JP4469459B2 - Intermittent positive pressure ventilator - Google Patents

Intermittent positive pressure ventilator Download PDF

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JP4469459B2
JP4469459B2 JP2000130028A JP2000130028A JP4469459B2 JP 4469459 B2 JP4469459 B2 JP 4469459B2 JP 2000130028 A JP2000130028 A JP 2000130028A JP 2000130028 A JP2000130028 A JP 2000130028A JP 4469459 B2 JP4469459 B2 JP 4469459B2
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positive pressure
pressure
exhalation
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during
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JP2001309979A (en
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真一 峠
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Teijin Ltd
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Teijin Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は医療用人工呼吸補助装置に関する。さらに詳細には、高炭酸ガス血症のような換気不全患者の治療に適する間欠的陽圧換気療法(IPPV:Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation)に使用する間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
医療用間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置は、肺結核後遺症や慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD)、肺気腫など自発呼吸だけでは十分に換気することができない換気不全使用者の呼吸をサポートするために使用される。
【0003】
間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置の中でも最も一般的な鼻マスクを用いるタイプを、図1に示す。本体1は2〜30cmH2O程度の陽圧ガスを間欠的に発生し、導管2に送る。中でも、使用者7の吸気と呼気に合わせて2レベルの圧力、例えば図2に示すように、吸気時陽圧(IPAP:Inspiration Positive Airway Pressure):12〜15cmH2O、呼気時陽圧(EPAP:Expiration Positive Airway Pressure):2〜4cmH2Oの設定圧力で陽圧ガスを使用者に供給するタイプが主流である。導管2は、マスククッション6を固定するマスクフレーム5に繋がり、マスククッション6を通して、陽圧ガスを使用者7の鼻腔へ送る。呼気排出孔3は使用者7の呼気ガスを呼吸回路外へ排出するために設けてあり、また、酸素など治療用ガスの混入を必要とする場合には、治療用ガス混入ポート4より治療用ガスを混入して使用する。特に、鼻マスクを用いる非侵襲タイプのものは扱いも簡単なため、近年では在宅医療用機器としても使用者が急激に増加している。
【0004】
治療効果としては、次のようなことが国内外で報告されている。すなわち、▲1▼使用者の肺胞換気量を増大させることによって血中二酸化炭素濃度を減少させる、▲2▼圧力補助によって使用者が楽に呼吸でき、呼吸筋疲労が減少する、▲3▼呼気時供給圧力(PEEP:Positive End Expiratory Pressure)によって気道閉塞や肺胞の虚脱を防ぐ、などである。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、ある種の疾患では間欠的陽圧換気療法を施しても思うような治療効果が得られないケースや、使用者が呼吸し難さを訴えて治療を断念せざるを得ないケースも報告されている。
【0006】
一般に換気障害は、肺結核後遺症などを含む拘束性換気障害と肺気腫などを含む閉塞性換気障害の2種類に大別される。拘束性換気障害は、肺実質の変化、あるいは胸膜、胸壁、および神経、筋組織の病変のために肺の拡張が制限されるような病態である。この病変は、安静時一回換気量の減少で特徴付けられるが、気道に病変があるわけではなく、気道抵抗は増加しない。したがって、一回換気量を増やしてやれば正常な換気に近づくため、間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置は非常に有効である。
【0007】
逆に閉塞性換気障害は、気道閉塞によって気道抵抗が増大することで特徴付けられる。特に呼気時の気道抵抗が増大するため、呼出障害を呈することがある。これらは、呼気後半部分でのみ呼出障害が起こり、呼気の前半部分では正常に呼出できるものがほとんどである。また、高い肺気量位で気道閉塞が起こり、残気量は増大する。
【0008】
