JP4482344B2 - Foliar spray - Google Patents
Foliar spray Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4482344B2 JP4482344B2 JP2004031887A JP2004031887A JP4482344B2 JP 4482344 B2 JP4482344 B2 JP 4482344B2 JP 2004031887 A JP2004031887 A JP 2004031887A JP 2004031887 A JP2004031887 A JP 2004031887A JP 4482344 B2 JP4482344 B2 JP 4482344B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- potassium
- acid
- hardness
- component
- fruit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims description 49
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- -1 sucrose fatty acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
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- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 240000009088 Fragaria x ananassa Species 0.000 description 4
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUZJDLRVEPUNJG-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium 2,4,6-trioxido-1,3,5,2lambda5,4lambda5,6lambda5-trioxatriphosphinane 2,4,6-trioxide Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P1(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)O1 SUZJDLRVEPUNJG-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Description
本発明は、葉面散布剤に関し、より詳しくは果樹や果菜（以下「果樹等」ということがある。）の品質、特にその果実の着色等を向上させるとともに、その硬度の低下を伴わない葉面散布剤に関する。 The present invention relates to a foliar spraying agent, and more specifically, leaves that improve the quality of fruit trees and fruit vegetables (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "fruit trees"), in particular, the coloration of the fruits, and do not cause a decrease in the hardness thereof. It relates to surface spraying agents.
葉面散布剤は、種々の植物に対する栄養成分を含有する薬液であって、基本的にこれをその葉面に散布・浸透させることにより、葉面から当該栄養成分を吸収させる速効性を有する薬剤である。当該薬剤は、主たる施肥方法たる土壌施肥を補完し、例えば農作物の品質向上や生理障害に対する応急対策として以前から好適に使用されている。 A foliar spray is a chemical that contains nutrients for various plants, and basically has a fast-acting ability to absorb the nutrients from the foliage by spraying and infiltrating them onto the foliage. It is. The medicine supplements soil fertilization, which is the main fertilization method, and has been suitably used for a long time, for example, as an emergency measure against quality improvement of crops and physiological disorders.
従来、リンゴ、ナシ、ミカン等の果実やトマト、ピーマン等の果菜の糖度向上、耐病性改善等の品質向上を目的とする葉面散布剤の有効成分としては、種々のものが知られている。例えば、塩化カルシウム、硝酸カルシウム、ギ酸カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム、酢酸カルシウム、プロピオン酸カルシウム、エチレンジアミン四酢酸カルシウム、コハク酸カルシウム、乳酸カルシウム、ケイ酸マグネシウム、ケイ酸カルシウム、アスコルビン酸、メチオニン、グリシン、アラニン、バリン、セリン、ロイシン、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸、第一リン酸カルシウム、第一リン酸カリ及びリン酸マグネシウム等が公知である。 Conventionally, as an active ingredient of a foliar spray for the purpose of improving the sugar content of fruits such as apples, pears and mandarin oranges and fruit vegetables such as tomatoes and peppers, and improving disease resistance, various ingredients are known. . For example, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, calcium formate, calcium carbonate, calcium acetate, calcium propionate, calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, calcium succinate, calcium lactate, magnesium silicate, calcium silicate, ascorbic acid, methionine, glycine, alanine, Valine, serine, leucine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, primary calcium phosphate, primary potassium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, and the like are known.
しかしながら、これらの成分のほとんどは、主として、果実や果菜（以下「果実等」ということがある。）の糖度向上、生理障害の予防や処置、肥大促進等の肥効を有するものであり、果実等の着色を顕著に向上させるものはほとんど見あたらない。 However, most of these components mainly have the effect of improving the sugar content of fruits and fruit vegetables (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “fruits”), the prevention and treatment of physiological disorders, and the promotion of hypertrophy. There is almost no thing which remarkably improves coloring.
一般的に、リンゴ、ミカン、カキ等の果実、トマト、イチゴ、メロン等の果菜は、その商品価値を判断する基準として、まずその糖度等の甘み成分が高いことはもちろん第一であるが、表面の色彩（着色）は、消費者の購買意欲を刺激する上で、考慮すべき最大のファクターの一つである。 In general, fruits such as apples, mandarin oranges and oysters, and fruit vegetables such as tomatoes, strawberries, and melons are of course the first to have a high sweetness component such as sugar content as a criterion for judging their commercial value. Surface color (coloring) is one of the biggest factors to consider in stimulating consumers' willingness to purchase.
実際にリンゴ、サクランボ、イチゴ、トマト等の果実が、商品として陳列される際には、その表面が鮮やかでみずみずしい赤色を帯びていることが、消費者の目を引きつけ、注意を喚起する第一歩となる。スーパーマーケット等の生鮮食料品売り場に並べられた商品である真っ赤なリンゴ、サクランボ、イチゴ等は、いわばこの鮮やかな赤色により、その売り場における自らの存在を懸命にアピールしようとしているということができ、また、買い物かご片手に、新鮮で美味な果実等を物色しつつ売り場内を移動する買い物客は、この鮮やかな赤い色彩に魅惑され、経験的にそのリンゴ等が極めて甘く美味であることを認識し、この好印象をもとに当該リンゴ等の購入を決意するに至る。この際、表面の青いリンゴなどは、通常は、まず見向きもされないといってよい。 When fruits, such as apples, cherries, strawberries, and tomatoes, are actually displayed as products, the surface is brilliant and fresh and red. It will be a walk. The bright red apples, cherries, strawberries, etc. that are displayed in the perishables department such as supermarkets can be said to be trying to appeal their presence in the department by vividly red. A shopper who moves around the sales floor with fresh and delicious fruits in one hand in the shopping basket is fascinated by this vivid red color and empirically recognizes that the apples are extremely sweet and delicious. Based on this good impression, he decided to purchase the apples. At this time, it can be said that the blue apple or the like on the surface is usually not looked at first.
すなわち、リンゴ、ミカン等は、鮮やかな色彩のものから売れて行き、一方、しからざるものは、結局、空しく売れ残り、廃棄処分の対象ともなる。それ故、栽培業者、販売業者にとって、その果実等の外見の色彩は、商品の売れ行きを左右する極めて重要な意義を有するものであり、決してゆるがせにはできないのである。 In other words, apples, mandarin oranges, and the like are sold from brightly colored ones, while those that are unsatisfactory are sold unsold and eventually become a target for disposal. Therefore, the color of the appearance of the fruit and the like has a very important meaning that affects the sales of the product for growers and distributors, and it cannot be relaxed.
このように、リンゴ等果実にとってその色彩はきわめて重要であるが、近年、色づきのよいリンゴ等を得ることが困難になりつつあるという深刻な問題が生じている。 As described above, the color is very important for fruits such as apples, but in recent years, there has been a serious problem that it is becoming difficult to obtain apples with good color.
もともと、果実の色づきは、果樹園の所在する地域の昼と夜の温度差が大きいために（例えば標高の高い高原地帯のような、昼間の日照時には比較的暖かく、夜間は満天の星空の下、体の芯までぐっと冷え込むような地域において）、生ずるものであるが、近年における地球温暖化の影響からか、このような高標高地である高原地帯においてさえも、夜間の気温があまり低下しないため、色づきに必須の条件である昼夜の温度差が少なくなっているためとされる。 Originally, the coloration of the fruits is due to the large temperature difference between the day and night in the orchard area (for example, in the high altitude plateau, it is relatively warm during daytime sunshine, and under the full starry sky at night) (In areas that cool down to the core of the body), but due to the effects of global warming in recent years, even in such high altitude plateaus, the nighttime temperature does not decrease much For this reason, the temperature difference between day and night, which is an essential condition for coloring, is reduced.
このような、一般にはまだあまり知られてはいないが、果樹等の栽培業者にとってきわめて重大な環境の変化が着実に進行しつつあるため、これを補い、人為的に果実等の色づきを促進することのできる葉面散布剤の重要性は、ますます大きくなっている。また、栽培業者にとっても、このような葉面散布剤は、のどから手が出るほど渇望されているものである。 Although it is not well known to the public in general, changes in the environment that are extremely important for growers such as fruit trees are steadily progressing, so this is compensated for and artificially promotes the coloring of fruits, etc. The importance of foliar sprays that can be used is increasing. In addition, for the grower, such a foliar spray is craved so that a hand comes out from the throat.
