JP4529529B2 - Construction method of underwater structure - Google Patents

Construction method of underwater structure Download PDF

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JP4529529B2
JP4529529B2 JP2004130172A JP2004130172A JP4529529B2 JP 4529529 B2 JP4529529 B2 JP 4529529B2 JP 2004130172 A JP2004130172 A JP 2004130172A JP 2004130172 A JP2004130172 A JP 2004130172A JP 4529529 B2 JP4529529 B2 JP 4529529B2
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frame body
pile
frame
bottom plate
underwater
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JP2005307700A (en
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浩二 上野
正三 加藤
康博 飯田
尚仁 宇山
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Obayashi Corp
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本発明は、主として河川等に橋脚を構築する場合に適用される水中構造物の構築方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for constructing an underwater structure mainly applied when constructing a pier in a river or the like.

河川に架け渡された橋梁は、施工当時は耐震基準を満足していたものの、現行の耐震基準はクリアできておらず、そのために耐震補強が必要となる場合がある。かかる場合において、橋脚を耐震補強する場合、作業空間をドライにすべく、仮締切りを行って河川からの水の流入を防止しなければならない。このような状況は、あらたに橋梁を構築する場合にも同様に生じる。   The bridge over the river satisfied the seismic standards at the time of construction, but the current seismic standards could not be cleared, so seismic reinforcement may be required. In such a case, when the pier is seismically reinforced, a temporary cut-off must be performed to prevent the inflow of water from the river in order to dry the work space. Such a situation also occurs when a new bridge is constructed.

旧来、このような仮締切りは、橋脚の周囲に鋼矢板を隙間なく打ち込むことで行っていたが、かかる方法では多くの費用と時間を要するため、最近では、予め工場等で製作された枠体を現場に曳航し、これを現場に沈めて該枠体内の水を抜き、次いで、水中コンクリートを打設して底版を構築し、次いで、該底版上に水中構造物を構築し、しかる後、枠体を撤去するといった方法も採用されるようになってきた。   Traditionally, such temporary closing has been performed by driving steel sheet piles around the pier without any gaps. However, this method requires a lot of cost and time. Tow the site, submerge it in the site and drain the water in the frame, then place underwater concrete to build a bottom plate, then build an underwater structure on the bottom plate, The method of removing the frame has come to be adopted.

特開平９−２４２０８０JP-A-9-242080 特開昭６２−１２９４１８JP-A 62-129418

しかしながら、枠体内から水を抜くと、底版には浮力が発生し、該浮力によって底版には曲げモーメントが発生する。そして、枠体及び底版の規模が大きくなればなるほど、発生する曲げモーメントも大きくなり、底版と枠体との間に隙間を生じさせあるいは底版に曲げひび割れを生じさせるという問題や、かかる隙間や曲げひび割れを介して枠体内に河川の水が浸入するという問題、さらには底版に生じた曲げ変形に起因して橋脚を精度良く施工することが困難になるといった数々の問題を生じていた。   However, when water is drained from the frame, buoyancy is generated in the bottom plate, and a bending moment is generated in the bottom plate due to the buoyancy. As the scale of the frame body and the bottom plate increases, the bending moment generated also increases, causing a problem of causing a gap between the bottom plate and the frame body or causing a bending crack in the bottom plate, and such a gap or bending. There were a number of problems such as river water invading into the frame through cracks, and it was difficult to construct piers with high accuracy due to bending deformation in the bottom plate.

本発明は、上述した事情を考慮してなされたもので、底版の曲げ剛性を向上させ、ひいては曲げひび割れの発生や枠体との分離を未然に防止することが可能な水中構造物の構築方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-described circumstances, and improves the bending rigidity of the bottom slab, and thus can prevent the occurrence of bending cracks and separation from the frame in advance. The purpose is to provide.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明に係る水中構造物の構築方法は請求項１に記載したように、河川、湖沼等の水域に所定の枠体を該枠体の下縁が前記水域の水底に貫入されるようにかつ上縁が前記水域の水面より高い位置となるように沈設するとともに前記枠体で囲まれる平面領域内に杭を打設し、前記枠体内に設置された切り梁のうち、最下段の切り梁が埋設され前記杭の頭部が上方に突出するようにかつ前記枠体の下方内面と一体となるように前記枠体内に水中コンクリートを打設して前記水底上に底版を構築し、前記枠体及び前記底版で囲まれた空間から水を抜いて作業空間とし、前記杭の頭部と接合されるように該作業空間にて前記底版上に水中構造物を構築し、前記作業空間内に水を注水した後、前記枠体を前記底版の直上で上方枠体と下方枠体とに分離し、しかる後、前記最下段の切り梁を除くすべての切り梁及び前記上方枠体を撤去するものである。   In order to achieve the above object, the method for constructing an underwater structure according to the present invention includes a predetermined frame in a water area such as a river or a lake, and the bottom edge of the frame is a bottom of the water area. The pile is placed so that the upper edge is higher than the water surface of the water area and a pile is placed in a plane area surrounded by the frame body. Among them, underwater concrete is placed in the frame body so that the lowermost cut beam is buried and the head of the pile protrudes upward and is integrated with the lower inner surface of the frame body on the bottom of the water A bottom plate is constructed, water is drawn from the space surrounded by the frame and the bottom plate to form a work space, and an underwater structure is constructed on the bottom plate in the work space so as to be joined to the head of the pile. And after pouring water into the working space, the frame body is directly above the bottom plate. Separated into a body and the lower frame member, thereafter, is to remove all of the cutting beam and the upper frame body except for the cutting beam of the lowermost.