このような病態に対して、従来の吸気時圧力と呼気時圧力の2レベルの圧力を供給するような間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置を用いても、効果的に換気補助ができないケースがある。例えば、一般的によく用いられる4cmH2Oの呼気時設定圧力を供給したとしても、呼気時圧力が低いために気道閉塞を消し去ることができないことがある。この場合、呼出障害を起こすことに加え、気道閉塞が起きたまま吸気に移るため、努力吸気となり、吸気筋疲労も起こしてしまう。また、気道閉塞を消し去るために呼気時圧力を高くする方法が考えられるが、呼気時にあまり高い圧力をかけると、かえって患者に負担がかかってしまう。
【0009】
特開平8−322936号公報には、気道挿管などにより肺内圧力を過度に低下させることなく、肺に多量の新鮮空気を供給する人工呼吸器が記載されている。かかる装置では、呼気前半は呼気圧力を設定値よりも低くなるように制御し、その後呼気流量が減少するに従って、呼気圧力を設定値に向かって上昇させる制御を行う装置である。
【0010】
かかる人工呼吸器は、呼気前半でよりたくさんの換気をさせるように呼気前半圧力を低くするもので、拘束性換気障害に対しては適するものの、呼気後半で気道閉塞を起す閉塞性換気障害の患者には適用することができない。
【0011】
更にかかる人工呼吸器の様に、圧力調整に呼気弁を用いると呼吸回路が複雑になり、特に呼吸用マスク(鼻マスク、鼻口マスク)を用いるような場合にはマスク周りが重くなってしまい、患者への負担となる。また、呼吸用インターフェースに治療用ガスを混入して用いる場合には、呼気弁を開放している期間に呼気弁から投入された治療用ガスが逃げてしまい、治療用ガスの無駄になる問題も存在する。
【0012】
本発明は、間欠的陽圧換気療法において、呼気後半部分に気道閉塞を呈するような使用者に対して、気道閉塞を消し去り、かつ、吸気に移りやすくなるような間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置を提供することを課題とする。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
かかる課題を達成するため、本発明者は鋭意検討した結果、使用者の呼気期間中に呼気前半圧力と呼気前半圧力よりも高い呼気後半圧力の2レベルの圧力を供給するような間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置を提供することによって課題を解決できることを見出した。
【0014】
すなわち本発明は、使用者の呼吸に対応し、吸気時に吸気時設定圧力、呼気時に該吸気時圧力よりも低い呼気時設定圧力で陽圧ガスを発生する陽圧ガス発生手段、使用者に該陽圧ガスを供給するための呼吸用インターフェース、および該陽圧ガス発生装置と該呼吸用インターフェースを繋ぐ導管手段を備えた間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置において、該陽圧ガス発生手段が、使用者の呼気時後半に該呼気時設定圧力よりも高い圧力で陽圧ガスを発生する手段であることを特徴とする間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置を提供するものである。
【0015】
また本発明は、かかる間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置の呼吸回路中に使用者の呼吸流量を測定する手段を備え、呼気期間中の呼気流量が最大値を示した後に変曲点をとった時点で、該呼気時設定圧力の設定値を上昇させる制御手段を備えることを特徴とする間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置を提供するものである。
【0016】
また本発明は、かかる間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置の呼吸回路中に使用者の呼吸流量を測定する手段、および呼吸流量を時間積分して換気量を演算する手段を備え、呼気時の換気量が直前の吸気時に吸入した量に対して予め設定した割合だけ呼出した時点で、該呼気時設定圧力の設定値を上昇させる制御手段を備えることを特徴とする間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置を提供するものである。
【0017】
また本発明は、かかる間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置に使用者の呼気開始点を検出する手段を備え、呼気開始点から予め設定された時間が経過した時点で、該呼気時設定圧力の設定値を上昇させる制御手段を備えることを特徴とする間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置を提供するものである。
【0018】
また本発明は、該間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置の呼吸回路中に使用者の呼吸流量を測定する手段を備え、呼気期間中の呼気流量が最大値を示した時点で、該呼気時設定圧力の設定値を上昇させる制御手段を備えることを特徴とする間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置を提供するものである。
【0019】
更に本発明は、かかる陽圧ガス発生手段が、回転数を制御することによって所定圧力の陽圧ガスを発生させるブロア手段であり、該呼吸用インターフェースが呼吸用マスク手段であることを特徴とする間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置を提供するものである。
【0020】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置は、使用者の呼吸に対応して間欠的に陽圧ガスを発生する陽圧ガス発生手段、使用者に該陽圧ガスを供給するための呼吸用インターフェース、および該陽圧ガス発生装置と該呼吸用インターフェースを繋ぐ導管手段から構成される。
【0021】