本出願人は、かかる観点から、先に、縮合リン酸塩のカリウム塩を有効成分とする果樹等の葉面散布剤が果実等の着色を向上させうることを提案した（特許文献１を参照。）。 From this point of view, the present applicant has previously proposed that foliar sprays such as fruit trees containing a potassium salt of condensed phosphate as an active ingredient can improve the coloration of fruits and the like (see Patent Document 1). .)
当該葉面散布剤によれば、きわめて果実の色づきを向上させることができる。（さらに、果実の表側（つるもと）だけでなく、あまり日光の照射されない裏側（尻の部分）の着色をも、顕著に向上させることができるものであることも確認されている。） According to the foliar spray, the coloring of the fruit can be greatly improved. (Furthermore, it has been confirmed that not only the front side of the fruit (the vine) but also the coloring of the back side (the part of the buttocks) that is not irradiated with much sunlight can be remarkably improved.)
しかしながら、このように着色性を促進させた場合、当該果実は、放置後その硬さが早急に低下し、柔らかさが増加する場合があった。これは果実の「日持ち」として、評価されるものであって、あまり柔らかくなったリンゴ等の果実（例えば、指で押した場合、容易に陥没する状態となったもの）では、新鮮な果実特有のシャキッとした歯ごたえがなくなり、その商品価値は、大きく低下することになる。なお、このように指が容易に貫入する状態となったものは、もはや、ジュース等の加工原料用にも適さず、廃棄せざるを得ないことになるのであるから、日持ち（「棚持ち」ともいう。）が悪化することもまた、きわめて深刻な問題なのである。 However, when the colorability is promoted in this way, the fruit has a rapid decrease in hardness after standing and an increase in softness. This is evaluated as the “lifetime” of the fruit, and the fruit such as apples that have become too soft (for example, those that are easily depressed when pressed with a finger) are characteristic of fresh fruit. As a result, the product value is greatly reduced. In addition, since the finger can easily penetrate like this, it is no longer suitable for processing raw materials such as juice and must be discarded. It is also a very serious problem.
本発明の目的は、果実等の色づきを促進させるとともに、日持ちのする（硬度低下の少ない）葉面散布剤を提供することである。 An object of the present invention is to provide a foliar spray agent that promotes coloring of fruits and the like and also lasts long (low hardness loss).
本発明に従えば、以下の葉面散布剤が提供される。
〔１〕
少なくともカリウム成分とリン酸成分を有効成分として含有し、その質量比φ（Ｋ2Ｏ／Ｐ2Ｏ5）が式（１）の範囲にあり、
１．０≦φ≦２．５ （１）
According to the present invention, the following foliar spray is provided.
[1]
Containing at least a potassium component and a phosphoric acid component as active ingredients, and having a mass ratio φ (K 2 O / P 2 O 5 ) in the range of the formula (1),
1.0 ≦ φ ≦ 2.5 (1)
散布時の濃度が式（２）及び（３）の範囲にあり、さらに当該カリウム成分は、少なくともその一部が水溶性カリウム塩由来のものであることを特徴とする果樹及び／又は果菜用葉面散布剤。
１０≦Ｋ2Ｏ≦５０００ｐｐｍ （２）
１０≦Ｐ2Ｏ5≦５０００ｐｐｍ （３）
Fruit tree and / or fruit vegetable leaf characterized in that the concentration at the time of spraying is in the range of formulas (2) and (3), and the potassium component is at least partly derived from a water-soluble potassium salt. Face spray.
10 ≦ K 2 O ≦ 5000 ppm (2)
10 ≦ P 2 O 5 ≦ 5000 ppm (3)
〔２〕
さらに蔗糖脂肪酸エステルを配合してなる〔１〕項に記載の果樹及び／又は果菜用葉面散布剤。
[2]
The foliar spray for fruit trees and / or fruit vegetables according to item [1], further comprising a sucrose fatty acid ester.
本発明に従えば、果実等の色づきを促進させるとともに、日持ちのする（硬度低下の少ない）葉面散布剤が提供される。 According to the present invention, there is provided a foliar spray agent that promotes coloring of fruits and the like and that lasts long (with little decrease in hardness).
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
本発明の葉面散布剤は、有効成分として、基本的に、カリウム成分とリン酸成分を含有し、その質量比φ（Ｋ2Ｏ／Ｐ2Ｏ5）が式（１）の範囲にあるものである。
１．０≦φ≦２．５ （１）
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The foliar spray of the present invention basically contains a potassium component and a phosphoric acid component as active ingredients, and the mass ratio φ (K 2 O / P 2 O 5 ) is in the range of the formula (1). Is.
1.0 ≦ φ ≦ 2.5 (1)
（リン酸成分）
リン酸成分のリン酸源としては、例えば、正リン酸（オルソリン酸）及び／又は縮合リン酸から選択される。
(Phosphoric acid component)
The phosphoric acid source of the phosphoric acid component is selected from, for example, orthophosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid) and / or condensed phosphoric acid.
ここで縮合リン酸とは、オルソリン酸（Ｈ3ＰＯ4）（正リン酸）が２モル以上縮合した縮合リン酸（ポリリン酸ともいう。）である。かかる縮合リン酸としては、特に限定するものではないが、ピロリン酸（Ｈ4Ｐ2Ｏ7）、トリポリリン酸（Ｈ5Ｐ3Ｏ10）、トリメタリン酸（Ｈ3Ｐ3Ｏ9）、ウルトラリン酸（Ｈ2Ｐ4Ｏ11）、テトラメタリン酸（Ｈ4Ｐ4Ｏ12）、イソテトラポリリン酸（Ｈ6Ｐ4Ｏ13）、テトラポリリン酸（Ｈ6Ｐ4Ｏ13）、ヘキサメタリン酸（Ｈ6Ｐ6Ｏ18）、及びさらなる高縮合リン酸（Ｈn+2ＰnＯ3n+1）（ｎ＞４）等が挙げられる。 Here, the condensed phosphoric acid is condensed phosphoric acid (also referred to as polyphosphoric acid) obtained by condensing orthophosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) (normal phosphoric acid) by 2 mol or more. Such condensed phosphoric acid is not particularly limited, but pyrophosphoric acid (H 4 P 2 O 7 ), tripolyphosphoric acid (H 5 P 3 O 10 ), trimetaphosphoric acid (H 3 P 3 O 9 ), ultralin Acid (H 2 P 4 O 11 ), tetrametaphosphoric acid (H 4 P 4 O 12 ), isotetrapolyphosphoric acid (H 6 P 4 O 13 ), tetrapolyphosphoric acid (H 6 P 4 O 13 ), hexametaphosphoric acid ( H 6 P 6 O 18 ), and further highly condensed phosphoric acid (H n + 2 P n O 3n + 1 ) (n> 4).
これらの縮合リン酸等は、その一種を単独で使用しても良いし、二種以上を混合して使用してもよい。また、少なくともその一部がリチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、アンモニウム等の塩になっていてもよい。 One of these condensed phosphoric acids may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be mixed and used. Further, at least a part thereof may be a salt of lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, ammonium or the like.