また、本発明に係る水中構造物の構築方法は、前記枠体の外側に近接した位置にて係留杭を打設し、該係留杭から反力をとることで前記枠体を下方に沈め又は上方に浮上させて所定の位置に位置決めし、しかる後、前記枠体を前記係留杭に連結することで、前記水中コンクリート打設前及び打設中における前記枠体の揺動、浮上及び沈降を防止するものである。   Further, in the method for constructing an underwater structure according to the present invention, a mooring pile is driven in a position close to the outside of the frame body, and the frame body is sunk downward by taking a reaction force from the mooring pile. The frame body is floated and positioned at a predetermined position, and then the frame body is connected to the mooring pile so that the frame body swings, floats and sinks before and during the placement of the underwater concrete. It is to prevent.

また、本発明に係る水中構造物の構築方法は、前記最下段の切り梁を平面格子状となるように配置するものである。   In the method for constructing an underwater structure according to the present invention, the lowermost cut beams are arranged in a planar lattice shape.

また、本発明に係る水中構造物の構築方法は、前記枠体を鋼製パネルで構成するとともに前記上方枠体と前記下方枠体との分離箇所が前記鋼製パネル同士の接合位置に一致するように該枠体を構成するものである。   In the construction method of the underwater structure according to the present invention, the frame body is formed of a steel panel, and the separation point between the upper frame body and the lower frame body coincides with the joining position of the steel panels. The frame is configured as described above.

また、本発明に係る水中構造物の構築方法は、前記杭の頭部のうち、前記底版に埋設される箇所の周面に凹凸を設けたものである。   Moreover, the construction method of the underwater structure which concerns on this invention provides unevenness | corrugation in the surrounding surface of the location embed | buried under the said bottom slab among the heads of the said pile.

本発明に係る水中構造物の構築方法においては、まず、河川、湖沼等の水域に所定の枠体を沈設する。   In the construction method of the underwater structure according to the present invention, first, a predetermined frame is sunk in a water area such as a river or a lake.

枠体を沈設するにあたっては、該枠体の下縁が水域の水底に貫入されるように、かつ上縁が水域の水面より高い位置となるように留意する。かかる枠体は、水中構造物を構築するための作業スペースに周囲の水域から水が流入するのを防止する締切り手段となる。   When sinking the frame, care should be taken that the lower edge of the frame penetrates into the bottom of the water area and that the upper edge is higher than the water surface of the water area. Such a frame serves as a closing means for preventing water from flowing into the work space for constructing the underwater structure from the surrounding water area.

すなわち、本発明の水中構造物は、ドライな状態で施工され、施工完了後に水中構造物となる。   That is, the underwater structure of the present invention is constructed in a dry state, and becomes an underwater structure after completion of construction.

枠体は、工場で一体化されたものを現場に曳航するようにしてもよいし、現場で組み立てつつ沈設するようにしてもかまわない。また、鋼製、プレキャストコンクリート等、材質は問わない。   The frame body may be towed to a site integrated in the factory, or may be sunk while being assembled on site. Moreover, materials, such as steel and precast concrete, are not ask | required.

かかる枠体の沈設と相前後して又は同時に、枠体で囲まれる平面領域内に杭を打設する。かかる杭は、後工程で構築される水中構造物を支持する本設の基礎構造部材となる。   A pile is driven in a plane area surrounded by the frame before or after the frame is set. Such a pile serves as a basic foundation structural member that supports an underwater structure constructed in a later process.

ここで、必要に応じ、枠体の外側に近接した位置にて係留杭を打設し、該係留杭から反力をとることで、枠体を下方に沈め又は上方に浮上させて所定の位置に位置決めし、しかる後、枠体を係留杭に連結する。   Here, if necessary, a mooring pile is driven in a position close to the outside of the frame body, and a reaction force is taken from the mooring pile, so that the frame body is sunk downward or floats upward to a predetermined position. After that, the frame body is connected to the mooring pile.

