component of the target currency can be obtained by comparing the allowable range of the estimated value with the actual measured value of the element of interest element. If a plurality of databases are prepared, a plurality of evaluation functions can be prepared, and a lot of information for comprehensive and diversified quality determination regarding money components can be acquired. In this way, a mechanical method is used to determine whether or not the measured value of the component to be noted among the components constituting or forming the money to be verified falls within the range of the estimated value obtained by the specific component configuration estimation means. It is possible to easily present judgment information in component appraisal to the appraiser, or to organize a large amount of information efficiently and to present advanced intelligent judgment information in 5-3. Become. Basically, the final decision on which evaluation function is to be used or prioritized, and which evaluation function results are used in combination is based on the year of the production period, Based on the basic information of the currency subject to appraisal, such as grade evaluation and storage status, and the surface condition information of the appraisal currency obtained in [3] Special Engraving Appraisal 3-4, examine again in 5-3. Implement intelligently and comprehensively.
(3)5−3:真偽判定又は良否判定に関する知的判断情報提示(成分計測情報との比較情報や成分解析情報との比較情報及び刻印鑑定情報などに基付き、多角的な側面からの妥当性検証を行い、真偽判定又は良否判定の為の知的判断情報を提示)とは、5−2、5−3によって得られた良否判定の為の多くの情報を主体として、[3]専門刻印鑑定の3−4で得られた鑑定対象貨幣の表面状態情報を中心とする刻印鑑定情報を再度考慮して、総合的に成分鑑定における真偽判定又は良否判定の為の知的判断情報を貨幣鑑定人に提示する工程である。成分鑑定における真偽判定又は良否判定の為の知的判断情報は、コンピュータを用いた対話型システムによって、専門の成分鑑定人が、コンピュータから提示された解析結果や予備判断情報を基にして最終的な知的判断処理を厳正に行い、貨幣鑑定人に対して提示される。なお、結果が明らかな場合(明らかに不良品、又は、偽造品である場合など)は、専門の成分鑑定人による知的判断を必要としない場合もある。また、コンピュータによる対話型システムを用いずに、専門の成分鑑定人が直接的に情報処理を行い、知的判断情報を提示してもよい。鑑定書の作成・発行を行い、鑑定結果を保証する立場にある貨幣鑑定人は、7.貨幣成分鑑定書の発行の工程において、本工程で提示された成分鑑定に関する判断情報をよく確認して最終的な結論を下す必要がある。 (3) 5-3: Intellectual judgment information presentation regarding authenticity determination or pass / fail judgment (based on comparison information with component measurement information, comparison information with component analysis information, and stamped appraisal information, etc., from various aspects) Validity verification is performed and intelligent judgment information for authenticity determination or pass / fail determination is presented), with a large amount of information for pass / fail determination obtained by 5-2 and 5-3 as the subject, [3 ] Intelligent judgment for authenticity determination or pass / fail judgment comprehensively in component appraisal, considering again the stamp appraisal information centered on the surface condition information of the money to be appraised obtained in 3-4 of the special engraving appraisal This is a process of presenting information to a money appraiser. Intellectual judgment information for authenticity judgment or pass / fail judgment in component appraisal is finalized by a specialized component appraiser based on analysis results and preliminary judgment information presented by a computer using an interactive system using a computer. The intellectual judgment process is strictly performed and presented to the money appraiser. If the result is clear (eg, it is clearly a defective product or a counterfeit product), it may not require an intellectual judgment by a specialist component expert. In addition, a specialized component appraiser may directly process information and present intelligent judgment information without using a computer interactive system. A money appraiser who creates and issues an appraisal and guarantees the appraisal results is In the process of issuing a monetary component appraisal, it is necessary to make a final conclusion by carefully confirming the judgment information regarding the component appraisal presented in this step.
