JP4527020B2 - Generation method of water droplets or ice particles by ultraviolet laser - Google Patents
Generation method of water droplets or ice particles by ultraviolet laser Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、空気中において水滴又は氷粒を人工的に生成する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for artificially generating water droplets or ice particles in air.
従来より、人工的に雨を降らす方法、あるいは、空気中に人工的に水滴を形成する方法についての研究がなされている。
従来の方法としては、例えば、ヨウ化銀、塩化カルシウム、カルシウムカーバイト、酸化カルシウム、食塩、尿素などの微粒子、又はドライアイス氷の微粒子を空気中に散布し、これらの微粒子を核とし、その核を中心にして空気中の水を凝集させる方法が提案されている。
Conventionally, research has been conducted on a method for artificially raining or a method for artificially forming water droplets in the air.
As a conventional method, for example, fine particles such as silver iodide, calcium chloride, calcium carbide, calcium oxide, salt, urea, or fine particles of dry ice ice are dispersed in the air, and these fine particles are used as nuclei. A method of aggregating water in the air around the nucleus has been proposed.
しかしながら、上記の核となる微粒子を大気中に散布する方法を実施すれば、上記微粒子よりなる異物によって大気環境に負荷がかかるおそれがある。
また、実際に上記方法を効果的に行うには、航空機又はロケットを使用して微粒子を高い高度の空中にまで運ぶ必要があり、コストが非常に高くなる。
However, if the above-described method of spraying fine particles serving as nuclei into the atmosphere is performed, there is a risk that a load on the atmospheric environment may be imposed by the foreign substances made of the fine particles.
Moreover, in order to actually carry out the above method effectively, it is necessary to carry fine particles to a high altitude air using an aircraft or a rocket, resulting in a very high cost.
また、特許文献１には、雲にレーザー光を照射する人工降雨方法が示されている。しかしながら、そこには、具体的にどのようなレーザー光をどのように照射するのか明確には示されておらず、実施可能なまでに十分な技術は記載されていない。
一方、レーザー光により降雨あるいは水滴の生成が可能となれば、非常に有効である。そのため、実際にレーザー光照射によって水滴を生成できる具体的方法についての開発が望まれていた。
Patent Document 1 discloses an artificial rain method in which a cloud is irradiated with laser light. However, it does not clearly show what kind of laser light is irradiated and how to apply it, and does not describe a technique sufficient to implement it.
On the other hand, if it is possible to generate rain or water droplets with laser light, it is very effective. Therefore, development of a specific method that can actually generate water droplets by laser light irradiation has been desired.
本発明は、かかる従来の問題点に鑑みてなされたもので、レーザー光を照射することによって水滴を生成させることが可能な具体的な方法を提供しようとするものである。 The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a specific method capable of generating water droplets by irradiating a laser beam.
本発明は、水蒸気を含む空気よりなる対象領域に、波長が２７０ｎｍ〜１８０ｎｍの紫外線レーザー光を照射することにより、上記対象領域内に水滴又は氷粒を生じさせることを特徴とする紫外線レーザーによる水滴又は氷粒の生成方法にある（請求項１）。 According to the present invention, water droplets or ice droplets are produced in the target region by irradiating the target region made of air containing water vapor with ultraviolet laser light having a wavelength of 270 nm to 180 nm. Or it exists in the production method of an ice grain (Claim 1).
本発明は、上記のごとく、照射するレーザー光として、波長が２７０ｎｍ〜１８０ｎｍの紫外線レーザー光を用い、この特定の範囲の波長を有する紫外線レーザー光を上記対象領域に照射する。これにより、対象領域内の水蒸気を含む空気そのものを、化学反応によって核に変化させることができる。そして、この核を中心に水分子が凝集することにより、水滴又は氷粒が生成する。 As described above, the present invention uses ultraviolet laser light having a wavelength of 270 nm to 180 nm as the laser light to be irradiated, and irradiates the target region with the ultraviolet laser light having a wavelength in this specific range. Thereby, the air itself containing water vapor in the target region can be changed into a nucleus by a chemical reaction. Then, water droplets or ice particles are generated by aggregating water molecules around the nucleus.
このように、本発明の方法によれば、空気中に核となる微粒子等の異物を散布する必要が無く、水蒸気を含む空気そのものを光化学反応によって核に変化させることができる。そのため、環境に悪影響を与えることがない。
また、上記特定の波長の紫外線レーザー光を照射することにより生じる核は、反応性の高い、原子、分子、分子ラジカル等よりなる。すなわち、ＯＨラジカル、ＨＯ2ラジカル、水イオンなど、酸素の光解離によって生ずる酸素ラジカル反応生成物としてのオゾン、過酸化水素などが上記核となる。そのため、これらの反応性の高い核は、高い反応性や強い分散力によって中性の水分子をその周りに凝集させることができる。
As described above, according to the method of the present invention, it is not necessary to scatter foreign matter such as fine particles serving as nuclei in the air, and the air itself containing water vapor can be changed into nuclei by a photochemical reaction. Therefore, there is no adverse effect on the environment.