（カリウム成分）
カリウム成分（以下単に「カリ」ということがある。）のカリ源としては、水溶性のカリウム塩から選択されることが好ましく、例えば以下のものがあげられる。
すなわち、塩化カリ（Ｋｌ）、フッ化カリ（ＫＦ）、ヨウ化カリ（ＫＩ）、臭化カリ（ＫＢｒ）、硫酸カリ（Ｋ2ＳＯ4）、硫酸水素カリ（ＫＨＳＯ4）、亜硫酸カリ（Ｋ2ＳＯ3）、亜硫酸水素カリ（ＫＨＳＯ3）、チオ硫酸カリ（Ｋ2Ｓ2Ｏ3）炭酸カリ（Ｋ2ＣＯ3）、炭酸水素カリ（ＫＨＣＯ3）、硝酸カリ（ＫＮＯ3）、亜硝酸カリ（ＫＮＯ2）、ホスフィン酸カリ（ＫＰＨ2Ｏ2）、ホスホン酸カリ（Ｋ2ＰＨＯ3）、塩素酸カリ（ＫＣｌＯ3）、三リン酸カリ（Ｋ3ＰＯ4）、リン酸水素二カリ（Ｋ2ＨＰＯ4）、リン酸二水素カリ（ＫＨ2ＰＯ4）、臭素酸カリ（ＫＢｒＯ3）、ヨウ素酸カリ（ＫＩＯ3）、水酸化カリ（ＫＯＨ）、硫化カリ（Ｋ2Ｓ）、Ｋ2Ｓ2（二硫化二カリ）、メタホウ酸カリ（ＫＢＯ2）、硫化水素カリ（ＫＨＳ）、二亜硫酸カリ（Ｋ2Ｓ2Ｏ5）、酢酸カリ（ＫＣＨ3ＣＯＯ）、シュウ酸カリ（Ｋ2Ｃ2Ｏ4）等が好ましい。
これらのカリ塩は、リン酸成分と同様に、その一種または二種以上を混合して使用してよい。
(Potassium component)
The potash source of the potassium component (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “potash”) is preferably selected from water-soluble potassium salts, and examples thereof include the following.
That is, potassium chloride (Kl), potassium fluoride (KF), potassium iodide (KI), potassium bromide (KBr), potassium sulfate (K 2 SO 4 ), potassium hydrogen sulfate (KHSO 4 ), potassium sulfite (K 2 SO 3 ), potassium hydrogen sulfite (KHSO 3 ), potassium thiosulfate (K 2 S 2 O 3 ) potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ), potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO 3 ), potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ), nitrous acid Potassium (KNO 2 ), Potassium phosphinate (KPH 2 O 2 ), Potassium phosphonate (K 2 PHO 3 ), Potassium chlorate (KClO 3 ), Potassium triphosphate (K 3 PO 4 ), Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K 2 HPO 4 ), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 2 PO 4 ), potassium bromate (KBrO 3 ), potassium iodate (KIO 3 ), potassium hydroxide (KOH), potassium sulfide (K 2 S), K 2 S 2 (disulfide two potash), metaboric acid potassium (KBO 2), hydrogen sulfide Li (KHS), disulfite potassium (K 2 S 2 O 5) , potassium acetate (KCH 3 COO), oxalic acid potassium (K 2 C 2 O 4), etc. are preferable.
These potassium salts may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more thereof, similarly to the phosphoric acid component.
（縮合リン酸カリ塩）
また、リン酸成分とカリ成分の両者を含有する以下のような縮合リン酸カリ塩を使用することもできる。
(Condensed potassium phosphate)
Moreover, the following condensed potassium phosphate salts containing both a phosphoric acid component and a potassium component can also be used.
例えば、ピロリン酸カリ（Ｋ4Ｐ2Ｏ7）、トリポリリン酸カリ（Ｋ5Ｐ3Ｏ10）、トリメタリン酸カリ（Ｋ3Ｐ3Ｏ9）、ウルトラリン酸カリ（Ｋ2Ｐ4Ｏ11）、テトラメタリン酸カリ（Ｋ4Ｐ4Ｏ12）、イソテトラポリリン酸カリ（Ｋ6Ｐ4Ｏ13）、テトラポリリン酸カリ（Ｋ6Ｐ4Ｏ13）、ヘキサメタリン酸カリ（Ｋ6Ｐ6Ｏ18）、及びさらなる高縮合リン酸カリ（Ｋn+2ＰnＯ3n+1）（ｎ＞４）等が好ましいものとして挙げられる。 For example, potassium pyrophosphate (K 4 P 2 O 7 ), potassium tripolyphosphate (K 5 P 3 O 10 ), potassium trimetaphosphate (K 3 P 3 O 9 ), potassium ultraphosphate (K 2 P 4 O 11 ) , Potassium tetrametaphosphate (K 4 P 4 O 12 ), potassium isotetrapolyphosphate (K 6 P 4 O 13 ), potassium tetrapolyphosphate (K 6 P 4 O 13 ), potassium hexametaphosphate (K 6 P 6 O) 18 ), and further highly condensed potassium phosphate (K n + 2 P n O 3n + 1 ) (n> 4) are preferred.
ただし、縮合リン酸カリを使用する場合は、上記した水溶性カリウム塩を併用添加することが必須である。これは、カリウム成分とリン酸成分の質量比φを上記（１）式を満足するように調整する必要があること、および縮合リン酸カリ特有の吸湿性を低減し、かつ、水溶液とした場合の加水分解の防止をはかって、後記する本発明の葉面散布剤としての効果を確保するためには、当該カリウム成分は、少なくともその一部が水溶性カリウム塩由来のものであることが要請されるからである。 However, when using condensed potassium phosphate, it is essential to add the above-mentioned water-soluble potassium salt in combination. This is because it is necessary to adjust the mass ratio φ between the potassium component and the phosphoric acid component so as to satisfy the above formula (1), and when the hygroscopicity peculiar to condensed potassium phosphate is reduced and the aqueous solution is prepared. In order to prevent hydrolysis, and to ensure the effect as a foliar spray agent of the present invention to be described later, it is required that at least a part of the potassium component is derived from a water-soluble potassium salt. Because it is done.
本発明の葉面散布剤における全カリウムＸに対する水溶性カリウム塩由来のカリ量ｘk
の質量比α（＝ｘk／Ｘ）は、少なくとも０．１以上、好ましくは０．３以上、さらに好ましくは０．６以上、最も好ましくは１．０である。
Potassium amount derived from water-soluble potassium salt with respect to total potassium X in the foliar spray of the present invention x k
The mass ratio α (= x k / X) is at least 0.1, preferably 0.3 or more, more preferably 0.6 or more, and most preferably 1.0.
（カリとリン酸の質量比）
本発明の葉面散布込剤における、カリ成分とリン酸成分の質量比φ（Ｋ2Ｏ／Ｐ2Ｏ5）は式（１）の範囲にあるものである。
１．０≦φ≦２．５ （１）
さらに好ましくは、当該質量比φは式（１’）を満足するものである。
１．１≦φ≦２．０ （１’）
(Mass ratio of potassium and phosphoric acid)
In the foliar spray agent of the present invention, the mass ratio φ (K 2 O / P 2 O 5 ) between the potash component and the phosphate component is in the range of the formula (1).
1.0 ≦ φ ≦ 2.5 (1)
More preferably, the mass ratio φ satisfies the formula (1 ′).
1.1 ≦ φ ≦ 2.0 (1 ′)
質量比φが１．０未満であると、後記実施例に示すように、得られる果実の糖度が低くなり、また、保存時の硬度低下が大きく日持ちが悪くなる。また、質量比φがあまり大となり２．５を超えると、そもそも果実の色づきが非常に悪くなる。 If the mass ratio φ is less than 1.0, the sugar content of the resulting fruit will be low as shown in the examples below, and the hardness will decrease greatly during storage, resulting in poor shelf life. On the other hand, if the mass ratio φ is too large and exceeds 2.5, the coloration of the fruit will be very poor in the first place.
本発明の葉面散布剤は、上記カリ成分及びリン酸成分を有効成分とするものであり、輸送・保管時は濃厚液として扱うことが好ましいが、散布時には、通常、カリ成分及びリン酸成分を含有する希釈された水溶液の形態で使用される。 The foliar spray of the present invention comprises the above potash component and phosphoric acid component as active ingredients, and is preferably handled as a concentrated liquid during transportation and storage. Is used in the form of a diluted aqueous solution containing
（カリとリン酸の濃度）
散布時における当該葉面散布剤水溶液中のカリ成分及びリン酸成分の濃度は、対象果樹や果菜の種類、散布回数、散布部位、散布の季節等によって、適宜選択されるが、通常、散布時におけるカリ成分及びリン酸成分の濃度は、それぞれ、
（２）式、（３）式の範囲にあることが好ましい。
１０≦Ｋ2Ｏ≦５０００ｐｐｍ （２）
１０≦Ｐ2Ｏ5≦５０００ｐｐｍ （３）
(Kali and phosphoric acid concentrations)
The concentration of potash and phosphate components in the foliar spray solution at the time of spraying is selected as appropriate according to the type of target fruit tree or fruit vegetable, the number of sprays, the spray site, the season of spraying, etc. The concentration of the potash component and phosphate component in
It is preferable that it exists in the range of (2) Formula and (3) Formula.