[6]貨幣刻印鑑定書の発行([3]専門刻印鑑定に基付き、貨幣鑑定人より「貨幣刻印鑑定書」を発行)(ステップS6)
貨幣刻印鑑定書は、鑑定対象貨幣の外観的な情報(基本的な貨幣の刻印情報やその表面状態情報など)から厳密に貨幣鑑定を行った結果を記してその鑑定結果を保証するものである。最終的な刻印の真贋又は良否に関する鑑定結果を判断・決定する情報は、3.専門刻印鑑定の3−1、3−3が主体となり、グレード評価等については、[3]専門刻印鑑定の3−4が主体となる。基本的に、3−1、3−3の何れかにおいてNG(不良又は偽造)と判断されれば、刻印鑑定上は原則として真正品としての評価は得られない。真正品として評価される為には、原則として3−1、3−3いずれにおいてもOKと判断される必要がある。
[6] Issuance of money stamp appraisal ([3] Issuance of “monetary stamp appraisal” from the money appraiser based on the special stamp appraisal) (step S6)
The money stamp appraisal certificate guarantees the appraisal result by describing the result of rigorous money appraisal from the external information (basic money stamp information and surface condition information, etc.) of the money to be appraised. . Information for judging and determining the appraisal result regarding the authenticity or quality of the final stamp is 3. Specialized stamp appraisal 3-1 and 3-3 are the main constituents, and grade evaluation and the like are mainly [3] Professional stamped appraisal 3-4. Basically, if it is judged as NG (defective or counterfeit) in any one of 3-1, 3-3, in principle, an evaluation as a genuine product cannot be obtained in the stamping appraisal. In order to be evaluated as a genuine product, in principle, it is necessary to determine that both 3-1 and 3-3 are OK.
但し、3−1、3−2において不良とみなされても、その判定結果に不確実性が含まれていると専門の貨幣刻印鑑定人が判断した場合には、[5]専門成分鑑定の結果を待ってから、その情報を参考にして最終的な判断を実施したり、[7]貨幣成分鑑定書の発行における最終的な成分鑑定結果に最終的な真偽判定をゆだねたりすることもあり得る。
貨幣刻印鑑定書の発行は、一般的には、良品、真正品に対してのみ発行する場合も多い。本実施例では、図1の6−1及び6−2に示した様に、貨幣に異常が無い場合には、貨幣が刻印鑑定上真正品である事及びグレードを証明する貨幣刻印鑑定書を発行し、貨幣に異常が有る場合には、刻印鑑定上異常が有ること及びグレードを証明する貨幣刻印鑑定書を発行する。これにより、真正品の価値を保証してその資産価値を維持・向上させていくと共に、不良品・偽造品が再度真正品として流通しない様にする効果が得られる。
However, even if 3-1 and 3-2 are regarded as defective, if a professional money stamp appraiser determines that the determination result includes uncertainty, [5] the result of expert component evaluation After that, the final judgment may be carried out with reference to the information, or the final authenticity determination result may be left to the final component appraisal result in [7] issuance of the monetary component appraisal report. obtain.
In general, there are many cases in which a money stamp certificate is issued only for non-defective products and genuine products. In this embodiment, as shown in 6-1 and 6-2 of FIG. 1, when there is no abnormality in the money, the money stamp certificate that proves that the money is genuine and the grade is displayed. If there is an abnormality in the money issued, issue a money stamp certificate that proves that there is an abnormality in the stamp identification and the grade. As a result, the value of the genuine product is guaranteed and the asset value is maintained and improved, and the defective product and the counterfeit product are prevented from being distributed as a genuine product again.
[7]貨幣成分鑑定書の発行([5]専門成分鑑定、特に「成分測定情報と表面状態情報とに基付く解析及び知的判断情報の提示(5−3)」に基付き、貨幣鑑定人より「貨幣成分鑑定書」を発行)(ステップS7)
貨幣成分鑑定書は、鑑定対象貨幣を構成する成分に関する情報(特に貨幣表面付近の元素成分を貨幣表面付近の状態情報を考慮して測定・解析した情報など)から厳密に貨幣鑑定を行った結果を記してその鑑定結果を保証するものである。最終的な対象貨幣の成分に関する真贋又は良否に関する鑑定結果を判断・決定する情報は、[5]専門成分鑑定の5−3の判断情報が主体となり、補助的に5−1、5−2の結果情報を参考又は再考して用いる。基本的に、5−3においてNG(不良又は偽造)と判断されれば、成分鑑定上は原則として真正品としての評価は得られない。最終的に真正品として評価される為には、原則として5−3においてもOKと判断され、かつ、専門刻印鑑定の3−1、3−3でもOKと判断される必要がある。
[7] Issuance of monetary component appraisal report ([5] Expert component appraisal, in particular based on “presentation of analysis and intelligent judgment information based on component measurement information and surface condition information (5-3)” Issue “Money Component Certificate” (Step S7)
The monetary component appraisal report is the result of rigorous monetary appraisal from information on the components constituting the monetary subject of appraisal (especially, information obtained by measuring and analyzing elemental components in the vicinity of the monetary surface in consideration of state information in the vicinity of the monetary surface). This guarantees the appraisal result. The information for judging / determining the appraisal results regarding the authenticity or quality of the final target currency component is mainly based on the judgment information of [5] Expert component appraisal 5-3. Use the result information with reference or reconsideration. Basically, if it is judged as NG (defective or counterfeit) in 5-3, an evaluation as a genuine product cannot be obtained in principle for component identification. In order to be finally evaluated as a genuine product, in principle, it is determined to be OK in 5-3, and it is also necessary to be determined to be OK in 3-1 and 3-3 of the professional stamp appraisal.