かかる陽圧ガス発生手段は、空気を加圧して陽圧ガスを発生する手段であり、ブロアが用いられる。陽圧ガス供給の制御は、使用者の医師の処方圧力に合わせて吸気時間に吸気時陽圧(IPAP)、呼気時に呼気時陽圧(EPAP)のガスを供給するように、陽圧ガス発生手段の発生を制御するものであり、陽圧ガス発生手段出口から導管手段、呼吸用インターフェース内の呼吸回路に圧力センサー、流量センサー等を設けることにより患者の吸気開始点、呼気開始点を検出し、これに応じて陽圧ガス発生手段の供給圧力を切り替え制御する装置や、吸気時間、呼気時間を予め設定しておき、それに従って陽圧ガス発生手段の供給圧力を切り替え制御し、使用者がそれに呼吸を合わせるものが使用される。
【0022】
本発明の間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置は、呼気開始時には、医師が従来処方していた呼気時設定圧力(EPAP)で陽圧ガスを供給すると共に、呼気期間の後半部分では設定圧力よりも圧力を上げる制御を行う。
【0023】
気道閉塞性肺疾患患者の場合には、一般的によく用いられる4cmH2OのEPAPで陽圧ガスを供給したとしても、呼気期間後半の気道閉塞を消し去ることができないため、本発明の装置では、かかる期間に圧力を上げる制御を行うことにより気道閉塞を解消し、換気を促進する。
【0024】
呼気時後半の圧力切替ポイントは、呼気期間中の呼気流量が最大値を示した後に変曲点をとった時点が好ましい。本発明者は、健常人、拘束性肺疾患患者、閉塞性肺疾患患者の呼吸パターンを調査した結果、図3に示すように健常人、拘束性肺疾患患者では呼気時の呼吸パターン(流量vs時間)が、比較的単純な下に凸形状を示すのに対して、閉塞性肺疾患患者では、呼気流量が最大値を示した後に上に凸形状を示し、呼気時呼吸パターンに気道閉塞に基づく変曲点が存在することを見出した。かかる変曲点を検出し、これ以降の呼気時間に圧力をEPAP圧よりも高めに制御することにより気道閉塞が解消するように働く。
【0025】
変曲点は、呼吸回路中に使用者の呼吸流量を測定する手段を備え、呼気流量が最大値を示した時点以降で、測定値を2回微分した値が初めてゼロになる点を演算することにより求めることが出来る。具体的には、まず、測定したデジタル呼吸流量値において、前後する2つのデータの差を取ることで微分値(呼吸流量の加速度)を導く。さらに前後する微分値の差を取った値が2回微分値である。デジタル呼吸流量値は、使用者の呼吸に短時間で応答するために、1〜10msecのサンプリングレートで測定した値を用いるのが望ましい。呼吸流量の最大値は、微分値がマイナス側からプラス側に変わる点を演算することによって、求めることができる。
【0026】
呼吸流量を測定する手段としては、差圧式流量センサー、熱線式流量センサー等を用いることができるが、使用者に十分な圧力を供給するために、圧損の少ない流量計を使用する必要がある。また、流量センサーは、陽圧ガス発生装置から呼吸用インターフェースまでの呼吸回路中に設置することができる。特に、正確な値を測定するために、使用者と流量センサーとの間に漏れが無いことが望ましい。また、呼気排出孔よりも上流側に流量センサーを設ける場合には、測定したガス流量の一部が、呼気排出孔から排出される分を含むため、呼気排出孔からの流出流量を算出し、これを差し引くことにより流量データを補正することができる。呼吸用マスク等からの漏れがある場合には、その分も同様に補正する必要がある。また、測定値は、ノイズ除去のために移動平均を取るのが望ましい。
【0027】
また別の方法として、本発明は、かかる間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置の呼吸回路中に使用者の呼吸流量を測定する手段、および呼吸流量を時間積分して換気量を演算する手段を備え、呼気時の換気量が直前の吸気時に吸入した量に対して予め設定した割合だけ呼出した時点で、該呼気時設定圧力の設定値を上昇させる制御する方法を用いることができる。
【0028】
吸気時に吸入した量、および換気量は、各吸気および呼気において、Σ(呼吸流量値×サンプリングレート)で求めることができる。呼気時の換気量が直前の吸気時に吸入した量に対して10〜30%だけ呼出した時点で呼気後半圧力へ切り替えることが望ましい。
【0029】
また別の方法として、かかる間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置に使用者の呼気開始点を検出する手段を備え、呼気開始点から予め設定された時間が経過した時点で、該呼気時設定圧力の設定値を上昇させる制御する方法を用いることが出来る。呼気開始点から呼気後半圧力への切り替えは、呼気期間中であればいくらにでも設定できるが、望ましくは呼気開始後0.1〜1秒後である。
【0030】
さらに別の方法として、かかる間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置の呼吸回路中に使用者の呼吸流量を測定する手段を備え、呼気期間中の呼気流量が最大値を示した時点で、該呼気時設定圧力の設定値を上昇させる制御する方法を用いることができる。
【0031】
EPAP圧力よりも高めにする圧力は、EPAP圧力よりも高い圧力であるが、使用する患者の気道閉塞状態によって設定する圧力が異なるが、6〜10cmH2Oの圧力値に制御し用いることが出来る。
【0032】
【実施例】
本発明の間歇的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置の実施例を、図4を用いて更に詳細に説明する。陽圧ガス発生装置出口端部に差圧式流量計を備え、差圧式流量計によって測定した流量値を演算手段に送る。演算手段では、呼気排出孔からのガス排出量および鼻マスクからの漏れを補正する。また演算手段は、上述してきた方法によって、吸気開始点、呼気開始点、および呼気時設定圧力からこれよりも高い呼気後半圧力への切り替え点を演算し、ブロア回転数制御手段へ入力する。ブロア回転制御手段は、ブロア回転数を制御するものであり、入力されてきた各圧力供給期間に応じて、予め決められた吸気時圧力、呼気時設定圧力、および呼気時設定圧力よりも高い呼気後半圧力に相当する電圧を陽圧ガス発生手段に入力する。陽圧ガス発生手段は入力された電圧に応じた陽圧ガスを発生し、導管へ送る。また、設定値入力用手段は、吸気時圧力、呼気時設定圧力、及び呼気時設定圧力よりも高い呼気後半圧力等、ドクターが設定すべき項目を入力することができ、演算手段、またはブロア回転数制御手段に送る。
