JP4479380B2 - CONNECTION BODY, ELECTRONIC COMPONENT CONNECTION STRUCTURE, AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENT DEVICE - Google Patents

CONNECTION BODY, ELECTRONIC COMPONENT CONNECTION STRUCTURE, AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENT DEVICE Download PDF

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JP4479380B2
JP4479380B2 JP2004193433A JP2004193433A JP4479380B2 JP 4479380 B2 JP4479380 B2 JP 4479380B2 JP 2004193433 A JP2004193433 A JP 2004193433A JP 2004193433 A JP2004193433 A JP 2004193433A JP 4479380 B2 JP4479380 B2 JP 4479380B2
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bus bar
electronic component
connection
group
terminal side
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JP2006019367A (en
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修 一倉
彰 寺島
均 大原
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Nippon Chemi Con Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Description

本発明は、複数の電解コンデンサ等の電子部品の接続に関し、特に、インダクタンスを低減した接続体、電子部品の接続構造、及び電子部品装置に関する。
The present invention relates to connection of electronic components such as a plurality of electrolytic capacitors, and more particularly to a connection body with reduced inductance, an electronic component connection structure, and an electronic component device.

直流電力の交流電力への電力変換等に用いられるコンデンサ装置では、複数のコンデンサの並列回路や直並列回路が用いられるが、その際、コンデンサ側の接続部に発生するインダクタンスが問題となる。このインダクタンスは、接続部に流れる大電流とその電流によって発生する磁界とから形成され、従来、斯かるインダクタンスの低減のため、各種の対策が講じられている。   In a capacitor device used for power conversion of DC power to AC power, etc., a parallel circuit or a series-parallel circuit of a plurality of capacitors is used. At that time, an inductance generated at a connection portion on the capacitor side becomes a problem. This inductance is formed from a large current flowing through the connection portion and a magnetic field generated by the current, and various countermeasures have been conventionally taken to reduce such inductance.

斯かるコンデンサの接続に関する先行技術には、次のような特許文献が存在している。
実開昭63−89227号公報 特開平3−289346号公報 特開平3−285570号公報 特開平9−205778号公報 特開2003−319665号公報 特開2000−60145号公報 特許文献1には、端子側を向き合わせることによりコンデンサ列を対向配置し、複数の並列接続導体を用いてコンデンサ列毎に複数のコンデンサを並列化する構成が開示されている。
The following patent documents exist in the prior art regarding the connection of such a capacitor.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-89227 JP-A-3-289346 JP-A-3-285570 JP-A-9-205778 JP 2003-319665 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-60145 discloses a configuration in which capacitor rows are arranged opposite to each other by facing the terminal sides, and a plurality of capacitors are paralleled for each capacitor row using a plurality of parallel connection conductors. ing.

特許文献2には、板状の3枚の導体を積層させて近接させることにより並行配置し、この複数の導体を用いて2つのコンデンサを直列接続する構成が開示され、各コンデンサの端子に流れる電流の向きを反対方向にすることにより、各電流によって生じる磁界を相殺し、インダクタンスを低減させている。   Patent Document 2 discloses a configuration in which three plate-like conductors are stacked and placed in close proximity to each other, and a configuration in which two capacitors are connected in series using the plurality of conductors flows to the terminals of each capacitor. By reversing the direction of the current, the magnetic field generated by each current is canceled and the inductance is reduced.

特許文献3には、2枚の導体板を積層配置し、これら2枚の導体板を用いて複数のコンデンサを並列接続する構成が開示されている。   Patent Document 3 discloses a configuration in which two conductor plates are stacked and a plurality of capacitors are connected in parallel using these two conductor plates.

特許文献4には、2枚の導体板を積層配置し、これら2枚の導体板を用いて複数のコンデンサを並列接続する構成が開示されている。   Patent Document 4 discloses a configuration in which two conductor plates are stacked and a plurality of capacitors are connected in parallel using these two conductor plates.

特許文献5には、2枚のバスバーを積層し、各バスバーから突出させた接続部を用いてコンデンサの端子側に接続することにより、バスバー間でコンデンサを並列接続する構成が開示されている。   Patent Document 5 discloses a configuration in which capacitors are connected in parallel between bus bars by stacking two bus bars and connecting them to the terminal side of the capacitor using a connecting portion protruding from each bus bar.

また、特許文献6には、複数の平滑コンデンサの端子側に基板を接続して各平滑コンデンサを並列化する構成が開示されている。
Patent Document 6 discloses a configuration in which a plurality of smoothing capacitors are connected in parallel by connecting a substrate to the terminals of a plurality of smoothing capacitors.

ところで、複数の電解コンデンサを並列化して大容量化することや、バスバーによる低インダクタンス化を実現することは公知であり、また、各端子に流れる電流を逆方向にし、各電流によって生じる磁界を相殺することにより低インダクタンス化することも公知である。   By the way, it is publicly known to increase the capacity by parallelizing a plurality of electrolytic capacitors, and to realize low inductance by a bus bar. Also, the current flowing through each terminal is reversed to cancel the magnetic field generated by each current. It is also known to reduce inductance by doing so.

しかしながら、特許文献1では、電流の向きが一方のコンデンサの並列接続体は共に同一方向であり、対向するコンデンサの並列接続体と逆方向となり、インダクタンスが低減されるが、コンデンサの並列接続体は共に同一方向であるため、インダクタンスの低減効果は低い。また、特許文献2では、2つのコンデンサの並列化を開示しているにすぎない。また、特許文献3、5では、各コンデンサを並列化する導体が隣接しているものの、各導体に孤立した部分が存在しているため、この部分ではインダクタンスの低減を図ることができない。また、特許文献4では、並列化されるコンデンサに対して配線構造体が立体的であるため、装置全体に対する占める割合が大きくなる。また、特許文献6では、各コンデンサを並列化する基板における接続導体の構成が不明である。   However, in Patent Document 1, the parallel connection body of one capacitor is in the same direction in the direction of current, and is opposite to the parallel connection body of the opposing capacitor, and the inductance is reduced. Since both are in the same direction, the effect of reducing inductance is low. Further, Patent Document 2 merely discloses parallelization of two capacitors. In Patent Documents 3 and 5, although conductors for paralleling capacitors are adjacent to each other, there is an isolated portion in each conductor. Therefore, inductance cannot be reduced in this portion. Moreover, in patent document 4, since a wiring structure is three-dimensional with respect to the capacitor | condenser paralleled, the ratio for the whole apparatus becomes large. Moreover, in patent document 6, the structure of the connection conductor in the board | substrate which parallelizes each capacitor | condenser is unknown.

