JP4434425B2 - Exterior wall construction method - Google Patents

Exterior wall construction method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4434425B2
JP4434425B2 JP2000122537A JP2000122537A JP4434425B2 JP 4434425 B2 JP4434425 B2 JP 4434425B2 JP 2000122537 A JP2000122537 A JP 2000122537A JP 2000122537 A JP2000122537 A JP 2000122537A JP 4434425 B2 JP4434425 B2 JP 4434425B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
wall
support bar
attached
base panel
floor
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JP2001303696A (en
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昌己 木下
直美 津恵
克則 大西
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は外壁施工方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
建物の外壁構造としては種々あるが、特公平6−89570号公報に記載されている外壁下地パネルを建物に取り付け、この外壁下地パネルの複数の外壁支持桟(公報では外装下地桟と称する)の室外側面に外壁材を掛け渡して取り付けた外壁構造が複数の外壁支持桟の間に上下に長い筒状の空気層が形成され、この空気層を空気が流通することにより、外壁内部の湿気を屋外側に放出させることができので、外壁内に結露の発生がなく好ましい外壁構造である。
【0003】
この特公平6−89570号公報に記載されている外壁下地パネルを更に詳細に説明すると、外壁下地パネルは、枠材内に断熱材を充填して形成される断熱層と、この断熱層の室内側に取り付けられた内装下地材と、断熱層と内装下地材との間に介在させた湿気が通過不能な防湿シートと、断熱層の室外側に配された湿気が通過可能な防水シートと、前記空気層の形成用であって上記防水シートの室外側に取り付けられた上下方向に長い複数の外壁支持桟とからなるものである。
そして、この複数の外壁支持桟に外壁材を掛け渡して取り付けると、防水シート、両側の外壁支持桟、外壁材で囲まれた上下に長い筒状の空気層が形成されるのである。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
この外壁下地パネルの外装下地桟の室外側面に外壁材を取り付けた外壁構造の各構成要素を、室内側から順に並べると、内装下地材、防湿シート、内部に断熱材を充填している枠材、防水シート、外壁支持桟、外壁材となり、全て固体で繋がっている。従って、一旦、製造されるとこの外壁下地パネルの厚みは変更できない。
【0005】
しかし、内装下地材、内部に断熱材を充填している枠材、外壁支持桟等は寸法精度がそれほど良くないので、これ等を重合した外壁下地パネルを複数個並べて比較すると、多くの外壁下地パネルの厚みが異なっている場合が多い。
従って、この複数の外壁下地パネルを並べて取り付けると、外壁下地パネルの室内側面と室外側面のどちらかの面が凹凸状になり不都合が生じる。
即ち、枠材の室内側面をほぼ同一平面状にして外壁下地パネルを取り付けると、外壁下地桟の室外側面がほぼ同一平面状にならず、この外壁支持桟の室外側面に外壁材を取り付けたときに、この外壁材の室外側面が凹凸状になり、極めて醜悪である。
【0006】
又、外壁支持桟の室外側面をほぼ同一平面状にして外壁下地パネルを取り付けると、内部に断熱材を充填している枠材の室内側面がほぼ同一平面状にならず、この枠材の室内側面に壁紙等の内壁仕上げ材や石膏ボード等の内壁材を取り付けると、この内壁仕上げ材や内壁材の室内側面が凹凸状になり、極めて醜悪である。
