JP4521709B2 - Slope greening protection method using a soil injection mat - Google Patents

Slope greening protection method using a soil injection mat Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4521709B2
JP4521709B2 JP2001089006A JP2001089006A JP4521709B2 JP 4521709 B2 JP4521709 B2 JP 4521709B2 JP 2001089006 A JP2001089006 A JP 2001089006A JP 2001089006 A JP2001089006 A JP 2001089006A JP 4521709 B2 JP4521709 B2 JP 4521709B2
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Prior art keywords
seeds
vegetation
slope
base material
soil
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JP2001089006A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2002285557A (en
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禎治 市野
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Nisshoku Corp
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Nisshoku Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、現地植生の導入を容易に可能とした客土注入マットによる法面の緑化保護工法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
法面の緑化保護に際して、現地周域の植物相を混乱させないためには、現地の植生を導入することが望ましいことは言うまでもなく、このため、従来は、地域種子の取り蒔きを行ったり、植生ネットを法面に張設して、周辺植生から飛来する種子を待ち受けたりして、現地植生を導入するようにしていた。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、地域種子の取り蒔きには、多大の人手と時間がかゝり、飛来種子の待ち受けにしても、種子が着床して発芽・生育するまでには長時間を要し、いずれにしても、施工数ヶ月後の植被率は余り高く望めず、この間に法面の表層侵食や崩壊が生じる可能性が大であった。
【0004】
本発明は、かゝる実情に鑑みて成されたものであって、その目的は、施工直後から法面の表層侵食・崩壊を防止できる上に、表土に含まれる現地周辺植生の埋土種子の施工数ヶ月後の植被率も高く確保でき、しかも、施工数ヶ月後には、周辺植生種子の飛来を受け止めやすくなる法面の緑化保護工法を提供する点にある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明による請求項1記載の法面の緑化保護工法は、客土を注入可能な袋マット基材を法面に設置すると共に、適宜間隔に少なくとも採取した埋土種子を含む表土を注入した領域と、その領域間には種子を含まない植生基材、又は経時的に衰退する植物の種子を混入した植生基材を注入した飛来種子の着床待機領域を構成することで、マット基材によって法面の表層侵食・崩壊を防止しながら埋土種子による現地植生と飛来種子による現地植生をバランスよく生育させる点に特徴がある。
【0006】
本発明は、法面を覆うようにマット基材を設置し、このマット基材の袋部に、少なくとも表土を注入して、いわゆる客土注入マットによって法面の緑化保護を図るもので、かゝる法面の緑化保護工法によれば、マット基材の施工直後から法面の表層侵食・崩壊が効果的に防止される。また、表土に含まれる埋土種子の流失も効果的に防止される。
【0007】
そして、やがては表土が含む種子が発芽・生育することで、施工数ヶ月後の植被率が高く確保されるのであり、かつ、マット基材により、法面の表層侵食・崩壊は継続して効果的に防止されることになる。
【0008】
客土として、法面の緑化対象周域の埋土種子を含む表土を選択することが、現地周域の植物相を混乱させない上で肝要であるが、例えば外来の一年草牧草種子等は発芽・生育が早いことから、早期の植被率を高く確保する上で、表土に一年草牧草種子を含めてもよく、またそれは衰退も早いことから、埋土種子の生育を阻害することはなく、結果的に法面は現地植生によって緑化保護されることになる。
【0009】
一方、種子を含まない植生基材を注入した領域は、飛来種子の着床待機領域であり、ここに飛来種子が定着して発芽・生育することで、法面は現地植生の導入によって緑化保護されることになる。