但し、専門刻印鑑定で真正品とみなされ、専門成分鑑定の5−3において不良とみなされた場合において、その成分鑑定の判定結果に不確実性が含まれていると専門の貨幣成分鑑定人が判断した場合には、出来る限り真正品を偽造品として誤認しない立場(疑わしきは罰せず)から、[3]専門刻印鑑定の結果を優先し、まずは刻印鑑定書の結果に基付き真正品として流通を許して、将来貨幣の刻印及び成分に関する鑑定技術が進歩してから再鑑定を薦めることが望ましい。また、[3]専門刻印鑑定に不確実性が含まれており(刻印鑑定上、疑問品又は良否判断の付かない要素がある等問題が有り真正品と断定できない)、[5]専門成分鑑定の5−3の判断では問題無いとみなされた場合も、その旨を記載した上で貨幣成分鑑定書の発行を行う場合や、成分鑑定上良品であると判断できる場合は真正品としての貨幣刻印鑑定書を発行することもあり得る。 However, if it is regarded as a genuine product by the professional engraving appraisal and it is regarded as defective in 5-3 of the professional component appraisal, the expert monetary component appraiser will indicate that the judgment result of the component appraisal includes uncertainty. If it is judged, from the standpoint of not mistaking a genuine product as a counterfeit product as much as possible (no punishment for suspicion), [3] give priority to the results of professional stamping appraisals, and first distribute them as authentic products based on the results of stamping appraisals It is advisable to recommend re-appraisal after the appraisal technology for the engraving and composition of money in the future advances. In addition, [3] Uncertainty is included in the professional stamping appraisal (there are problems such as questionable products or elements that cannot be judged as good or bad on the stamping appraisal) and [5] expert component appraisal. Even if it is considered that there is no problem in the judgment of 5-3, if it is judged that it is a non-defective product in the case of issuing a monetary component certificate after stating that fact, or if it can be judged that the component component is a good product A stamp certificate may be issued.
貨幣成分鑑定書の発行は、基本的に良品、不良品、何れに対しても行う。本実施例では、7−1及び7−2に示した様に、貨幣の成分に関して異常が無い場合には、貨幣が成分鑑定上良品である事又は異常が無い事を証明する貨幣成分鑑定書を発行し、貨幣の成分に関して異常が有る場合には、成分鑑定上不良品である事又は異常が有る事を証明する貨幣刻印鑑定書を発行する。これにより、刻印鑑定書と連携・協調して、従来よりも一段と貨幣鑑定の厳格性や信用性・信頼性を高め、良品、真正品の価値を高いレベルにて保証してその資産価値を更に高めていくと共に、不良品・偽造品が再度と真正品として流通しない様にする効果が得られる。 Issuance of a monetary component certificate is basically performed for both non-defective and defective products. In this embodiment, as shown in 7-1 and 7-2, when there is no abnormality with respect to the component of money, the monetary component certificate that proves that the money is a non-defective product or has no abnormality. If there is an abnormality in the component of money, issue a money stamp certificate that proves that it is a defective product or has an abnormality. As a result, in cooperation with the stamped certificate, the rigorousness, reliability, and reliability of the money appraisal will be further improved, and the value of non-defective products and genuine products will be guaranteed at a high level to further increase the asset value. In addition to the increase, it is possible to obtain an effect of preventing defective products and counterfeit products from being distributed again as genuine products.