そこで、本発明は、複数のコンデンサ等の電子部品を直並列化するとともに、接続構造部分のコンパクト化とともに、低インダクタンス化を実現した接続体、電子部品の接続構造、及び電子部品装置を提供することを目的とする。
Accordingly, the present invention provides a connection body, a connection structure for an electronic component, and an electronic component device that realizes a reduction in inductance while reducing the inductance of the connection structure portion while making electronic components such as a plurality of capacitors in series and parallel. For the purpose.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明の接続体は、複数の電子部品の各端子側を対向させてなる第1及び第2の電子部品群と、これら第1及び第2の電子部品群の対向間隔内に配設されて前記第1の電子部品群と前記第2の電子部品群の端子間接続に用いられる接続体であって、前記第1の電子部品群の各電子部品の正極端子側を共通に接続する第1のバスバーと、前記第1の電子部品群の各電子部品の負極端子側を共通に接続する第2のバスバーと、前記第2の電子部品群の各電子部品の正極端子側を共通に接続する第3のバスバーと、前記第2の電子部品群の各電子部品の負極端子側を共通に接続する第4のバスバーと、前記第1のバスバーと前記第2のバスバー、前記第3のバスバーと前記第4のバスバー間に介在される絶縁部材と、前記第1のバスバーと前記第4のバスバー、又は前記第2のバスバーと前記第3のバスバーを接続する共通接続部と、前記共通接続部が形成されていない前記第2のバスバーと前記第3のバスバー、又は前記第1のバスバーと前記第4のバスバーに形成される接続端子部とからなり、前記第1のバスバーと前記第2のバスバー、前記第3のバスバーと前記第4のバスバーが前記絶縁部材を介して積層され、前記共通接続部と、前記接続端子部とが近接するように前記第1ないし前記第4のバスバーに配置されるとともに、前記第1のバスバーに流れる電流と前記第2のバスバーに流れる電流の向きが逆方向に設定され、前記第2のバスバーに流れる電流と前記第3のバスバーに流れる電流の向きが逆方向に設定され、前記第3のバスバーに流れる電流と前記第4のバスバーに流れる電流の向きが逆方向に設定された構成である。 In order to achieve the above object, the connection body of the present invention includes a first and second electronic component group in which the terminal sides of a plurality of electronic components are opposed to each other, and the opposed first and second electronic component groups. a connecting member disposed within the interval used for connection between the first electronic component and the second electronic component group and group terminal, the positive terminal of the electronic components of the first group of electronic components a first bus bar to be connected to a common, the second bus bar that connects the first negative terminal side of the electronic components of the electronic component group in common, the second electronic components of the positive electrode of the electronic component group third bus bar and the fourth bus bar and the second bus bar and the first bus bar connecting the second negative terminal side of the electronic components of the electronic component group on a common connecting the terminal side in common , An insulating member interposed between the third bus bar and the fourth bus bar, 1 bus bar and the fourth bus bar, or a common connection part for connecting the second bus bar and the third bus bar, and the second bus bar and the third bus bar in which the common connection part is not formed Or a connection terminal portion formed on the first bus bar and the fourth bus bar, wherein the first bus bar and the second bus bar, the third bus bar and the fourth bus bar are insulated. The first and fourth bus bars are stacked such that the common connection portion and the connection terminal portion are close to each other, and the current flowing through the first bus bar and the second The direction of the current flowing in the bus bar is set in the opposite direction, the direction of the current flowing in the second bus bar and the direction of the current flowing in the third bus bar are set in the reverse direction, and flows in the third bus bar. Direction of the current flowing through the flow on the fourth bus bar is set configured in the opposite direction.

斯かる構成とすれば、第1〜第4のバスバーと第1又は第2の電子部品群を構成する電子部品との電気的な接続により、複数の電子部品の直並列化が可能であり、接続構造部分のコンパクト化とともに、積層された各バスバーに流れる電流を、第1のバスバーと第2のバスバー間、第2のバスバーと第3のバスバー間、第3のバスバーと第4のバスバー間で互いに逆方向に設定できるので、磁界の相殺により、低インダクタンス化が図られる。   With such a configuration, a plurality of electronic components can be serially paralleled by electrical connection between the first to fourth bus bars and the electronic components constituting the first or second electronic component group, Along with downsizing of the connecting structure part, the current flowing through the stacked bus bars is changed between the first bus bar and the second bus bar, between the second bus bar and the third bus bar, and between the third bus bar and the fourth bus bar. Therefore, the inductance can be reduced by canceling out the magnetic field.

上記目的を達成するためには、前記第1のバスバー、前記絶縁部材及び前記第2のバスバーからなる第1の積層体と、前記第3のバスバー、前記絶縁部材及び前記第4のバスバーからなる第2の積層体と、前記第1の積層体の第1のバスバー及び/又は第2のバスバーに形成され、前記第1の電子部品群の電子部品の一方の端子側を接続する接続部と、他方の端子側を非接触で通過させる貫通部と、前記第2の積層体の第3のバスバー及び/又は第4のバスバーに形成され、前記第2の電子部品群の電子部品の一方の端子側を接続する接続部と、他方の端子側を非接触で通過させる貫通部とを備えた構成としてもよい。   In order to achieve the above object, the first laminated body composed of the first bus bar, the insulating member and the second bus bar, and the third bus bar, the insulating member and the fourth bus bar. A second laminated body, and a connection portion formed on the first bus bar and / or the second bus bar of the first laminated body, and connecting one terminal side of the electronic components of the first electronic component group; A through portion that allows the other terminal side to pass through in a non-contact manner, and a third bus bar and / or a fourth bus bar of the second laminate, and one of the electronic components of the second electronic component group. It is good also as a structure provided with the connection part which connects a terminal side, and the penetration part which lets the other terminal side pass in non-contact.

