JP4499801B2 - ポリアミドブレンドをベースとするフィルム - Google Patents
ポリアミドブレンドをベースとするフィルム Download PDFInfo
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- JP4499801B2 JP4499801B2 JP2007555564A JP2007555564A JP4499801B2 JP 4499801 B2 JP4499801 B2 JP 4499801B2 JP 2007555564 A JP2007555564 A JP 2007555564A JP 2007555564 A JP2007555564 A JP 2007555564A JP 4499801 B2 JP4499801 B2 JP 4499801B2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/12—Bonding of a preformed macromolecular material to the same or other solid material such as metal, glass, leather, e.g. using adhesives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/02—Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D177/00—Coating compositions based on polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D177/00—Coating compositions based on polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D177/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
- Y10T428/249991—Synthetic resin or natural rubbers
- Y10T428/249992—Linear or thermoplastic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/269—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension including synthetic resin or polymer layer or component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31725—Of polyamide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31725—Of polyamide
- Y10T428/31728—Next to second layer of polyamide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31725—Of polyamide
- Y10T428/31728—Next to second layer of polyamide
- Y10T428/31732—At least one layer is nylon type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31725—Of polyamide
- Y10T428/31739—Nylon type
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
a)PA11およびPA12の群から選択されたポリアミド3〜50質量%、有利には4〜49質量%、とりわけ有利には5〜47質量%および殊に有利には10〜45質量%、ならびに
b)PA1012およびPA1212の群から選択されたポリアミド50〜97質量%、51〜96質量%、とりわけ有利には53〜95質量%および殊に有利には55〜90質量%
(その際、百分率表示は成分a)およびb)の合計に対するものである)からなる成形材料からなるフィルムにより解決される。
a)ナノスケールの充填剤および塩基性金属塩、金属酸化物または金属水酸化物から選択された成核剤;後者のものは、所望された透明度を保証するために、最大でも溶融物中でポリアミドのカルボキシレン基と反応下で溶解しうる量で添加される;
b)ポリアミド成形材料のための通常の量における通常の助剤もしくは添加剤、例えば安定剤または潤滑剤、
b)透明度に著しい影響を与えない着色剤、
d)その屈折率がマトリックスのそれとわずかな程度しか異ならないかまたは正確に一致する充填剤(等屈折充填剤)(isorefraktive Fuellstoffe)ならびに
e)その屈折率がマトリックスのそれとわずかな程度しか異ならないかまたは正確に一致するさらに他のポリマー成分。
1.フィルムは単層である。この場合、それは定義に従って被覆層からのみなる;例えば熱昇華印刷を用いた印刷により、表面上または裏面上に装飾が取り付けられうる。
2.フィルムは被覆層以外に下に存在する着色層を含有する。着色層は塗料層であってよい;それはしかし、従来技術に相応して、有利には着色された熱可塑性物質層からなる。例えば熱可塑性物質は、被覆層の混合物と同じ混合物かまたは類似の混合物であってよく、それの成分または他のポリアミドもしくは、被覆層に直接接着しているかまたは十分に透明な接着促進剤(例えば、カルボキシル基もしくは酸無水物基によるかまたはエポキシド基により官能化されたポリオレフィン、熱可塑性ポリウレタンまたは結合されるべき層の成分からなるブレンド)により接着結合している他のポリマーであってよい。着色剤として、例えば有機染料、無機もしくは有機顔料または金属光輝顔料が使用されうる。
3.フィルムは被覆層および場合により着色層以外に、担体層として十分な機械強度および場合により付加的に支持体への結合を生じさせるさらに他の層を含有する。
4.フィルムは被覆層および場合により着色層以外にさらに、支持体への結合のために下に存在する接着促進剤層を含有する。適切な接着促進剤は、例えば、カルボキシル基もしくは酸無水物基によるかまたはエポキシド基により官能化されたポリオレフィン、熱可塑性ポリウレタン、結合されるべき層および支持体または2004年6月16日付ドイツ国特許出願番号102004029217.5の中で開示された接着促進剤の一つの材料からなるブレンドである。
5.フィルムは被覆層、場合により着色層および担体層以外にさらに、支持体への結合のために下に存在する接着促進剤層を含有する。接着促進剤は点4と同じものが適用される。