以上、[1]から[7]において、図1に沿った本発明の実施例における詳しい説明を行った。この中で、[5]の(2)で述べた、貨幣の表面状態情報などをインデックスとして分類された成分データベースに基付き、そのデータベースの性質や特徴を総合的に表現した形で求められた評価関数(特定成分推定のための成分評価関数)について、基本的な評価式の求め方の例を以下に説明する。 As described above, in [1] to [7], the detailed description of the embodiment of the present invention according to FIG. 1 has been made. Based on the component database classified as an index, the surface condition information of money described in [2] of [5], it was obtained in a form that comprehensively expressed the nature and characteristics of the database. An example of how to obtain a basic evaluation formula for an evaluation function (component evaluation function for estimating a specific component) will be described below.
(a)ある分類のデータベースに属する同種の複数の貨幣成分を統計処理して分析・解析し、貨幣の表面付近から検出される注目すべき元素成分等の構成比率などが、他の検出成分とどの様な関係にあるか(例えば、他の成分とどの様な化合物を形成していて、良品であればどのような比率で検出されるべきかなど)を、他の検出成分や年号帯情報、表面状態情報などから推定し、他の成分の構成値、年号(貨幣が製造された西暦など)、表面状態情報を数値化した値、などを変数パラメータとした近似関数(推定評価関数)を導出して、次に統計処理によりその関数の必要な係数パラメータを推定していき、目的の評価関数を完成していく方法がある。例えば、
注目すべき元素成分の構成比率の変数パラメータ=y、
その他の元素成分の構成比率の変数パラメータ=x0、x1、x2、x3、x4、x5、x6、x7、
構成比率を調整するための重み付け係数パラメータ=a0、a1、a2、a3、a4、a5、a6、a7、b0、b1、b2、b3、b4
製造時の西暦年号パラメータ=p、
鑑定時点の西暦パラメータ=q、とし、
y(xn)=a0×(x0−b0)+a1×(x1+x2−b1)+a3×(x3+x4−b2)+a4×(a5×x5−x6−b3)+a6×(x7−x7×a7(p−q)+b4)
と言った様に、元素の構成比率の変数パラメータxnによって、注目すべき元素の変数パラメータyを導出する関数y(xn)を、統計処理的な手法でデータベースを解析して関数の形(近似解で良い)を推定し、例えば、そのデータベースの成分的に良品とみなせる貨幣が全て含まれるような(この関数の計算結果が良品とみなせる評価結果となるような)重み付け係数パラメータと算出評価結果の範囲(この関数により導き出したyの値が良品とみなせるばらつき範囲)を決定する。
(A) Statistical analysis and analysis of a plurality of money components of the same kind belonging to a database of a certain classification, and the composition ratio of notable element components detected from the vicinity of the surface of the money, etc. What kind of relationship (for example, what kind of compound is formed with other components and what ratio should be detected if it is a non-defective product) Approximate function (estimated evaluation function) with variable parameters estimated from information, surface state information, etc., and component values of other components, year (such as the year in which money was manufactured), and numerical values of surface state information ) And then estimating the necessary coefficient parameters of the function by statistical processing to complete the objective evaluation function. For example,
Variable parameter of component ratio of elemental elements to be noted = y,
Variable parameters of composition ratios of other element components = x0, x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7,
Weighting coefficient parameters for adjusting the composition ratio = a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, b0, b1, b2, b3, b4
Year era parameter at the time of manufacture = p,
The Christian calendar parameter at the time of appraisal = q,
y (xn) = a0 * (x0-b0) + a1 * (x1 + x2-b1) + a3 * (x3 + x4-b2) + a4 * (a5 * x5-x6-b3) + a6 * (x7-x7 * a7 (p-q) + B4)
As described above, the function y (xn) for deriving the variable parameter y of the element to be noticed by the variable parameter xn of the constituent ratio of the element is analyzed by analyzing the database by a statistical processing method, and the form of the function (approximation) For example, weighting coefficient parameters and calculation evaluation results that include all the money that can be regarded as non-defective components in the database (the calculation result of this function is an evaluation result that can be regarded as non-defective) (A variation range in which the value of y derived by this function can be regarded as a non-defective product) is determined.