上記目的を達成するためには、前記第1の電子部品群の前記第1のバスバー又は前記第2のバスバーと一体に形成されて外部回路と接続される第1の接続端子部と、この第1の接続端子部との間に前記絶縁部材を介在させて設置され、且つ、前記第2の電子部品群の前記第3のバスバー又は前記第4のバスバーと一体に形成されて外部回路と接続される第2の接続端子部とを備えた構成としてもよい。   In order to achieve the above object, a first connection terminal portion formed integrally with the first bus bar or the second bus bar of the first electronic component group and connected to an external circuit, The insulating member is interposed between the first connecting terminal portion and the third bus bar or the fourth bus bar of the second electronic component group so as to be connected to an external circuit. It is good also as a structure provided with the 2nd connecting terminal part.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明の電子部品の接続構造は、複数の電子部品の各端子側を対向させてなる第1及び第2の電子部品群と、第1、第2、第3及び第4のバスバーとを備える電子部品の接続構造であって、前記第1のバスバーに前記第1の電子部品群の各電子部品の正極端子側を共通に接続し、前記第2のバスバーに前記第1の電子部品群の各電子部品の負極端子側を共通に接続し、前記第3のバスバーに前記第2の電子部品群の各電子部品の正極端子側を共通に接続し、前記第4のバスバーに前記第2の電子部品群の各電子部品の負極端子側を共通に接続してなる既述の接続体を備えた構成である。   In order to achieve the above object, the electronic component connection structure of the present invention includes a first and second electronic component group in which the terminal sides of a plurality of electronic components are opposed to each other, and first, second, third, and A connection structure for an electronic component comprising a fourth bus bar, wherein a positive terminal side of each electronic component of the first electronic component group is commonly connected to the first bus bar, and the second bus bar is connected to the second bus bar. The negative terminal side of each electronic component of the first electronic component group is commonly connected, the positive terminal side of each electronic component of the second electronic component group is commonly connected to the third bus bar, and the fourth The bus bar is provided with the above-described connection body in which the negative electrode terminal side of each electronic component of the second electronic component group is connected in common.

斯かる構成とすれば、第1〜第4のバスバーと第1又は第2の電子部品群を構成する電子部品との電気的な接続により、複数の電子部品の直並列化が可能であり、接続構造部分のコンパクト化とともに、低インダクタンス化が図られた電子部品の接続構造が得られる。   With such a configuration, a plurality of electronic components can be serially paralleled by electrical connection between the first to fourth bus bars and the electronic components constituting the first or second electronic component group, A connection structure for an electronic component with a reduced inductance and a reduced inductance can be obtained.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明の電子部品装置は、既述の電子部品の接続構造を筐体内に備えた構成である。
In order to achieve the above object, an electronic component device according to the present invention has a structure in which a connection structure for an electronic component described above is provided in a housing.

以上説明したように、本発明によれば、次のような効果が得られる。   As described above, according to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.

(1) 本発明の接続体によれば、複数の電子部品をグループ化して第1及び第2の電子部品群とし、各電子部品群毎に電子部品の並列化と、第1及び第2の電子部品群の直列化とを実現し、各電子部品を並列化する接続導体を隣接させるとともに、積層された各バスバーの隣接するバスバーの各電流が互いに逆方向になるように設定されているので、各電流での発生磁界が相殺されて低インダクタンス化を図ることができるとともに、接続構造のコンパクト化を図ることができる。   (1) According to the connection body of the present invention, a plurality of electronic components are grouped into the first and second electronic component groups, and the electronic components are arranged in parallel for each electronic component group. Since serialization of electronic parts group is realized, connecting conductors for paralleling electronic parts are adjacent to each other, and currents of adjacent bus bars of stacked bus bars are set in opposite directions. In addition, the magnetic fields generated by the respective currents are offset, so that the inductance can be reduced and the connection structure can be made compact.

(2) 本発明の電子部品の接続構造によれば、複数の電子部品からなる第1及び第2の電子部品群を備え、各電子部品の並列化と、第1及び第2の電子部品群の直列化を図るとともに、電子部品の並列化における低インダクタンス化を実現することができる。   (2) According to the electronic component connection structure of the present invention, the electronic device includes the first and second electronic component groups each including a plurality of electronic components, and the parallelization of the electronic components and the first and second electronic component groups. As a result, it is possible to achieve low inductance in paralleling electronic components.

(3) 本発明の電子部品装置によれば、複数の電子部品の並列化及び直列化を実現するとともに、接続構造の簡略化及びコンパクト化を実現し、低インダクタンス化を図ることができる。
(3) According to the electronic component device of the present invention, parallelization and serialization of a plurality of electronic components can be realized, the connection structure can be simplified and made compact, and low inductance can be achieved.

第1の実施形態
この第1の実施形態は、本発明の接続体、電子部品の接続構造及び電子部品装置に関し、コンデンサに関する接続体及びその接続構造を示すものである。この第1の実施形態について、図1ないし図3を参照して説明する。図1は、接続体及びコンデンサの接続構造を示す分解斜視図、図2は、接続体を示す斜視図、図3は、コンデンサの接続構造を示す斜視図である。
1st Embodiment This 1st Embodiment is related with the connection body of this invention, the connection structure of an electronic component, and an electronic component apparatus, and shows the connection body regarding a capacitor | condenser, and its connection structure. The first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing a connection structure of a connection body and a capacitor, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the connection body, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a connection structure of the capacitor.

電子部品の接続構造として例えば、コンデンサの接続構造2は、接続体4を備えることにより、第1及び第2の電子部品群として第1及び第2のコンデンサ群6、8の直列化とともに、コンデンサ群6を構成するコンデンサ61、62、63、64の並列化、コンデンサ群8を構成するコンデンサ81、82、83、84の並列化をしたものである。   As an electronic component connection structure, for example, the capacitor connection structure 2 includes the connection body 4 so that the first and second capacitor groups 6 and 8 are serialized as the first and second electronic component groups. The capacitors 61, 62, 63, and 64 that constitute the group 6 are paralleled, and the capacitors 81, 82, 83, and 84 that constitute the capacitor group 8 are parallelized.

