JP4536251B2 - Surfactant composition for emulsion polymerization - Google Patents

Surfactant composition for emulsion polymerization Download PDF

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JP4536251B2
JP4536251B2 JP2000373924A JP2000373924A JP4536251B2 JP 4536251 B2 JP4536251 B2 JP 4536251B2 JP 2000373924 A JP2000373924 A JP 2000373924A JP 2000373924 A JP2000373924 A JP 2000373924A JP 4536251 B2 JP4536251 B2 JP 4536251B2
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surfactant composition
emulsion polymerization
polymerization
emulsion
stability
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JP2002179713A (en
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保夫 石井
厚人 森
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Kao Corp
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Kao Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、重合安定性及び機械的安定性が良好なビニル系ポリマーエマルションを与える乳化重合用界面活性剤組成物、及びビニル系モノマーの乳化重合方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
酢酸ビニル、アクリル酸エステル、スチレン等のビニル系モノマーの乳化重合によって得られるポリマーエマルションは、そのまま配合されて塗料、接着剤、紙加工剤、繊維加工剤等の分野に、あるいは重合体が分離されてプラスチック、ゴム原料として広く工業的に利用されている。乳化重合には乳化剤として、直鎖アルキル硫酸エステル塩、直鎖アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸エステル塩等の陰イオン界面活性剤、及びポリオキシエチレン直鎖アルキルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル等の非イオン界面活性剤がそれぞれ単独に、あるいは陰イオン−非イオン界面活性剤の混合系で用いられている。
【0003】
乳化重合における乳化剤は、重合の開始反応、成長反応に影響を及ぼすのみでなく、重合中のポリマーエマルションの安定性、さらには生成したポリマーエマルションの機械的安定性、化学的安定性、凍結安定性、貯蔵安定性に大きな影響を及ぼす。特開昭52−3676号には、ポリオキシエチレン分岐アルキルエーテルをビニル系モノマーの乳化重合用の界面活性剤として用いた発明が開示されているが、重合中のポリマーエマルションの安定性、あるいは生成したポリマーエマルションの機械的安定性が十分とは言えなかった。
【0004】
本発明の課題は、重合中のポリマーエマルションの安定性、あるいは生成したポリマーエマルションの機械的安定性が良好な乳化重合用界面活性剤組成物、及びビニル系モノマーの乳化重合方法を提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、式(I)で表される化合物(以下化合物(I)と略記する)を必須成分とする乳化重合用界面活性剤組成物、及びこの乳化重合用界面活性剤組成物を用いるビニル系モノマーの乳化重合方法である。
【0006】
RCH2O−(EO)n−H (I)
(式中、Rは炭素数10のアルキル基の割合が70重量%以上であり、平均メチル基数が3以上のアルキル基を示し、EOはオキシエチレン基、nはオキシエチレン基の平均付加モル数を示す6以上、15未満の数である。)
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
式(I)において、アルキル基Rは、ポリマーエマルションの重合中及び機械的な安定性の観点から、炭素数10のアルキル基の割合が70重量%以上、好ましくは80重量%以上である。またアルキル基Rの平均メチル基数は3以上、好ましくは3〜5、特に好ましくは3〜4である。nはオキシエチレン基の平均付加モル数を示す数で、ポリマーエマルションの安定性の観点から6以上15未満、好ましくは7〜12である。なお、アルキル基Rの平均メチル基数は、1H−NMRを用いて求めることが出来る。
【0008】