Moreover, the nucleus produced | generated by irradiating the ultraviolet laser beam of the said specific wavelength consists of a highly reactive atom, molecule | numerator, molecular radical, etc. That is, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, etc. as oxygen radical reaction products generated by photodissociation of oxygen, such as OH radicals, HO 2 radicals, and water ions, serve as the nucleus. Therefore, these highly reactive nuclei can aggregate neutral water molecules around them with high reactivity and strong dispersion force.
ここで、上記のごとく、本発明では、レーザー光として、波長が２７０ｎｍ〜１８０ｎｍの紫外線レーザー光を用いる。
上記紫外線レーザー光の波長が１８０ｎｍ未満の場合には、空気中において酸素、窒素等に吸収されやすく、目標とする上記対象領域にレーザー光を到達させることが難しくなる場合が生ずる。一方、上記紫外線レーザー光の波長が２７０ｎｍを超える場合には、光が空気を構成する分子に吸収されず、したがって光反応も起こらないという問題がある。
そこで、本発明では、上記の２７０ｎｍ〜１８０ｎｍという特定の範囲の波長に限定する。
Here, as described above, in the present invention, ultraviolet laser light having a wavelength of 270 nm to 180 nm is used as the laser light.
When the wavelength of the ultraviolet laser beam is less than 180 nm, it may be easily absorbed by oxygen, nitrogen, or the like in the air, and it may be difficult to make the laser beam reach the target region. On the other hand, when the wavelength of the ultraviolet laser beam exceeds 270 nm, there is a problem that the light is not absorbed by the molecules constituting the air and therefore no photoreaction occurs.
Therefore, in the present invention, the wavelength is limited to the specific range of 270 nm to 180 nm.
本発明においては、上記のごとく、水蒸気を含む空気よりなる対象領域に上記特定の紫外線レーザー光を照射する。上記対象領域としては、いわゆる大気中の特定の領域を選択することができる。なお、水蒸気の含有量、温度についての好ましい範囲については後述する。 In the present invention, as described above, the specific ultraviolet laser light is irradiated onto the target region made of air containing water vapor. A so-called specific area in the atmosphere can be selected as the target area. In addition, the preferable range about water content and temperature is mentioned later.
また、照射するレーザー光として、波長が２７０ｎｍ〜１８０ｎｍの紫外線レーザー光を用いるが、具体的なレーザー光としては、例えばエキシマレーザを用いることができる。その中でも特に、上記紫外線レーザー光は、波長が１９３ｎｍのアルゴン・フッ素レーザー光であることが好ましい（請求項２）。これにより、特に、空気中の酸素分子の光解離反応を誘起するという効果が得られる。 Moreover, although an ultraviolet laser beam having a wavelength of 270 nm to 180 nm is used as the laser beam to be irradiated, an excimer laser, for example, can be used as a specific laser beam. Among them, the ultraviolet laser beam is particularly preferably an argon / fluorine laser beam having a wavelength of 193 nm. Thereby, in particular, an effect of inducing a photodissociation reaction of oxygen molecules in the air can be obtained.
また、上記紫外線レーザー光は、波長が２４８ｎｍのクリプトン・フッ素レーザー光であることも好ましい（請求項３）。これにより、空気中のより遠方へ光を到達させ、水滴を生成させることができるという効果が得られる。 The ultraviolet laser light is preferably krypton / fluorine laser light having a wavelength of 248 nm. Thereby, the effect that light can reach farther in the air and water droplets can be generated is obtained.
また、上記対象領域は、水蒸気の含有量が飽和水蒸気圧またはそれ以上であることが好ましい（請求項４）。この場合には、水滴又は氷粒の生成を効率よく行うことができる。水蒸気の含有量が飽和水蒸気圧未満の場合には、水分子の凝集が起こりにくく、水滴又は氷粒の生成効率が低くなるおそれがある。 Further, the target region preferably has a water vapor content of saturated water vapor pressure or higher (claim 4). In this case, water droplets or ice particles can be generated efficiently. When the water vapor content is less than the saturated water vapor pressure, water molecules are unlikely to aggregate and the generation efficiency of water droplets or ice particles may be reduced.