接続体4には、第1のバスバー41、第2のバスバー42、第3のバスバー43、第4のバスバー44とともに、絶縁部材として絶縁紙45、46が備えられている。各バスバー41〜44は、コンデンサ61〜64、81〜84の正極端子12及び負極端子14を覆う程度の幅を持つ板状部材であって、バスバー41の一方の端部には正極側の接続端子部として外部接続部16、バスバー44の一方の端部には負極側の接続端子部として外部接続部18、バスバー42、43の一方の端部には両者を結合する共通接続部20が形成されている。バスバー41は、複数のコンデンサ61〜64の正極側を並列に接続する接続導体であって、コンデンサ61〜64の正極端子12を並列に接続する接続部として複数の接続孔22、負極端子14を非接触で通過させるための径大な貫通部として複数の貫通孔24が交互に形成されている。同様に、バスバー42は、複数のコンデンサ61〜64の負極側を並列に接続する接続導体であって、コンデンサ61〜64の負極端子14を並列に接続する接続部として複数の接続孔26、正極端子12を非接触で通過させるための径大な貫通部として複数の貫通孔28が交互に形成されている。   In addition to the first bus bar 41, the second bus bar 42, the third bus bar 43, and the fourth bus bar 44, the connection body 4 includes insulating paper 45 and 46 as insulating members. Each bus bar 41 to 44 is a plate-like member having a width that covers the positive electrode terminal 12 and the negative electrode terminal 14 of the capacitors 61 to 64 and 81 to 84, and is connected to one end of the bus bar 41 on the positive electrode side. The external connection portion 16 as a terminal portion, the external connection portion 18 as a negative connection terminal portion at one end portion of the bus bar 44, and the common connection portion 20 that couples them to one end portions of the bus bars 42 and 43 are formed. Has been. The bus bar 41 is a connection conductor that connects the positive electrodes of the capacitors 61 to 64 in parallel. The bus bar 41 includes a plurality of connection holes 22 and a negative electrode terminal 14 as connection portions that connect the positive terminals 12 of the capacitors 61 to 64 in parallel. A plurality of through-holes 24 are alternately formed as large-diameter through portions for passing through in a non-contact manner. Similarly, the bus bar 42 is a connection conductor that connects the negative electrode sides of the capacitors 61 to 64 in parallel. The bus bar 42 includes a plurality of connection holes 26 and positive electrodes as connection portions that connect the negative electrode terminals 14 of the capacitors 61 to 64 in parallel. A plurality of through holes 28 are alternately formed as large-diameter through portions for allowing the terminals 12 to pass through in a non-contact manner.

バスバー43は、複数のコンデンサ81〜84の正極側を並列に接続する接続導体であって、コンデンサ81〜84の正極端子12を並列に接続する接続部として複数の接続孔22、負極端子14を非接触で通過させるための径大な貫通部として複数の貫通孔24が交互に形成されている。同様に、バスバー44は、複数のコンデンサ81〜84の負極側を並列に接続する接続導体であって、コンデンサ81〜84の負極端子14を並列に接続する接続部として複数の接続孔26、正極端子12を非接触で通過させるための径大な貫通部として複数の貫通孔28が交互に形成されている。   The bus bar 43 is a connection conductor that connects the positive electrode sides of the capacitors 81 to 84 in parallel. The bus bar 43 includes the connection holes 22 and the negative electrode terminals 14 as connection portions that connect the positive electrode terminals 12 of the capacitors 81 to 84 in parallel. A plurality of through-holes 24 are alternately formed as large-diameter through portions for passing through in a non-contact manner. Similarly, the bus bar 44 is a connection conductor that connects the negative electrode sides of the capacitors 81 to 84 in parallel, and includes a plurality of connection holes 26 and positive electrodes as connection portions that connect the negative electrode terminals 14 of the capacitors 81 to 84 in parallel. A plurality of through holes 28 are alternately formed as large-diameter through portions for allowing the terminals 12 to pass through in a non-contact manner.

また、絶縁紙45は、コンデンサ群6側のバスバー41、42の間に設置されて両者間を絶縁する部材であって、バスバー41、42より幅広且つ長大に形成されているとともに、接続孔22、26及び貫通孔24、28の中心に対応する透孔30を備えており、各透孔30は絶縁を図るため、貫通孔24、28より径小である。同様に、絶縁紙46は、コンデンサ群8側のバスバー43、44の間に設置されて両者間を絶縁する部材であって、バスバー43、44より幅広且つ長大に形成されているとともに、接続孔22、26及び貫通孔24、28の中心に対応する透孔30を備えており、各透孔30は絶縁を図るため、貫通孔24、28より径小である。   The insulating paper 45 is a member that is installed between the bus bars 41 and 42 on the capacitor group 6 side and insulates between the two. The insulating paper 45 is formed wider and longer than the bus bars 41 and 42, and the connection hole 22. , 26 and through holes 30 corresponding to the centers of the through holes 24, 28. Each through hole 30 is smaller in diameter than the through holes 24, 28 for insulation. Similarly, the insulating paper 46 is a member that is installed between the bus bars 43 and 44 on the capacitor group 8 side and insulates the two, and is formed wider and longer than the bus bars 43 and 44, and has a connection hole. 22 and 26 and through holes 30 corresponding to the centers of the through holes 24 and 28 are provided, and each through hole 30 is smaller in diameter than the through holes 24 and 28 for insulation.

