JP4454966B2 - Electric motor control device - Google Patents

Electric motor control device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4454966B2
JP4454966B2 JP2003167275A JP2003167275A JP4454966B2 JP 4454966 B2 JP4454966 B2 JP 4454966B2 JP 2003167275 A JP2003167275 A JP 2003167275A JP 2003167275 A JP2003167275 A JP 2003167275A JP 4454966 B2 JP4454966 B2 JP 4454966B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
torque command
torque
speed
output
controller
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JP2003167275A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2005006408A (en
Inventor
善久 北条
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Toyo Electric Manufacturing Ltd
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Toyo Electric Manufacturing Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、電動機のトルク制御を行う制御装置における逆方向回転防止装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来の技術を図3に示し、図3に基づいて従来の技術を説明する。
図3はトルク指令発生器9によるトルク指令に応じたトルクを永久磁石同期電動機1により出力し、正方向回転のみを許可し、逆方向回転は防止する制御装置である。
【0003】
永久磁石同期電動機1は、電力変換器2により電力を供給される。電力変換器2は電圧指令生成器4により生成された電圧指令の電圧を出力する。回転子位置演算器3は、永久磁石同期電動機1の回転子の永久磁石の磁束の方向であるd軸位置を出力する。電圧指令生成器4は、トルク制御器5より出力される操作量から回転子位置演算器3により出力される回転子位置に応じた電圧指令を生成する。トルク制御器5はトルク指令より電流指令を演算し、永久磁石同期電動機1に流れる電流と前記電流指令が一致するような操作量を出力する。
【0004】
電流指令の生成は、トルク指令より以下のように生成される。
永久磁石同期電動機1のトルク式は(1)式で表される。
【0005】
【数1】

Figure 0004454966
【0006】
ここでφは永久磁石の磁束である。idは永久磁石の磁束の方向と同方向の電流成分であり、トルク指令Tを出力するための実効値電流が最小となる値が選ばれ、iqは永久磁石の磁束の方向と直交する方向の電流成分でありトルク指令Tを出力するための値が(1)式より演算される。Ldは永久磁石の磁束の方向と同方向のインダクタンス成分、Lqは永久磁石の磁束の方向と直交する方向のインダクタンス成分であり永久磁石同期電動機1の固有の定数である。
【0007】
速度演算器10は永久磁石同期電動機1の回転速度を演算する。回転方向検出器7は速度演算器10の出力より永久磁石同期電動機1の回転方向を検出し正方向回転の場合は1を逆方向回転の場合は−1を出力する。鉄損・機械損補償器6は(1)式では表現されていない鉄損や機械損により損失となるトルク分を回転方向検出器7の符号を乗じて加算する。
【0008】
トルク指令切替器8は、回転方向検出器7の出力が逆方向回転でトルク指令発生器9のトルク指令が逆転方向回転の力行である場合、トルク指令をゼロに切り替え、永久磁石同期電動機1の出力トルクを抑え、逆方向回転に加速することを防止する。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述したように従来技術においては、逆方向回転を検出した際にトルク指令をゼロとすることで逆方向回転の防止している。しかしながら鉄損・機械損の補償量が過補償があったり、回転子位置演算に誤差を生じた場合、トルク指令をゼロにしても、永久磁石同期電動機から出力されるトルクはゼロとならず場合によっては逆方向回転に加速してしまうことがある。
【0010】
[課題を解決するための手段]上記問題点を解決するために、以下の手段を用いる
【0011】
求項にかかる本発明では、電動機をトルク制御する電力変換器の制御装置で、トルク指令発生器より出力されるトルク指令に応じたトルクを前記電動機より出力させるトルク制御器、前記電動機の速度を演算する速度演算器、前記速度演算器の出力をフィードバックしゼロ速度に制御するためのトルク指令を出力する速度制御器、前記トルク指令発生器からのトルク指令と前記速度制御器からのトルク指令を選択するトルク指令切替器を具備し、正方向回転のみを許可し、逆方向回転を防止する制御装置であって、前記速度制御器のトルク指令と前記トルク指令発生器のトルク指令を比較し大きい方を出力するトルク指令比較器を具備し、前記トルク指令切替器では前記速度演算器の出力が正方向回転の場合は前記トルク指令発生器からのトルク指令を選択し、前記速度演算器の出力が逆方向回転の場合は前記トルク指令比較器からのトルク指令を選択する。