また、上記対象領域の温度は、３℃以下であることが好ましい（請求項５）。上記対象領域の温度が３℃〜０℃の場合には、水滴（雨あるいは霧）が生じ、０℃以下の場合には氷粒（雪）を生ずる。一方、上記対象領域の温度が３℃を超える場合には、水滴又は氷粒が生じにくくなるおそれがある。 Moreover, it is preferable that the temperature of the said target area | region is 3 degrees C or less (Claim 5). When the temperature of the target region is 3 ° C. to 0 ° C., water droplets (rain or fog) are generated, and when the temperature is 0 ° C. or lower, ice particles (snow) are generated. On the other hand, when the temperature of the target region exceeds 3 ° C., water droplets or ice particles may not be easily generated.
また、上記紫外線レーザー光の照射は、上記対象領域内における照射位置を変更しながら連続的に行うことが好ましい（請求項６）。この場合には、上記対象領域内に水分子凝集の核を多数形成することができ、水滴の生成を効率よく行うことができる。 Further, it is preferable that the irradiation with the ultraviolet laser light is continuously performed while changing the irradiation position in the target region. In this case, many water molecule aggregation nuclei can be formed in the target region, and water droplets can be generated efficiently.
本発明の実施例に係る水滴の生成方法につき、図１〜図３を用いて説明する。
本例では、水蒸気を含む空気よりなる対象領域を実験的に形成し、複数種類のレーザー光を照射して、水滴が生じるか否かを観察した。
実験を行った実験装置１は、図１に示すごとく、円筒状の石英管１０と、その下端開口部を閉塞する底板部１２と、その上端開口部を閉塞する上皿部１１とを有している。底板部１２は架台部１３に支持されていると共に、裏面にヒータ１４を備えている。また、底板部１２の上面には、水を備蓄する水盤１５が配設されている。
A method for generating water droplets according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
In this example, a target region made of air containing water vapor was experimentally formed, and a plurality of types of laser beams were irradiated to observe whether or not water droplets were generated.
As shown in FIG. 1, the experimental apparatus 1 that performed the experiment has a cylindrical quartz tube 10, a bottom plate portion 12 that closes the lower end opening thereof, and an upper dish portion 11 that closes the upper end opening thereof. ing. The bottom plate 12 is supported by the gantry 13 and has a heater 14 on the back surface. Further, a basin 15 for storing water is disposed on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 12.
水盤１５内には、水８をほぼ一杯に備蓄しており、これをヒータ１４によって温度制御するようにしてある。また、上皿１１内には、氷と水又はドライアイスとエタノールを入れることにより温度制御するようにしてある。これらの温度制御によって、石英円筒１０内の温度、水蒸気含有量を制御し、図１に示した対象領域２の条件を調整する。 In the basin 15, the water 8 is stored almost fully, and the temperature of the water 8 is controlled by the heater 14. Further, the temperature is controlled by putting ice and water or dry ice and ethanol in the upper plate 11. With these temperature controls, the temperature in the quartz cylinder 10 and the water vapor content are controlled, and the conditions of the target region 2 shown in FIG. 1 are adjusted.
また、石英円筒１０の外部には、対象領域２へのレーザー光３を照射するレーザー光照射手段３０と、参照用可視光４を照射する可視光照射手段４０が配設されている。レーザー光照射手段３０は、レーザー光の種類により取り替えるようにしてあり、いずれも、照射位置を調整する集光レンズ等（図示略）を具備している。
また、対象領域２は、上限を示す波線Ｓ１と下限を示す波線Ｓ２に囲まれる領域に設けてあり、参照用可視光４を照射する領域は、上記の対象領域２よりも広い範囲の上限を示す波線Ｓ３と下限を示す波線Ｓ４に囲まれる領域２９である。
In addition, a laser light irradiation means 30 for irradiating the target region 2 with the laser light 3 and a visible light irradiation means 40 for irradiating the reference visible light 4 are disposed outside the quartz cylinder 10. The laser light irradiation means 30 is replaced depending on the type of laser light, and each includes a condensing lens or the like (not shown) for adjusting the irradiation position.
The target region 2 is provided in a region surrounded by the wavy line S1 indicating the upper limit and the wavy line S2 indicating the lower limit, and the region irradiated with the reference visible light 4 has an upper limit in a wider range than the target region 2 described above. It is the area | region 29 enclosed by the broken line S3 which shows, and the broken line S4 which shows a minimum.
（実施例１）
実施例１では、レーザー光として、波長が１９３ｎｍのアルゴン・フッ素レーザー光を採用した。レーザー光の照射条件は、出力１００ｍＪ／ｃｍ2、パス幅１０ナノ秒、照射回数５０回である。この照射条件は、他の実施例および比較例も同じにした。
Example 1
In Example 1, an argon / fluorine laser beam having a wavelength of 193 nm was employed as the laser beam. The laser light irradiation conditions are an output of 100 mJ / cm 2 , a pass width of 10 nanoseconds, and the number of irradiations of 50 times. The irradiation conditions were the same in other examples and comparative examples.