10 ≦ K 2 O ≦ 5000 ppm (2)
10 ≦ P 2 O 5 ≦ 5000 ppm (3)
そして、さらに好ましくは、（２’）式、（３’）式の範囲にあるものである。
１００≦Ｋ2Ｏ≦１０００ｐｐｍ （２’）
１００≦Ｐ2Ｏ5≦１０００ｐｐｍ （３’）
More preferably, it is in the range of the expressions (2 ′) and (3 ′).
100 ≦ K 2 O ≦ 1000 ppm (2 ′)
100 ≦ P 2 O 5 ≦ 1000 ppm (3 ′)
ここで、例えば、Ｋ2Ｏ、Ｐ2Ｏ5濃度が、それぞれ４００ｐｐｍの散布剤を調製するには、Ｋ2Ｏ及びＰ2Ｏ5として、それぞれ４質量部の硫酸カリ等のカリウム塩、ポリリン酸等のリン酸に、１０００質量部の水を添加（１０００倍希釈）して溶解すればよく、また２００ｐｐｍの散布剤を調製するには、同様に２０００質量部の水を添加して（２０００倍希釈）、溶解すればよいのである。 Here, for example, in order to prepare a spraying agent having a K 2 O and P 2 O 5 concentration of 400 ppm, respectively, 4 parts by mass of potassium salt such as potassium sulfate, polyphosphorus as K 2 O and P 2 O 5 1000 parts by weight of water may be added (1000-fold dilution) and dissolved in phosphoric acid such as acid. To prepare a 200 ppm spray, 2000 parts by weight of water is similarly added (2000 Double dilution) and dissolution.
（他の成分）
本発明の葉面散布剤においては、必須有効成分であるカリ成分及びリン酸成分とともに、通常葉面散布剤において使用されている種々の成分を適量含有せしめることを排除するものではない。
(Other ingredients)
In the foliar spray of the present invention, it is not excluded to add appropriate amounts of various components usually used in foliar sprays together with the potash component and phosphoric acid component which are essential active ingredients.
例えば、カルシウム、マグネシウム、マンガン、モリブデン、ケイ素、ホウ素、鉄、亜鉛、銅、ケイ酸、ホウ酸、ナトリウム等の無機成分；クエン酸、酢酸、グルコン酸、乳酸等の有機酸；グリシン、グルタミン酸、アスパラギン酸、プロリン、ハイドロオキシプロリン、アラニン、フェニルアラニン、リジン、アルギニン、バリン、ロイシン、イソロイシン、セリン、メチオニン、スレオニン、ヒスチジン等のアミノ酸；ビタミンＣ等のビタミン；蔗糖、砂糖等の糖の各成分を含有することができる。 For example, inorganic components such as calcium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, silicon, boron, iron, zinc, copper, silicic acid, boric acid, sodium; organic acids such as citric acid, acetic acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid; glycine, glutamic acid, Amino acids such as aspartic acid, proline, hydroxyproline, alanine, phenylalanine, lysine, arginine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, serine, methionine, threonine, histidine; vitamins such as vitamin C; sugar components such as sucrose and sugar Can be contained.
また、その他の肥料成分、例えば、尿素、硫酸アンモニウム、塩化アンモニウム、硝酸アンモニウム、硝酸ナトリウム、硫酸グアニル尿素等の窒素質肥料成分を適量、所望により含有させることも可能である。 Further, other fertilizer components, for example, nitrogenous fertilizer components such as urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, guanylurea sulfate and the like can be contained in an appropriate amount if desired.
本発明の葉面散布剤においては、植物体表面への濡れ性等を高め、葉面吸収を向上させるため、所謂展着剤や界面活性剤を添加含有することができる。 In the foliar spraying agent of the present invention, so-called spreading agents and surfactants can be added and contained in order to improve wettability to the plant surface and improve foliar absorption.
界面活性剤としては、通常使用される、蔗糖脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアリルエーテル、ポリオキシアルキレンアルキルソルビトールエステル等のノニオン系界面活性剤、アリル硫酸ナトリウム、アルキルナフタレンスルホン酸ナトリウム、アルキルスルホコハク酸塩、アルキル硫酸塩、α−オレフィンスルホン酸ナトリウム、アルカンスルホン酸ナトリウム等の陰イオン系界面活性剤が挙げられる。 As the surfactant, commonly used nonionic surfactants such as sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl allyl ether, polyoxyalkylene alkyl sorbitol ester, sodium allyl sulfate, Examples include anionic surfactants such as sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, alkyl sulfosuccinate, alkyl sulfate, sodium α-olefin sulfonate, and sodium alkane sulfonate.
（蔗糖脂肪酸エステル）
このうち、本発明においては、特に蔗糖脂肪酸エステル（シュガーエステルともいう。）が最も好ましい。これは、本発明者らが検討したところによれば、他の界面活性剤の場合しばしば問題となる、葉面散布剤を調製するときの泡立ちがなく、非常に作業性が良好なこと、及び、蔗糖脂肪酸エステルは、代表的な食品添加剤として、アイスクリーム、ココア、マーガリン、チョコレート、パン、めん類、ケーキ、カステラ、醤油、ようかん、さらには化粧品、医薬品等に常用されており、安全性の極めて高いと考えられるものだからである。
蔗糖脂肪酸エステルとは、例えば式（４）で表されるものである。
(Sucrose fatty acid ester)
Among these, sucrose fatty acid ester (also referred to as sugar ester) is most preferable in the present invention. According to the study by the present inventors, there is no foaming when preparing a foliar spray, which is often a problem in the case of other surfactants, and the workability is very good. As a typical food additive, sucrose fatty acid esters are commonly used in ice cream, cocoa, margarine, chocolate, bread, noodles, cakes, castella, soy sauce, yokan, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, etc. This is because it is considered extremely high.
The sucrose fatty acid ester is represented by, for example, the formula (4).
式（４）において、ＲＣＯＯは、飽和又は不飽和脂肪酸残基を表す。当該脂肪酸としては、例えば、エナント酸（ヘプタン酸）、カプリル酸、ペラルゴン酸、カプリン酸、ウンデシル酸、ラウリン酸、トリデシル酸、ミリスチン酸（テトラデカン酸）、ペンタデシル酸、パルミチン酸（ヘキサデカン酸）、ヘプタデシル酸、ステアリン酸（オクタデカン酸）、ノナデカン酸、アラキジン酸、ベヘン酸（ドコサン酸）等の飽和脂肪酸； In the formula (4), RCOO represents a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid residue. Examples of the fatty acid include enanthic acid (heptanoic acid), caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, undecyl acid, lauric acid, tridecyl acid, myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid), pentadecylic acid, palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), heptadecyl acid Saturated fatty acids such as acids, stearic acid (octadecanoic acid), nonadecanoic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid (docosanoic acid);
オレイン酸、エライジン酸、セトレイン酸、エルカ酸、ブラシジン酸、ソルビン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、アラキドン酸等の不飽和脂肪酸が好ましいものとして挙げられる。なお、蔗糖には、８個の水酸基があり、式（４）においては、その一つがエステル化されているものを示しているが、もちろんこれに限られるものではなく、所望とする親水性、親油性に応じて、親水性である残りの水酸基を、さらに親油性である炭素数の多い脂肪酸とエステル結合させ、モノエステル、ジエステル、トリエステル・・・としてもよい。また、さらにそれらの任意の混合エステルであってもよい。 Preferred examples include unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, elaidic acid, celetic acid, erucic acid, brassic acid, sorbic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid. In addition, sucrose has eight hydroxyl groups, and in formula (4), one of them is esterified, but of course it is not limited to this, and the desired hydrophilicity, Depending on the lipophilicity, the remaining hydroxyl group that is hydrophilic may be further esterified with a lipophilic fatty acid having a large number of carbon atoms to form a monoester, diester, triester,... Furthermore, those arbitrary mixed ester may be sufficient.