【0012】
請求項にかかる本発明では、請求項1において、前記トルク指令切替器は、前記トルク指令比較器からのトルク指令の状態で前記速度演算器の出力が正方向回転の規定速度を超過した時点で前記トルク指令発生器のトルク指令に切り替える
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1に本発明を永久磁石同期電動機に適用した実施例を示し、図1に基づいて本発明の詳細な説明をする。
永久磁石同期電動機1、電力変換器2、回転子位置演算器3、電圧指令生成器4、トルク制御器5、鉄損・機械損補償器6、トルク指令発生器9は従来の技術と同様の役割を果たすので説明を省略する。
【0014】
速度制御器11は、速度演算器10の出力をフィードバックし、速度をゼロに制御するためのトルク指令を出力する。トルク指令比較器12は、トルク指令発生器9のトルク指令と速度制御器11のトルク指令の大きい方を出力する。
【0015】
トルク指令切替器の動作を図2に基づいて説明する。
期間1では速度演算器10の出力が正で回転方向検出器7の出力が正方向回転となっておりトルク制御器5の入力はトルク指令発生器9のトルク指令となる。
期間2では速度演算器10の出力が負となり回転方向検出器7の出力が逆方向回転となった時点でトルク制御器5の入力はトルク指令発生器9のトルク指令からトルク指令比較器12のトルク指令に切り替わり、トルク指令比較器12からは、トルク指令発生器9のトルク指令と速度制御器11のトルク指令の大きいほうが出力される。速度演算器10の出力が正方向回転の規定速度N1を超過した時点でトルク制御器5に入力されるトルク指令はトルク指令比較器12のトルク指令からトルク指令発生器9のトルク指令に切り替わる。期間2から期間3に移行する状態では、期間3のトルク制御器5の入力はトルク指令比較器12のトルク指令となり、期間4から期間3に移行する状態では、期間3のトルク制御器5の入力はトルク指令発生器9のトルク指令となる。起動直後で逆方向回転を検出されていない場合でもトルク制御器5の入力はトルク指令発生器9のトルク指令となる。
【0016】
このように逆方向回転を検出した時点でゼロ速度制御を行う速度制御器11のトルク指令に切り替えるので通常ではトルク制御を行っている制御装置においても逆方向回転を防止することが可能となる。
【0017】
正方向回転を防止させる場合は、回転方向検出器7の出力が正方向回転となった時点でトルク制御器5の入力は、トルク指令発生器9のトルク指令からトルク指令比較器12のトルク指令に切り替わる。トルク指令比較器12はトルク指令発生器9のトルク指令と速度制御器11のトルク指令の小さいほうが出力される。速度演算器10の出力が逆方向回転の規定速度を超過した時点でトルク制御器5に入力されるトルク指令はトルク指令比較器12のトルク指令からトルク指令発生器9のトルク指令に切り替わる。
【0018】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、電動機のトルク制御を行う制御装置において、鉄損・機械損の過補償があったり、回転子位置演算に誤差が生じた場合においても、逆方向回転を防止することができ、システムの信頼性を向上に寄与する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は、本発明の実施例を表したブロック図である。
【図2】図2は、トルク指令切替器8の動作図である。
【図3】図3はトルク制御時における逆方向回転防止の従来技術の一例を表したブロック図である。
【符号の説明】
1・・・永久磁石同期電動機
2・・・電力変換器
3・・・回転子位置演算器
4・・・電圧指令生成器
5・・・トルク制御器
6・・・鉄損・機械損補償器
7・・・回転方向検出器
8・・・トルク指令切替器
9・・・トルク指令発生器
10・・・速度演算器
11・・・速度制御器
12・・・トルク指令比較器[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a reverse rotation prevention device in a control device that performs torque control of an electric motor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The conventional technique is shown in FIG. 3, and the conventional technique will be described based on FIG.
FIG. 3 shows a control device that outputs torque according to the torque command from the torque command generator 9 by the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1, permits only forward rotation, and prevents reverse rotation.