【0010】
また、前記した種子を含まない植生基材に替えて、経時的に衰退する植物の種子を混入した植生基材を注入した場合、施工当初は混入した種子が発芽生育することにより、早期に緑化保護されるとともに、該植物が経時的に衰退することにより、その領域に飛来種子が定着して発芽・生育することで、結果的に法面は現地植生の導入によって緑化保護されることになる。
【0011】
このように、本発明の法面の緑化保護工法によれば、表土に含まれる埋土種子による現地植生と、飛来種子による現地植生をバランスよく生育させることが実現でき、現地における潜在植生による理想的な法面の緑化保護が達成できる。
なお、本発明で使用する客土注入マットの基布は、注入する客土が大量に漏出せず、かつ植物の通芽・通根が容易な目合いを有することが望ましい。
さらには、格子状の補強帯間を腐食性の高い糸によって植生領域を形成するように構成した基布が最適である。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。図1は客土注入マット1による法面Nの緑化保護状況を示し、本発明では、袋部2を連続的に備えたマット基材3に対して、それの所定間隔置きの袋部2に客土4として表土を注入(領域S)し、その間の袋部2に植生基材のみを注入(領域H)したものを客土注入マット1としている。
【0013】
上記のマット基材3は、注入する客土が大量に漏出せず、かつ植物の通芽・通根が容易な目合いを有するように、例えばポリエチレンやナイロン等の合成繊維により構成されている。
また、好ましくは、図2に示すように、耐腐食性の糸5によって細幅の格子状の補強帯6を形成すると共に、腐食性の高い糸7によって補強帯6間に植生領域Aを形成するように、耐腐食性の糸5と腐食性の高い糸7とによって、例えば横幅が100〜200cmの網状シート8を上下二枚連続的に編織しながら、かつ、この網状シート8の編織に際して、シート長さ方向で連続的に袋部2を形成するように、また、シート端部に客土4の注入口9を形成するように、二枚の網状シート8の補強帯6どうしを編織し、更に、袋部2に絞り込み部10を形成するように、二枚の網状シート8の補強帯6どうしをシート8の面方向で所定の間隔を隔てて連結するように編織して、袋部2を連続的に備えたマット基材3を連続的に構成しているのである。
【0014】
この実施の形態では、耐環境性に優れ、長期にわたって耐久性のあるポリエステルやポリアミド、ポリエチレン、ナイロン、ビニロン等の人造繊維による500〜1000デニールの耐腐食性の糸5を用いて、幅が1〜3cmの格子状補強帯6を形成しており、この補強帯6による植生領域Aの大きさを7〜10cm四方としている。
【0015】
一方、腐食性の高い糸7として、耐環境性に劣る早期の腐食化が容易な綿や麻等の天然繊維、その他、レーヨン、アセテート、キュプラ等のセルロース糸再生繊維の500〜1000デニールのものを用いて、植生領域Aの7〜10cmの間隔に50〜80本を配置するようにしている。
【0016】
次に、客土注入マット1による法面Nの緑化保護について説明する。先ずは、袋部2を連続的に備えたマット基材3を、それの袋部2の連続方向(シートの長さ方向)を法面Nの傾斜方向に向けて法面Nに設置し、かつ、所定間隔置きの袋部(この実施の形態では二袋置きの二つ)2に表土Sを適宜肥料や伐採木のチップ等を混入して注入して行く。次いで残った袋部2に、ピートモスや伐採木のチップ等の植生基材Hを注入するが、その際、種子は混入しないか、もしくは、イタリアンライグラス等の一年草牧草や、経時的に衰退できるように少量の多年草牧草や野草を混入してもよい。
この作業を繰り返し行って、客土注入マット1によって緑化保護対象の法面Nを覆うのであり、そして必要に応じて、客土注入マット1をアンカー11で固定するのである。
【0017】
上記の表土Sは、法面Nの緑化対象周域の埋土種子を含む表層土であり、例えば肥料や土壌改良剤の他に、間伐材や抜根のチップ、バーク、ピートモス、パーライト、バーミキュライト等の見かけの比重が0.1〜0.5程度の植生基材を適宜混合したものも好適に用いられ、これに配合される草本種子としては、周辺地域で採取した現地植生の草本種子や低木の木本種子、その他、外来種の草本種子(例えば発芽・生育の早い一年草牧草種子)などを選択して適宜混合する。
【0018】
この表土Sや植生基材Hの客土注入に際して、水で混練してこれをポンプで注入する湿式注入の形態をとってもよいのであるが、効率的には、上記の基材と草本種子等を乾式吹付け機12の撹拌タンク13に供給して、基材と草本種子とを十分に撹拌し、この撹拌によって得られた客土4を、ホース14を通して吹付ノズル15に圧送し、注入口9を通して袋部2に注入する形態をとることであり、注入口9は、適宜ファスナーなどによって閉じるものとする。
【0019】
上記法面Nの緑化保護工法によれば、客土注入マット1を法面Nの緑化保護面に施工することで、その施工直後、直ちに法面Nの表層侵食・崩壊が防止されるのであり、そして、やがては表土Sに含まれる埋土種子が発芽・生育することで、施工数ヶ月後の植被率が高く確保されるのであって、草本種子として、特に発芽・生育の早い外来種の一年草牧草種子を選択した場合は、早期の緑化が達成されることになる。