蔗糖脂肪酸エステルは、脂肪酸の種類、エステル化度、ＨＬＢ等により各種のものが入手可能であり、適当なものを選択して使用することができる。 Various types of sucrose fatty acid esters are available depending on the type of fatty acid, the degree of esterification, the HLB, etc., and appropriate ones can be selected and used.
当該蔗糖脂肪酸エステルの配合量（併用量）は、主たる有効成分である、Ｋ2ＯとＰ2Ｏ5の合計量に対し、３０質量％以下、好ましくは２０質量％以下、さらに好ましくは１０質量％以下１質量％以上である。 The blending amount (combined amount) of the sucrose fatty acid ester is 30% by mass or less, preferably 20% by mass or less, and more preferably 10% by mass with respect to the total amount of K 2 O and P 2 O 5 which are main active ingredients. % Or less and 1% by mass or more.
本発明の葉面散布剤において、特に上記のような蔗糖脂肪酸エステルを配合することにより、当該葉面散布剤の葉表面や茎表面からの吸収が促進されるため、広大な果樹園において多数の果樹に対して散布する場合でも、その吸収効率が高くなり、散布効果がそれぞれの果樹において平均化し、果樹園全体として、葉面散布剤の効果がより確実に奏される。 In the foliar spray agent of the present invention, especially by blending the sucrose fatty acid ester as described above, absorption from the leaf surface and stem surface of the foliar spray agent is promoted, so a large number of orchards Even when sprayed on fruit trees, the absorption efficiency is increased, the spraying effect is averaged in each fruit tree, and the effect of the foliar spraying agent is more reliably exhibited as a whole orchard.
本発明の葉面散布剤においては、さらに、ベントナイト、アタパルジャイト、グアガム、キサンタンガム、メチルセルロース、カルボキシルメチルセルロース、ポリビニルアルコール、アルギン酸ナトリウム、澱粉等の増粘剤、ｐＨ調節剤、殺菌剤や殺虫剤等の農薬、凍結防止剤、着色剤、キレート剤、消泡剤、帯電防止剤を必要に応じて含有させることもできる。 In the foliar spray agent of the present invention, further, thickeners such as bentonite, attapulgite, guar gum, xanthan gum, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, starch, etc., agricultural chemicals such as pH regulators, fungicides and insecticides Further, an antifreezing agent, a coloring agent, a chelating agent, an antifoaming agent, and an antistatic agent can be contained as necessary.
（対象果実等）
本発明の葉面散布剤が対象とする果実等としては、特にその果実の着色が商品価値上、大切であるものであり、例えばリンゴ、ミカン、カキ、ナシ、サクランボ、ブドウ、ビワ、アンズ、モモ、ウメ等が挙げられ、また果菜としては、トマト、イチゴ、スイカ、メロン等が挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない。なお、さらにまた、ピーマン、ナス、キュウリに対して使用することも可能である。
(Target fruits, etc.)
As the fruit and the like targeted by the foliar spray of the present invention, the coloring of the fruit is particularly important for commercial value. For example, apple, mandarin orange, oyster, pear, cherry, grape, loquat, apricot, Peach, ume, etc. are mentioned, and fruit vegetables include tomato, strawberry, watermelon, melon and the like, but are not limited thereto. Furthermore, it can also be used for peppers, eggplants, and cucumbers.
（噴霧回数等）
本発明のカリウム成分及びリン酸成分を有効成分として含有し、カリウム成分とリン酸成分との質量比φが１．０〜２．５、好ましくは１．１〜２．０の範囲にある葉面散布剤は、好ましくは希釈した状態の水溶液とし、噴霧器等の噴霧手段により、主として、上記対象とする果樹や果菜の葉面（表面及び／又は裏面）に散布される。噴霧時期及び回数は、特に制限されるものではないが、通常、果実の登熟期で、収穫に至る前の時期に間隔をおいて、１〜５回、好ましくは１〜３回程度行われる。場合によっては、１〜２回の散布であっても充分効果を奏することができる。
(Number of sprays, etc.)
A leaf containing the potassium component and phosphoric acid component of the present invention as active ingredients, and having a mass ratio φ between the potassium component and the phosphoric acid component of 1.0 to 2.5, preferably 1.1 to 2.0. The surface spraying agent is preferably an aqueous solution in a diluted state, and is sprayed mainly on the leaf surface (front surface and / or back surface) of the target fruit tree or fruit vegetable by spraying means such as a sprayer. The spraying time and number of times are not particularly limited, but it is usually 1 to 5 times, preferably about 1 to 3 times, with an interval before the time of harvesting at the fruit ripening stage. . Depending on the case, even if spraying once or twice, sufficient effects can be achieved.
１回当たりの散布量は、果樹や果菜の種類によっても異なりうるものであるが、およその目安として、果樹１本当たり、Ｋ2ＯとＰ2Ｏ5濃の合計量として、０．１〜１００ｇ、好ましくは０．５〜５０ｇ、さらに好ましくは１〜１０ｇ程度である。
散布は、通常、朝または夕方に行うことが好ましく、またすでに述べたように、農薬と混合使用することも可能である。
The amount of application per time may vary depending on the type of fruit tree or fruit vegetable, but as an approximate guideline, the total amount of K 2 O and P 2 O 5 concentrated per fruit tree is 0.1 to 100g, Preferably it is 0.5-50g, More preferably, it is about 1-10g.
Spraying is usually preferably performed in the morning or evening, and as described above, it can be used in combination with agricultural chemicals.
〔実施例〕
以下、実施例により本発明を説明する。 但し、これらは単なる実施の態様の一例であり、本発明の技術的範囲がこれらにより何ら限定的に解釈されるものではない。
以下の実施例、比較例において、糖度及び硬度の測定試験は以下にようにして行った。
〔Example〕
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by way of examples. However, these are merely examples of embodiments, and the technical scope of the present invention is not construed as being limited thereto.
In the following examples and comparative examples, the sugar content and hardness measurement tests were performed as follows.
（１）糖度は、ATAGO社製デジタル糖度計（PR-1）を使用して測定し、ブリックス（Brix糖度）として表示した。すなわち、りんごをたてて赤い部分の側面を縦、横の長さともに５ｃｍ程度になるように切断し、その切り取られた部分を搾汁した試料液について、上記糖度計により測定した。 (1) The sugar content was measured using a digital sugar meter (PR-1) manufactured by ATAGO, and displayed as Brix sugar content. That is, the side of the red part was cut and cut so that both the vertical and horizontal lengths were about 5 cm, and the sample solution obtained by squeezing the cut part was measured with the saccharimeter.
（２）硬度は、貫入型硬度計SHIMPO社製果実硬度計（FGL-30B）を使用して測定した。すなわち、上記の切り取って残った部分（果肉部分）を使用し、当該りんごの切断面に対して垂直に硬度計の先端部分を押して貫入させ、当該先端が停止した時点の貫入硬度（ｌｂ／ポンド）を測定した。 (2) The hardness was measured using a penetration hardness tester SHIMPO fruit hardness tester (FGL-30B). That is, using the above-mentioned remaining portion (pulp portion), the tip of the hardness meter is pushed perpendicularly to the cut surface of the apple to penetrate, and the penetration hardness (lb / lb when the tip stops) ) Was measured.
（１）長野県下において、リンゴの樹（品種：つがる）について、カリ成分とリン酸成分を有効成分とする葉面散布剤の試験を行った。 (1) In Nagano Prefecture, the foliar spray agent which uses a potassium component and a phosphoric acid component as an active ingredient was tested about the apple tree (variety: Tsugaru).
まず、カリ成分としては、水溶性カリウム塩である硫酸カリウム（試薬特級）を、リン酸成分として正リン酸（試薬特級）を用いて、カリ成分とリン酸成分の質量比率φ（＝Ｋ2Ｏ／Ｐ2Ｏ5）＝１．２となるようにして散布剤を調製した。 First, as the potassium component, potassium sulfate (reagent special grade) which is a water-soluble potassium salt is used, and normal phosphoric acid (reagent special grade) is used as the phosphoric acid component, and the mass ratio φ (= K 2 ) between the potassium component and the phosphoric acid component. A spraying agent was prepared so that O / P 2 O 5 ) = 1.2.
当該散布剤を希釈して散布試験を行った。すなわち、散布時の濃度として、上記の散布剤１ｇを１Ｌに希釈したもの（以下、１０００倍希釈品と称する。希釈品中のＫ2Ｏ濃度：４４０ｐｐｍと、Ｐ2Ｏ5濃度：４００ｐｐｍ）と、１ｇを２Ｌの水に希釈したもの（以下、２０００倍希釈品と称する。希釈品中のＫ2Ｏ濃度：２２０ｐｐｍと、Ｐ2Ｏ5濃度：２００ｐｐｍ）を、一株当たり５Ｌ散布した。試験区は、Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ（無散布区）とした。試験条件は表１に示したとおりであり、収穫日の前に１回又は２回散布した。 The spraying agent was diluted and a spraying test was conducted. That is, as the concentration at the time of spraying, 1 g of the above spraying agent diluted to 1 L (hereinafter referred to as 1000-fold diluted product. K 2 O concentration in diluted product: 440 ppm and P 2 O 5 concentration: 400 ppm) 1 L diluted in 2 L of water (hereinafter referred to as 2000-fold diluted product. K 2 O concentration in the diluted product: 220 ppm and P 2 O 5 concentration: 200 ppm) was sprayed at 5 L per strain. The test areas were A, B, and C (non-spreading area). The test conditions were as shown in Table 1, and were sprayed once or twice before the harvest date.
表中、Ａ−１、Ｂ−１は、１０００倍希釈品を１回のみ散布したもの、Ａ−２、Ｂ−２は、２０００倍希釈品を２回散布したものである。 In the table, A-1 and B-1 are obtained by spraying a 1000-fold diluted product only once, and A-2 and B-2 are sprayed by a 2000-fold diluted product twice.
（２） 以上の試験区において得られた代表的なリンゴ試料各１０個のうち、５個については収穫日における糖度及び硬度を測定した。また、硬度については、残りの５個の当該リンゴをそのまま室内で室温にて１０日間貯蔵した後の硬度測定を行った。結果を表２に示す。 (2) Among 10 representative apple samples obtained in the above test plots, sugar content and hardness on the harvest day were measured for 5 apple samples. Moreover, about the hardness, the hardness measurement after storing the remaining five said apples indoors as it was at room temperature for 10 days was performed. The results are shown in Table 2.
（ｉ）まず、これら試料をならべて目視及びデジタルカメラにより比較・観察・記録した結果によれば、試験区Ａ、Ｂのものは表側、裏側のいずれも鮮やかな赤色に着色しているリンゴとなっていることが、一目瞭然であった。これに対して、無散布区のリンゴは、表側も裏側も大部分が青いままであり、かつ、表側の一部分が、僅かに赤く着色しているだけであり、両者には歴然たる差異が認められた。 (I) First, according to the results of comparing and observing and recording these samples visually and using a digital camera, the samples in the test sections A and B are apples colored bright red on both the front side and the back side. It was obvious at a glance. In contrast, apples in the non-sprayed area remain mostly blue on both the front and back sides, and only a portion of the front side is colored slightly red, and there is a clear difference between the two. It was.
（ｉｉ）また表２より、本発明の散布剤を散布した試験区Ａ、Ｂのものは、無散布区（対照区）Ｃの試料に比較して、特に、糖度が、大幅に高くなっていることが認められた。 (Ii) Further, from Table 2, the sugar content of the test plots A and B sprayed with the spray of the present invention is significantly higher than that of the non-spread plot (control plot) C. It was recognized that
（ｉｉｉ）さらに、硬度については、葉面散布剤を施した試験区Ａ、Ｂともに、収穫１０日後の硬度（又は硬度低下）が、無散布区とほぼ同じであることが特筆される。 (Iii) Further, as for the hardness, it is noted that the hardness (or decrease in hardness) after 10 days of harvesting is almost the same as that in the non-spraying group in both test sections A and B to which the foliar spray agent was applied.
すなわち、通常、リン酸成分（Ｐ2Ｏ5）濃度の高い葉面散布剤を使用すると、色づきは促進されるものの、日持ちが低下する（すなわち、例えば１０日間貯蔵した場合大幅な硬度低下が生ずる。）という問題を伴うのが一般的であったのに対し、本発明の葉面散布剤においては、当該葉面散布を行った試験区Ａ、Ｂともに、無散布区とほぼ同じ硬度の差となっているという予想外の結果が得られている。（無散布の場合は、色づきは劣るが、その分だけ最も日持ちは優れているものであり、硬度判定の基準となる。）。 That is, usually, when a foliar spray with a high concentration of phosphoric acid component (P 2 O 5 ) is used, coloring is promoted, but the shelf life is reduced (that is, a significant decrease in hardness occurs, for example, when stored for 10 days). In general, the foliar spray of the present invention has the same difference in hardness in the test plots A and B where the foliar spraying is performed as in the non-spread plot. An unexpected result is obtained. (In the case of non-spraying, the coloring is inferior, but the shelf life is the most excellent, and it becomes the standard for hardness judgment.)
なお、この硬度の低下の少ないリンゴ試料について、リンゴ果樹園の栽培者及び果樹栽培研究者３名が、当該収穫してから１０日間貯蔵後のリンゴの果肉を試食する官能試験を行ったが、果肉は依然としてまだ充分硬く、食感はシャキッとして、歯ごたえがあり、美味しいリンゴであるという官能評価が得られた。すなわち、葉面散布剤を散布しても、色づきがよく、かつ、日持ちのする商品価値の高いものであることが確認された。 In addition, about the apple sample with a little fall of this hardness, the apple orchard grower and three fruit tree research researchers performed the sensory test which samples the fruit of the apple after storage for 10 days after the said harvest. The pulp was still hard enough, the texture was crispy, crunchy and a sensory evaluation that it was a delicious apple. That is, it was confirmed that even if the foliar spray agent was sprayed, it was well colored and had a long commercial value.
長野県下において、りんごの樹（品種：つがる）について、実施例１と同様なカリ成分とリン酸成分を有効成分とする葉面散布材の散布試験を、Ｋ2ＯとＰ2Ｏ5の比率をかえて行った。試験区としてＫ2ＯとＰ2Ｏ5の質量比φを、10.0,5.0（比較例）,2.0，1.1（実施例）,0.5,0.1（比較例）とかえたものを散布区とし、同時に対照として、無散布区も設けた。ただし、Ｐ2Ｏ5の希釈後の濃度は、４００ｐｐｍで一定となるようにした。 In Nagano Prefecture, apple trees (variety: Tsugaru) were tested for the application of foliar spray with the same potash and phosphate components as in Example 1 to the ratio of K 2 O and P 2 O 5 . I went and changed. As a test plot, the mass ratio φ between K 2 O and P 2 O 5 is changed to 10.0, 5.0 (comparative example), 2.0, 1.1 (example), 0.5, 0.1 (comparative example) as a spray plot, and simultaneously controlled. A non-spraying zone was also established. However, the concentration of P 2 O 5 after dilution was kept constant at 400 ppm.
散布区については、２０００倍希釈品を、各区、収穫日（8月31日）の一ヶ月前（7月30日）と二ヶ月前（7月１日）の2回散布を一株当たり５Ｌ散布を行った。 For spraying plots, each 2000-fold diluted product is sprayed twice a month (July 30) and two months before (July 1) one month before harvest date (August 31). Spraying was performed.
各試験区1株から10個を無作為に収穫し、そのうち5個について、糖度及び硬度の測定を行った。また、残りの5個については、10日後、硬度を測定した。
結果を表3に示す。
Ten strains were randomly harvested from one strain in each test area, and sugar content and hardness were measured for five of them. The remaining 5 pieces were measured for hardness after 10 days.
The results are shown in Table 3.