[0003]
The permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 is supplied with power by the power converter 2. The power converter 2 outputs the voltage command voltage generated by the voltage command generator 4. The rotor position calculator 3 outputs a d-axis position that is the direction of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet of the rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1. The voltage command generator 4 generates a voltage command corresponding to the rotor position output from the rotor position calculator 3 from the operation amount output from the torque controller 5. The torque controller 5 calculates a current command from the torque command and outputs an operation amount such that the current flowing through the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 matches the current command.
[0004]
The generation of the current command is generated as follows from the torque command.
The torque equation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 is expressed by equation (1).
[0005]
[Expression 1]
Figure 0004454966
[0006]
Here, φ is the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet. id is a current component in the same direction as the direction of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet, a value that minimizes the effective current for outputting the torque command T is selected, and iq is a direction perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet. A value for outputting the torque command T, which is a current component, is calculated from the equation (1). Ld is an inductance component in the same direction as the direction of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet, Lq is an inductance component in a direction orthogonal to the direction of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet, and is a constant specific to the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1.
[0007]
The speed calculator 10 calculates the rotational speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1. The rotation direction detector 7 detects the rotation direction of the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 from the output of the speed calculator 10 and outputs 1 for forward rotation and -1 for reverse rotation. The iron loss / mechanical loss compensator 6 multiplies the amount of torque that is lost due to iron loss or mechanical loss that is not expressed in the equation (1) by multiplying the sign of the rotation direction detector 7 and adds the torque.
[0008]
The torque command switching unit 8 switches the torque command to zero when the output of the rotation direction detector 7 is reverse rotation and the torque command of the torque command generator 9 is power rotation of rotation in the reverse direction, and the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1 Reduce output torque and prevent acceleration in reverse direction.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, in the prior art, the reverse rotation is prevented by setting the torque command to zero when the reverse rotation is detected. However, if the compensation amount of iron loss / mechanical loss is over-compensated or an error occurs in the rotor position calculation, the torque output from the permanent magnet synchronous motor will not become zero even if the torque command is set to zero. Depending on the situation, it may accelerate to reverse rotation.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above problems , the following means are used .
[0011]
In such present invention Motomeko 1, the control device for a power converter for torque control of the electric motor, a torque controller for a torque corresponding to the torque command output from the torque command generator output from the electric motor, the electric motor A speed calculator for calculating the speed, a speed controller for outputting a torque command for controlling the output of the speed calculator to zero speed, a torque command from the torque command generator and a torque from the speed controller A control device having a torque command switching device for selecting a command, allowing only forward rotation and preventing reverse rotation, and comparing the torque command of the speed controller with the torque command of the torque command generator from then provided with a torque command comparator for outputting the larger, if the output is forward rotation of the speed calculator in the torque command switching unit is the torque command generator Select a torque command, the output of the speed calculator is in the case of reverse rotation selecting a torque command from the torque command comparator.
[0012]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the torque command switching device is a time point when the output of the speed calculator exceeds a specified speed for forward rotation in the state of the torque command from the torque command comparator. To switch to the torque command of the torque command generator .
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the present invention will be described in detail based on FIG.
The permanent magnet synchronous motor 1, the power converter 2, the rotor position calculator 3, the voltage command generator 4, the torque controller 5, the iron loss / mechanical loss compensator 6, and the torque command generator 9 are the same as those in the prior art. Since it plays a role, the description is omitted.
[0014]
The speed controller 11 feeds back the output of the speed calculator 10 and outputs a torque command for controlling the speed to zero. The torque command comparator 12 outputs the larger one of the torque command of the torque command generator 9 and the torque command of the speed controller 11.
[0015]
The operation of the torque command switch will be described with reference to FIG.
In period 1, the output of the speed calculator 10 is positive and the output of the rotation direction detector 7 is rotating in the forward direction, and the input of the torque controller 5 becomes the torque command of the torque command generator 9.