各コンデンサ61〜64とバスバー41、42の接続には例えば、接続用ビス32が用いられており、バスバー42の貫通孔28及び絶縁紙45の透孔30を貫通させた接続用ビス32をバスバー41の接続孔22を通してワッシャを兼ねる取付高さ設定ないし調整手段としてのスペーサ34とともに正極端子12に締め付けることにより、接続用ビス32及びスペーサ34を介して正極端子12とバスバー41とが接続され、また、バスバー41の貫通孔24及び絶縁紙45の透孔30を貫通させた接続用ビス32をバスバー42の接続孔26を通してスペーサ34とともに負極端子14に締め付けることにより、接続用ビス32及びスペーサ34を介して負極端子14とバスバー42とが接続されている。   For example, connection screws 32 are used to connect the capacitors 61 to 64 and the bus bars 41 and 42. The connection screws 32 that pass through the through holes 28 of the bus bar 42 and the through holes 30 of the insulating paper 45 are connected to the bus bars. The positive terminal 12 and the bus bar 41 are connected to each other through the connection screw 32 and the spacer 34 by tightening the positive terminal 12 together with the spacer 34 as a mounting height setting or adjusting means that also serves as a washer through the connection hole 22 of 41, Further, the connection screw 32 that penetrates the through hole 24 of the bus bar 41 and the through hole 30 of the insulating paper 45 is fastened to the negative electrode terminal 14 together with the spacer 34 through the connection hole 26 of the bus bar 42, thereby connecting the connection screw 32 and the spacer 34. The negative electrode terminal 14 and the bus bar 42 are connected via each other.

また、各コンデンサ81〜84とバスバー43、44の接続には例えば、接続用ビス32が用いられており、同様に、バスバー43の貫通孔28及び絶縁紙45の透孔30を貫通させた接続用ビス32をバスバー44の接続孔22を通してワッシャを兼ねる取付高さ設定ないし調整手段としてのスペーサ34とともに負極端子14に締め付けることにより、接続用ビス32及びスペーサ34を介して負極端子12とバスバー44とが接続され、また、バスバー44の貫通孔24及び絶縁紙45の透孔30を貫通させた接続用ビス32をバスバー43の接続孔26を通してスペーサ34とともに正極端子12に締め付けることにより、接続用ビス32及びスペーサ34を介して正極端子12とバスバー43とが接続されている。   Further, for example, connection screws 32 are used to connect each of the capacitors 81 to 84 and the bus bars 43 and 44. Similarly, the connection through the through hole 28 of the bus bar 43 and the through hole 30 of the insulating paper 45 is used. By tightening the connecting screw 32 to the negative terminal 14 together with the spacer 34 as a mounting height setting or adjusting means that also serves as a washer through the connection hole 22 of the bus bar 44, the negative terminal 12 and the bus bar 44 are connected via the connecting screw 32 and the spacer 34. Are connected to the positive terminal 12 together with the spacer 34 through the connection hole 26 of the bus bar 43 and the connection screw 32 passing through the through hole 24 of the bus bar 44 and the through hole 30 of the insulating paper 45. The positive terminal 12 and the bus bar 43 are connected via the screw 32 and the spacer 34.

そして、バスバー41の外部接続部16は、この実施形態では、バスバー41の端部からコンデンサ64の側面側に屈曲させて露出しており、その屈曲部分の上部に固定ねじ部36を備えている。また、バスバー44の外部接続部18は、この実施形態では、バスバー44の端部から外部接続部16に重なるように屈曲させて露出しており、その屈曲部分の上部に固定ねじ部36と重ならないように隣接して固定ねじ部38が形成されている。この実施形態では、固定ねじ部36が共通正極端子、固定ねじ部38が共通負極端子を構成している。また、重ねられた外部接続部16、18の間には各外部接続部16、18より面積の広い絶縁紙45、46が重ねられて介挿され、両者間の絶縁が図られている。   In this embodiment, the external connection portion 16 of the bus bar 41 is exposed by being bent from the end portion of the bus bar 41 toward the side surface of the capacitor 64, and includes a fixing screw portion 36 at the upper portion of the bent portion. . Further, in this embodiment, the external connection portion 18 of the bus bar 44 is exposed by being bent so as to overlap the external connection portion 16 from the end portion of the bus bar 44, and the fixing screw portion 36 is overlapped with the upper portion of the bent portion. A fixing screw portion 38 is formed adjacently so as not to become. In this embodiment, the fixing screw portion 36 constitutes a common positive terminal and the fixing screw portion 38 constitutes a common negative terminal. Further, insulating papers 45 and 46 having a larger area than the external connection portions 16 and 18 are inserted between the overlapped external connection portions 16 and 18 so as to insulate them.

また、バスバー42、43の端部に形成された共通接続部20は、各バスバー42、43の端部をL字形に屈曲させて接続片50、52を形成し、これら接続片50、52に形成した固定孔54に接続手段としてビス56又はリベットにより接続したものである。   In addition, the common connection portion 20 formed at the end portions of the bus bars 42 and 43 forms connection pieces 50 and 52 by bending the end portions of the bus bars 42 and 43 into L-shapes. The formed fixing hole 54 is connected by screws 56 or rivets as connecting means.

斯かる構成とすれば、接続体4において、バスバー41、42側は絶縁紙45を挟み込んで接着材で第1の積層体として構成されるとともに、バスバー43、44側は絶縁紙46を挟み込んで接着材で第2の積層体として構成される。そして、複数のコンデンサについて、例えば、コンデンサ61〜64と、コンデンサ81〜84とにグループ化してコンデンサ群6、8とし、コンデンサ群6側に第1の積層体であるバスバー41、42を接続し、コンデンサ群8側に第2の積層体であるバスバー43、44を接続することにより、各コンデンサ群6、8をそれぞれ並列化した後、バスバー42、43を連結して共通化することにより、図4に示すように、コンデンサ61〜64、81〜84を並列化及び直列化することができる。   With such a configuration, in the connection body 4, the bus bars 41 and 42 are sandwiched with the insulating paper 45 and are configured as a first laminated body with an adhesive, and the bus bars 43 and 44 are sandwiched with the insulating paper 46. It is comprised as a 2nd laminated body with an adhesive material. For example, the capacitors 61 to 64 and the capacitors 81 to 84 are grouped into the capacitor groups 6 and 8, and the bus bars 41 and 42 that are the first laminated bodies are connected to the capacitor group 6 side. By connecting the bus bars 43 and 44, which are the second laminated body, to the capacitor group 8 side, the capacitor groups 6 and 8 are paralleled, and then the bus bars 42 and 43 are connected and shared. As shown in FIG. 4, capacitors 61 to 64 and 81 to 84 can be parallelized and serialized.