化合物(I)は、公知の方法を用いて製造することができ、例えばプロピレンとブテンのオリゴマー化で得られるオレフィンをオキソ反応することによって製造されるアルコールで、炭素数11のものを70重量%以上含有するアルコールにエチレンオキサイドを付加することにより得ることができる。具体的には、酸性イオン交換樹脂や、アルキルアルミニウムを触媒として、プロピレン2モルとブテン1モルをオリゴマー化させて平均炭素数10のオレフィンを合成し、このものをオキソ反応−水素添加することによって、炭素数11のアルコールを70重量%以上含有するオキソアルコールを製造し、さらにこのオキソアルコールにエチレンオキサイドを付加することにより得られる。エチレンオキサイドの付加は通常のアルカリ金属化合物(水酸化カリウム、ナトリウムメトキシド等)を使用することができる。
【0009】
本発明の界面活性剤組成物中の化合物(I)の含有量は10〜100重量%が好ましく、特に20〜85重量%が好ましい。
【0010】
本発明の界面活性剤組成物は、陰イオン界面活性剤及び/又は化合物(I)以外のHLB16以上の非イオン界面活性剤を含有するのが好ましい。陰イオン界面活性剤の含有量は、重合安定性の観点から15〜70重量%が好ましく、15〜40重量%が特に好ましい。化合物(I)以外のHLB16以上の非イオン界面活性剤はポリマーエマルションの化学的安定性の向上に特に有効で、その含有量は、好ましくは15〜60重量%である。また、より好ましいHLBの範囲は17〜19である。ここでHLBはグリフィンの方法で求めたものである。
【0011】
さらに、本発明の界面活性剤組成物としては、(a)化合物(I)を20〜85重量%、(b)陰イオン界面活性剤を15〜40重量%、及び(c)化合物(I)以外のHLB16以上の非イオン界面活性剤を(a)/(c)(重量比)が100/0〜40/60となる割合で含有するものが特に好適である。
【0012】
本発明で用いられる陰イオン界面活性剤としては、直鎖アルキル硫酸エステル塩、直鎖アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸エステル塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル硫酸エステル塩等を例示できる。
【0013】
本発明で用いられる、化合物(I)以外のHLB16以上の非イオン界面活性剤としては、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(EO付加モル数17以上)等のポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル(HLB16以上)、ポリオキシエチレンノニルフェニルエーテル(EO付加モル数20以上)等のポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル(HLB16以上)、ジスチレン化フェノールエトキシレート(HLB16以上)、トリベンジル化フェノールエトキシレート(HLB16以上)等が挙げられるが、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル(HLB16以上)が好ましい。また式(I)で表される化合物でnが15以上のものを用いてもよい。
【0014】
本発明のビニル系モノマーの乳化重合方法は、本発明に係わる界面活性剤組成物を用い、ビニル系モノマーを乳化重合する方法である。乳化重合において、界面活性剤組成物の使用量は、ビニル系モノマーの総量に対して0.1〜10重量%が好ましい。
【0015】
本発明に用いられるビニル系モノマーとしては、スチレン、α−メチルスチレン、クロロスチレン等の芳香族ビニルモノマー;エチレン、プロピレン、1−ブテン、1−ヘキセン、1−オクテン等のオレフィンモノマー;ブタジエン、イソプレン等の共役ジエン;(メタ)アクリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリル酸エチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル等の(メタ)アクリル酸エステル;塩化ビニル、臭化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン等のハロゲン化ビニル及びハロゲン化ビニリデン類;酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル、分岐カルボン酸ビニル(シェルジャパン社製ベオバ11等)等のビニルエステル類;(メタ)アクリロニトリル等のニトリル類等が挙げられる。これらのモノマーは単独で重合させても共重合させてもよい。必要によりアクリル酸(塩)、メタクリル酸(塩)、メタクリル酸2−ヒドロキシエチル等の水溶性モノマーや、官能基をもったモノマーを改質のため共重合させてもよい。ビニル系モノマーの使用量は、全系に対して40〜60重量%が好ましい。
【0016】
本発明の乳化重合に用いる開始剤は過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸ナトリウム、過硫酸アンモニウム等の過硫酸塩が好ましい。
【0017】
モノマーの添加方法は、モノマー滴下法、あるいはプレエマルション法を用いることができるが、重合安定性からプレエマルション法が好ましい。滴下時間は1〜8時間、熟成時間は1〜5時間が好ましい。重合温度は、開始剤の分解温度により調整されるが、過硫酸塩の場合は70〜80℃が好ましい。
【0018】