（ｉ）これら試料をならべて、実施例１と同様にして目視及びデジタルカメラにより、色づきを比較・観察・記録した結果によれば、φが2.0,1.1のもの（実施例）と、φが小さい0.5,0.1のもの（比較例）は、表側、裏側ともに、鮮やかな赤色に着色したリンゴであることが確認された。また、φの大きい、10.0,5.0のもの（比較例）及び無添加区（対照区）では、ほんどの試料が青いままであり、赤く着色している部分は少なかった。 (I) According to the results obtained by aligning these samples and comparing, observing and recording the coloring by visual observation and digital camera in the same manner as in Example 1, those having φ of 2.0 and 1.1 (Examples) and φ were It was confirmed that the small 0.5 and 0.1 (comparative examples) were apples colored bright red on both the front side and the back side. Further, in the samples with large φ, 10.0 and 5.0 (comparative example) and the non-added group (control group), most of the samples remained blue and there were few red colored portions.
（ｉｉ）また、糖度については、表３より、φが2.0,1.1のもの（実施例）は、糖度が高い。一方、φが10.0,5.0,0.5,0.1のもの（比較例）及び無添加区（対照区）では、糖度はずっと低いものである。 (Ii) As for the sugar content, from Table 3, those having φ of 2.0, 1.1 (Examples) have a high sugar content. On the other hand, in the cases where φ is 10.0, 5.0, 0.5, 0.1 (comparative example) and the non-added group (control group), the sugar content is much lower.
（ｉｉｉ）さらに、硬度については、収穫直後は、φが2.0,1.1のもの（実施例）も、無添加区（対照区）とほとんど差異は認められなかったが、収穫１０日後の硬度は、φが0.5,0.1のもの（比較例）は、硬度が画然と低下した。なお、φが10.0,5.0のもの（比較例）は、収穫直後も、１０日後も、硬度については無添加区（対照区）よりも大であった。 (Iii) Furthermore, as for hardness, the difference in φ (2.0, 1.1) (Example) immediately after harvesting was almost the same as that in the non-added group (control group), but the hardness after 10 days of harvesting was When φ was 0.5 or 0.1 (comparative example), the hardness was remarkably reduced. The samples with φ of 10.0 and 5.0 (comparative example) were larger in hardness than the non-added group (control group) immediately after harvesting and after 10 days.
これらの試料について実施例１と同様に試食する官能試験を行ったが、φが2.0,1.1のもの（実施例）は、無添加区（対照区）と同様に、果肉が依然として充分硬く、食感はシャキッとして、歯ごたえがあり、美味しいリンゴであった。硬度が大幅に低下したφが0.5,0.1のもの（比較例）は、食感も、スカスカ若しくはフカフカした頼りないもので、シャキッとした好ましい歯ごたえはなかった。なお、φが10.0,5.0と大きい青いリンゴ（比較例）は、無散布地区以上に硬くなりすぎて、歯でかみ切るのに苦労する程であった。 A sensory test was performed on these samples in the same manner as in Example 1, but the samples with φ of 2.0 and 1.1 (Examples) were still sufficiently hard as in the non-added group (control group). The feeling was crispy, crunchy and delicious. When the hardness was greatly reduced and φ was 0.5,0.1 (comparative example), the texture was also unreliable, and there was no crunchy favorable texture. In addition, the blue apple with a large φ of 10.0, 5.0 (comparative example) was too hard than the non-sprayed area, and it was difficult to bite with teeth.
実施例１で使用した葉面散布剤（φ＝１．２）に対し、さらに蔗糖脂肪酸エステルを配合して、その散布試験を、長野県下において、試験規模を拡大して実施した。 A sucrose fatty acid ester was further added to the foliar spray agent (φ = 1.2) used in Example 1, and the spray test was conducted under an expanded scale in Nagano Prefecture.
すなわち、蔗糖脂肪酸エステルとして、蔗糖のステアリン酸エステル（ＤＫエステルＦ１１０、第一製薬社製、ＨＬＢ:１１）を、Ｋ2ＯとＰ2Ｏ5の合計量に対して、５％配合した。対象果樹は実施例と同じく、リンゴ（品種：つがる）であり、試験規模は１０ａとした。 That is, as a sucrose fatty acid ester, sucrose stearate ester (DK ester F110, manufactured by Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., HLB: 11) was blended at 5% with respect to the total amount of K 2 O and P 2 O 5 . The target fruit tree was an apple (variety: Tsugaru) as in the example, and the test scale was 10a.
散布スケジュールは表４のように、１０００倍希釈品を、Ａ区（１回散布）、Ｂ区（２回散布）、Ｃ区（３回散布）、Ｄ区（無散布）とし、収穫日はいずれも8月２２日とした。 As shown in Table 4, the 1000-fold diluted product is divided into A ward (1 time spraying), B ward (2 times spraying), C ward (3 times spraying), and D ward (no spraying). Both dates were August 22.
試験結果を表５に示した。なお、収穫物のサンプル数は、試験区Ａは487個、試験区Ｂは522個、試験区Ｃは548個、試験区Ｄは224個のサンプルの平均値である。また、着色度は、カラーセンサーにより測定した。 The test results are shown in Table 5. The number of harvested samples is the average value of 487 samples in the test group A, 522 in the test group B, 548 in the test group C, and 224 samples in the test group D. The degree of coloring was measured with a color sensor.
（ｉ）表５より明らかなごとく、着色度について、試験区Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃのものは、無散布区（対象区）Ｄのものと比較して、画然たる差異が認められた。 (I) As is clear from Table 5, with respect to the degree of coloring, the differences in the test sections A, B, and C were significantly different from those in the non-spread section (target section) D.
（ｉｉ）また、糖度については、試験区Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃのものは、無散布区Ｄの試料に比較して、１度以上の大幅な差が認められた。特に、糖度が、大幅に高くなっていることが認められる。 (Ii) As for the sugar content, a significant difference of 1 degree or more was recognized in the test groups A, B and C as compared with the sample in the non-spread group D. In particular, it is recognized that the sugar content is significantly increased.
（ｉｉｉ）さらに、硬度については、葉面散布剤を施した試験区Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃともに、収穫時及び収穫１０日後の硬度（又は硬度低下）が、無散布区Ｄとほとんど同じであることが確認された。 (Iii) Further, regarding the hardness, the hardness at the time of harvest and 10 days after harvest (or decrease in hardness) is almost the same as that of the non-sprayed section D in the test sections A, B, and C to which the foliar spray agent was applied. Was confirmed.
すなわち、本発明の葉面散布剤においては、当該葉面散布を行った試験区Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃともに、無散布区Ｄとほぼ同じ硬度（硬度低下）であり（葉面散布により、日持ちが低下しない）という、実施例１で得られた結果が、規模を大にした試験によっても確認された。（無散布の場合は、着色度は劣るが、その分だけ最も日持ちは優れているものであることは、すでに述べたとおりである。）。 That is, in the foliar spray agent of the present invention, the test plots A, B, and C in which the foliar spraying was performed have almost the same hardness (decrease in hardness) as the non-spreading plot D (due to longevity due to foliar spraying). The result obtained in Example 1 was not confirmed by a test with a larger scale. (In the case of non-spraying, the coloring degree is inferior, but as it has already been described, the longevity is the best.)
なお、１０日間貯蔵後のリンゴの果肉を試食する官能試験において、試験区のものは、糖度が高いため甘く、非常に美味であった。また、食感については、散布区、対象区とも果肉は充分硬く、食感はシャキッとして、歯ごたえがある美味しいリンゴであるという評価であった。このように、本発明の葉面散布剤は、これを散布しても、色づきがよく、かつ、日持ちのする商品価値の高いリンゴが得られるものであることが確認された。 In the sensory test of tasting apple flesh after storage for 10 days, those in the test section were sweet and very delicious due to their high sugar content. In addition, the texture was evaluated that the flesh was sufficiently hard in both the spray area and the target area, the texture was crispy, and it was a delicious apple with a crunchy texture. As described above, it was confirmed that the foliar spray of the present invention can obtain an apple with good color and long-lasting commercial value even when sprayed.
実施例２で使用した葉面散布剤（φ＝１．２）に対し、実施例３で使用したものと同じ蔗糖脂肪酸エステルを配合して、実施例２に準じた散布試験を、長野県下において、さらに試験規模を拡大して実施した。 For the foliar spray agent (φ = 1.2) used in Example 2, the same sucrose fatty acid ester as used in Example 3 was blended, and the spray test according to Example 2 was conducted in Nagano Prefecture. The test was further expanded.