更に、ユニット建物では、このユニット建物を構成する建物ユニットを据え付ける際に誤差があったり、各建物ユニットに取り付けた外壁下地パネルの位置に差があったりして外壁支持桟の室外側面がほぼ同一平面状にならないことがある。
【0007】
又、1階と2階の境界に胴差を設けた構造では次に示す問題がある。
即ち、1階と2階の境界に胴差を設けた構造では、通常、図14のように外装下地パネルP1の室外側面に取り付けた外壁支持桟P11の屋外側面はほぼ同一平面状になっていて、この外壁支持桟P11の室外側面に外壁材P2を取り付けた外壁材P2はほぼ同一平面状になっている。
【0008】
しかし、種々な理由でこの外壁支持桟P11の室外側面がほぼ同一平面状にならないことがある。例えば、1階と2階の外壁支持桟P11の厚みが異なっていて、図15(イ)に示すように、外壁支持桟P11の室外側面が同一平面状にならなかったり、1階と2階の間に取り付けられる胴差P12の両側側面がほぼ平行になってなくて、図15(ロ)に示すように、室外側面P121が傾いていたり、胴差P12が傾いて取り付けられて、図15(ハ)に示すように、室外側面P121が傾いていると、この室外側面P121に取り付けられた外装支持桟P11の室外側面に段差が生じる。かかる場合に、この外壁支持桟P11の室外側面に外壁材P2を取り付けと、外壁材P2が段差の部分で傾き醜悪となる。
【0009】
そこで、本発明の目的は、外壁下地パネル等の外壁材を取り付ける桟の厚みに誤差があっても、又、1階と2階の間に両側がほぼ平行になってない胴差が取り付けられたり、胴差が斜めに取り付けられていても、更に、ユニット建物では、ユニット建物を構成する建物ユニットの据え付けに誤差があったり、ユニット建物に取り付ける外壁下地ユニットの取付位置に差があっても、外壁下地パネルの室内側面と外壁材の室外側面をほぼ同一平面状にすることのできる外壁構造と、この外壁構造に施工する外壁施工方法を提供することである。
【0015】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項記載の発明は、工場で外壁下地パネルを建物ユニットの骨格に取り付けて外壁下地パネルを備えた建物ユニットを製造し、施工現場で、この外壁下地パネルを備えた建物ユニットを据え付け、外壁下地パネルから室外方向に若干離れた位置に外壁支持桟を立設した後、この外壁支持桟の室外側面に外壁材を取り付けるものである。
【0016】
この請求項記載の発明においては、外壁支持桟の室外側面に外壁材を取り付けているが、この外壁材を取り付ける前に隣接する外壁下地パネルを備えた建物ユニットの透湿防水シートを連結すると、この建物ユニット間の隙間を通過して雨水等の水分が室内に入らなくなり好ましい。
【0017】
請求項記載の発明は、工場で外壁下地パネルを建物ユニットの骨格に取り付け、この外壁下地パネルから室外方向に若干離れた位置に外壁支持桟を、外壁下地パネルからの距離を変更可能に、立設させて外壁下地パネルと外壁支持桟を備えた建物ユニットを製造し、施工現場で、この外壁下地パネルと外壁支持桟を備えた建物ユニットを据え付けた後、この外壁支持桟の室外側面に外壁材を取り付けるものである。
【0026】
請求項記載の発明では、工場で外壁下地パネルを建物ユニットの骨格に取り付けて外壁下地パネルを備えた建物ユニットを製造し、施工現場で、この外壁下地パネルを備えた建物ユニットを据え付け、外壁下地パネルから室外方向に若干離れた位置に外壁支持桟を立設した後、この外壁支持桟の室外側面に外壁材を取り付けるので、外壁下地パネルの厚みが異なったり、建物ユニットの設置位置がずれたり、建物ユニットに取り付ける外壁下地パネルの据付位置に差があったりして、外壁下地パネルの室外側面がほぼ同一平面状になってなくとも、外壁下地パネルから室外方向に若干離れた位置に複数の外壁支持桟を、室外側面をほぼ同一平面状にして立設させることができる。従って、外壁材の室外側面をほぼ同一平面状にして、外壁支持桟を取り付けることができ、ユニット建物を美麗に施工できる。
【0027】
請求項記載の発明では、工場で外壁下地パネルを建物ユニットの骨格に取り付け、この外壁下地パネルから室外方向に若干離れた位置に外壁支持桟を、外壁下地パネルからの距離を変更可能に立設させて外壁下地パネルと外壁支持桟を備えた建物ユニットを製造し、施工現場で、この外壁下地パネルと外壁支持桟を備えた建物ユニットを据え付けた後、この外壁支持桟の室外側面に外壁材を取り付けるので、請求項記載の発明より外壁支持桟を工場で取り付けただけ現場施工工数が少なくなり、速く施工できる。