このように接続体4を用いて構成されたコンデンサの接続構造2によれば、各コンデンサ61〜64、81〜84に流れる電流が接続体4を構成するバスバー41、42又はバスバー43、44において、外部接続部16、18に接続される図示しないドライバと各コンデンサ群6、8に流れる電流をIとすると、この電流Iの向きは隣接するバスバー41、42間又はバスバー43、44間で互いに逆方向となるとともに、バスバー42、43間においても互いに逆方向となり、各電流Iによって発生する磁界の相殺効果が高まり、大幅な低インダクタンス化が図られる。   According to the capacitor connection structure 2 configured using the connection body 4 in this way, the current flowing through each of the capacitors 61 to 64 and 81 to 84 in the bus bars 41 and 42 or the bus bars 43 and 44 configuring the connection body 4. When the current flowing through the driver (not shown) connected to the external connection portions 16 and 18 and the capacitor groups 6 and 8 is I, the direction of the current I is between the adjacent bus bars 41 and 42 or between the bus bars 43 and 44. In addition to the reverse direction, the bus bars 42 and 43 are also opposite to each other, and the effect of canceling out the magnetic field generated by each current I is enhanced, thereby greatly reducing the inductance.

第2の実施形態
この第2の実施形態は、本発明の電子部品装置に関し、コンデンサ装置を示すものである。この第2の実施形態について、図5及び図6を参照して説明する。図5は、第2の実施形態に係るコンデンサ装置を示す分解斜視図、図6は、コンデンサ装置を示す斜視図である。
Second Embodiment The second embodiment relates to an electronic component device of the present invention and shows a capacitor device. The second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view showing the capacitor device according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the capacitor device.

コンデンサ装置70には、防護体としてのケース71が備えられ、このケース71の収納空間部72には、既述のコンデンサの接続構造2に係る接続体4、第1及び第2のコンデンサ群6、8が収納されている。また、ケース71の収納空間部72には、支持壁部74、76及び支柱部78、90、92、93が形成されている。支持壁部74、76及び支柱部78、90、92、93には、ビス94を固定するためのねじ孔96が形成されている。そして、第1及び第2のカバー98、100が備えられ、カバー98にはねじ孔96に対応する位置に透孔102が形成され、同様に、カバー100にもねじ孔96に対応する位置に透孔104が形成されている。   The capacitor device 70 is provided with a case 71 as a protective body. In the storage space 72 of the case 71, the connection body 4 according to the capacitor connection structure 2 described above, the first and second capacitor groups 6 are provided. , 8 are stored. In addition, support wall portions 74 and 76 and support column portions 78, 90, 92, and 93 are formed in the storage space portion 72 of the case 71. Screw holes 96 for fixing the screws 94 are formed in the support wall portions 74 and 76 and the column portions 78, 90, 92, and 93. First and second covers 98 and 100 are provided, and a through hole 102 is formed in the cover 98 at a position corresponding to the screw hole 96. Similarly, the cover 100 is also in a position corresponding to the screw hole 96. A through hole 104 is formed.

このようにケース71には接続体4を備えたコンデンサ群6、8が収納され、各コンデンサ群6、8は、カバー98、100で覆われ、ビス94によってケース71内に固定され、コンデンサ装置70を構成することができる。   In this way, the capacitor group 6 and 8 including the connection body 4 is accommodated in the case 71. The capacitor groups 6 and 8 are covered with the covers 98 and 100, and are fixed in the case 71 by the screws 94. 70 can be configured.

そして、このようなコンデンサ装置70によれば、既述のコンデンサの接続構造2及び接続体4を備えているので、複数のコンデンサ61〜64、81〜84の並列化及び直列化が実現されているとともに、コンデンサ接続の簡略化及びコンパクト化が実現され、接続体4による低インダクタンス化が図られている。   And according to such a capacitor | condenser apparatus 70, since the capacitor | condenser connection structure 2 and the connection body 4 which were already described are provided, the parallelization and serialization of the several capacitors 61-64 and 81-84 are implement | achieved. In addition, simplification and compactness of the capacitor connection are realized, and the inductance is reduced by the connection body 4.

次に、本発明に係る接続体、電子部品の接続構造、及び電子部品装置の上記実施形態について、変形例を列挙して説明する。   Next, the above-described embodiments of the connection body, the electronic component connection structure, and the electronic component device according to the present invention will be described by listing modifications.

(1) 接続体4は、バスバー41〜44を導体パターンとし、絶縁紙45、46を絶縁体とした基板で構成してもよい。   (1) The connection body 4 may be formed of a substrate having the bus bars 41 to 44 as conductor patterns and the insulating paper 45 and 46 as insulators.

(2) コンデンサ群6、8をそれぞれ4個のコンデンサで構成したが、3以下又は5以上のコンデンサを用いて構成してもよい。   (2) The capacitor groups 6 and 8 are each composed of four capacitors, but may be composed of three or less capacitors or five or more capacitors.

(3) 接続体4をコンデンサ群6に接続するバスバー41、42と、コンデンサ群8に接続するバスバー43、44とからなる4層構造としたが、これに限らず、第1のコンデンサ群6に接続するバスバー41、42に更に、正極側接続用のバスバー、負極側接続用のバスバーを絶縁部材を介在させて積層し、第2のコンデンサ群8にも同様に積層してもよく、接続体のバスバーを6層又は8層又はそれ以上の多層としてもよい。   (3) Although the four-layer structure including the bus bars 41 and 42 for connecting the connection body 4 to the capacitor group 6 and the bus bars 43 and 44 for connecting to the capacitor group 8 is used, the present invention is not limited to this, and the first capacitor group 6 The bus bars 41 and 42 connected to the positive electrode side connection bus bar and the negative electrode side connection bus bar may be laminated with an insulating member interposed therebetween, and the second capacitor group 8 may be laminated similarly. The body busbar may be 6 layers, 8 layers or more.

(4) 上記実施形態では、極性を持つ電子部品として電解コンデンサを例示したが、フィルムコンデンサ等の電解コンデンサ以外のコンデンサ、抵抗、電池等の電子部品を用いてもよい。極性を有しない抵抗やフィルムコンデンサを用いても、本発明によれば、インダクタンス低減効果が得られる。   (4) In the above embodiment, an electrolytic capacitor is exemplified as an electronic component having polarity. However, a capacitor other than an electrolytic capacitor such as a film capacitor, or an electronic component such as a resistor or a battery may be used. Even if a resistor or a film capacitor having no polarity is used, the inductance reduction effect can be obtained according to the present invention.

(5) 上記実施形態では、バスバー41でコンデンサ群6の正極端子12、バスバー42でコンデンサ群6の負極端子14、バスバー43でコンデンサ群8の正極端子12、バスバー44でコンデンサ群8の負極端子14を接続する構成としたが、バスバー41でコンデンサ群6の負極端子14、バスバー42でコンデンサ群6の正極端子12、バスバー43でコンデンサ群8の負極端子14、バスバー44でコンデンサ群8の正極端子12を接続する構成としてもよく、隣接して流れる電流の方向を互いに逆方向とすることができ、同様に、インダクタンス低減効果が得られる。   (5) In the above embodiment, the bus bar 41 has the positive terminal 12 of the capacitor group 6, the bus bar 42 has the negative terminal 14 of the capacitor group 6, the bus bar 43 has the positive terminal 12 of the capacitor group 8, and the bus bar 44 has the negative terminal of the capacitor group 8. 14, the bus bar 41 is connected to the negative electrode terminal 14 of the capacitor group 6, the bus bar 42 is connected to the positive electrode terminal 12 of the capacitor group 6, the bus bar 43 is connected to the negative electrode terminal 14 of the capacitor group 8, and the bus bar 44 is connected to the positive electrode of the capacitor group 8. The terminal 12 may be connected, and the directions of currents flowing adjacent to each other can be opposite to each other. Similarly, an inductance reduction effect can be obtained.

(6) 上記実施形態では、隣接する第2のバスバー42と第3のバスバー43を共通化し、第1のバスバー41に正極側の外部接続部16を接続し、第4のバスバー44に負極側の外部接続部18を接続し、バスバー41〜44において、隣接して流れる電流の向きを互いに逆方向にしたものを示したが、これに限らず、第1のバスバー41と第4のバスバー44を共通化し、第2のバスバー42に正極側の外部接続部16を接続し、第3のバスバー43に負極側の外部接続部18を接続してもよく、バスバー41〜44において、隣接して流れる電流の向きを互いに逆方向に設定することもできる。   (6) In the above embodiment, the adjacent second bus bar 42 and the third bus bar 43 are made common, the first bus bar 41 is connected to the positive external connection portion 16, and the fourth bus bar 44 is connected to the negative electrode side. In the bus bars 41 to 44, the directions of the currents that flow adjacent to each other are shown to be opposite to each other. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the first bus bar 41 and the fourth bus bar 44 are not limited thereto. And connecting the positive external connection portion 16 to the second bus bar 42 and connecting the negative external connection portion 18 to the third bus bar 43. The directions of the flowing currents can be set in opposite directions.

以上述べたように、本発明の最も好ましい実施形態等について説明したが、本発明は上記記載に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲に記載され、又は、発明を実施するための最良の形態に開示された発明の要旨に基づき、当業者において様々な変形や変更が可能であり、斯かる変形や変更が本発明の範囲に含まれることはいうまでもない。
As described above, the most preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to the above description, and is described in the claims or the best for carrying out the invention. Various modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art based on the gist of the invention disclosed in the embodiments, and it goes without saying that such modifications and changes are included in the scope of the present invention.

本発明によれば、複数のコンデンサ等の電子部品の直並列接続に関し、電子部品の配置と接続構造の簡略化とともに、接続部の低インダクタンス化を図ることができ、有用である。
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, regarding the serial-parallel connection of several electronic components, such as a capacitor | condenser, the arrangement | positioning of an electronic component and the connection structure can be simplified, and the low inductance of a connection part can be aimed at, and it is useful.

本発明の第1の実施形態に係る接続体及びコンデンサの接続構造を示す分解斜視図である。It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the connection body and capacitor | condenser connection structure which concern on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 接続体を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows a connection body. コンデンサの接続構造を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the connection structure of a capacitor | condenser. コンデンサの接続構造の等価接続構造を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the equivalent connection structure of the connection structure of a capacitor | condenser. 本発明の第2の実施形態に係るコンデンサ装置を示す分解斜視図である。It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the capacitor | condenser apparatus which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. コンデンサ装置を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows a capacitor | condenser apparatus.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

2 コンデンサの接続構造
4 接続体
6 第1のコンデンサ群(第1の電子部品群)
8 第2のコンデンサ群(第2の電子部品群)
12 正極端子
14 負極端子
16、18 外部接続部(第1及び第2の接続端子部)
20 共通接続部
22、26 接続孔(接続部)
24、28 貫通孔(貫通部)
41 第1のバスバー
42 第2のバスバー
43 第3のバスバー
44 第4のバスバー
45、46 絶縁紙(絶縁部材)
61〜64、81〜84 コンデンサ(電子部品)
2 Capacitor connection structure 4 Connection body 6 First capacitor group (first electronic component group)
8 Second capacitor group (second electronic component group)
12 Positive terminal 14 Negative terminal 16, 18 External connection portion (first and second connection terminal portions)
20 Common connection part 22, 26 Connection hole (connection part)
24, 28 Through hole (through part)
41 1st bus bar 42 2nd bus bar 43 3rd bus bar 44 4th bus bar 45, 46 Insulating paper (insulating member)
61-64, 81-84 Capacitors (electronic parts)

Claims (5)