【0020】
ここで、マット基材3を構成する網状シート8として、これを耐腐食性の糸5と腐食性の高い糸7とによる編織シートとしているので、施工数ヶ月後には、植生領域Aを形成する腐食性の高い糸7が腐食して消滅してしまうが、耐腐食性の糸5による補強帯6が格子状に残ることで、法面Nの表層侵食・崩壊は継続して効果的に防止されるのである。
【0021】
一方、植生基材Hのみを注入した袋部2は、飛来種子の着床待機領域となるのであって、ここに飛来種子が定着して発芽・生育することで、法面Nは現地植生の導入によって緑化保護されることになる。
【0022】
また、植生基材Hに経時的に衰退する種子を導入した場合は、施工初期は導入植物により緑化保護され、いずれ導入植物が衰退すると飛来種子の着床待機領域となるのであって、ここに飛来種子が定着して発芽・生育することで、法面Nは結果的に現地植生の導入によって緑化保護されることになる。
【0023】
尚、シート長さ方向での袋部2の寸法は、客土4を注入した状態で、少なくとも30〜50cm程度あることが望ましい。即ち、客土4の量が少ないことは保水量も少なくなることで、客土4の乾燥を生じる虞れがあり、延いては導入種子の発芽・生育が阻害されることになる。
【0024】
このことから、客土注入状態での袋部2の寸法を、30〜50cmあるいはそれ以上にすることが望ましいのであるが、客土注入状態での袋部2の寸法が、例えば15cmや20cmなど短くとも、隣り合う連続した袋部2に同一客土4を注入して、合計で30cm以上になるようにしてもよいのである。
【0025】
上記の実施の形態では、二袋置きの二つの袋部2に表土Sを注入しているが、図3に概略図示するように、四袋置きの二つの袋部2に表土Sを注入(斜線を引いて示している。)したり、図4に概略図示するように、例えば市松模様を呈するように表土Sを注入(同じく斜線を引いて示している。)するなど、任意の注入形態をとることが可能である。
【0026】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、施工直後から法面の表層侵食・崩壊が防止されると共に、施工数ヶ月後の植被率も高く確保でき、しかも、飛来する周辺の植生種子の受け止めも可能である上に、この後も法面の表層侵食・崩壊の防止が継続的に行われるところの、好ましい現地植生の導入による法面の緑化保護工法が提供される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 客土注入マットによる法面の緑化保護状況を示す斜視図である。
【図2】 主要部を取り出して拡大図示した客土注入マットの部分斜視図である。
【図3】 異なる形態の客土注入状態を示す概略の配置図である。
【図4】 異なる形態の客土注入状態を示す概略の配置図である。
【符号の説明】
2…袋部、3…マット基材、4…客土、5…耐腐食性の糸、6…補強帯、7…腐食性の高い糸、8…網状シート、9…客土注入口、10…絞り込み部、A…植生領域、N…法面、S…表土、H…植生基材。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for protecting a greening of a slope using a soil-filling mat that allows easy introduction of local vegetation.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to avoid disrupting the flora around the local area, it is of course desirable to introduce local vegetation. Nets were stretched on the slopes, waiting for seeds flying from surrounding vegetation to introduce local vegetation.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, handling local seeds takes a lot of manpower and time, and it takes a long time for seeds to land, germinate and grow, even if they are waiting for flying seeds. However, the vegetation coverage after several months of construction could not be expected to be very high, and the surface erosion and collapse of the slope were likely to occur during this period.