6.フィルム、例えば点1〜5におけるフィルムは、必要に応じて、例えば耐引掻性における要求が高められる場合、被覆層上にさらに保護層を、例えばポリウレタンベース上にクリアラックを含有する。塗料の形における保護層は、耐引掻性を高めるために従来技術に従って変性されていてもよい。それ以外に、構造部材上に保護層を真空分離法により発生させることもまた可能である。フィルムは場合により、輸送保護または取付保護(Montageschutz)として作用しかつ複合部材の製造後に取り出される可剥性保護フィルムも積層して含有してよい。
組成および結果は表1〜5から読みとれる。
Claims (12)
- その被覆層が、本質的に以下の成分
a)PA11およびPA12の群から選択されたポリアミド3〜50質量%、ならびに
b)PA1012およびPA1212の群から選択されたポリアミド50〜97質量%、
(その際、百分率表示は成分a)およびb)の合計に対するものである)からなる成形材料からなるフィルム。 - 前記フィルムがこの層からのみなる、請求項1記載のフィルム。
- 前記フィルムが複数の層からなる、請求項1記載のフィルム。
- 着色層、担体層および/または接着促進剤層を含有することを特徴とする、請求項3記載のフィルム。
- 着色層および/または担体層が、ポリアミドエラストマーまたは耐衝撃性を生み出すゴムを含有することを特徴とする、請求項4記載のフィルム。
- 0.02〜1.2mmの厚みを有することを特徴とする、請求項1から5までのいずれか1項記載のフィルム。
- 被覆層が0.01〜0.5mmの厚みを有することを特徴とする、請求項1ならびに3から6までのいずれか1項記載のフィルム。
- 押出成形、共押出成形または積層成形により製造され、引き続き場合により変形させられることを特徴とする、請求項1から7までのいずれか1項記載のフィルム。
- 請求項1から8までのいずれか1項記載のフィルムの製造のための、本質的に以下の成分
a)PA11およびPA12の群から選択されたポリアミド3〜50質量%、ならびに
b)PA1012およびPA1212の群から選択されたポリアミド50〜97質量%、
(その際、百分率表示は成分a)およびb)の合計に対するものである)からなる成形材料の使用。 - 請求項1から8までのいずれか1項記載のフィルムおよび支持体から構成された複合部材。
- 自動車のボデー部材、自動車内部の構造部材、内張り、装飾ストリップ、カバーストリップ、カバーまたは装飾部材であることを特徴とする、請求項10記載の複合部材。
- 接着、加圧成形、積層成形、共押出成形、背面射出成形、背面発泡成形または背面圧縮成形により製造されることを特徴とする、請求項10および11記載の複合部材。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200510007665 DE102005007665A1 (de) | 2005-02-19 | 2005-02-19 | Folie auf Basis eines Polyamidblends |
PCT/EP2006/050038 WO2006087250A1 (de) | 2005-02-19 | 2006-01-04 | Folie auf basis eines polyamidblends |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2008534698A JP2008534698A (ja) | 2008-08-28 |
JP4499801B2 true JP4499801B2 (ja) | 2010-07-07 |
Family
ID=36201384
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007555564A Active JP4499801B2 (ja) | 2005-02-19 | 2006-01-04 | ポリアミドブレンドをベースとするフィルム |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US20080261010A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1848773B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4499801B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100869430B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1821306B (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE410480T1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0607867B1 (ja) |
DE (2) | DE102005007665A1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2316041T3 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2382796C2 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI331615B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006087250A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004029217A1 (de) * | 2004-06-16 | 2006-01-05 | Degussa Ag | Mehrschichtfolie |
DE102005007665A1 (de) | 2005-02-19 | 2006-08-31 | Degussa Ag | Folie auf Basis eines Polyamidblends |
DE102005007663A1 (de) | 2005-02-19 | 2006-08-24 | Degussa Ag | Transparente, dekorierbare mehrschichtige Folie |
DE102005026264A1 (de) | 2005-06-08 | 2006-12-14 | Degussa Ag | Transparente Formmasse |
DE102006040112A1 (de) * | 2006-08-26 | 2008-03-06 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verbundteil aus einer Mehrschichtfolie und einem Substrat auf Basis eines Polycarbonats |