【0033】
こうして呼気後半に呼気時設定圧力よりも高い圧力を供給することにより、呼気後半に気道閉塞を呈する使用者の気道を広げ、呼気を出し易くすることによって、治療効果が向上する。また、気道を広げることによって、使用者が努力吸気することなく吸気に移ることが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】鼻マスク式の間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置。
【図2】従来の間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置における供給圧力パターン。
【図3】各疾患別呼吸パターン。
【図4】本発明の間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置の好適な実施態様例。
【図5】本発明の間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置の供給圧力パターン。
【符号の説明】
1.人工呼吸器本体
2.導管
3.呼気排出孔
4.治療用ガス混入ポート
5.マスクフレーム
6.鼻マスク
7.使用者
8.差圧式流量計
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a medical artificial respiration assist apparatus. More specifically, the present invention relates to an intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assist device used for intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) suitable for treatment of ventilatory patients such as hypercapnia.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Medical intermittent positive pressure ventilator is used to support the breathing of ventilatory users who cannot ventilate enough by spontaneous breathing such as pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema. The
[0003]
FIG. 1 shows a type using a most common nasal mask among intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assist devices. The main body 1 intermittently generates a positive pressure gas of about 2 to 30 cmH 2 O and sends it to the conduit 2. Among them, two levels of pressure according to the inspiration and expiration of the user 7, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, positive inspiratory pressure (IPAP: 12-15 cmH 2 O, positive exhalation pressure (EPAP) : Expiration Positive Airway Pressure): A type in which positive pressure gas is supplied to the user at a set pressure of 2 to 4 cmH 2 O is the mainstream. The conduit 2 is connected to a mask frame 5 that fixes the mask cushion 6, and sends positive pressure gas to the nasal cavity of the user 7 through the mask cushion 6. The exhalation discharge hole 3 is provided for discharging the exhalation gas of the user 7 to the outside of the breathing circuit. When it is necessary to mix a therapeutic gas such as oxygen, the exhalation hole 3 is used for treatment from the therapeutic gas mixing port 4. Use by mixing gas. In particular, since the non-invasive type using a nasal mask is easy to handle, the number of users as home medical devices has been rapidly increasing in recent years.