これにより、例えばこの評価関数例では、ある鑑定対象貨幣が属すると推定される成分データベースの評価関数にその貨幣の元素成分構成比率x0�x7を代入すると、注目元素の構成推定値yが求まり、鑑定対象貨幣がもし不良品であれば、多くの場合、本来の良品における注目元素に関する構成推定値yの範囲から外れたy値が算出され、もし良品であれば、本来の良品における注目元素に関する構成推定値yの範囲内のy値が算出されることによって、成分鑑定における良否判断に使用できる情報が得られることになる。 Thus, for example, in this example of the evaluation function, when the element component composition ratio x0 � x7 of the money is substituted into the evaluation function of the component database estimated to belong to a certain appraisal target money, the composition estimated value y of the element of interest is obtained. If the currency to be appraised is a defective product, in many cases, a y-value that is out of the range of the component estimated value y for the element of interest in the original good product is calculated. By calculating the y value within the range of the component estimated value y for the element, information that can be used for quality determination in the component identification is obtained.
(b)ある分類のデータベースに属する同種の複数の貨幣成分に対して、貨幣の表面付近から検出される注目すべき元素成分等の構成比率などが、他の検出成分とどの様な関係にあるかを事前にあまり考慮せず、汎用的な関数計算式(例えば、N次多項式やフーリエ級数などの数学的級数展開などを用いる)にて、(a)と同様に、他の成分の構成値、年号(貨幣が製造された西暦など)、表面状態情報を数値化した値、などを変数パラメータとして他の成分とどの様な関係にあるかを汎用的に表現した汎用評価式を設定しておき、コンピュータを用いた連立方程式の求解や収束計算などの数値計算によって、必要な係数パラメータを求解又は近似的に推定していき、目的の評価関数を完成していく方法がある。例えば、ある年号のある表面状態を有するグループの貨幣を母集団とする成分データベースに対して、
注目すべき元素成分の構成比率の変数パラメータ=y、
その他の元素成分の構成比率の変数パラメータ=x0、x1、x2、x3、x4、x5、x6、x7、
汎用係数パラメータ=a0、a1、a2、a3、a4、a5、a6、a7とし、
y=Σa0n×x0^n+Σa1n×x1^n+・・・・Σa7n×x7^n
と言った様に、元素の構成比率の変数パラメータxnによって、注目すべき元素の変数パラメータyを導出する汎用関数y(xn)を設定し、データベースに属する各貨幣の成分データをxnに代入し数値解析的な手法で解析して汎用係数パラメータanを求めて関数の形(近似解でも良い)を推定する。例えば、そのデータベースの成分的に良品とみなせる貨幣が全て含まれるような(この関数の計算結果が良品とみなせる評価結果となるような)汎用係数パラメータと算出評価結果の範囲(この関数により導き出したyの値が良品とみなせるばらつき範囲)を決定する。それ以降の使用方法は(a)と同様である。
(B) For a plurality of the same kind of money components belonging to a database of a certain classification, the composition ratios of notable element components detected from the vicinity of the surface of the money, etc., have any relationship with other detection components In a general-purpose function calculation formula (for example, using a mathematical series expansion such as an Nth order polynomial or a Fourier series), as in (a), the component values of other components Set a general-purpose evaluation formula that expresses in general terms what kind of relationship it is with other components, such as the year (such as the year in which the money was manufactured), the value obtained by quantifying the surface state information, etc. There is a method of solving a simultaneous equation using a computer or a numerical calculation such as a convergence calculation to solve or approximate a necessary coefficient parameter to complete a target evaluation function. For example, for a component database with the currency of a group with a certain surface state of a certain year as the population,
Variable parameter of component ratio of elemental elements to be noted = y,
Variable parameters of composition ratios of other element components = x0, x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7,
General coefficient parameters = a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7,
y = Σa0n × x0 ^ n + Σa1n × x1 ^ n +... ΣΣa7n × x7 ^ n
As described above, a general-purpose function y (xn) for deriving the variable parameter y of the element of interest is set by the variable parameter xn of the element composition ratio, and the component data of each currency belonging to the database is substituted for xn. A general-purpose coefficient parameter an is obtained by analysis using a numerical analysis method, and the shape of the function (an approximate solution may be used) is estimated. For example, general-purpose coefficient parameters that include all the money that can be regarded as non-defective components in the database (the calculation result of this function becomes an evaluation result that can be regarded as non-defective) and the range of calculation evaluation results (derived by this function) A variation range in which the value of y can be regarded as a non-defective product is determined. The subsequent usage is the same as (a).