【0028】
又、複数の建物ユニットに取り付けられた外壁下地パネルの厚みが異なったり、建物ユニットの設置位置がずれたり、建物ユニットに取り付ける外壁下地パネルの取付位置に差があったりして、それぞれの建物ユニットの外壁下地パネルの室外側面がほぼ同一平面状になってなくとも、外壁下地パネルからの距離を変更可能に取り付けられている外壁支持桟の外壁下地パネルからの距離を変更して、外壁支持桟の室外側面をほぼ同一平面状にした後、外壁支持桟を立設させることができる。従って、この外壁支持桟の室外側面に外壁材をほぼ同一平面状にして取り付けることができ、複数個の建物ユニットを組み立てたユニット建物を美麗に施工できる。
【0030】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明の実施の形態を実施例で説明する。
参考例
図1〜図3は本発明の参考例を示すもので、図1は建物の外壁部分の垂直断面図、図2は外壁下地パネルを示す一部切欠斜視図、図3は外壁支持桟に外壁材を取り付けた大型パネルの裏面を示す斜視図である。
【0031】
図1において、1は建物であり、この建物1の骨格は、基礎9の上に取り付けられた床梁11と、この床梁11に立設された図示しない1階の柱と、床梁11に差し渡された床小梁13と、1階の柱の上に取り付けられた胴差14と、この胴差14に立設された図示しない2階の柱と、胴差14に差し渡された2階の床梁16と、2階の柱の上に取り付けられた胴差17と、この胴差17の上に取り付けられた屋根19とからなる。
【0032】
そして、床小梁13の上に床材2が取り付けられて1階の床が形成されている。
又、胴差14に差し渡された床梁16に床根太25が差し渡され、この床根太25の上に床材26が取り付けられて2階の床が形成されている。又、この床には図示しない天井パネルが吊り下げられ、この天井パネルによって1階の天井が形成されている。
又、胴差17に図示しない屋根梁や屋根小梁等の構造材が取り付けられ、この屋根梁や屋根小梁等の構造材に図示しない天井パネルが吊り下げられて、2階の天井が形成されている。
【0033】
4は外壁下地パネルであり、この外壁下地パネル4は、図2に示すように、内装下地材41と、透湿防水シート支持桟42と、断熱材43と、透湿防水シート44と、透湿防水シート押さえ桟45とからなる。
内装下地材41は石膏ボードである。
透湿防水シート支持桟42は木製の断面四角柱状長尺体である。
【0034】
断熱材43は板状のガラスウールである。
透湿防水シート44は高密度ポリエチレンの極細繊維シート製のシートであり、湿気を通すが水を通さないものである。
透湿防水シート押さえ桟45は合板製の四角柱状長尺体である。
【0035】
5は合板製の四角柱状長尺体の外壁支持桟であり、この外壁支持桟5は、図1に示すように、1階から2階まで貫通している。そして、この外壁支持桟5には、床梁11、胴差14、17に取り付けられている固定金具29を挿入する切欠溝59が設けられている。
【0036】
8は硬質木片セメント板製の外壁材である。
そして、施工現場で、この外壁材8に外壁支持桟5を取り付けて大型パネルRとし、この大型パネルRは、予め、胴差14、17や床梁11に取り付けられている固定金具59を外壁支持桟5に設けられている切欠溝59の中に挿入して取り付けられている。
【0037】
次に、この建物の施工方法および外壁構造の作用について説明する。
工場で外壁下地パネル4や天井パネル等を製造する。
この際の外壁下地パネル4の製造方法を説明する。
【0038】
内装下地材41の室外側面に複数の透湿防水シート支持桟42をほぼ平行に取り付け、この複数の透湿防水シート支持桟42の間に断熱材43を取り付け、この透湿防水シート支持桟42a断熱材43の室外側を透湿防水シート44で覆い、この透湿防水シート44の上の透湿防水シート支持桟42の反対側面に透湿防水シート押さえ桟45を押し付け、ビス453aを透湿防水シート押さえ桟45から透湿防水シート支持桟42に螺入して、透湿防水シート押さえ桟45で、透湿防水シート44を透湿防水シート支持材42に押さえ付けて、外壁下地パネル4を製造する。
【0039】
このように、外壁下地パネル4を設備の整った工場で製造するので、この外壁下地パネル4は寸法精度よく仕上げられ、建物に取り付け易くなっている。