すなわち、蔗糖脂肪酸エステルとして、蔗糖のステアリン酸エステル（ＤＫエステルＦ１１０、第一製薬社製）を、Ｋ2ＯとＰ2Ｏ5の合計量に対して、５％配合した。対象果樹は実施例と同じく、リンゴ（品種：つがる）であり、試験規模は１０ａとした。 That is, as a sucrose fatty acid ester, 5% of sucrose stearate (DK ester F110, manufactured by Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was blended with respect to the total amount of K 2 O and P 2 O 5 . The target fruit tree was an apple (variety: Tsugaru) as in the example, and the test scale was 10a.
収穫物のサンプル数としては、φ=10.0は234個、φ=5.5は184個、φ=2.0は334個、φ=１.1は382個、φ=0.5は238個、φ=0.1は198個、無散布区は154個であった。
試験結果は表６に示す。
The number of harvested samples is 234 for φ = 10.0, 184 for φ = 5.5, 334 for φ = 2.0, 382 for φ = 1.1, 238 for φ = 0.5, 198 for φ = 0.1 There were 154 units and no spray area.
The test results are shown in Table 6.
（ｉ）これら試料をならべて、実施例１と同様にして目視及びデジタルカメラにより、色づきを比較・観察・記録した結果によれば、実施例２と同様に、φが2.0,1.1のもの（実施例）と、φが小さい0.5,0.1のもの（比較例）は、全体的に鮮やかな赤色に着色したリンゴであった。また、φの大きい、10.0,5.0のもの（比較例）及び無添加区（対照区）では、ほんどの試料が青いままであり、ごく僅かの部分が赤く着色してだけであった。 (I) According to the results obtained by aligning these samples and comparing, observing and recording the coloring by visual observation and a digital camera in the same manner as in Example 1, as in Example 2, φ was 2.0, 1.1 ( Examples) and 0.5 and 0.1 having a small φ (comparative example) were apples colored in a bright red as a whole. In addition, in the samples with large φ, 10.0, 5.0 (comparative example) and the non-added group (control group), most of the samples remained blue and only a very small portion was colored red.
（ｉｉ）糖度については、表６より、φが2.0,1.1のもの（実施例）は、糖度が高い。一方、φが10.0,5.0,0.5,0.1のもの（比較例）及び無添加区（対照区）では、糖度はずっと低い。 (Ii) Regarding the sugar content, from Table 6, those having φ of 2.0 and 1.1 (Examples) have a high sugar content. On the other hand, in the cases where φ is 10.0, 5.0, 0.5, 0.1 (comparative example) and the non-added group (control group), the sugar content is much lower.
（ｉｉｉ）さらに、硬度については、収穫直後は、φが2.0,1.1のもの（実施例）も、無添加区（対照区）とほとんど差異は認められなかったが、収穫１０日後の硬度については、φが0.5,0.1のもの（比較例）は、硬度が大きく低下した。なお、φが10.0,5.0のもの（比較例）は、収穫直後も、１０日後も、硬度については無添加区（対照区）よりも大であった。 (Iii) Furthermore, with regard to the hardness, the difference in φ (2.0, 1.1) (Example) immediately after harvesting was almost the same as that in the additive-free group (control group). When φ was 0.5, 0.1 (comparative example), the hardness was greatly reduced. The samples with φ of 10.0 and 5.0 (comparative example) were larger in hardness than the non-added group (control group) immediately after harvesting and after 10 days.
これらの試料について実施例１と同様に試食試験を行ったが、φが2.0,1.1のもの（実施例）は、無添加区（対照区）と同様に、果肉が充分硬く、食感はシャキッとして、歯ごたえがあるリンゴであった。これに対し、硬度が大幅に低下したφが0.5,0.1のもの（比較例）は、食感も、グニャッとした感じで、へんに柔らかい歯ごたえのないものであった。 These samples were subjected to a tasting test in the same manner as in Example 1. In the samples with φ of 2.0 and 1.1 (Examples), the flesh was sufficiently hard and the texture was crispy, as in the non-added group (control group). As an apple with a crunchy. On the other hand, when the hardness was greatly reduced and φ was 0.5,0.1 (comparative example), the texture was also crisp and without a very soft texture.
本発明によれば、果実等の色づきを促進させているにかかわらず、当該果実等は日持ちのする（硬度低下の少ない）、果樹及び／又は果菜用の葉面散布剤が提供される。特に近年、地球温暖化の影響からか果実の色づきが非常に悪くなっており、本発明の葉面散布剤は、大きな産業上の利用可能性を有するといえる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the foliar spraying agent for fruit trees and / or fruit vegetables in which the said fruit etc. lasts long (it is hard to reduce hardness) irrespective of promoting coloring of a fruit etc. is provided. Particularly in recent years, the coloration of fruits has become very bad due to the influence of global warming, and it can be said that the foliar spray of the present invention has great industrial applicability.
Claims (2)
１．０≦φ≦２．５ （１）
散布時の濃度が式（２）及び（３）の範囲にあり、さらに当該カリウム成分及びリン酸成分は、全て水溶性のリン酸、縮合リン酸、及びその塩由来、及び水溶性カリウム塩由来のものであり、その登熟期で、その収穫に至る前の時期に散布することを特徴とするリンゴ、モモ、カキ、ブドウ、ミカン及びサクランボからなる群より選択される果樹の着色促進用で、かつ、その硬度低下の少ない日持ち性向上用葉面散布剤。
１０≦Ｋ2Ｏ≦５０００ｐｐｍ （２）
１０≦Ｐ2Ｏ5≦５０００ｐｐｍ （３） Containing at least a potassium component and a phosphoric acid component as active ingredients, and having a mass ratio φ (K 2 O / P 2 O 5 ) in the range of the formula (1),
1.0 ≦ φ ≦ 2.5 (1)
Concentration at the time of spraying is in the range of formulas (2) and (3), and the potassium component and phosphate component are all derived from water-soluble phosphoric acid, condensed phosphoric acid, and salts thereof, and from water-soluble potassium salt For promoting the coloring of fruit trees selected from the group consisting of apples, peaches, oysters, grapes, mandarin oranges and cherries, which are sprayed at the ripening stage and before the harvest. And a foliar spray for improving shelf life with less hardness reduction .
10 ≦ K 2 O ≦ 5000 ppm (2)
10 ≦ P 2 O 5 ≦ 5000 ppm (3)
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| CN107593258A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-01-19 | 桐梓县茅石乡龙会村蔬菜种植场 | It is a kind of suitable for foliar fertilizer of wine-growing and preparation method thereof |
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| JPS61232293A (en) * | 1985-04-04 | 1986-10-16 | 三菱化学株式会社 | High concentration fertilizer for foliar spray |
| JPH01230489A (en) * | 1988-03-11 | 1989-09-13 | Fumakilla Ltd | Aerosol fertilizer |
| JPH0624884A (en) * | 1991-09-04 | 1994-02-01 | Kiyotake Aoki | Foliage dressing agent for crop and its dressing method |
| JP2003274761A (en) * | 2002-01-18 | 2003-09-30 | Mitsui Touatsu Hiryo Kk | Foliar spraying agent |
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| JPS4979855A (en) * | 1972-11-15 | 1974-08-01 | ||
| JPS60108392A (en) * | 1983-11-11 | 1985-06-13 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Fertilizer for foliar spray |
| JPS61232293A (en) * | 1985-04-04 | 1986-10-16 | 三菱化学株式会社 | High concentration fertilizer for foliar spray |
| JPH01230489A (en) * | 1988-03-11 | 1989-09-13 | Fumakilla Ltd | Aerosol fertilizer |
| JPH0624884A (en) * | 1991-09-04 | 1994-02-01 | Kiyotake Aoki | Foliage dressing agent for crop and its dressing method |
| JP2003274761A (en) * | 2002-01-18 | 2003-09-30 | Mitsui Touatsu Hiryo Kk | Foliar spraying agent |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2017214958A1 (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2017-12-21 | 张铭强 | Micro-carbon plant anthocyanin for promoting early colouring and plumping of fruits, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110741866A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-04 | 文山贵翔农业科技有限公司 | Plum sapling planting and cultivating method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2005219990A (en) | 2005-08-18 |
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