[0004]
The following has been reported at home and abroad as therapeutic effects. (1) Decrease blood carbon dioxide concentration by increasing the alveolar ventilation of the user, (2) The user can breathe easily with pressure assistance, and respiratory muscle fatigue is reduced, (3) Expiration To prevent airway obstruction and alveolar collapse by PEEP (Positive End Expiratory Pressure).
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, there are cases where certain positive effects cannot be achieved even with intermittent positive pressure ventilation therapy for certain diseases, and cases where the user has to give up treatment due to difficulty in breathing. Has been.
[0006]
Generally, ventilation disorders are roughly classified into two types: restrictive ventilation disorders including pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae and obstructive ventilation disorders including pulmonary emphysema. Restrained ventilatory impairment is a condition in which pulmonary dilation is restricted due to changes in the lung parenchyma or lesions of the pleura, chest wall, and nerves, muscle tissue. This lesion is characterized by a decrease in tidal volume at rest, but the airway is not lesioned and airway resistance does not increase. Therefore, the intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assistance device is very effective because normal ventilation is approached if the tidal volume is increased.
[0007]
Conversely, obstructive ventilation disorders are characterized by increased airway resistance due to airway obstruction. In particular, the respiratory tract resistance during exhalation increases and may cause a call failure. In these cases, a call failure occurs only in the second half of the exhalation, and most of them can be called normally in the first half of the exhalation. In addition, airway obstruction occurs at a high lung volume level, and the residual air volume increases.
[0008]
For such pathological conditions, there are cases in which ventilation assistance cannot be effectively performed even when an intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assist device that supplies two levels of pressure, that is, a conventional inspiratory pressure and expiratory pressure, is used. . For example, even if the commonly used 4 cmH 2 O exhalation set pressure is supplied, the airway obstruction may not be removed because the exhalation pressure is low. In this case, in addition to causing a call failure, the intake air is moved while the airway obstruction occurs, so that forced intake occurs, and intake muscle fatigue also occurs. In order to eliminate airway obstruction, a method of increasing the pressure during expiration is conceivable. However, if a high pressure is applied during expiration, the patient is burdened.
[0009]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-322936 describes a ventilator that supplies a large amount of fresh air to the lung without excessively reducing the intrapulmonary pressure by airway intubation or the like. In such a device, the first half of exhalation is a device that controls the exhalation pressure to be lower than the set value, and thereafter performs control to increase the exhalation pressure toward the set value as the exhalation flow rate decreases.
[0010]
This ventilator lowers the first half-expiratory pressure to allow more ventilation in the first half of exhalation and is suitable for restrictive ventilatory disturbances, but patients with obstructive ventilatory disturbances that cause airway obstruction in the second half of exhalation It cannot be applied to.