ここでは上記(a)、(b)のように、評価式の導出方法の例を2種類挙げたが、同様な手法で様々な成分鑑定用の総合的な評価式を設定可能である。またいずれも、分類された各成分データベースに対応してそれぞれ評価関数を事前に導出しておけば、ある貨幣分類領域全体に対して必要とする全ての評価関数が得られ、成分鑑定における総合評価・判断に用いることができる。また、実際の成分鑑定を実施していく過程で、多くの良品、不良品の成分データが得られ、各成分データベースを鑑定の度に充実させていくことができ、それに伴って、評価関数の精度やその適用範囲の精度を動的に向上させていくことが可能となる。すなわち、データベース及び成分評価関数を高精度化の方向へダイナミックに調整する機構を備えることにより、データベース及び成分評価関数そのものを知的に進化させていくことも可能となる。 Here, as shown in the above (a) and (b), two examples of methods for deriving the evaluation formula are given. However, various comprehensive evaluation formulas for component identification can be set by the same method. In any case, if an evaluation function is derived in advance corresponding to each classified component database, all necessary evaluation functions can be obtained for an entire currency classification area, and comprehensive evaluation in component evaluation・ It can be used for judgment. In addition, in the process of actual component identification, component data of many good and defective products can be obtained, and each component database can be enriched for each identification. It is possible to dynamically improve the accuracy and the accuracy of its application range. That is, by providing a mechanism for dynamically adjusting the database and the component evaluation function in the direction of higher accuracy, it is possible to intelligently evolve the database and the component evaluation function itself.
以上、古銭分野における収集用の金属貨幣を例にとり、その科学的鑑定手法や鑑定の流れについての実施例を述べてきたが、貨幣の成分が測定できるものであれば、紙の貨幣(紙幣)や、現行の流通貨幣にでもこの手法は適用できる。また、専門の鑑定人による微妙な結果判定を必要としなければ、本発明の鑑定手法は高度にコンピュータ化・自動化が可能であり、一般の流通市場における流通貨幣・紙幣の識別・鑑別処理に応用できる。 In the above, taking the example of metal coins for collection in the field of coins, examples of the scientific appraisal method and the flow of appraisal have been described. However, if money components can be measured, paper money (banknotes) This method can also be applied to current currency currencies. In addition, the appraisal method of the present invention can be highly computerized / automated if it does not require delicate result judgment by a specialist appraiser, and can be applied to identification / discrimination processing of currency currency and banknotes in the general secondary market. .
1 鑑定依頼貨幣(コイン)受付
2 貨幣鑑定人による事前の予備鑑定
3 専門刻印鑑定
4 貨幣の表面付近の元素成分測定
5 専門成分鑑定
6 貨幣刻印鑑定書の発行
7 貨幣成分鑑定書の発行
1 Acceptance of appraisal request money (coin) 2 Preliminary appraisal by
Claims (1)
鑑定対象の貨幣を構成または形成する成分の情報を測定して成分測定情報を獲得する成分測定情報獲得手段と、
鑑定対象の貨幣の状態情報を獲得する状態情報獲得手段と、
前記貨幣を構成する成分又は成分の組み合わせ評価値が前記貨幣の真正品の定められた成分構成条件の範囲または統計的に求められた推定成分構成条件の範囲に入るかどうか判定する成分構成条件判定手段と、
前記鑑定対象の貨幣から検出された貨幣を構成又は形成する成分の中の注目すべき成分の構成値を前記成分測定情報と貨幣の状態情報とを組み合わせて推定する特定成分構成推定手段と、
前記鑑定対象の貨幣を構成又は形成する成分の中の前記注目すべき成分の測定値が前記特定成分構成推定手段によって得られた推定値の範囲に入るかどうか判定する手段と、を備えたことを特徴とする貨幣科学鑑定システム
In a non-destructive system for assessing the authenticity or quality of money,
Component measurement information acquisition means for acquiring component measurement information by measuring information of components constituting or forming money to be verified;
Status information acquisition means for acquiring status information of the money to be verified;
Component composition condition determination for determining whether the component constituting the money or the combination evaluation value of the ingredients falls within the range of the component composition condition defined for the genuine product of the money or the range of the estimated component composition condition obtained statistically Means,
Specific component configuration estimation means for estimating a component value to be noted among components constituting or forming money detected from the money to be appraised in combination with the component measurement information and money state information;
Means for determining whether or not the measured value of the notable component in the components constituting or forming the appraisal object money falls within the range of the estimated value obtained by the specific component configuration estimating unit; Money science appraisal system characterized by
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005202339A JP4552068B2 (en) | 2005-07-11 | 2005-07-11 | Monetary science appraisal system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005202339A JP4552068B2 (en) | 2005-07-11 | 2005-07-11 | Monetary science appraisal system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2007018461A JP2007018461A (en) | 2007-01-25 |
JP4552068B2 true JP4552068B2 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
Family
ID=37755553