複数の電子部品の各端子側を対向させてなる第1及び第2の電子部品群と、これら第1及び第2の電子部品群の対向間隔内に配設されて前記第1の電子部品群と前記第2の電子部品群の端子間接続に用いられる接続体であって、
前記第1の電子部品群の各電子部品の正極端子側を共通に接続する第1のバスバーと、
前記第1の電子部品群の各電子部品の負極端子側を共通に接続する第2のバスバーと、
前記第2の電子部品群の各電子部品の正極端子側を共通に接続する第3のバスバーと、
前記第2の電子部品群の各電子部品の負極端子側を共通に接続する第4のバスバーと、
前記第1のバスバーと前記第2のバスバー、前記第3のバスバーと前記第4のバスバー間に介在される絶縁部材と、
前記第1のバスバーと前記第4のバスバー、又は前記第2のバスバーと前記第3のバスバーを接続する共通接続部と、
前記共通接続部が形成されていない前記第2のバスバーと前記第3のバスバー、又は前記第1のバスバーと前記第4のバスバーに形成される接続端子部と、
からなり、前記第1のバスバーと前記第2のバスバー、前記第3のバスバーと前記第4のバスバーが前記絶縁部材を介して積層され、前記共通接続部と、前記接続端子部とが近接するように前記第1ないし前記第4のバスバーに配置されるとともに、前記第1のバスバーに流れる電流と前記第2のバスバーに流れる電流の向きが逆方向に設定され、前記第2のバスバーに流れる電流と前記第3のバスバーに流れる電流の向きが逆方向に設定され、前記第3のバスバーに流れる電流と前記第4のバスバーに流れる電流の向きが逆方向に設定されたことを特徴とする接続体。
A first and second electronic component group in which the terminal sides of a plurality of electronic components are opposed to each other, and the first electronic component group disposed within a facing interval between the first and second electronic component groups. And a connection body used for connection between terminals of the second electronic component group,
A first bus bar that connects the positive terminal side of the electronic components of the first group of electronic components in common,
A second bus bar that connects the negative terminal side of the electronic components of the first group of electronic components in common,
A third bus bar which connects the positive electrode terminal side of the electronic components of the second group of electronic components in common,
A fourth bus bar for connecting the negative terminal side of the electronic components of the second group of electronic components in common,
An insulating member interposed between the first bus bar and the second bus bar, the third bus bar and the fourth bus bar;
A common connection for connecting the first bus bar and the fourth bus bar, or the second bus bar and the third bus bar;
A connection terminal portion formed on the second bus bar and the third bus bar, or the first bus bar and the fourth bus bar, in which the common connection portion is not formed;
The first bus bar, the second bus bar, the third bus bar, and the fourth bus bar are stacked via the insulating member, and the common connection portion and the connection terminal portion are close to each other. the first through the fourth is arranged to the busbar Rutotomoni, the direction of the current flowing in the said current flowing through the first bus bar second bus bar is set in the opposite direction so as to flow into the second bus bar The direction of the current and the current flowing through the third bus bar is set in the opposite direction, and the direction of the current flowing through the third bus bar and the current flowing through the fourth bus bar is set in the reverse direction. Connected body.
前記第1のバスバー、前記絶縁部材及び前記第2のバスバーからなる第1の積層体と、
前記第3のバスバー、前記絶縁部材及び前記第4のバスバーからなる第2の積層体と、
前記第1の積層体の第1のバスバー及び/又は第2のバスバーに形成され、前記第1の電子部品群の電子部品の一方の端子側を接続する接続部と、他方の端子側を非接触で通過させる貫通部と、
前記第2の積層体の第3のバスバー及び/又は第4のバスバーに形成され、前記第2の電子部品群の電子部品の一方の端子側を接続する接続部と、他方の端子側を非接触で通過させる貫通部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の接続体。
A first laminate comprising the first bus bar, the insulating member and the second bus bar;
A second laminate comprising the third bus bar, the insulating member and the fourth bus bar;
A connecting portion that is formed on the first bus bar and / or the second bus bar of the first stacked body and connects one terminal side of the electronic components of the first electronic component group, and the other terminal side is not connected A penetrating part to be passed by contact;
A connection portion that is formed on the third bus bar and / or the fourth bus bar of the second stacked body and connects one terminal side of the electronic components of the second electronic component group, and the other terminal side is not connected A penetrating part to be passed by contact;
The connection body according to claim 1, further comprising:
前記第1の電子部品群の前記第1のバスバー又は前記第2のバスバーと一体に形成されて外部回路と接続される第1の接続端子部と、
この第1の接続端子部との間に前記絶縁部材を介在させて設置され、且つ、前記第2の電子部品群の前記第3のバスバー又は前記第4のバスバーと一体に形成されて外部回路と接続される第2の接続端子部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の接続体。
A first connection terminal portion formed integrally with the first bus bar or the second bus bar of the first electronic component group and connected to an external circuit;
The insulating member is interposed between the first connection terminal portion and the third bus bar or the fourth bus bar of the second electronic component group, and is formed integrally with the external circuit. A second connection terminal connected to
The connection body according to claim 1, further comprising:
複数の電子部品の各端子側を対向させてなる第1及び第2の電子部品群と、第1、第2、第3及び第4のバスバーとを備える電子部品の接続構造であって、
前記第1のバスバーに前記第1の電子部品群の各電子部品の正極端子側を共通に接続し、前記第2のバスバーに前記第1の電子部品群の各電子部品の負極端子側を共通に接続し、前記第3のバスバーに前記第2の電子部品群の各電子部品の正極端子側を共通に接続し、前記第4のバスバーに前記第2の電子部品群の各電子部品の負極端子側を共通に接続してなる請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれかに記載の接続体を備えたことを特徴とする電子部品の接続構造。
An electronic component connection structure comprising first and second electronic component groups, each terminal side of a plurality of electronic components facing each other, and first, second, third, and fourth bus bars,
The positive terminal side of each electronic component of the first electronic component group is commonly connected to the first bus bar, and the negative terminal side of each electronic component of the first electronic component group is commonly connected to the second bus bar. The positive terminal side of each electronic component of the second electronic component group is commonly connected to the third bus bar, and the negative electrode of each electronic component of the second electronic component group is connected to the fourth bus bar. 4. A connection structure for an electronic component comprising the connection body according to claim 1, wherein the terminal side is connected in common.
請求項4記載の電子部品の接続構造を筐体内に備えたことを特徴とする電子部品装置。   An electronic component device comprising the electronic component connection structure according to claim 4 in a housing.
JP2004193433A 2004-06-30 2004-06-30 CONNECTION BODY, ELECTRONIC COMPONENT CONNECTION STRUCTURE, AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENT DEVICE Expired - Fee Related JP4479380B2 (en)

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