[0004]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and its purpose is to prevent surface erosion / disintegration of the slope immediately after the construction, and also to bury the seeds of the surrounding vegetation contained in the topsoil. It is possible to secure a high vegetation coverage after several months of construction, and to provide a greening protection method that makes it easier to catch the surrounding vegetation seeds after several months of construction.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the slope greening protection method according to the present invention includes a bag mat base material into which the soil can be poured, and a region into which topsoil containing at least collected buried seeds is poured at appropriate intervals. And a mating base material by forming a landing waiting area for flying seeds infused with a vegetation base material that does not contain seeds, or a vegetation base material mixed with plant seeds that decline over time . It is characterized in that local vegetation with buried seeds and local vegetation with flying seeds are grown in a well-balanced manner while preventing slope erosion and collapse .
[0006]
In the present invention, a mat base material is installed so as to cover the slope, and at least topsoil is poured into the bag portion of the mat base, and the greening of the slope is achieved by a so-called guest soil infusion mat. According to the greening protection method of the slope, the surface erosion / collapse of the slope is effectively prevented immediately after the mat base material is applied. Moreover, the loss of buried seeds contained in the topsoil is also effectively prevented.
[0007]
In the long run, the seeds in the topsoil germinate and grow, ensuring a high vegetation coverage after several months of construction. Will be prevented.
[0008]
It is important to select the topsoil containing the buried seeds in the area surrounding the greening of the slope as the guest soil, so as not to disturb the flora of the local area, Because of its fast germination and growth, it is possible to include annual grass seeds in the topsoil in order to ensure a high early planting rate, and since it also declines quickly, it inhibits the growth of buried seeds. As a result, the slope is protected by greening by local vegetation.
[0009]
On the other hand, the area into which the seedling-free vegetation base material is injected is the waiting area for landing of flying seeds, where the flying seeds settle and germinate and grow, and the slope is protected by the introduction of local vegetation. Will be.
[0010]
In addition, when a vegetation base material mixed with plant seeds that decline over time is injected instead of the vegetation base material that does not contain the seeds described above, the mixed seeds germinate and grow at the beginning of the construction, so that greening can be done early. In addition to being protected, the plant decays over time, so that the flying seeds settle and germinate and grow in the area. As a result, the slope is protected by the introduction of local vegetation. .
[0011]
Thus, according to the slope protection method of the present invention, it is possible to grow the local vegetation by the buried seeds contained in the topsoil and the local vegetation by the flying seeds in a well-balanced manner. A natural slope protection can be achieved.
In addition, it is desirable for the base fabric of the guest soil injection mat used in the present invention to have a scale that does not leak a large amount of the customer soil to be injected and that allows easy plant sprouting and rooting.
Furthermore, a base fabric configured such that a vegetation region is formed by a highly corrosive thread between grid-like reinforcing bands is optimal.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows the state of greening protection of the slope N by the soil-filling mat 1. In the present invention, the mat base material 3 continuously provided with the bag portions 2 is provided with the bag portions 2 at predetermined intervals. A top soil is injected as the soil 4 (region S), and only the vegetation base material is injected (region H) into the bag portion 2 therebetween.
[0013]
The mat base material 3 is made of synthetic fibers such as polyethylene and nylon so that a large amount of the soil to be injected does not leak out and the plant can be easily sown and rooted. .
Preferably, as shown in FIG. 2, a narrow grid-like reinforcing band 6 is formed by the corrosion-resistant thread 5, and a vegetation region A is formed between the reinforcing bands 6 by the highly corrosive thread 7. As described above, the corrugated sheet 5 having a lateral width of 100 to 200 cm, for example, is continuously knitted by the corrosion-resistant yarn 5 and the highly corrosive yarn 7, and the weave of the mesh sheet 8 is performed. The reinforcing bands 6 of the two net-like sheets 8 are knitted so as to form the bag part 2 continuously in the sheet length direction and to form the inlet 9 for the customer soil 4 at the sheet end part. In addition, the reinforcing bands 6 of the two mesh sheets 8 are knitted so as to be connected at a predetermined interval in the surface direction of the sheet 8 so as to form the narrowed portion 10 in the bag portion 2, Since the mat base material 3 continuously provided with the portion 2 is constituted continuously That.