[0011]
Furthermore, if an exhalation valve is used for pressure adjustment like this ventilator, the breathing circuit becomes complicated, especially when a respirator (nasal mask, nostril mask) is used, the area around the mask becomes heavy. , It will be a burden on the patient. In addition, when a therapeutic gas is mixed in the respiratory interface, the therapeutic gas input from the exhalation valve escapes during the period when the exhalation valve is open, and the therapeutic gas is wasted. Exists.
[0012]
The present invention provides intermittent positive pressure ventilation support for a user who presents airway obstruction in the second half of exhalation in intermittent positive pressure ventilation therapy so that the airway obstruction can be removed and the inhalation can be easily transferred. It is an object to provide an apparatus.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve such a problem, the present inventor has conducted intensive studies, and as a result, intermittent positive pressure type that supplies two levels of pressure, ie, the first half-expiration pressure and the second half-expiration pressure higher than the first half-expiration pressure during the expiration period of the user. It has been found that the problem can be solved by providing an artificial respiration assist device.
[0014]
That is, the present invention relates to a user's breathing, a positive pressure gas generating means for generating positive pressure gas at a set pressure during inspiration during inspiration and a set pressure during expiration that is lower than the pressure during inspiration. In an intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assisting device comprising a breathing interface for supplying a positive pressure gas and a conduit means for connecting the positive pressure gas generation device and the breathing interface, the positive pressure gas generation means is used. The present invention provides an intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assisting device which is a means for generating positive pressure gas at a pressure higher than the exhalation set pressure in the latter half of exhalation of a person.
[0015]
The present invention also includes means for measuring the respiratory flow rate of the user in the breathing circuit of the intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assisting device, and takes an inflection point after the expiratory flow rate during the expiration period shows the maximum value. It is an object of the present invention to provide an intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assisting device characterized by comprising control means for increasing the set value of the exhalation set pressure at the time.
[0016]
The present invention further includes means for measuring the respiratory flow rate of the user in the breathing circuit of the intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assist device, and means for calculating the ventilation volume by time integration of the respiratory flow rate. An intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assisting device comprising control means for increasing the set value of the exhalation set pressure when the amount is called by a preset ratio with respect to the amount inhaled at the time of the previous inspiration Is to provide.
[0017]
The present invention also includes means for detecting a user's expiration start point in the intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assisting device, and when the preset time has elapsed from the expiration start point, The present invention provides an intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assisting device characterized by comprising control means for increasing the value.
[0018]
The present invention further includes means for measuring the respiratory flow rate of the user in the breathing circuit of the intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assisting device, and the expiration time setting is set when the expiration flow rate during the expiration period shows a maximum value. The present invention provides an intermittent positive pressure type artificial respiration assisting device comprising a control means for increasing a set value of pressure.
[0019]
Further, according to the present invention, the positive pressure gas generating means is a blower means for generating a positive pressure gas of a predetermined pressure by controlling the rotation speed, and the breathing interface is a breathing mask means. An intermittent positive pressure type artificial respiration assisting device is provided.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assist device of the present invention is a positive pressure gas generating means for intermittently generating a positive pressure gas corresponding to the breathing of the user, and for breathing for supplying the positive pressure gas to the user. An interface and conduit means connecting the positive pressure gas generator and the breathing interface.
[0021]
Such positive pressure gas generating means is means for generating positive pressure gas by pressurizing air, and a blower is used. Positive pressure gas generation is controlled so that positive inspiratory pressure (IPAP) is supplied during inspiration and positive exhalation pressure (EPAP) during inspiration according to the prescription pressure of the user's doctor. It controls the generation of the means, detects the patient's inspiration start point and expiration start point by providing a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, etc. in the breathing circuit in the breathing interface from the outlet of the positive pressure gas generating means. In response to this, a device for switching and controlling the supply pressure of the positive pressure gas generating means, an inhalation time and an expiration time are set in advance, and the supply pressure of the positive pressure gas generating means is switched and controlled accordingly. The one that adjusts to breath is used.