本発明の界面活性剤組成物以外の重合安定化剤として、ポリビニルアルコール、2−ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ポリビニルピロリドン、水溶性ポリウレタン化合物等の保護コロイドを併用してもよい。
【0019】
【実施例】
例中の%は特記しない限り重量%である。
【0020】
実施例1〜5及び比較例1〜7
化合物(I)として表1のA−1、A−2、比較の非イオン界面活性剤として表1のB−1〜B−6、これらと併用する陰イオン界面活性剤と化合物(I)以外のHLB16以上の非イオン界面活性剤として表2のC−1〜C−5を用い、表3に示す割合で配合して、本発明及び比較の界面活性剤組成物を調製した。この界面活性剤組成物を用い、下記に示す方法で乳化重合を行い、性能を評価した。結果を表3に示す。
【0021】
<乳化重合法>
アクリル酸2.5g、アクリル酸ブチル123.75g、メタクリル酸メチル123.75gを混合し、モノマー混合物を調製した。イオン交換水107.1gに界面活性剤組成物5.0g、過硫酸カリウム0.50gを溶解し、上記のモノマー混合物とホモミキサー(T.K.HOMO MIXER:特殊機化工業製)にて5000回転/分で10分間混合し、均一なモノマー乳化物を得た。
【0022】
セパラブルフラスコにイオン交換水138gと上記のモノマー乳化物39gを仕込み、窒素気流下で攪拌しながら水浴で20分間で80℃まで昇温した。次に残りのモノマー乳化物316gを3時間かけて滴下した。この間フラスコ内の温度は80℃に保った。滴下終了後2時間80℃に保ち重合を完結させたのち、室温まで冷却して、ポリマーエマルションを得た。
【0023】
<性能評価法>
(1)重合安定性
上記のポリマーエマルションを200メッシュのステンレス製金網で濾過し、重合後の反応器の器壁や、攪拌羽根等に付着した凝集物も集めて同様に濾過した。水洗後26.6kPa、105℃で2時間乾燥、秤量して、凝集物の量を測定した。使用したモノマーの総量に対する凝集物の重量%で、重合安定性を表した。
【0024】
(2)機械的安定性
上記の濾過した、ポリマーエマルションをアンモニア水で中和しpH8.5に調整した。中和したポリマーエマルション50gをとり、マロン式安定性試験機で荷重10kg、1000回転/分、5分間の条件にて攪拌した。生成した凝集物をステンレス製金網で濾過して集め、水洗後に26.6kPa、105℃で乾燥、秤量した。ポリマーに対する凝集物の重量%で機械的安定性を表示した。
【0025】
(3)平均粒径
上記の中和したポリマーエマルションについてコールター社の動的光散乱法による粒径測定装置N−4PLUSを使用して平均粒径を測定した。
【0026】
【表1】

Figure 0004536251
【0027】
【表2】
Figure 0004536251
【0028】
【表3】
Figure 0004536251
【0029】
【発明の効果】
本発明の界面活性剤組成物を乳化重合に用いると、重合安定性が良好で、機械的安定性にも優れたポリマーエマルションが得られる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a surfactant composition for emulsion polymerization that gives a vinyl polymer emulsion having good polymerization stability and mechanical stability, and a method for emulsion polymerization of a vinyl monomer.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
Polymer emulsions obtained by emulsion polymerization of vinyl monomers such as vinyl acetate, acrylate esters, and styrene are blended as they are, and the polymers are separated in the fields of paints, adhesives, paper processing agents, fiber processing agents, etc. It is widely used industrially as a raw material for plastics and rubber. In emulsion polymerization, as an emulsifier, an anionic surfactant such as a linear alkyl sulfate ester salt, a linear alkyl benzene sulfonate salt, a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate ester salt, and a polyoxyethylene linear alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl Nonionic surfactants such as phenyl ether are used alone or in a mixed system of anionic and nonionic surfactants.
[0003]
Emulsifiers in emulsion polymerization not only affect the initiation and growth reactions of polymerization, but also the stability of the polymer emulsion during polymerization, as well as the mechanical, chemical and freezing stability of the resulting polymer emulsion. , Greatly affects storage stability. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 52-3676 discloses an invention using polyoxyethylene branched alkyl ether as a surfactant for emulsion polymerization of vinyl monomers. However, stability or formation of polymer emulsion during polymerization is disclosed. The mechanical stability of the polymer emulsion was not sufficient.
[0004]
An object of the present invention is to provide a surfactant composition for emulsion polymerization in which the stability of the polymer emulsion during polymerization or the mechanical stability of the produced polymer emulsion is good, and a method for emulsion polymerization of vinyl monomers. is there.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to a surfactant composition for emulsion polymerization comprising a compound represented by formula (I) (hereinafter abbreviated as compound (I)) as an essential component, and vinyl using the surfactant composition for emulsion polymerization. This is a method for emulsion polymerization of a monomer.
[0006]
RCH 2 O- (EO) n -H (I)
(In the formula, R represents an alkyl group having a carbon number of 10% or more and an average methyl group number of 3 or more, EO represents an oxyethylene group, and n represents an average added mole number of the oxyethylene group. Is a number of 6 or more and less than 15.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the formula (I), the alkyl group R has a ratio of alkyl groups having 10 carbon atoms of 70% by weight or more, preferably 80% by weight or more from the viewpoint of polymerization of the polymer emulsion and mechanical stability. The average number of methyl groups of the alkyl group R is 3 or more, preferably 3 to 5, particularly preferably 3 to 4. n is a number indicating the average number of added moles of oxyethylene groups, and is 6 or more and less than 15, preferably 7 to 12, from the viewpoint of the stability of the polymer emulsion. In addition, the average number of methyl groups of the alkyl group R can be determined using 1 H-NMR.
[0008]
Compound (I) can be produced by a known method, for example, an alcohol produced by oxo reaction of an olefin obtained by oligomerization of propylene and butene, and having 70% by weight of an alcohol having 11 carbon atoms. It can be obtained by adding ethylene oxide to the alcohol contained above. Specifically, by using an acidic ion exchange resin or alkylaluminum as a catalyst, 2 moles of propylene and 1 mole of butene are oligomerized to synthesize an olefin having an average carbon number of 10 and by oxo reaction-hydrogenating this. It is obtained by producing an oxo alcohol containing 70% by weight or more of an alcohol having 11 carbon atoms and further adding ethylene oxide to the oxo alcohol. For the addition of ethylene oxide, ordinary alkali metal compounds (potassium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, etc.) can be used.
[0009]
The content of compound (I) in the surfactant composition of the present invention is preferably 10 to 100% by weight, particularly preferably 20 to 85% by weight.
[0010]
The surfactant composition of the present invention preferably contains an anionic surfactant and / or a nonionic surfactant of HLB 16 or more other than Compound (I). The content of the anionic surfactant is preferably from 15 to 70% by weight, particularly preferably from 15 to 40% by weight, from the viewpoint of polymerization stability. Nonionic surfactants of HLB 16 or higher other than Compound (I) are particularly effective for improving the chemical stability of the polymer emulsion, and the content thereof is preferably 15 to 60% by weight. Moreover, the range of more preferable HLB is 17-19. Here, HLB is obtained by the Griffin method.
[0011]
Further, the surfactant composition of the present invention includes (a) 20 to 85% by weight of compound (I), (b) 15 to 40% by weight of an anionic surfactant, and (c) compound (I). It is particularly preferable to contain a nonionic surfactant having an HLB of 16 or more other than that in a ratio of (a) / (c) (weight ratio) of 100/0 to 40/60.
[0012]
Examples of the anionic surfactant used in the present invention include linear alkyl sulfate ester salts, linear alkyl benzene sulfonate salts, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate ester salts, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether sulfate ester salts, and the like.
[0013]
Nonionic surfactants having an HLB of 16 or more other than the compound (I) used in the present invention include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers (HLB of 16 or more) such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (EO addition mole number of 17 or more), polyoxy Examples include polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether (HLB16 or more) such as ethylene nonylphenyl ether (EO addition mole number 20 or more), distyrenated phenol ethoxylate (HLB16 or more), tribenzylated phenol ethoxylate (HLB16 or more), and the like. Polyoxyethylene alkyl ether (HLB16 or more) is preferred. A compound represented by formula (I) having n of 15 or more may be used.
[0014]
The vinyl monomer emulsion polymerization method of the present invention is a method of emulsion polymerization of a vinyl monomer using the surfactant composition according to the present invention. In the emulsion polymerization, the amount of the surfactant composition used is preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight with respect to the total amount of vinyl monomers.
[0015]
Examples of vinyl monomers used in the present invention include aromatic vinyl monomers such as styrene, α-methylstyrene, and chlorostyrene; olefin monomers such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene; butadiene and isoprene. Conjugated dienes such as; (meth) acrylic acid esters such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate; vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, Vinyl halides and vinylidene halides such as vinylidene chloride; vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, branched vinylate (such as Veova 11 manufactured by Shell Japan); nitriles such as (meth) acrylonitrile, etc. It is done. These monomers may be polymerized alone or copolymerized. If necessary, a water-soluble monomer such as acrylic acid (salt), methacrylic acid (salt), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, or a monomer having a functional group may be copolymerized for modification. The amount of vinyl monomer used is preferably 40 to 60% by weight based on the total system.
[0016]
The initiator used in the emulsion polymerization of the present invention is preferably a persulfate such as potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, or ammonium persulfate.
[0017]
As the monomer addition method, a monomer dropping method or a pre-emulsion method can be used, but the pre-emulsion method is preferred from the viewpoint of polymerization stability. The dropping time is preferably 1 to 8 hours, and the aging time is preferably 1 to 5 hours. The polymerization temperature is adjusted by the decomposition temperature of the initiator, but in the case of persulfate, it is preferably 70 to 80 ° C.
[0018]
As a polymerization stabilizer other than the surfactant composition of the present invention, protective colloids such as polyvinyl alcohol, 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and a water-soluble polyurethane compound may be used in combination.
[0019]
【Example】
In the examples, “%” is by weight unless otherwise specified.
[0020]
Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-7
Other than compound (I), A-1 and A-2 in Table 1, B-1 to B-6 in Table 1 as comparative nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants used in combination with these and compounds (I) The present invention and comparative surfactant compositions were prepared by using C-1 to C-5 in Table 2 as nonionic surfactants of HLB16 or higher and blending at a ratio shown in Table 3. Using this surfactant composition, emulsion polymerization was performed by the method shown below, and performance was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0021]
<Emulsion polymerization method>
A monomer mixture was prepared by mixing 2.5 g of acrylic acid, 123.75 g of butyl acrylate, and 123.75 g of methyl methacrylate. A surfactant composition (5.0 g) and potassium persulfate (0.50 g) are dissolved in 107.1 g of ion-exchanged water, and the above monomer mixture and homomixer (TK HOMO MIXER: manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) are used for 5000. The mixture was mixed for 10 minutes at a rotation / minute to obtain a uniform monomer emulsion.
[0022]
In a separable flask, 138 g of ion-exchanged water and 39 g of the above monomer emulsion were charged, and the temperature was raised to 80 ° C. in a water bath for 20 minutes while stirring under a nitrogen stream. Next, 316 g of the remaining monomer emulsion was added dropwise over 3 hours. During this time, the temperature in the flask was kept at 80 ° C. After completion of dropping, the temperature was maintained at 80 ° C. for 2 hours to complete the polymerization, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain a polymer emulsion.
[0023]
<Performance evaluation method>
(1) Polymerization stability The polymer emulsion was filtered through a 200-mesh stainless steel wire mesh, and aggregates adhering to the reactor wall and stirring blades after polymerization were collected and filtered in the same manner. After washing with water, it was dried at 26.6 kPa and 105 ° C. for 2 hours and weighed to measure the amount of aggregates. Polymerization stability was expressed in terms of the weight percent of aggregates relative to the total amount of monomers used.