In period 2, when the output of the speed calculator 10 becomes negative and the output of the rotation direction detector 7 rotates in the reverse direction, the input of the torque controller 5 is changed from the torque command of the torque command generator 9 to the torque command comparator 12. The torque command is switched to the torque command, and the torque command comparator 12 outputs the larger one of the torque command of the torque command generator 9 and the torque command of the speed controller 11. The torque command input to the torque controller 5 when the output of the speed calculator 10 exceeds the specified speed N1 for forward rotation is switched from the torque command of the torque command comparator 12 to the torque command of the torque command generator 9. In the state transitioning from the period 2 to the period 3, the input of the torque controller 5 in the period 3 becomes the torque command of the torque command comparator 12, and in the state transitioning from the period 4 to the period 3, the torque controller 5 in the period 3 The input is a torque command of the torque command generator 9. Even when the reverse rotation is not detected immediately after starting, the input of the torque controller 5 becomes the torque command of the torque command generator 9.
[0016]
As described above, when the reverse rotation is detected, the torque command is switched to the speed controller 11 that performs the zero speed control. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the reverse rotation even in the control device that normally performs the torque control.
[0017]
In order to prevent forward rotation, when the output of the rotational direction detector 7 becomes forward rotation, the input of the torque controller 5 is from the torque command of the torque command generator 9 to the torque command of the torque command comparator 12. Switch to The torque command comparator 12 outputs the smaller of the torque command from the torque command generator 9 and the torque command from the speed controller 11. The torque command input to the torque controller 5 when the output of the speed calculator 10 exceeds the specified reverse rotation speed is switched from the torque command of the torque command comparator 12 to the torque command of the torque command generator 9.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, in a control device that performs torque control of an electric motor, even when there is an overcompensation of iron loss or mechanical loss or an error occurs in the rotor position calculation, reverse rotation can be prevented, and the system Contribute to improving the reliability.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an operation diagram of the torque command switching unit 8;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of a conventional technique for preventing reverse rotation during torque control.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Permanent magnet synchronous motor 2 ... Power converter 3 ... Rotor position calculator 4 ... Voltage command generator 5 ... Torque controller 6 ... Iron loss and mechanical loss compensator DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 7 ... Rotation direction detector 8 ... Torque command switching device 9 ... Torque command generator 10 ... Speed calculator 11 ... Speed controller 12 ... Torque command comparator

Claims (2)

電動機をトルク制御する電力変換器の制御装置で、トルク指令発生器より出力されるトルク指令に応じたトルクを前記電動機より出力させるトルク制御器、前記電動機の速度を演算する速度演算器、前記速度演算器の出力をフィードバックしゼロ速度に制御するためのトルク指令を出力する速度制御器、前記トルク指令発生器からのトルク指令と前記速度制御器からのトルク指令を選択するトルク指令切替器を具備し、正方向回転のみを許可し、逆方向回転を防止する制御装置であって、前記速度制御器のトルク指令と前記トルク指令発生器のトルク指令を比較し大きい方を出力するトルク指令比較器を具備し、前記トルク指令切替器では前記速度演算器の出力が正方向回転の場合は前記トルク指令発生器からのトルク指令を選択し、前記速度演算器の出力が逆方向回転の場合は前記トルク指令比較器からのトルク指令を選択することを特徴とする電動機の制御装置。A control device for a power converter that controls the torque of the electric motor, a torque controller that outputs torque corresponding to the torque command output from the torque command generator from the electric motor, a speed calculator that calculates the speed of the electric motor, and the speed A speed controller that feeds back the output of the calculator and outputs a torque command for controlling to zero speed, and a torque command changer that selects a torque command from the torque command generator and a torque command from the speed controller and permits the forward rotation only, a control equipment for preventing reverse rotation, the torque command comparison to output the larger comparing the torque command of the torque command generator torque command of the speed controller The torque command switching unit selects a torque command from the torque command generator and outputs the speed command when the output of the speed calculator is rotating in the forward direction. Controller when the output of the arithmetic unit is the reverse rotation motor and selects the torque command from the torque command comparator. 請求項1において、前記トルク指令切替器は、前記トルク指令比較器からのトルク指令の状態で前記速度演算器の出力が正方向回転の規定速度を超過した時点で前記トルク指令発生器のトルク指令に切り替えることを特徴とする電動機の制御装置。 The torque command generator according to claim 1, wherein the torque command switching unit is configured such that when the output of the speed calculator exceeds a specified speed for forward rotation in the state of the torque command from the torque command comparator, control unit for an electric motor, wherein the switching Turkey on.
JP2003167275A 2003-06-12 2003-06-12 Electric motor control device Expired - Lifetime JP4454966B2 (en)

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