このようにすると、水中コンクリート打設前及び打設中における枠体の揺動、浮上及び沈降を防止することができるとともに、軟弱海底地盤への過剰な沈込み又は海底地盤への貫入不足を未然に回避することができる。   In this way, it is possible to prevent the frame body from swinging, floating and sinking before and during the placement of underwater concrete, and to prevent excessive subsidence or inadequate penetration of the submarine ground. Can be avoided.

次に、枠体内に水中コンクリートを打設して水底上に底版を構築する。   Next, underwater concrete is placed in the frame to construct a bottom plate on the bottom of the water.

ここで、水中コンクリートを打設して底版を構築するにあたっては、枠体内に設置された切り梁のうち、最下段の切り梁が水中コンクリートに埋設されるように該水中コンクリートを打設するとともに、杭が底版を貫通して該底版の上方に頭部が突出するように水中コンクリートを打設し、かつ水中コンクリートが枠体の下方内面と接触した状態で硬化することで底版と枠体とが一体となるようにする。   Here, when constructing the bottom slab by placing underwater concrete, among the cut beams installed in the frame, the underwater concrete is placed so that the bottom beam is embedded in the underwater concrete. The bottom plate and the frame by placing the underwater concrete so that the pile penetrates the bottom plate and the head projects above the bottom plate, and the underwater concrete is cured in contact with the lower inner surface of the frame. To be united.

枠体内の切り梁は、枠体を沈設してから設置するようにしてもよいし、枠体を工場製作する際に予め設けておくようにしてもかまわない。また、切り梁は、複数段で構成するのが望ましいが、少なくとも底版を構成する水中コンクリート内に埋設される位置には設けるものとする。なお、最下段の切り梁とは、単一の段数の場合であれ、複数の段数であれ、底版を構成する水中コンクリート内に埋設される位置に設けられた切り梁を意味する。   The cut beams in the frame body may be installed after the frame body is sunk, or may be provided in advance when the frame body is manufactured at the factory. In addition, the cut beam is preferably formed in a plurality of stages, but is provided at least at a position embedded in the underwater concrete forming the bottom plate. The lowermost cut beam means a cut beam provided at a position embedded in the underwater concrete constituting the bottom slab, whether it is a single step number or a plurality of step numbers.

水中コンクリートの強度発現後、枠体及び底版で囲まれた空間から水を抜く、いわゆるドライアップを行い、該空間を作業空間とする。   After the strength of the underwater concrete is developed, water is drained from the space surrounded by the frame and the bottom plate, so-called dry-up is performed, and the space is used as a work space.

このようにすると、枠体に水平に作用する側方水圧は切り梁がこれに抵抗し、底版の下面に作用する浮力は該底版を貫通している杭と水底地盤との周面摩擦力で該浮力に抵抗する。   In this way, the lateral water pressure acting horizontally on the frame body is resisted by the cut beam, and the buoyancy acting on the bottom surface of the bottom slab is the peripheral friction force between the pile penetrating the bottom slab and the bottom ground. Resist the buoyancy.

ここで、底版に鉛直上方に作用する浮力は、該底版に曲げモーメントを発生させるが、本発明では、底版に埋設された切り梁が補強部材として機能して底版の曲げ剛性を高めるので、底版の曲げ変形が抑制されることとなり、かくして曲げひび割れが発生しなくなるとともに、枠体との付着が切れて隙間が生じることもなくなり、従来よりも止水性が格段に向上する。   Here, the buoyancy acting vertically upward on the bottom slab generates a bending moment in the bottom slab, but in the present invention, the cut beam embedded in the bottom slab functions as a reinforcing member to increase the bending rigidity of the bottom slab. Thus, bending cracks are not generated, and thus no bending cracks are generated, and adhesion to the frame body is not cut and gaps are not generated.

なお、最下段の切り梁を平面格子状となるように配置しておけば、底版の曲げ剛性を確実に高めることが可能となる。   In addition, if the lowermost cut beam is arranged in a planar lattice shape, the bending rigidity of the bottom plate can be reliably increased.

次に、上述した作業空間にて底版上に水中構造物、例えば橋脚を構築する。水中構造物を構築するにあたっては、底版から突出している杭の頭部が水中構造物と接合されるようにする。   Next, an underwater structure such as a pier is constructed on the bottom plate in the above-described work space. When constructing the underwater structure, the head of the pile protruding from the bottom plate is joined to the underwater structure.