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005202339A Active JP4552068B2 (en) | 2005-07-11 | 2005-07-11 | Monetary science appraisal system |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP4552068B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9058615B2 (en) | 2007-10-02 | 2015-06-16 | Elady Limited | Product evaluation system and product evaluation method |
US8750570B2 (en) | 2012-05-25 | 2014-06-10 | Security Pacific Capital Corporation | Methods, systems and apparatus for automated authentication |
JP2015062128A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-04-02 | 沖電気工業株式会社 | Server device, terminal support system, and program |
JP6808158B2 (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2021-01-06 | 株式会社シティーデジタル | server |
JP7218932B2 (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2023-02-07 | 株式会社シティーデジタル | Servers, authentication systems, and data structures |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6373142A (en) * | 1986-06-04 | 1988-04-02 | アーティカ インターナショナル (ホンコン) リミテッド | Method of proving ancient metallic body |
JPH03282241A (en) * | 1990-03-29 | 1991-12-12 | Shimadzu Corp | Analyzing method using x-ray diffraction |
-
2005
- 2005-07-11 JP JP2005202339A patent/JP4552068B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6373142A (en) * | 1986-06-04 | 1988-04-02 | アーティカ インターナショナル (ホンコン) リミテッド | Method of proving ancient metallic body |
JPH03282241A (en) * | 1990-03-29 | 1991-12-12 | Shimadzu Corp | Analyzing method using x-ray diffraction |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2007018461A (en) | 2007-01-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US8750570B2 (en) | Methods, systems and apparatus for automated authentication | |
CN103635941B (en) | Method and apparatus for coin or the identification of other manufactured goods | |
Hart et al. | Galaxy Zoo and SPARCFIRE: constraints on spiral arm formation mechanisms from spiral arm number and pitch angles | |
JP4552068B2 (en) | Monetary science appraisal system | |
US10482514B1 (en) | Precious metals transaction systems and methods | |
McDonald et al. | Protectionist responses to the crisis: Damage observed in product-level trade | |
EP2214133A1 (en) | Article judgment system and article judgment method | |
GB2460734A (en) | Two Tier Authentication | |
WO2009121007A1 (en) | Global investment grade for natural and synthetic gems used in financial investments and commercial trading and method of creating standardized baskets of gems to be used in financial and commercial products | |
Easley et al. | Bidding patterns, experience, and avoiding the winner's curse in online auctions | |
Fazekas et al. | Corruption in EU Funds?: Europe-wide evidence of the corruption effect of EU-funded public contracting | |
CN109285140A (en) | A kind of printed circuit board image registration appraisal procedure | |
Fritz et al. | Variability and subjectivity in the grading process for evaluating the performance of latent fingermark detection techniques | |
JP6603780B2 (en) | Patent evaluation method using structural equation model and system for executing the method | |
CN112884494A (en) | Method and system for realizing high-credibility inspection detection data of third-party inspection detection mechanism | |
Le Conte et al. | A JWST investigation into the bar fraction at redshifts 1≤ z≤ 3 | |
WO2011119702A1 (en) | Commodity identification, verification and authentication system and methods of use | |
Christian | Population identification strategies for counterfeit coin detection | |
Fairchild et al. | Analysis of unsolicited credit ratings in Japan: New evidence from Moody's | |
Diab et al. | The impact of client size and financial performance on audit opinion: Evidence from a developing market | |
GB2462029A (en) | A system for tracking an article | |
Al-Saad et al. | A SYSTEMATIC SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS FOR THE DETECTION OF FORGED COPPER BASED COINS. | |
Darwish et al. | A fuzzy logic framework for evaluating the security features of banknotes | |
CN117237966B (en) | Banknote recognition method and device based on internal contour of denomination digital character | |
Vorburger et al. | The second national ballistics imaging comparison (NBIC-2) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20080605 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20100310 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20100316 |
|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20100510 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20100615 |
|
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20100625 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130723 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |