JP4465642B2 - Low pressure casting method for vehicle wheel - Google Patents

Low pressure casting method for vehicle wheel Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4465642B2
JP4465642B2 JP29223499A JP29223499A JP4465642B2 JP 4465642 B2 JP4465642 B2 JP 4465642B2 JP 29223499 A JP29223499 A JP 29223499A JP 29223499 A JP29223499 A JP 29223499A JP 4465642 B2 JP4465642 B2 JP 4465642B2
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gate
cavity
rim
wheel
side gate
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JP2000254766A5 (en
JP2000254766A (en
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哉 伊藤
誠 松本
弘幸 高塚
高士 糸井
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Hitachi Metals Ltd
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Hitachi Metals Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、軽合金製の車両用ホイールを金型キャビティ内で低圧鋳造する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
自動車のロードホイールには種々の材質、構造のものがあるが、自動車の軽量化及び外観や意匠性の向上を目的として、アルミホイールに代表される軽合金製ホイールを装着する比率が増大している。この軽合金製ホイールは、通常低圧鋳造法で製造されることが多い。即ち、低圧鋳造法では、溶湯が金型キャビティ内に低速で充填されるので、ガスの巻込み及び酸化物の発生が他の鋳造法に比べて極力抑制される。
【0003】
一般に軽合金製ホイール30は、図6に示すようにボルトとナットにより車軸に取付けられる厚肉のハブ部31と厚肉部と薄肉部が混在するデザイン部32からなるディスク部33と、タイヤが取着される薄肉のリム部34から構成されている。図6(a)において、35はフロントフランジ部、36はリアフランジ部、37はリム部とディスク部が交差するクロス部、38はリム中央部である。なお、デザイン部32は図6(b)に示すように、スポーク部39と意匠穴39´からなる。車両の燃費向上の点から、ホイールの形状変更による軽量化が検討されている。この場合、ハブ部及びリム部は車体やタイヤとの取回しの点から大幅な形状変更はできないので、デザイン部の形状変更(例えば意匠穴の面積を大きくすることあるいはスポーク部を薄肉化すること)による軽量化が行われているが、大幅な軽量化は極めて困難である。
【0004】
上記ホイールを低圧鋳造で製造する場合、ハブ部31に湯口を設け、そこから溶湯を注入し、デザイン部32及びリム部34と溶湯をこの順に注入する方法(センターゲート法)あるいはリム部の端部(クロス部37)に複数(通常は2個)の湯口を設け、そこから溶湯を注入する方法(サイドゲート法)が採用されている。
センターゲート法では、溶湯充填後の凝固形態として、湯口の押し湯効果を十分に発揮させるために、リム部、デザイン部、ハブ部の順に指向性凝固を行わせている。しかしこの鋳造方法では、デザイン部は厚肉部と薄肉部が混在した複雑形状を有するので、リム部からディスク部に向かう指向性凝固を達成することが困難である。
一方、サイドゲート法では、デザイン部自体が、凝固し易いハブ部への溶湯補給通路として機能するので、デザイン部での良好な湯流れを確保するために、デザイン部は厚肉となり、この鋳造方法でもホイール全体の大幅な軽量化は困難である。
【0005】
上述した従来法の欠点を解消すべく、ディスク中心部(ハブ部)とリム端にそれぞれ湯口を設け、これらの湯口から金型内に注湯することが提案されている(例えば特開平5−269563号、同6−269923号参照)。この鋳造方法(3ゲート法)によれば、デザイン部の厚さを薄くしてもリム部からディスク部に向かう指向性凝固を達成できるので、ホイールの大幅な軽量化が可能となる。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述した3ゲート法により、軽量化ホイールは得られるが、実用上からいくつかの問題点がある。すなわち前記公報では、本来強度の点から十分に組織の微細化がなされていなければならない部位(クロス部及びフロントフランジ部)に湯口(サイドゲート)が設けられているので、機械的強度が不十分となり、強度不足を補うために意図している肉厚よりも厚くする必要がある。またリム部からディスク部に向う指向性凝固を達成するために、デザイン部に冷却手段を設けることが行われるが、これのみでは必ずしも良好な指向性凝固が行われるとは限らず、鋳造欠陥が発生し易い。
さらに前記公報では、センターゲートの高さとサイドゲートの高さとの間に差がないので、溶湯の充填時期に差がなく、溶湯がデザイン部で合流することになる。したがって下型冷却を行い、下型表面温度が350℃程度の低い温度になる場合には、デザイン面に湯境不良が発生する。下型表面温度が高く湯境不良が発生しない場合でも、溶湯がデザイン面で合流するので、溶湯中に酸化物やガスが巻き込まれるおそれがある。デザイン面が切削仕様であると、この酸化物のために外観不良が発生することがある。
【0007】
また、前記公報においては、鋳造後のサイドゲート除去作業について記載されていない。前記公報ではサイドゲートが図6のフロントフランジ部35に設けられている。溶湯が冷却してホイールが形成されると共にストーク内に戻りきらず冷却・凝固したサイドゲートが残留する。このサイドゲートの処理方法としてプラズマを用いた処理、切削処理、せん断処理、座屈処理等が上げられる。しかしプラズマを用いた処理では設備費、維持費の増大、オゾンの発生等による環境悪化が問題であり、切削処理では切り屑が発生して製造上困難である。また、せん断処理では非常に大きなせん断力を必要とするために設備が大きくなることや、安全性の欠除、騒音等の問題があり、実用的ではない。製造ライン構成を考慮した場合、座屈処理が最も簡便であり切粉もでない。
このサイドゲート除去作業の座屈処理の一例は以下のようにして行われる。まずホイールの成形体を所定の固定手段により固定し、サイドゲートを押して座屈させるための突出部を具備する押圧手段(図示せず)によりサイドゲートとホイール成形体との接合部近傍で座屈させるといった手段がもちいられる。この固定手段と押圧手段とは相互にスライド移動が可能である。押圧手段は座屈させるのに十分な力をサイドゲートに付与可能で、所定方向に座屈しやすいように所定の曲面形状の当接面を具備している。
しかし、フロントフランジ部は図6に示すように複雑かつ一部薄肉の断面形状である。よって上記のサイドゲート除去処理作業を行うとサイドゲート除去時にリム部の欠けが発生し、形状不良を起こすため慎重な作業が必要であった。また、サイドゲート除去時、リム部に応力がかかりすぎると熱処理の際ホイールの真円度が悪化するという問題がある。
【0008】
従って、本発明の目的は、高強度でかつ軽量化した車両用ホイールを得ることができる低圧鋳造法を提供することである。またさらにはサイドゲートの除去が容易な真円度の高い車両用ホイールの製造に適した低圧鋳造法を提供することである。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、第1の本発明においては、図4(b)に示すように、リム部並びにディスク部を有する車両用ホイールを低圧鋳造する方法において、フロントフランジ側のキャビティを金型の下側に配置した状態で鋳造し、ディスク部を形成するキャビティの中心部に湯口を設けると共に、リム部を形成するキャビティにも湯口を設け、かつ前記リム部を形成するキャビティに設けた湯口は、リム部を形成するキャビティとの接続部のRを含めない湯口の下端部とクロス部とリム部との境に設けたRを含めないクロス部の上端部とを離間させて(但し、湯口下端部のRの先端とクロス部上端部のRの先端とは距離t離間する)クロス部64から離れたリアフランジ側に接続されており、各湯口から溶湯を注入して当該キャビティに充填する、という技術的手段を採用した。本発明では、ディスク部を形成するキャビティの中心部に設けられた湯口はリム部を形成するキャビティに設けられた湯口よりも低い位置にあるので、ディスク部を形成するキャビティの中心部に設けられた湯口から注入された溶湯とリム部を形成するキャビティに設けられた湯口から注入された溶湯はデザイン面で合流せず、もって健全なデザイン面が得られる。また、高真円度のアルミホイールを鋳造することが可能である。
【0011】
例えば図4(a)に示す鋳造方案に於いても健全なデザイン面を具備する信頼性の高いアルミホイールを得ることは可能である。しかし本発明を適用することで更に高性能のホイールを得ることができる。図(a)の鋳造方案ではサイドゲートが図5(a)に示すようにリム部中央とクロス部との2辺でL字型に湯口とホイールキャビティが連結している。よってサイドゲートを座屈させて除去するには構造力学的に大きな力が必要となり、ホイールに多大な曲げ応力、せん断力がかかる。このホイールに熱処理を施すと、前記曲げ応力等の影響でホイールの真円度が悪化する可能性がある。本発明を適用することで図5(b)に示すようにサイドゲートとリム部中央との略直線状である接続断面形状となる。これによりサイドゲートを折り取る際のホイールにかかるひずみを低減し、高真円度を保つことが可能である。また、さらなる効果として、図5(a)の11dのようなクロス部と連通する湯口部がなくなるため、キャビティ下方向の湯流れ性を抑制し溶湯の円周方向の湯回り性を高めることができる。これによりデザイン面に湯境発生しなくなる。また円周方向で組織の偏りが小さくなり、周方向に強度のバラツキが少ないホイールとすることが可能である。
【0012】
サイドゲートの下端部からクロス部上端部までの距離が2mm以下では金型構造上の強度的な不安が残る。また、40mm以上ではサイドゲートからの溶湯がクロス部に回りきらず、クロス部でのひけ等による鋳造欠陥が多発しやすくなる。よってサイドゲートの下端からクロス部上端までの距離tは好ましくは2〜40mm、さらに好ましくは4〜20mm程度とする。通常サイドゲートの接続部近傍及びクロス部とリム部との境には湯回り性を向上するために適度(1〜20mm)のRを設ける。本願で述べるサイドゲート下端部およびクロス部上端部とはこのRを含めないサイドゲートの下端部、クロス部の上端部を示す。
【0013】
湯口とリム部キャビティとの接続部の幅wは30mm以下が好ましい。接続部は上記したようにサイドゲート端にRが設けられている。図5中では簡便に接続部にwを記載したが、接続部の幅wとはRを含まないサイドゲート側の幅を示すものである。wを30mm以上とするとサイドゲート除去作業時の応力が増大し、熱処理時のひずみにより不良品が多発する。逆に3mm以下ではキャビティへの溶湯注入量が制限され、湯回り不良を起こす。また、図5中の斜線部に示す接続部の高さは各々のホイールの形状に依存するが、本発明に記載したように実質的に一平面上にあり直線状となる接続形状となることが好ましい。例えば、図6におけるリム中央部38において外径がほぼ同一のリム部分が長ければ接続形状の高さも長くすることが可能である。また、リム中央部が外径が若干段差部を備えていても、リム中央部内の外径差が10mm以下の比較的なだらかな段差であれば問題ない。また、接続部近傍でサイドゲートの横幅に絞りを備えさせることでリム中央部のひけすの発生を抑制できるとともに、座屈させやすくなるなどの効果もある。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の詳細を図面により説明する。
図1は本発明を実施するための鋳造装置の要部を示す断面図、図2は図1のA−A矢視図、図3は図2のB−B矢視図(但し、横型と下型を上部から見た図)である。
図1において、1は金型であり、ホイールデザインに対応した種々の表面形状を有する下型2と、その上方に位置する上型3と、下型2及び上型3と嵌合してキャビティ6を形成するように左右に摺動可能な横型4、5とを備えている。下型2は、下型プラテン7に固定された下型ベース8上に設置されている。上型3は、上型ベース9にボルト10で固定されている。キャビティ6は、ディスク部キャビティ60とリム部キャビティ61からからなり、ディスク部キャビティ60はハブ部キャビティ62とデザイン部キャビティ63からなり、リム部キャビティ61はクロス部キャビティ64と中央部キャビティ65からなる。ハブ部キャビティ62及びクロス部キャビティ64、64には各々湯口11a、11b及び11cが形成され、各湯口は、湯道12a、12b及び12cを介してストーク13a、13b及び13cに連通している。湯口11b及び11cは、図2に示すように平面からみて湯口11aの両側に対称位置、すなわち各湯口の中心が同一直線上に位置するように配置されている。これらのストークの下端部は、溶湯が収容された密閉容器(図示せず)に挿入されている。下型2には、デザイン部キャビティ63に対応する位置に下型冷却通路14が設けられている。15は型割れ面である。
【0015】
上記構成による動作を説明する。まず密閉容器内の溶湯を加圧することにより、溶湯はストーク13a、13b及び13cから湯道12a、12b及び12cを経て、湯口11a、11b及び11cからキャビティ6内に充填される。
ここで湯口11aと、湯口11b、11cとの間には高低差があるので、湯口11aを通過する溶湯はデザイン部キャビティ63を充填し、湯口11b、11cを通過する溶湯はリム部キャビティ61を充填する。即ち溶湯はリム部キャビティ61で合流する。所定時間経過後、加圧を解除すると、各ストーク内の溶湯は密閉容器内に戻り、キャビティ6内の溶湯が凝固して、図6に示すホイールが得られる。
【0016】
上記の鋳造工程における溶湯の凝固過程を詳述すると、次の通りである。湯口11b、11c(サイドゲート)からキャビティ6内に注入された溶湯は、リム部キャビティ65の上端からその下端に向って凝固が進行する。一方、湯口11a(センターゲート)からディスク部キャビティ60に注入された溶湯は、デザイン部キャビティ63からハブ部キャビティ62に向って凝固が進行する。従ってデザイン部キャビティ63に湯流れ機能や溶湯補給機能を持たせるまでもなく、鋳造方案上ホイールデザイン部の薄肉化が可能となる。またデザイン部から凝固が始まるので、デザイン部の組織が微細となり、高強度を維持できる。
しかも本発明では、サイドゲート(湯口11b、11c)は、リム端を避けた位置に設けられているので、フロントフランジあるいはリムの中央といった高強度を要する部位の組織が微細になり、もって強度上からみてもデザイン部の薄肉化が可能となる。
【0017】
また本発明では、上述したようにセンターゲートとサイドゲートとの間に高低差があるので、溶湯はデザイン部を避けた位置(リム部)で合流し、もって建全なデザイン面を得ることができる。もちろん本発明によれば、各湯口からの流動長が短くなり、また凝固時間も短縮されるので、鋳造サイクルタイムの短縮といった生産性向上の効果もある。
【0018】
その他、サイドゲートの除去作業時に所定量のひずみがかかると熱処理時にホイールがその影響をうけて真円度を阻害する。しかし本願の鋳造方法のようにサイドゲートとリム部との接続部は実質的に一平面上かつ直線形状とし、構造力学的に弱い力で座屈しやすい鋳造形状とした。これにより熱処理を施しても真円度が保たれたホイールを製造することが可能である。例えば、サイドゲートをクロス部キャビティ64の上方で接する位置[図4(a)]に設けるよりも、クロス部キャビティ64から離れた位置[図4(b)]に設けることで、サイドゲートを取り去る際のホイールにかかる応力を低減できる。また、[図4(a)]に示す位置よりも周方向の湯回り性能を向上し、溶湯のキャビティ中の落下を抑制する効果があるため、湯境がデザイン部でさらに発生しにくい。サイドゲートをリム部キャビティ61の端部[図4(c)の実線で示す位置]あるいはクロス部キャビティ64の側面[図4(c)の破線で示す位置]に設けると、デザイン面に湯境が発生するので不都合である。
【0019】
【実施例】
以下、実施例及び比較例により本発明を更に具体的に説明する。
参考例1)図1に示す鋳造装置を使用し、Al−Si−Mg系合金(JIS AC4CH)の溶湯(約450℃)を金型(約480℃に加熱)に注入して(圧力0.5〜0.7kg/cm)、図6に示す形状のアルミホイールを鋳造した。
(実施例2)サイドゲートを図4(b)に示す位置(サイドゲート下端とクロス部上端との距離t=2mm)に設けた鋳造装置を使用した以外は参考例1と同様の条件でアルミホイールを鋳造した。
(実施例3)サイドゲートを図4(b)に示す位置(サイドゲート下端とクロス部上端との距離t=10mm)に設けた鋳造装置を使用した以外は参考例1と同様の条件でアルミホイールを鋳造した。
(実施例4)サイドゲートを図4(b)に示す位置に設け、かつサイドゲートに絞りを設けて、接続部分の幅wを実施例3の2/3(10mm)とした鋳造装置を使用した以外は実施例3と同様の条件でアルミホイールを鋳造した。
(比較例1)サイドゲートを図4(c)の実線で示す位置に設けた鋳造装置を使用した以外は参考例1と同様の条件でアルミホイールを鋳造した。
(比較例2)サイドゲートを図4(c)の破線で示す位置に設けた以外は参考例1と同様の条件で鋳造した。
(比較例3)サイドゲート[図4(a)に示す位置]のみから溶湯を金型に注入した以外は参考例1と同様の条件でアルミホイールを鋳造した。
(比較例4)サイドゲート[図4(b)に示す位置]のみから溶湯を金型に注入した以外は実施例1と同様の条件でアルミホイールを鋳造した。上記各例のアルミホイールについて、デザイン面の湯境の有無を目視で観察し、またフロントフランジ部及びリム中央部から試料を切出し、衝撃テストを行った。その結果を表1に示す。また各アルミホイールの重量、鋳造サイクルタイム、およびサイドゲート除去の際の押圧手段にかかる応力も測定し、それらの結果(但し、比較例4を1とした場合の比率で示す)も同じく表1に示す。
【0020】
【表1】

Figure 0004465642
【0021】
表1から、3ゲート方式(参考例1、実施例2〜4及び比較例1、2)の低圧鋳造法によれば、サイドゲート方式(比較例3、4)の方法よりもアルミホイールを10%以上軽量化することができ、また鋳造サイクルタイムも大幅に短縮できることがわかる。また3ゲート方式でしかも、サイドゲートをフロントフランジ部から離れかつクロス部に隣接する位置に設けた場合(参考例1)は、デザイン面に湯境の発生がなくしかも衝撃テストの結果も良好であるが、サイドゲートをクロス部と完全に離別した状態でリム部中央に設けた場合は(実施例2〜4)、最終製品形状にまで影響を及ぼすサイドゲート除去の際に発生するひずみをさらに極力低減することができる。対して、3ゲート方式でも、サイドゲートをリム端(比較例1)またはスポークつけ根(比較例2)に設けた場合は、デザイン面に湯境が発生し、またリム端(比較例1)に設けた場合は、機械的強度が低下することがわかる。
【0022】
【発明の効果】
以上に記述の如く、本発明によれば、キャビティの特定位置に複数の湯口を設けかつ指向性凝固を促進する金型構造としたので、デザイン面が建全で、高強度でかつ軽量化した車両用ホイールを得ることができる。また、サイドゲートの除去作業の際のホイールにかかる曲げ応力を低減できる金型構造としたので真円度の高い車両用ホイールを得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施例に係る鋳造装置の要部を示す断面図である。
【図2】図1のA−A矢視図である。
【図3】図2のB−B矢視図である。
【図4】サイドゲートの位置を示す概略図(a)、(b)、(c)である。
【図5】サイドゲートとホイールキャビティとの接続部を示す概略図(a)、(b)である。
【図6】アルミホイールの断面図(a)、同平面図(b)である。
【符号の説明】
1 金型、2 下型、3 上型、4,5 横型、6 キャビティ
11a,11b,11c 湯口、30 ホイール[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of low-pressure casting a light alloy vehicle wheel in a mold cavity.
[0002]
[Prior art]
There are various materials and structures for automobile road wheels. For the purpose of reducing the weight and improving the appearance and design of automobiles, the ratio of mounting light alloy wheels such as aluminum wheels has increased. Yes. This light alloy wheel is often manufactured by a low pressure casting method. That is, in the low pressure casting method, the molten metal is filled into the mold cavity at a low speed, so that gas entrainment and oxide generation are suppressed as much as possible as compared with other casting methods.
[0003]
Generally, as shown in FIG. 6, a light alloy wheel 30 includes a thick hub portion 31 attached to an axle by bolts and nuts, a disc portion 33 including a design portion 32 in which a thick portion and a thin portion are mixed, and a tire. It is composed of a thin rim portion 34 to be attached. In FIG. 6A, 35 is a front flange part, 36 is a rear flange part, 37 is a cross part where the rim part and the disk part intersect, and 38 is a rim center part. As shown in FIG. 6B, the design part 32 includes a spoke part 39 and a design hole 39 ′. From the viewpoint of improving the fuel efficiency of vehicles, weight reduction by changing the shape of the wheel has been studied. In this case, the hub part and the rim part cannot be remarkably changed in terms of handling with the vehicle body or the tire, so the shape change of the design part (for example, the area of the design hole is increased or the spoke part is thinned). However, it is extremely difficult to reduce the weight significantly.
[0004]
When the wheel is manufactured by low-pressure casting, a pouring gate is provided in the hub portion 31 and molten metal is poured therefrom, and the design portion 32 and the rim portion 34 and the molten metal are poured in this order (center gate method) or the end of the rim portion. A method (side gate method) in which a plurality of (usually two) gates are provided in the section (cross section 37) and molten metal is injected therefrom is adopted.
In the center gate method, directional solidification is performed in the order of the rim portion, the design portion, and the hub portion in order to sufficiently exhibit the effect of the hot water pouring as a solidification form after filling the molten metal. However, in this casting method, the design part has a complicated shape in which a thick part and a thin part are mixed, so that it is difficult to achieve directional solidification from the rim part to the disk part.
On the other hand, in the side gate method, the design part itself functions as a molten metal replenishment passage to the hub part that is easily solidified, so that the design part is thick in order to ensure a good hot water flow in the design part. Even with this method, it is difficult to significantly reduce the weight of the entire wheel.
[0005]
In order to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional method, it has been proposed to provide pouring gates at the center of the disk (hub portion) and the rim, respectively, and to pour molten metal from these pouring gates into the mold (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 5- 269563, 6-269923). According to this casting method (3-gate method), directional solidification from the rim portion toward the disc portion can be achieved even if the thickness of the design portion is reduced, so that the weight of the wheel can be significantly reduced.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Although the weight reduction wheel can be obtained by the above-described three-gate method, there are some problems in practical use. That is, in the above publication, since the gate (side gate) is provided at a portion (cross portion and front flange portion) where the structure must be sufficiently refined from the viewpoint of strength, mechanical strength is insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to make it thicker than the intended thickness in order to compensate for the lack of strength. Further, in order to achieve directional solidification from the rim portion toward the disk portion, a cooling means is provided in the design portion, but this alone does not necessarily provide good directional solidification, and casting defects are not always achieved. It is easy to generate.
Further, in the above publication, there is no difference between the height of the center gate and the height of the side gate, so there is no difference in the filling time of the molten metal, and the molten metal joins at the design part. Therefore, when the lower mold is cooled and the lower mold surface temperature becomes a low temperature of about 350 ° C., a poor water boundary occurs on the design surface. Even when the surface temperature of the lower mold is high and no poor boundary occurs, the molten metal joins in the design, so that oxides and gases may be caught in the molten metal. If the design surface is a cutting specification, appearance defects may occur due to this oxide.
[0007]
Further, the above publication does not describe the side gate removal work after casting. In the above publication, a side gate is provided in the front flange portion 35 of FIG. The molten metal cools to form a wheel and the cooled and solidified side gate remains without returning to the stalk. Examples of the processing method for the side gate include plasma processing, cutting processing, shearing processing, buckling processing, and the like. However, in the treatment using plasma, there are problems such as an increase in equipment costs, an increase in maintenance costs, and environmental deterioration due to the generation of ozone, and in the cutting treatment, chips are generated and it is difficult to manufacture. Further, since the shearing process requires a very large shearing force, the equipment becomes large, there are problems such as lack of safety, noise, and the like, which is not practical. When considering the production line configuration, the buckling process is the simplest and there is no chips.
An example of the buckling process of the side gate removing operation is performed as follows. First, the molded body of the wheel is fixed by a predetermined fixing means, and buckled in the vicinity of the joint portion between the side gate and the molded wheel body by a pressing means (not shown) having a protrusion for pushing the side gate to buckle. It is possible to use means such as The fixing means and the pressing means can slide relative to each other. The pressing means can apply a sufficient force to the side gate to buckle, and has a predetermined curved contact surface so as to easily buckle in a predetermined direction.
However, the front flange portion has a complicated and partially thin sectional shape as shown in FIG. Therefore, when the above side gate removal processing operation is performed, the rim portion is chipped when the side gate is removed, which causes a shape defect, and thus a careful operation is necessary. Further, when the side gate is removed, if the rim portion is excessively stressed, there is a problem that the roundness of the wheel is deteriorated during the heat treatment.
[0008]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a low pressure casting method capable of obtaining a vehicle wheel with high strength and reduced weight. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a low pressure casting method suitable for manufacturing a vehicle wheel with high roundness in which a side gate can be easily removed.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4B, in the method of low-pressure casting a vehicle wheel having a rim portion and a disc portion, the cavity on the front flange side is made of gold. Casting in a state of being placed under the mold, a gate is provided at the center of the cavity forming the disk portion, a gate is also provided in the cavity forming the rim portion, and provided in the cavity forming the rim portion The sprue is spaced apart from the lower end of the sprue that does not include R of the connecting portion with the cavity that forms the rim portion, and the upper end of the cross portion that does not include R provided at the boundary between the cross portion and the rim portion (however, , sprue spaced distance t from the front end of the lower end of the tip and the cross section upper end of the R R) is connected to the rear flange side remote from the cross portion 64, the cavity by injecting molten metal from the sprue Employing the technical means that, for filling. In the present invention, since the gate provided at the center of the cavity forming the disk portion is located lower than the gate provided at the cavity forming the rim portion, it is provided at the center of the cavity forming the disk portion. The molten metal injected from the molten metal pouring gate and the molten metal injected from the pouring gate provided in the cavity forming the rim portion do not merge on the design surface, so that a sound design surface can be obtained. It is also possible to cast a high roundness aluminum wheel.
[0011]
For example, even in the casting method shown in FIG. 4A, it is possible to obtain a highly reliable aluminum wheel having a sound design surface. However, a higher performance wheel can be obtained by applying the present invention. In the casting method of FIG. 4 (a), the side gate is connected to the gate and the wheel cavity in an L shape at the two sides of the center of the rim and the cross as shown in FIG. 5 (a). Therefore, in order to buckle and remove the side gate, a large structural mechanical force is required, and a large bending stress and shearing force are applied to the wheel. When this wheel is heat-treated, the roundness of the wheel may deteriorate due to the influence of the bending stress or the like. By applying the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5B, a connection cross-sectional shape that is a substantially straight shape between the side gate and the center of the rim portion is obtained. As a result, it is possible to reduce the strain applied to the wheel when the side gate is folded and to maintain high roundness. Also, as a further effect, since there is no cross-section and the sprue communicating as 11d in FIG. 5 (a), it suppresses the fluidity of the cavity under the direction to increase the circumferential molten metal of the molten metal Can do. As a result, no hot water boundary is generated on the design side. Further, it is possible to obtain a wheel in which the unevenness of the tissue is reduced in the circumferential direction and the strength is less varied in the circumferential direction.
[0012]
If the distance from the lower end portion of the side gate to the upper end portion of the cross portion is 2 mm or less, there is an uneasy strength on the mold structure. In addition, when the thickness is 40 mm or more, the molten metal from the side gate does not completely reach the cross portion, and casting defects due to sink marks or the like at the cross portion tend to occur frequently. Therefore, the distance t from the lower end of the side gate to the upper end of the cross part is preferably 2 to 40 mm, more preferably about 4 to 20 mm. Usually, an appropriate R (1 to 20 mm) is provided in the vicinity of the connecting portion of the side gate and at the boundary between the cross portion and the rim portion in order to improve the hot water supply property. The side gate lower end portion and the cross portion upper end portion described in the present application indicate the lower end portion of the side gate not including this R and the upper end portion of the cross portion.
[0013]
The width w of the connecting portion between the gate and the rim cavity is preferably 30 mm or less. As described above, the connecting portion is provided with R at the side gate end. In FIG. 5, w is simply described in the connection portion, but the width w of the connection portion indicates the width on the side gate side not including R. When w is 30 mm or more, the stress during the side gate removing operation increases, and defective products frequently occur due to the strain during the heat treatment. On the other hand, if the thickness is 3 mm or less, the amount of molten metal injected into the cavity is limited, resulting in poor hot water. Further, the height of the connecting portion indicated by the hatched portion in FIG. 5 depends on the shape of each wheel, but as described in the present invention, the connecting shape is substantially on a single plane and is linear. Is preferred. For example, if the rim portion having substantially the same outer diameter is long in the rim center portion 38 in FIG. 6, the height of the connection shape can be increased. Even if the rim center part has a slightly stepped outer diameter, there is no problem as long as the difference in the outer diameter in the rim center part is a comparatively gentle step of 10 mm or less. In addition, by providing a diaphragm in the lateral width of the side gate in the vicinity of the connecting portion, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of sink marks at the center of the rim and to have an effect of making it easier to buckle.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the details of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 is a cross-sectional view showing the main part of a casting apparatus for carrying out the present invention, FIG. 2 is a view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a view taken along the line BB in FIG. It is the figure which looked at the lower mold from the upper part).
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a mold, and a lower mold 2 having various surface shapes corresponding to a wheel design, an upper mold 3 positioned above the lower mold 2, and a lower mold 2 and an upper mold 3 are fitted to the cavity. The horizontal molds 4 and 5 are slidable to the left and right so as to form 6. The lower mold 2 is installed on a lower mold base 8 fixed to the lower mold platen 7. The upper die 3 is fixed to the upper die base 9 with bolts 10. The cavity 6 includes a disk part cavity 60 and a rim part cavity 61. The disk part cavity 60 includes a hub part cavity 62 and a design part cavity 63. The rim part cavity 61 includes a cross part cavity 64 and a central part cavity 65. . The hub portion cavity 62 and the cross portion cavities 64 and 64 are formed with gates 11a, 11b and 11c, respectively, and the gates communicate with the stalks 13a, 13b and 13c via the runners 12a, 12b and 12c. As shown in FIG. 2, the gates 11b and 11c are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the gate 11a as viewed from above, that is, the centers of the gates are located on the same straight line. The lower end portions of these stalks are inserted into a sealed container (not shown) in which the molten metal is accommodated. The lower mold 2 is provided with a lower mold cooling passage 14 at a position corresponding to the design portion cavity 63. Reference numeral 15 denotes a mold breaking surface.
[0015]
The operation of the above configuration will be described. First, by pressurizing the molten metal in the sealed container, the molten metal is filled into the cavity 6 from the gates 11a, 11b and 11c through the runners 12a, 12b and 12c from the stalks 13a, 13b and 13c.
Here, since there is a height difference between the gate 11a and the gates 11b and 11c, the molten metal passing through the gate 11a fills the design portion cavity 63, and the molten metal passing through the gates 11b and 11c passes through the rim portion cavity 61. Fill. That is, the molten metal joins at the rim cavity 61. When the pressurization is released after a lapse of a predetermined time, the molten metal in each stalk returns to the sealed container, and the molten metal in the cavity 6 is solidified to obtain the wheel shown in FIG.
[0016]
It is as follows when the solidification process of the molten metal in said casting process is explained in full detail. The molten metal poured into the cavity 6 from the gates 11b and 11c (side gates) is solidified from the upper end of the rim portion cavity 65 toward the lower end thereof. On the other hand, the molten metal injected from the gate 11a (center gate) into the disk portion cavity 60 is solidified from the design portion cavity 63 toward the hub portion cavity 62. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide the design portion cavity 63 with a hot water flow function or a molten metal replenishment function, and the wheel design portion can be made thinner in terms of the casting method. In addition, since the solidification starts from the design part, the structure of the design part becomes fine and high strength can be maintained.
In addition, in the present invention, the side gates (pouring gates 11b and 11c) are provided at positions avoiding the rim ends, so that the structure of a portion requiring high strength, such as the front flange or the center of the rim, becomes fine, thereby increasing the strength. From the perspective, the design part can be made thinner.
[0017]
In the present invention, since there is a difference in height between the center gate and the side gate as described above, the molten metal can be merged at a position (rim portion) away from the design portion, thereby obtaining a complete design surface. it can. Of course, according to the present invention, since the flow length from each gate is shortened and the solidification time is shortened, there is an effect of improving productivity such as shortening the casting cycle time.
[0018]
In addition, if a predetermined amount of strain is applied during the side gate removal operation, the wheel is affected during heat treatment and the roundness is hindered. However, as in the casting method of the present application, the connecting portion between the side gate and the rim portion is substantially flat and linear, and is easily casted with a weak structural mechanical force. As a result, it is possible to produce a wheel that maintains its roundness even after heat treatment. For example, position contacting the side gate at the upper cross section the cavity 64 than Keru set in FIG. 4 (a)], by providing a position away from the cross-section cavity 64 FIG 4 (b)], the side gate The stress applied to the wheel during removal can be reduced. Further, since the hot water performance in the circumferential direction is improved as compared with the position shown in FIG. 4A and the molten metal is prevented from falling in the cavity, the hot water boundary is less likely to occur in the design portion. When the side gate is provided at the end of the rim cavity 61 [position shown by a solid line in FIG. 4C] or the side surface of the cross cavity 64 [position shown by a broken line in FIG. This is inconvenient.
[0019]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples.
( Reference Example 1) Using the casting apparatus shown in FIG. 1, a molten Al-Si-Mg alloy (JIS AC4CH) (about 450 ° C) was poured into a mold (heated to about 480 ° C) (pressure 0) 0.5 to 0.7 kg / cm 2 ), an aluminum wheel having the shape shown in FIG. 6 was cast.
(Example 2) Aluminum was used under the same conditions as in Reference Example 1 except that a casting apparatus having a side gate provided at the position shown in FIG. 4B (distance t = 2 mm between the lower end of the side gate and the upper end of the cross portion) was used. The wheel was cast.
(Example 3) Aluminum was used under the same conditions as in Reference Example 1 except that a casting apparatus in which the side gate was provided at the position shown in FIG. 4B (distance t = 10 mm between the lower end of the side gate and the upper end of the cross portion) was used. The wheel was cast.
(Example 4) A casting apparatus is used in which a side gate is provided at the position shown in FIG. 4B and a restriction is provided on the side gate so that the width w of the connecting portion is 2/3 (10 mm) of Example 3. An aluminum wheel was cast under the same conditions as in Example 3 except that.
(Comparative Example 1) An aluminum wheel was cast under the same conditions as in Reference Example 1 except that a casting apparatus having a side gate provided at the position indicated by the solid line in FIG.
Comparative Example 2 Casting was performed under the same conditions as in Reference Example 1 except that the side gate was provided at the position indicated by the broken line in FIG.
Comparative Example 3 An aluminum wheel was cast under the same conditions as in Reference Example 1 except that the molten metal was injected into the mold only from the side gate [position shown in FIG. 4 (a)].
(Comparative Example 4) An aluminum wheel was cast under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the molten metal was injected into the mold only from the side gate [position shown in FIG. 4 (b)]. About the aluminum wheel of each said example, the presence or absence of the hot water boundary of a design surface was observed visually, the sample was cut out from the front flange part and the rim center part, and the impact test was done. The results are shown in Table 1. Also, the weight of each aluminum wheel, the casting cycle time, and the stress applied to the pressing means at the time of removing the side gate were measured, and the results (however, the ratio is shown by the ratio when Comparative Example 4 is 1) are also shown in Table 1. Shown in
[0020]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004465642
[0021]
According to Table 1, according to the low-pressure casting method of the three-gate method ( Reference Example 1, Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2), 10 aluminum wheels are used as compared with the side-gate method (Comparative Examples 3 and 4). It can be seen that the weight can be reduced by more than%, and the casting cycle time can be greatly shortened. In addition, when the 3-gate method is used and the side gate is provided at a position that is separated from the front flange portion and adjacent to the cross portion ( Reference Example 1), there is no generation of a hot water boundary on the design surface and the result of the impact test is also good. However, when the side gate is provided in the center of the rim part in a state of being completely separated from the cross part (Examples 2 to 4), the strain generated when removing the side gate that affects the final product shape is further increased. It can be reduced as much as possible. On the other hand, even in the case of the 3-gate method, when the side gate is provided at the rim end (Comparative Example 1) or at the base of the spoke (Comparative Example 2), a hot water boundary is generated on the design surface and the rim end (Comparative Example 1). When provided, it can be seen that the mechanical strength decreases.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, a mold structure that provides a plurality of gates at a specific position of the cavity and promotes directional solidification, the design surface is complete, high strength and light weight. A vehicle wheel can be obtained. In addition, since the mold structure can reduce the bending stress applied to the wheel during the side gate removing operation, a vehicle wheel with high roundness can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part of a casting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view taken in the direction of arrows AA in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a view taken along arrow BB in FIG. 2;
FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic views (a), (b), and (c) showing positions of side gates.
FIGS. 5A and 5B are schematic views (a) and (b) showing a connection portion between a side gate and a wheel cavity. FIGS.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view (a) and a plan view (b) of an aluminum wheel.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 mold, 2 lower mold, 3 upper mold, 4,5 horizontal mold, 6 cavity 11a, 11b, 11c gate, 30 wheel

Claims (3)

リム部並びにディスク部を有する車両用ホイールを低圧鋳造する方法において、フロントフランジ側のキャビティを金型の下側に配置した状態で鋳造し、ディスク部を形成するキャビティの中心部に湯口を設けると共に、リム部を形成するキャビティにも湯口を設け、かつ前記リム部を形成するキャビティに設けた湯口はリム部を形成するキャビティとの接続部のRを含めない湯口の下端部とクロス部64とリム部との境に設けたRを含めないクロス部64の上端部とを離間させて(但し、湯口下端部のRの先端とクロス部上端部のRの先端とは距離t離間する)クロス部64から離れたリアフランジ側に接続されており、各湯口から溶湯を注入して当該キャビティに充填することを特徴とする車両用ホイールの低圧鋳造方法。In a method for low-pressure casting of a vehicle wheel having a rim portion and a disc portion, casting is performed in a state where a cavity on the front flange side is arranged on the lower side of a mold, and a gate is provided at the center of the cavity forming the disc portion. The gate that forms the rim portion is also provided with a gate, and the gate formed in the cavity that forms the rim portion includes the lower end portion of the gate and the cross portion 64 that does not include R of the connection portion with the cavity that forms the rim portion. The cross provided at the boundary with the rim part is separated from the upper end of the cross part 64 not including R (however, the tip of R at the lower end of the gate and the tip of R at the upper end of the cross part are separated by a distance t) A low-pressure casting method for a vehicle wheel, characterized in that it is connected to a rear flange side away from the portion 64 and injects molten metal from each gate to fill the cavity. 前記リム部を形成するキャビティに設けられた湯口は、リアフランジより下側でキャビティ面に開口していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用ホイールの低圧鋳造方法。  2. The low-pressure casting method for a vehicle wheel according to claim 1, wherein the gate provided in the cavity forming the rim portion is opened to the cavity surface below the rear flange. 前記リム部を形成するキャビティに設けられた湯口は、クロス部と2〜40mm離れた位置で開口していることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の車両用ホイールの低圧鋳造方法。  The low pressure casting method for a vehicle wheel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a gate provided in a cavity forming the rim portion is opened at a position 2 to 40 mm away from the cross portion.
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