このようにすると、杭と水中構造物とは所望の接合度で連結されることとなり、水中構造物の耐震性が大幅に向上する。   If it does in this way, a pile and an underwater structure will be connected with a desired joint degree, and the earthquake resistance of an underwater structure will improve significantly.

すなわち、杭と水中構造物とを剛接するのであれば、杭径に対して十分大きな長さだけ水中構造物に埋設されるようにすればよいし、ピン接合するのであれば、埋設長さを短くすればよい。   In other words, if the pile and the underwater structure are rigidly connected, it is sufficient that the pile is embedded in the underwater structure by a length that is sufficiently large relative to the pile diameter. You can shorten it.

なお、杭頭と水中構造物との接合箇所の接合度を剛接にすれば耐震性が向上するというものではなく、大地震時における杭頭破壊を防止することを重視するのであれば剛接よりもピン接の方がよいし、中小地震において水中構造物から杭頭に作用する水平力を杭を介して確実に地盤に伝達させるためには剛接の方が望ましい。   It should be noted that making the joint degree of the joint between the pile head and the underwater structure rigid does not improve seismic resistance, but if it is important to prevent pile head failure during a large earthquake, Pin contact is better than that, and rigid contact is desirable to ensure that the horizontal force acting on the pile head from the underwater structure through the pile is reliably transmitted to the ground in small and medium earthquakes.

つまり、杭の頭部を底版から突出させるとともに水中構造物への埋設長さを適宜選択することが可能な構成とすることにより、耐震設計における設計方針に選択肢が増えるという作用効果を奏する。   That is, by making the head of the pile protrude from the bottom slab and making it possible to select the embedment length in the underwater structure as appropriate, there is an effect that the options for the design policy in the seismic design increase.

また、上述したように、切り梁の埋設によって底版に生じる曲げ変形が抑制されるので、底版に作用する浮力によって水中構造物の構築に悪影響を及ぼす懸念もなくなる。   In addition, as described above, since bending deformation generated in the bottom plate due to the embedding of the cut beam is suppressed, there is no concern that the buoyancy acting on the bottom plate adversely affects the construction of the underwater structure.

水中構造物の構築が完了したならば、作業空間内に水を注水する。   When construction of the underwater structure is completed, water is poured into the work space.

次に、枠体を底版の直上で上方枠体と下方枠体とに分離し、しかる後、最下段の切り梁を除くすべての切り梁及び上方枠体を撤去する。   Next, the frame is separated into an upper frame and a lower frame just above the bottom plate, and then all the cut beams and the upper frame except for the lowermost cut beam are removed.

ここで、枠体を鋼製パネルで構成するとともに上方枠体と下方枠体との分離箇所が鋼製パネル同士の接合位置に一致するように該枠体を構成しておけば、潜水作業による枠体の分離作業を容易に行うことができる。   Here, if the frame is configured with a steel panel and the frame is configured so that the separation position between the upper frame and the lower frame matches the joining position of the steel panels, The frame can be easily separated.

上述した杭は、鋼管杭、ＰＣ杭等、その種類は問わないが、その頭部のうち、底版に埋設される箇所の周面に凹凸を設けたならば、底版との付着強度が向上し、底版に作用する浮力を杭を介して水底地盤に確実に伝達させることが可能となる。   The piles mentioned above may be of any type, such as steel pipe piles, PC piles, etc. If unevenness is provided on the peripheral surface of the portion of the head embedded in the bottom plate, the bond strength with the bottom plate is improved. The buoyancy acting on the bottom slab can be reliably transmitted to the water bottom ground via the pile.

以下、本発明に係る水中構造物の構築方法の実施の形態について、添付図面を参照して説明する。なお、従来技術と実質的に同一の部品等については同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of a construction method of an underwater structure according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that components that are substantially the same as those of the prior art are assigned the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted.

図１は、本実施形態に係る水中構造物の構築方法を実施する手順を示したフローチャート、図２乃至図６は各工程における作業図である。   FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a procedure for implementing a construction method of an underwater structure according to the present embodiment, and FIGS. 2 to 6 are work diagrams in each process.

これらの図に示すように、本実施形態に係る水中構造物の構築方法においては、まず、図２に示すように水中構造物としての橋脚１が構築される河川、湖沼等の水域２に拡がる水底３′を予め浚渫し、浚渫後に露出された箇所を橋脚１が構築される水底３とする（ステップ１０１）。   As shown in these drawings, in the construction method of the underwater structure according to the present embodiment, first, as shown in FIG. 2, the pier 1 as the underwater structure is spread to a water area 2 such as a river or a lake. The bottom 3 'is dredged in advance, and the portion exposed after dredging is the bottom 3 on which the pier 1 is constructed (step 101).

浚渫作業は、台船４に搭載されたクラムシェル５を用いて行えばよい。   The dredging work may be performed using the clam shell 5 mounted on the carriage 4.

次に、同図に示すように工場で製作された枠体としての鋼製パネル６を水域２に沈設する（ステップ１０２）。鋼製パネル６は、矩形ボックス状に工場製作し、これを現場に曳航すればよく、一体化されたものを沈設するようにしてもよいし、現場で組み立てながら沈設するようにしてもよい。   Next, as shown in the figure, a steel panel 6 as a frame body manufactured in a factory is sunk in the water area 2 (step 102). The steel panel 6 may be manufactured in a factory in a rectangular box shape and towed to the site, and the integrated panel may be set, or may be set while being assembled on the site.

鋼製パネル６を沈設するにあたっては、該鋼製パネルの下縁が水域２の水底３に貫入されるように、かつ上縁が水域２の水面より高い位置となるように行う。かかる鋼製パネル６は、橋脚１を構築するための作業スペースに周囲の水域２から水が流入するのを防止する締切り手段となる。なお、鋼製パネル６は、水底３に貫入されやすいよう、その下縁をテーパー状に形成しておくのがよい。   When the steel panel 6 is laid, the lower edge of the steel panel is inserted into the bottom 3 of the water area 2 and the upper edge is higher than the water surface of the water area 2. The steel panel 6 serves as a closing means for preventing water from flowing from the surrounding water area 2 into the work space for constructing the pier 1. In addition, it is good to form the lower edge of the steel panel 6 in the taper shape so that it may be easy to penetrate the water bottom 3.

一方、図３に示すように、鋼製パネル６の沈設と相前後して又は同時並行に、後工程で構築される橋脚１を支持する本設の基礎構造部材となる杭３１を鋼製パネル６で囲まれる平面領域内に打設するとともに、鋼製パネル６の外側に近接した位置にて係留杭３３を打設し該係留杭から反力をとることで、鋼製パネル６を下方に沈め又は上方に浮上させて所定の位置に位置決めし、しかる後、鋼製パネル６を係留杭３３に連結する（ステップ１０３）。かかる杭３１及び係留杭３３は、台船４に搭載された杭打機３２で打ち込めばよい。   On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, a pile 31 which is a basic foundation member for supporting a bridge pier 1 constructed in a subsequent process is provided before or after or simultaneously with the settling of the steel panel 6. The steel panel 6 is moved downward by placing a mooring pile 33 at a position close to the outside of the steel panel 6 and taking a reaction force from the mooring pile. The steel panel 6 is connected to the mooring pile 33 after being submerged or floated upward and positioned at a predetermined position (step 103). The pile 31 and the mooring pile 33 may be driven by a pile driving machine 32 mounted on the carrier 4.

ここで、係留杭３３から反力をとることで鋼製パネル６を下方に沈める場合には、必要に応じて水底３をさらに掘削する。   Here, when the steel panel 6 is sunk downward by taking a reaction force from the mooring pile 33, the water bottom 3 is further excavated as necessary.

次に、図４に示すように、鋼製パネル６内に水中コンクリートを打設し、水底３上に底版３４を構築する（ステップ１０４）。   Next, as shown in FIG. 4, underwater concrete is placed in the steel panel 6, and the bottom slab 34 is constructed on the bottom 3 (step 104).

ここで、水中コンクリートを打設して底版３４を構築するにあたっては、鋼製パネル６内に設置された切り梁３５，３６のうち、最下段の切り梁３６が水中コンクリートに埋設されるように該水中コンクリートを打設するとともに、杭３１が底版３４を貫通して該底版の上方に頭部が突出するように水中コンクリートを打設し、かつ水中コンクリートが鋼製パネル６の下方内面と接触した状態で硬化することで底版３４と鋼製パネル６とが一体となるようにする。   Here, in constructing the bottom slab 34 by placing the underwater concrete, among the cut beams 35 and 36 installed in the steel panel 6, the lowermost cut beam 36 is embedded in the underwater concrete. While placing the underwater concrete, the underwater concrete is placed so that the pile 31 penetrates the bottom plate 34 and the head protrudes above the bottom plate, and the underwater concrete contacts the lower inner surface of the steel panel 6. In this state, the bottom plate 34 and the steel panel 6 are integrated with each other.

次に、水中コンクリートの強度発現後、図５に示すように、鋼製パネル６及び底版３４で囲まれた空間から水を抜く、いわゆるドライアップを行い、該空間を作業空間５１とする（ステップ１０５）。   Next, after expressing the strength of the underwater concrete, as shown in FIG. 5, so-called dry-up is performed by draining water from the space surrounded by the steel panel 6 and the bottom plate 34, and the space is set as a work space 51 (step). 105).

このようにすると、鋼製パネル６に水平に作用する側方水圧は切り梁３５がこれに抵抗し、底版３４の下面に作用する浮力は、底版３４の自重で抵抗するほか、底版３４との付着力を介して杭３１に伝達された後、杭３１と水底地盤との周面摩擦力によって支持されることで、底版３４の浮き上がりが防止される。加えて、鋼製パネル６が係留杭３３に連結固定されていることによっても、底版３４の浮き上がりが防止される。   In this way, the lateral water pressure acting horizontally on the steel panel 6 is resisted by the cut beam 35, and the buoyancy acting on the lower surface of the bottom slab 34 is resisted by the weight of the bottom slab 34. After being transmitted to the pile 31 through the adhesive force, the bottom plate 34 is prevented from being lifted by being supported by the circumferential frictional force between the pile 31 and the water bottom ground. In addition, when the steel panel 6 is connected and fixed to the mooring pile 33, the bottom plate 34 is prevented from being lifted.

次に、作業空間５１にて底版３４上に橋脚１を構築する（ステップ１０６）。橋脚１を構築するにあたっては、底版３４から突出している杭３１の頭部が該橋脚のフーチングと接合されるようにする。   Next, the pier 1 is constructed on the bottom slab 34 in the work space 51 (step 106). In constructing the pier 1, the head of the pile 31 protruding from the bottom plate 34 is joined to the foot of the pier.

ここで、杭３１と橋脚１とを剛接するのであれば、杭径に対して十分大きな長さだけ橋脚１に埋設されるようにすればよいし、ピン接合するのであれば、埋設長さを短くすればよい。   Here, if the pile 31 and the pier 1 are rigidly connected, it is sufficient to embed the pier 1 by a sufficiently large length with respect to the pile diameter. You can shorten it.

このようにすると、杭３１と橋脚１とを所望の接合度で連結することができる。   If it does in this way, the pile 31 and the pier 1 can be connected by a desired joining degree.

橋脚１の構築が完了したならば、作業空間５１内に水を注水する（ステップ１０７）。   When the construction of the pier 1 is completed, water is poured into the work space 51 (step 107).

次に、図６に示すように、鋼製パネル６を底版３４の直上で上方枠体６ａと下方枠体６ｂとに分離し、しかる後、最上段の切り梁３５とともに上方枠体６ａを撤去する（ステップ１０８）。   Next, as shown in FIG. 6, the steel panel 6 is separated into an upper frame 6a and a lower frame 6b immediately above the bottom plate 34, and then the upper frame 6a is removed together with the uppermost cut beam 35. (Step 108).

以上説明したように、本実施形態に係る水中構造物の構築方法によれば、係留杭３３から反力をとることで、鋼製パネル６を下方に沈め又は上方に浮上させて所定の位置に位置決めし、しかる後、鋼製パネル６を係留杭３３に連結するようにしたので、水中コンクリート打設前及び打設中における鋼製パネル６の揺動、浮上及び沈降を防止することができるとともに、軟弱海底地盤への過剰な沈込み又は海底地盤への貫入不足を未然に回避することができる。   As explained above, according to the construction method of the underwater structure according to the present embodiment, by taking the reaction force from the mooring pile 33, the steel panel 6 is sunk downward or floated upward to a predetermined position. After positioning and then connecting the steel panel 6 to the mooring pile 33, the steel panel 6 can be prevented from swinging, floating and sinking before and during placing the underwater concrete. In addition, excessive subsidence to the soft seabed or insufficient penetration into the seabed can be avoided.

また、本実施形態に係る水中構造物の構築方法によれば、杭３１が底版３４を貫通して該底版の上方に頭部が突出するように水中コンクリートを打設するようにしたので、底版３４の下面に作用する浮力を、本設の基礎構造物である杭３１で抵抗することが可能となり、かくして、底版３４に作用する浮力を余裕をもって支持することが可能となる。   Moreover, according to the construction method of the underwater structure according to the present embodiment, since the pile 31 penetrates the bottom plate 34 and the underwater concrete is placed so that the head protrudes above the bottom plate, the bottom plate The buoyancy acting on the lower surface of 34 can be resisted by the pile 31 which is the foundation structure of the main installation, and thus the buoyancy acting on the bottom slab 34 can be supported with a margin.

また、本実施形態に係る水中構造物の構築方法によれば、鋼製パネル６内に設置された切り梁３５，３６のうち、最下段の切り梁３６を底板３４内に埋設するようにしたので、切り梁３６が補強部材として機能し、底版３４の曲げ剛性を高める。   Moreover, according to the construction method of the underwater structure according to the present embodiment, among the cut beams 35 and 36 installed in the steel panel 6, the lowermost cut beam 36 is embedded in the bottom plate 34. Therefore, the cut beam 36 functions as a reinforcing member and increases the bending rigidity of the bottom plate 34.

したがって、底版３４の曲げ変形が抑制されることとなり、かくして曲げひび割れが発生しなくなるとともに、鋼製パネル６との付着が切れて隙間が生じることもなくなり、従来よりも止水性が格段に向上する。   Therefore, the bending deformation of the bottom plate 34 is suppressed, and thus no bending cracks are generated, and the adhesion with the steel panel 6 is not cut and no gap is generated, so that the water stopping property is remarkably improved as compared with the prior art. .

また、本実施形態に係る水中構造物の構築方法によれば、橋脚１を構築するにあたり、底版３４から突出している杭３１の頭部を該橋脚のフーチングに埋設接合するようにしたので、橋脚１への埋設長さを適宜選択することによって、杭３１と橋脚１とを所望の接合度で連結することが可能となり、ひいては所望の耐震性を確保することが可能となる。   Moreover, according to the construction method of the underwater structure according to the present embodiment, when the pier 1 is constructed, the head of the pile 31 protruding from the bottom slab 34 is embedded and joined to the footing of the pier. By appropriately selecting the embedment length to 1, it is possible to connect the pile 31 and the pier 1 with a desired degree of joining, and as a result, it is possible to ensure the desired earthquake resistance.

また、上述したように、切り梁３６を底版３４に埋設することによって該底版に生じる曲げ変形が抑制されるため、底版３４に作用する浮力によって橋脚１の構築に悪影響を及ぼす懸念もなくなる。   Further, as described above, since the bending beam generated in the bottom slab is suppressed by embedding the cut beam 36 in the bottom slab 34, there is no concern that the buoyancy acting on the bottom slab 34 adversely affects the construction of the pier 1.

本実施形態では特に言及しなかったが、最下段の切り梁３６を平面格子状となるように配置しておけば、底版３４の曲げ剛性を確実に高めることが可能となる。   Although not particularly mentioned in the present embodiment, the bending rigidity of the bottom slab 34 can be reliably increased if the lowermost cut beams 36 are arranged in a planar lattice shape.

また、本実施形態では特に言及しなかったが、杭３１の頭部のうち、底版３４に埋設される箇所の周面に凹凸を設けたならば、底版との付着強度が向上し、底版３４に作用する浮力を杭３１を介して水底地盤に確実に伝達させることが可能となる。かかる凹凸は、杭３１の周面にスタッドを突設する、リブを突設するなど、公知の技術を用いて構成すればよい。   Although not particularly mentioned in the present embodiment, if unevenness is provided on the peripheral surface of the portion of the head of the pile 31 embedded in the bottom plate 34, the adhesion strength with the bottom plate is improved, and the bottom plate 34 is provided. It becomes possible to reliably transmit the buoyancy acting on the water bottom ground through the pile 31. What is necessary is just to comprise this unevenness | corrugation using well-known techniques, such as projecting a stud on the surrounding surface of the pile 31, and projecting a rib.

また、本実施形態では特に言及しなかったが、上方枠体６ａと下方枠体６ｂとの分離箇所が鋼製パネル６のパネル接合位置に一致するように該鋼製パネル６を構成しておけば、潜水作業による鋼製パネル６の分離作業を容易に行うことができる。   Although not particularly mentioned in the present embodiment, the steel panel 6 can be configured so that the separation point between the upper frame body 6a and the lower frame body 6b coincides with the panel joining position of the steel panel 6. For example, the separation work of the steel panel 6 by the diving work can be easily performed.

本実施形態に係る水中構造物の構築方法を実施する手順を示したフローチャート。The flowchart which showed the procedure which implements the construction method of the underwater structure concerning this embodiment. 本実施形態に係る水中構造物の構築方法の作業図であり、(a)は平面図、(b)は断面図。It is a work figure of the construction method of the underwater structure concerning this embodiment, (a) is a top view and (b) is a sectional view. 本実施形態に係る水中構造物の構築方法の作業図であり、(a)は平面図、(b)は断面図。It is a work figure of the construction method of the underwater structure concerning this embodiment, (a) is a top view and (b) is a sectional view. 本実施形態に係る水中構造物の構築方法の作業図であり、(a)は平面図、(b)は断面図。It is a work figure of the construction method of the underwater structure concerning this embodiment, (a) is a top view and (b) is a sectional view. 本実施形態に係る水中構造物の構築方法の作業図であり、(a)は平面図、(b)は断面図。It is a work figure of the construction method of the underwater structure concerning this embodiment, (a) is a top view and (b) is a sectional view. 本実施形態に係る水中構造物の構築方法の作業図であり、(a)は平面図、(b)は断面図。It is a work figure of the construction method of the underwater structure concerning this embodiment, (a) is a top view and (b) is a sectional view.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 橋脚（水中構造物）
２ 水域
３ 水底
６ 鋼製パネル（枠体）
３１ 杭
３３ 係留杭
３４ 底版
３５ 切り梁
３６ 切り梁（最下段の切り梁）
５１ 作業空間
６ａ 上方枠体
６ｂ 下方枠体
1 Pier (underwater structure)
2 Water area 3 Water bottom 6 Steel panel (frame)
31 Pile 33 Mooring Pile 34 Bottom Slab 35 Cut Beam 36 Cut Beam (Bottom Beam)
51 Working space 6a Upper frame 6b Lower frame

Claims (5)

河川、湖沼等の水域に所定の枠体を該枠体の下縁が前記水域の水底に貫入されるようにかつ上縁が前記水域の水面より高い位置となるように沈設するとともに前記枠体で囲まれる平面領域内に杭を打設し、前記枠体内に設置された切り梁のうち、最下段の切り梁が埋設され前記杭の頭部が上方に突出するようにかつ前記枠体の下方内面と一体となるように前記枠体内に水中コンクリートを打設して前記水底上に底版を構築し、前記枠体及び前記底版で囲まれた空間から水を抜いて作業空間とし、前記杭の頭部と接合されるように該作業空間にて前記底版上に水中構造物を構築し、前記作業空間内に水を注水した後、前記枠体を前記底版の直上で上方枠体と下方枠体とに分離し、しかる後、前記最下段の切り梁を除くすべての切り梁及び前記上方枠体を撤去することを特徴とする水中構造物の構築方法。 A predetermined frame body is sunk in a water area such as a river or a lake so that the lower edge of the frame body penetrates into the bottom of the water area and the upper edge is higher than the water surface of the water area. A pile is placed in a plane region surrounded by the frame, and among the cut beams installed in the frame body, the lowermost cut beam is embedded and the head of the pile projects upward and the frame body Underwater concrete is cast into the frame body so as to be integrated with the lower inner surface, a bottom plate is constructed on the water bottom, water is drawn from the space surrounded by the frame body and the bottom plate to form a work space, and the pile After constructing an underwater structure on the bottom plate in the work space so as to be joined to the head of the head, and pouring water into the work space, the frame is placed directly above the bottom plate and below the upper frame. Separated from the frame, and then all the beams except the lowermost beam and the upper Method for constructing a underwater structure characterized by removing the frame. 前記枠体の外側に近接した位置にて係留杭を打設し、該係留杭から反力をとることで前記枠体を下方に沈め又は上方に浮上させて所定の位置に位置決めし、しかる後、前記枠体を前記係留杭に連結することで、前記水中コンクリート打設前及び打設中における前記枠体の揺動、浮上及び沈降を防止する請求項１記載の水中構造物の構築方法。 After placing a mooring pile at a position close to the outside of the frame body and taking a reaction force from the mooring pile, the frame body is sunk downward or floated upward to be positioned at a predetermined position, and thereafter The construction method of the underwater structure according to claim 1, wherein the frame body is connected to the mooring pile to prevent the frame body from swinging, floating and sinking before and during the placement of the underwater concrete. 前記最下段の切り梁を平面格子状となるように配置する請求項１記載の水中構造物の構築方法。 The method for constructing an underwater structure according to claim 1, wherein the lowermost cut beams are arranged in a planar lattice shape. 前記枠体を鋼製パネルで構成するとともに前記上方枠体と前記下方枠体との分離箇所が前記鋼製パネル同士の接合位置に一致するように該枠体を構成する請求項１記載の水中構造物の構築方法。 The underwater according to claim 1, wherein the frame body is formed of a steel panel and the frame body is configured such that a separation portion between the upper frame body and the lower frame body coincides with a joining position between the steel panels. How to build a structure. 前記杭の頭部のうち、前記底版に埋設される箇所の周面に凹凸を設けた請求項１記載の水中構造物の構築方法。 The construction method of the underwater structure according to claim 1, wherein unevenness is provided on a peripheral surface of a portion embedded in the bottom slab of the head of the pile.
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JPS4951706A (en) * 1972-09-21 1974-05-20
JP2002146811A (en) * 2000-11-16 2002-05-22 Kajima Corp Construction method for underwater structure foundation

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4951706A (en) * 1972-09-21 1974-05-20
JP2002146811A (en) * 2000-11-16 2002-05-22 Kajima Corp Construction method for underwater structure foundation

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