DE102006041138A1 (de) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-03-06 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verbund aus einer Folie und einem Substrat auf Basis eines amorphen Polyamids |
DE102006058681A1 (de) * | 2006-12-13 | 2008-06-19 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Transparentes Bauteil |
DE102007003327A1 (de) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-07-24 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Mehrschichtfolie und daraus hergestelltes Verbundteil |
DE102008002599A1 (de) * | 2008-06-24 | 2009-12-31 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Bauteil mit Deckschicht aus einer PA613-Formmasse |
JP5371929B2 (ja) * | 2010-11-05 | 2013-12-18 | フジゲン株式会社 | 装飾品の製造方法 |
KR20120105720A (ko) | 2011-03-16 | 2012-09-26 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 폴리아미드 혼합물, 이를 사용하여 제조한 필름 및 상기 필름을 포함하는 디스플레이 장치 |
KR101796174B1 (ko) | 2011-05-19 | 2017-11-10 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 폴리아미드 블록 코폴리머, 이의 제조 방법, 이를 포함하는 성형품 및 상기 성형품을 포함하는 디스플레이 장치 |
CN102219860B (zh) * | 2011-05-20 | 2012-09-12 | 烟台荣昌生物工程有限公司 | FGFR-Fc融合蛋白及其用途 |
DE102011084520A1 (de) | 2011-10-14 | 2013-04-18 | Evonik Industries Ag | Rückfolie für Photovoltaikmodule mit verbesserter Pigmentdispergierung |
BR112016023865A2 (pt) * | 2014-04-14 | 2017-10-10 | Prec Planting Llc | sistemas, métodos e aparelho para otimização de estande de cultura |
CN107163572B (zh) * | 2017-05-22 | 2019-05-28 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | 一种高表面能长碳链聚酰胺透明薄膜及制备方法与用途 |
JPWO2020036116A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-16 | 2021-04-30 | 宇部興産株式会社 | 車両天井材用ポリアミド樹脂組成物、車両天井材用フィルム及び車両天井材用多層フィルム |
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US391982A (en) * | 1888-10-30 | Cotton-harvester | ||
JPS60155239A (ja) * | 1984-01-24 | 1985-08-15 | Toray Ind Inc | ポリアミド樹脂成形物 |
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- 2006-01-04 KR KR1020077018827A patent/KR100869430B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2006-01-04 EP EP06700042A patent/EP1848773B1/de active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2006087250A1 (de) | 2006-08-24 |
CN1821306A (zh) | 2006-08-23 |
TW200700468A (en) | 2007-01-01 |
CN1821306B (zh) | 2010-05-26 |
RU2007134536A (ru) | 2009-03-27 |
JP2008534698A (ja) | 2008-08-28 |
US8614005B2 (en) | 2013-12-24 |
US20140037937A1 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
EP1848773B1 (de) | 2008-10-08 |
DE502006001747D1 (de) | 2008-11-20 |
BRPI0607867B1 (pt) | 2016-12-13 |
ES2316041T3 (es) | 2009-04-01 |
US20120094116A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
US20080261010A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
KR20070104606A (ko) | 2007-10-26 |
ATE410480T1 (de) | 2008-10-15 |
KR100869430B1 (ko) | 2008-11-21 |
BRPI0607867A2 (pt) | 2009-10-20 |
DE102005007665A1 (de) | 2006-08-31 |
EP1848773A1 (de) | 2007-10-31 |
TWI331615B (en) | 2010-10-11 |
RU2382796C2 (ru) | 2010-02-27 |
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