[0024]
(2) Mechanical stability The filtered polymer emulsion was neutralized with aqueous ammonia and adjusted to pH 8.5. 50 g of the neutralized polymer emulsion was taken and stirred with a Maron stability tester under the conditions of a load of 10 kg, 1000 rpm, and 5 minutes. The produced agglomerates were collected by filtration through a stainless steel wire mesh, washed with water, dried at 26.6 kPa and 105 ° C., and weighed. Mechanical stability was expressed as the weight percent of aggregates relative to the polymer.
[0025]
(3) Average particle diameter The average particle diameter of the neutralized polymer emulsion was measured using a particle size measuring apparatus N-4PLUS by the dynamic light scattering method of Coulter.
[0026]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004536251
[0027]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004536251
[0028]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004536251
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
When the surfactant composition of the present invention is used for emulsion polymerization, a polymer emulsion having good polymerization stability and excellent mechanical stability can be obtained.

Claims (3)

式(I)で表される化合物を必須成分とする乳化重合用界面活性剤組成物。
RCH2O−(EO)n−H (I)
(式中、Rは炭素数10のアルキル基の割合が70重量%以上であり、平均メチル基数が3以上のアルキル基を示し、EOはオキシエチレン基、nはオキシエチレン基の平均付加モル数を示す6以上、15未満の数である。)
A surfactant composition for emulsion polymerization comprising a compound represented by formula (I) as an essential component.
RCH 2 O- (EO) n -H (I)
(In the formula, R represents an alkyl group having a carbon number of 10% or more and an average number of methyl groups of 3 or more, EO represents an oxyethylene group, and n represents an average number of moles added of the oxyethylene group. Is a number of 6 or more and less than 15.
式(I)で表される化合物が、プロピレンとブテンのオリゴマー化で得られるオレフィンをオキソ反応することによって製造されるアルコールで、炭素数11のものを70%以上含有するアルコールにエチレンオキサイドを付加して得られる化合物である請求項1記載の界面活性剤組成物。The compound represented by the formula (I) is an alcohol produced by oxo reaction of an olefin obtained by oligomerization of propylene and butene, and ethylene oxide is added to an alcohol containing 70% or more of those having 11 carbon atoms. surfactant composition of claim 1 Symbol placement is a compound obtained by. 請求項1又は2記載の界面活性剤組成物を用いるビニル系モノマーの乳化重合方法。Emulsion polymerization of vinyl monomers using the claim 1 or 2 surfactant composition.
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05504719A (en) * 1990-03-01 1993-07-22 ヘンケル・コマンディットゲゼルシャフト・アウフ・アクチェン Highly concentrated surfactant formulation in fluid liquid
JPH0790031A (en) * 1990-05-11 1995-04-04 Enichem Elastomeres Fr Sa Preparation of polychloroprene
JPH1025309A (en) * 1996-07-11 1998-01-27 Lion Corp Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization
JP2000159823A (en) * 1998-12-01 2000-06-13 Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization or dispersant for suspension polymerization
JP2001002715A (en) * 1999-06-23 2001-01-09 Kao Corp Surfactant composition for emulsion polymerization

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05504719A (en) * 1990-03-01 1993-07-22 ヘンケル・コマンディットゲゼルシャフト・アウフ・アクチェン Highly concentrated surfactant formulation in fluid liquid
JPH0790031A (en) * 1990-05-11 1995-04-04 Enichem Elastomeres Fr Sa Preparation of polychloroprene
JPH1025309A (en) * 1996-07-11 1998-01-27 Lion Corp Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization
JP2000159823A (en) * 1998-12-01 2000-06-13 Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization or dispersant for suspension polymerization
JP2001002715A (en) * 1999-06-23 2001-01-09 Kao Corp Surfactant composition for emulsion polymerization

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