[0022]
The intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assisting device of the present invention supplies positive pressure gas at the exhalation set pressure (EPAP) conventionally prescribed by a doctor at the start of exhalation, and is higher than the set pressure in the second half of the exhalation period. Control to increase the pressure.
[0023]
In the case of patients with airway obstructive pulmonary disease, even if positive pressure gas is supplied with 4 cmH2O EPAP that is commonly used, the airway obstruction in the second half of the expiration period cannot be eliminated. By controlling the pressure to increase during this period, airway obstruction is eliminated and ventilation is promoted.
[0024]
The pressure switching point in the second half of exhalation is preferably the point at which the inflection point is taken after the exhalation flow rate during the exhalation period has reached the maximum value. As a result of investigating the breathing patterns of healthy persons, patients with restrictive lung disease, and patients with obstructive lung disease, the present inventor found that breathing patterns (flow rate vs. flow rate) during expiration of healthy persons and patients with restrictive lung disease as shown in FIG. In contrast, patients with obstructive pulmonary disease show a convex shape upward after expiratory flow reaches its maximum, and airway obstruction occurs in the breathing pattern during expiration. We found that there is an inflection point based on it. By detecting such an inflection point and controlling the pressure higher than the EPAP pressure during the subsequent exhalation time, the airway obstruction is solved.
[0025]
The inflection point is provided with means for measuring the user's respiratory flow in the breathing circuit, and calculates the point at which the value obtained by differentiating the measured value twice becomes zero for the first time after the expiration flow reaches the maximum value. Can be obtained. Specifically, first, in the measured digital respiratory flow value, a differential value (acceleration of the respiratory flow) is derived by taking a difference between two preceding and following data. Further, the value obtained by taking the difference between the differential values before and after is the differential value twice. As the digital respiratory flow value, it is desirable to use a value measured at a sampling rate of 1 to 10 msec in order to respond to the user's breathing in a short time. The maximum value of the respiratory flow rate can be obtained by calculating the point at which the differential value changes from the minus side to the plus side.
[0026]
As a means for measuring the respiratory flow rate, a differential pressure type flow rate sensor, a hot wire type flow rate sensor, or the like can be used. However, in order to supply a sufficient pressure to the user, it is necessary to use a flow meter with little pressure loss. The flow sensor can be installed in the breathing circuit from the positive pressure gas generator to the breathing interface. In particular, in order to measure an accurate value, it is desirable that there is no leakage between the user and the flow sensor. In addition, when providing a flow sensor upstream of the exhalation exhaust hole, since a part of the measured gas flow rate includes the amount discharged from the exhalation exhaust hole, the outflow flow rate from the exhalation exhaust hole is calculated, By subtracting this, the flow rate data can be corrected. If there is a leak from the breathing mask or the like, it is necessary to correct that amount as well. In addition, it is desirable that the measured value is a moving average in order to remove noise.
[0027]
As another method, the present invention includes means for measuring the respiratory flow rate of the user in the breathing circuit of the intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assisting device, and means for calculating the ventilation volume by time-integrating the respiratory flow rate. A method of controlling to increase the set value of the exhalation set pressure when the exhalation ventilation volume is called by a preset ratio with respect to the amount inhaled at the time of the previous inspiration can be used.
[0028]
The amount inhaled and the amount of ventilation during inspiration can be obtained by Σ (respiration flow value × sampling rate) in each inspiration and expiration. It is desirable to switch to the exhalation latter half pressure when the exhaled ventilation volume is called 10-30% of the amount inhaled during the previous inspiration.
[0029]
As another method, the intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assisting device is provided with means for detecting a user's expiration start point, and when the preset time elapses from the expiration start point, A control method for raising the set value can be used. Switching from the exhalation start point to the exhalation late pressure can be set as many times as necessary during the exhalation period, but is preferably 0.1 to 1 second after the expiration.
[0030]
As another method, a means for measuring a user's respiratory flow rate is provided in the breathing circuit of the intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assist device, and when the expiration flow rate during the expiration period shows a maximum value, A method of controlling to increase the set value of the set pressure can be used.