また、対象領域２の条件は、水蒸気含有量：飽和水蒸気圧、温度：０〜２℃という条件に設定した。これは、水盤１５内の水８の温度を２８℃、上皿１１内の温度を０℃とすることにより実現した。
実験の結果、実施例１では、レーザー光の照射後、対象領域内に水滴（霧）が観察され、確実に水滴が生成したことが、レーザー光３０の散乱光を観察することによりわかった。
本例における対象領域２の状態を撮影した写真を図２に示す。同図における白い部分が水滴（霧）である。
Moreover, the conditions of the object area | region 2 were set to the conditions of water vapor content: saturated water vapor pressure, temperature: 0-2 degreeC. This was realized by setting the temperature of the water 8 in the basin 15 to 28 ° C. and the temperature in the upper plate 11 to 0 ° C.
As a result of the experiment, in Example 1, it was found by observing the scattered light of the laser light 30 that water droplets (fog) were observed in the target region after the laser light irradiation, and the water droplets were reliably generated.
The photograph which image | photographed the state of the object area | region 2 in this example is shown in FIG. The white part in the figure is a water droplet (fog).
（実施例２）
実施例２では、対象領域２の温度を−３〜０℃に設定した以外は上記実施例１と同じ条件で実験を行った。なお、この温度の設定は、上皿１１内の温度を−６３℃、水盤１５内の温度を２０℃とすることにより実現した。
実験の結果、実施例２では、レーザー光の照射後、対象領域内に小さな氷となった氷粒（雪）が観察され、確実に氷粒が生成したことがわかった。
本例における対象領域２の状態を撮影した写真を図３に示す。同図における白い部分が氷粒（雪）である。
(Example 2)
In Example 2, the experiment was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the temperature of the target region 2 was set to −3 to 0 ° C. This temperature setting was realized by setting the temperature in the upper plate 11 to −63 ° C. and the temperature in the basin 15 to 20 ° C.
As a result of the experiment, in Example 2, ice particles (snow) that became small ice were observed in the target region after laser light irradiation, and it was found that the ice particles were reliably generated.
The photograph which image | photographed the state of the object area | region 2 in this example is shown in FIG. The white part in the figure is ice particles (snow).
（比較例１）
比較例１では、照射するレーザー光として、近赤外線レーザーである波長１０６４ｎｍのネオジムＹＡＧレーザーを用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同じ条件で実験を行った。
実験の結果、比較例１では、全く水滴が生じなかった。
(Comparative Example 1)
In Comparative Example 1, an experiment was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that a neodymium YAG laser having a wavelength of 1064 nm, which is a near-infrared laser, was used as the laser light to be irradiated.
As a result of the experiment, in Comparative Example 1, no water droplets were generated.
（比較例２）
比較例２では、照射するレーザー光として、可視光線である波長５２３ｎｍ（上記比較例１の場合の２倍波）のネオジムＹＡＧレーザーを用いたこと以外は、実施例１と同じ条件で実験を行った。
実験の結果、比較例２では、全く水滴が生じなかった。
(Comparative Example 2)
In Comparative Example 2, the experiment was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that a neodymium YAG laser having a wavelength of 523 nm (double wave in the case of Comparative Example 1) was used as the laser light to be irradiated. It was.
As a result of the experiment, in Comparative Example 2, no water droplets were generated.
１ 実験装置
２ 対象領域
２０ 対象領域形成手段
３ レーザー光
３０ レーザー光照射手段
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Experimental apparatus 2 Target area | region 20 Target area | region formation means 3 Laser beam 30 Laser beam irradiation means
Claims (6)
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| WO2008062441A2 (en) * | 2006-09-10 | 2008-05-29 | Shivshankar Kanhuji Chopkar | Artificial rainmaking systems |
| RU2373693C1 (en) * | 2008-04-10 | 2009-11-27 | Сергей Владимирович Бологуров | Method of local impact on atmosphere and device for its implementation |
| KR101348115B1 (en) | 2013-02-15 | 2014-01-08 | (주)지비엠 아이엔씨 | Hygroscopic flare composition for weather modification, and cold cloud dissipation method using the same |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5925624A (en) * | 1981-02-14 | 1984-02-09 | 柴谷 鶴一 | Prevention of snow damage and cold-weather damage |
| JPH09233957A (en) * | 1996-03-04 | 1997-09-09 | Shigeru Kimura | Rainfall bar instrument by laser beam |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5925624A (en) * | 1981-02-14 | 1984-02-09 | 柴谷 鶴一 | Prevention of snow damage and cold-weather damage |
| JPH09233957A (en) * | 1996-03-04 | 1997-09-09 | Shigeru Kimura | Rainfall bar instrument by laser beam |
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