[0014]
In this embodiment, the width is 1 using a 500 to 1000 denier corrosion resistant yarn 5 made of artificial fibers such as polyester, polyamide, polyethylene, nylon, vinylon, etc., which has excellent environmental resistance and durability for a long period of time. A grid-like reinforcing band 6 of ˜3 cm is formed, and the size of the vegetation region A by the reinforcing band 6 is 7 to 10 cm square.
[0015]
On the other hand, as the highly corrosive yarn 7, natural fibers such as cotton and hemp, which are inferior in environmental resistance and easily corroded at an early stage, and 500 to 1000 deniers of cellulose yarn regenerated fibers such as rayon, acetate and cupra 50 to 80 are arranged at intervals of 7 to 10 cm in the vegetation area A.
[0016]
Next, the greening protection of the slope N by the soil injection mat 1 will be described. First, the mat base material 3 continuously provided with the bag portion 2 is set on the slope N with the continuous direction of the bag portion 2 (the length direction of the sheet) directed to the slope direction of the slope N, In addition, the topsoil S is appropriately mixed with fertilizers, chips of felled trees, and the like into the bag portions 2 (two in this embodiment). Next, vegetation base material H such as peat moss and felled wood chips is injected into the remaining bag portion 2, but at that time, seeds are not mixed, or annual grass such as Italian ryegrass, or decline with time A small amount of perennial grass or wild grass may be mixed as much as possible.
This operation is repeated to cover the slope N to be protected by greening with the soil injection mat 1, and the soil injection mat 1 is fixed with the anchor 11 as necessary.
[0017]
The above-mentioned topsoil S is a surface soil containing buried seeds in the area around the greening of slope N. For example, in addition to fertilizers and soil conditioners, thinned wood, rooted chips, bark, peat moss, perlite, vermiculite, etc. A mixture of vegetation bases having an apparent specific gravity of about 0.1 to 0.5 is also suitably used, and herbaceous seeds blended therein are herbaceous seeds and shrubs of local vegetation collected in the surrounding area. Tree seeds, other herbaceous seeds of foreign species (for example, annual grass seeds with fast germination and growth), etc. are selected and mixed as appropriate.
[0018]
When the topsoil S or the vegetation base material H is injected into the soil, it may take the form of wet injection in which it is kneaded with water and injected with a pump. The mixture is supplied to the stirring tank 13 of the dry spraying machine 12 to sufficiently stir the base material and the herbaceous seed, and the soil 4 obtained by this stirring is pumped to the spraying nozzle 15 through the hose 14, and the inlet 9 The injection port 9 is appropriately closed with a fastener or the like.
[0019]
According to the planting protection method for slope N, the surface soil erosion / collapse of slope N can be prevented immediately after the construction by applying the soil-injected mat 1 on the slope N greening protection surface. In the long run, the embedded seeds contained in the topsoil S germinate and grow, so that a high vegetation coverage after several months of construction is ensured. If annual herbage seeds are selected, early greening will be achieved.
[0020]
Here, as the reticulated sheet 8 constituting the mat base material 3, this is a woven sheet made of the corrosion-resistant yarn 5 and the highly corrosive yarn 7, so that a vegetation region A is formed after several months of construction. Although the highly corrosive yarn 7 is corroded and disappears, the reinforcement strips 6 made of the corrosion-resistant yarn 5 remain in a lattice shape, so that the surface erosion / collapse of the slope N can be effectively prevented continuously. It is done.
[0021]
On the other hand, the bag portion 2 into which only the vegetation base material H is injected becomes a waiting area for landing of the flying seeds. The flying seeds settle here and germinate and grow. Greening protection will be provided by introduction.
[0022]
In addition, when seeds that decay with time are introduced into the vegetation base H, the initial stage of construction is protected by greening by the introduced plant, and when the introduced plant declines, it becomes a waiting area for landing seeds. As the flying seed settles and germinates and grows, the slope N is eventually protected by the introduction of local vegetation.
[0023]
In addition, as for the dimension of the bag part 2 in a sheet | seat length direction, it is desirable that it is at least about 30-50 cm in the state which injected the customer's land 4. That is, if the amount of the soil 4 is small, the amount of water retained is also small, which may cause drying of the soil 4, and thus germination and growth of the introduced seeds are inhibited.
[0024]
For this reason, it is desirable that the size of the bag portion 2 in the soil injection state is 30 to 50 cm or more, but the size of the bag portion 2 in the soil injection state is, for example, 15 cm or 20 cm. Even if it is short, the same customer land 4 may be poured into the adjacent continuous bag portions 2 so that the total amount becomes 30 cm or more.
[0025]
In the above embodiment, the topsoil S is injected into the two bag portions 2 of every two bags, but as shown schematically in FIG. 3, the topsoil S is injected into the two bag portions 2 of every four bags ( 4), or, as schematically shown in FIG. 4, for example, topsoil S is injected so as to exhibit a checkered pattern (also shown with diagonal lines). It is possible to take
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the surface erosion / collapse of the slope is prevented immediately after the construction, and the vegetation coverage rate after several months of construction can be secured high, and the surrounding vegetation seeds are received. In addition, it is possible to provide a method for protecting the greening of the slope by introducing preferable local vegetation, in which prevention of surface erosion / collapse of the slope is continuously performed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a state of greening protection of a slope with a soil-filling mat.
FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of a guest soil injection mat in which a main part is taken out and enlarged.
FIG. 3 is a schematic layout diagram showing different forms of soil injection.
FIG. 4 is a schematic layout diagram showing different forms of soil injection.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 2 ... Bag part, 3 ... Mat base material, 4 ... Soil, 5 ... Corrosion-resistant thread | yarn, 6 ... Reinforcement belt, 7 ... Highly corrosive thread | yarn, 8 ... Reticulated sheet, 9 ... Soil inlet, 10 A narrowing part, A ... Vegetation region, N ... Slope, S ... Topsoil, H ... Vegetation base material.

Claims (1)

客土を注入可能な袋マット基材を法面に設置すると共に、適宜間隔に少なくとも採取した埋土種子を含む表土を注入した領域と、その領域間には種子を含まない植生基材、又は経時的に衰退する植物の種子を混入した植生基材を注入した飛来種子の着床待機領域を構成することで、マット基材によって法面の表層侵食・崩壊を防止しながら埋土種子による現地植生と飛来種子による現地植生をバランスよく生育させることを特徴とする、客土注入マットによる法面の緑化保護工法。A bag mat base material capable of injecting guest soil is installed on the slope, and a region into which topsoil containing buried seeds collected at least at an appropriate interval is injected, and a vegetation base material not including seeds between the regions, or By constructing a landing waiting area for flying seeds infused with vegetation base material mixed with plant seeds that decline over time , the mat base material prevents the surface erosion / disintegration of the slope and prevents the seeds from being buried. A method for protecting the greening of slopes by using a soil-injected mat, characterized by allowing local vegetation to grow in a balanced manner with vegetation and flying seeds .
JP2001089006A 2001-03-27 2001-03-27 Slope greening protection method using a soil injection mat Expired - Lifetime JP4521709B2 (en)

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CN102995645A (en) * 2012-12-12 2013-03-27 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 Quick ecological regreening method for steep soil slope

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JP4548696B2 (en) * 2001-07-30 2010-09-22 ケミカルグラウト株式会社 Slope greening method
JP5981062B1 (en) * 2016-03-30 2016-08-31 日新産業株式会社 Vegetation mat and slope greening method

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JPH11117309A (en) * 1997-10-08 1999-04-27 Shimizu Corp Method of greening construction
JPH11200340A (en) * 1998-01-14 1999-07-27 Nouson Kiban Kensetsu Kyogyo Kumiai Greening method for slope face in water reservoir area
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