[0031]
The pressure higher than the EPAP pressure is higher than the EPAP pressure, but the pressure set depends on the airway obstruction state of the patient to be used, but it can be controlled and used at a pressure value of 6 to 10 cmH 2 O. .
[0032]
【Example】
An embodiment of the intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assisting device of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. A differential pressure type flow meter is provided at the outlet end of the positive pressure gas generator, and the flow rate value measured by the differential pressure type flow meter is sent to the calculation means. The calculation means corrects the gas discharge amount from the exhalation discharge hole and the leak from the nasal mask. Further, the calculation means calculates the inspiration start point, the expiration start point, and the switching point from the set pressure at the time of expiration to the higher exhalation later pressure by the method described above, and inputs it to the blower rotation speed control means. The blower rotation control means controls the number of blower rotations, and the exhalation pressure is higher than predetermined inspiratory pressure, expiratory set pressure, and expiratory set pressure according to each input pressure supply period. A voltage corresponding to the latter half pressure is input to the positive pressure gas generating means. The positive pressure gas generating means generates a positive pressure gas corresponding to the input voltage and sends it to the conduit. The set value input means can input items to be set by the doctor, such as the pressure during inhalation, the set pressure during expiration, and the exhalation late pressure higher than the set pressure during expiration. Send to number control means.
[0033]
In this way, by supplying a pressure higher than the set pressure at the time of exhalation in the second half of exhalation, the airway of the user who exhibits airway obstruction in the second half of exhalation is widened, and the therapeutic effect is improved. Also, by widening the airway, the user can move to inspiration without making effort inspiration.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a nasal mask type intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assist device.
FIG. 2 is a supply pressure pattern in a conventional intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assist device.
FIG. 3 shows respiratory patterns for each disease.
FIG. 4 is a preferred embodiment example of the intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assist apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows a supply pressure pattern of the intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assist device of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1. 1. Ventilator body 2. Conduit 3. Exhalation discharge hole 4. Gas mixture port for treatment 5. Mask frame 6. Nasal mask User 8. Differential pressure type flow meter

Claims (2)

使用者の呼吸に対応し、吸気時に吸気時設定圧力、呼気時に該吸気時設定圧力よりも低い呼気時設定圧力で陽圧ガスを発生する陽圧ガス発生手段、使用者に該陽圧ガスを供給するための呼吸用インターフェース、該陽圧ガス発生手段と該呼吸用インターフェースを繋ぐ導管手段、およびその呼吸回路中に使用者の呼吸流量を測定する手段を備えた間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置において、呼気期間中の呼気流量が最大値を示した後に変曲点が検出された場合、その時点で該呼気時設定圧力の設定値をそれまでの2−4cmH Oから6−10cmH Oに上昇させる制御手段を備えることを特徴とする間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置。Corresponding to respiration of the user, the intake time set pressure during inspiration, positive pressure gas generating means for generating a positive pressure gas at low go gas setting pressure than intake during the set pressure during exhalation, said positive pressure to the user breathing interface for supplying the gas, said positive pressure gas generating means and conduit means connecting said breathing interface, and intermittent positive pressure ventilation with a means for measuring the respiratory flow of the user during the breathing circuit In the auxiliary device, when an inflection point is detected after the expiratory flow during the expiratory period has reached the maximum value, the set value of the expiratory pressure is changed from 2-4 cmH 2 O to 6-10 cmH at that time. characterized Rukoto a control means for raising the 2 O, intermittent positive pressure ventilator assist device. 該陽圧ガス発生手段が、回転数を制御することによって所定圧力の陽圧ガスを発生させるブロア手段であり、該呼吸用インターフェースが呼吸用マスク手段であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の間欠的陽圧式人工呼吸補助装置。Said positive pressure gas generating means is a blower means for generating a positive pressure gas at a predetermined pressure by controlling the rotational speed, according to claim 1, characterized in that said breathing interface is breathing mask means Intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration assist device.
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