このようにして製造した外壁下地パネル4、天井パネル等を施工現場に運搬する。
施工現場では、予め設けられている基礎9の上に床梁11を取り付け、この床梁11に1階の柱を立設し、相対する床梁11に床根太13を差し渡して取り付け、この1階の柱の上に胴差14を取り付け、相対する胴差14に床梁16を差し渡して取り付け、この床梁16に2階の柱を立設し、2階の柱の上に胴差17を取り付けて、建物1の骨格を形成する。
【0040】
床根太13の上に床材2を取り付けたり、1階の柱と柱の間に外壁下地パネル4を取り付けたり、この外壁下地パネル4の室内側に壁紙等の内壁仕上げ材3を取り付け、後述の2階の床に天井パネルを取り付けたり、各種仕上げを行って1階を形成する。
【0041】
又、床梁16に床根太25を差し渡し、この床根太25の上に床材26を取り付けて床を形成したり、2階の柱と柱の間に外壁下地パネル4を取り付けたり、この外壁下地パネル4の室内側面に壁紙等の内壁仕上げ材3を取り付け、後述の屋根19の下方に天井パネルを吊り下げたり、各種仕上げを行って2階を形成する。
又、胴差17に屋根19を設ける。
又、地上で予め外壁材8に外壁支持桟5を取り付けて大型パネルRとする。
【0042】
そして、床梁11、胴差14、17に固定金具29を取り付け、この大型パネルRの切欠溝59の中に固定金具29を挿入して、大型パネルRをこの固定金具29に引っ掛けて外壁材8を取り付ける。
このように、大型パネルRを固定金具29に取り付けると、この大型パネルRと外壁下地パネル4との間に隙間が生じ、この隙間が空気層Sとなる。
その他種々な仕上げを行うと建物1が完成する。
【0043】
このようにして完成した建物1では、外壁下地パネル4とこの外壁下地パネル4から離れた位置にある外壁支持桟5や外壁材8との間には空気層Sが形成されるので、外壁下地パネル4の厚みに差があるときに、複数の外壁下地パネル4の室内側面をほぼ同一平面状にして取り付ける結果、外壁下地パネル4の室外側面が凹凸状になっていても、離れた位置にある外壁支持桟5の室外側面をほぼ同一平面状にして、外壁支持桟5を取り付けることができる。即ち、外壁下地パネル4と外壁支持桟5や外壁材8との間にある空気層Sの厚みを加減することにより、外壁下地パネル4の室内側面と外壁支持桟5の室外側面を同時にほぼ同一平面状にすることができる。
【0044】
又、外壁支持桟5が1階から2階まで貫通しているので、1階と2階の外壁下地パネル4の厚みに差があったり、1階と2階の間に取り付けられる胴差14の両側面がほぼ平行でなかったり、胴差14が傾いていても、外壁下地パネル4や胴差14から室外方向に若干離れた位置に設けられている外壁支持桟5は、この外壁下地パネル4や胴差14に関係ない。従って、この外壁支持桟5の室外側面をほぼ同一平面状にして、外壁支持桟5を取り付けることができる。
【0045】
このように、外壁下地パネル4の室内側面と外壁支持桟5の室外側面とを同時にほぼ同一平面状にすることができるので、この外壁下地パネル4と外壁支持桟5に内壁仕上げ材3と外壁材6を同時に同一平面状に取り付けることができ、美麗な建物に施工できる。
又、透湿防水シート44は複数の透湿防水シート支持桟42と透湿防水シート押さえ桟45に挟まれているので、断熱材43の室外側に外れないよう取り付けられている。
【0046】
従って、外壁材8の隙間を通して水滴等の水分が浸入しても、透湿防水シート44に阻まれて室内側に浸入しないし、断熱材43が濡れて断熱性能が低下しないし、室内に水分が入らない。
又、室内の湿気や外壁内の湿気は透湿防水シート44を通って空気層Sに入り、この空気層Sを流れる空気と共に室外に出て行く。従って、この外壁構造を備えた建物1は、室内が湿らないし壁内に結露が発生しなく居住性がよい。
【0047】
(実施例
図4〜図10は本発明をユニット建物に適用した実施例を示すもので、図4(イ)はユニット建物を示す斜視図、(ロ)は(イ)のA−A線における断面図、図5は建物ユニットを示す一部切欠斜視図、図6(イ)は外壁下地パネルを示す斜視図、(ロ)は透湿防水シートを取り付けている状態の主要部を示す斜視図、図7は外壁下地パネルを備えたユニット建物を示す斜視図、図8は外壁下地パネルに外壁支持桟を取り付けている状態を示す斜視図、図9は外壁支持桟の取付構造を示す断面図、図10は受け台を示す斜視図である。
【0048】
図4〜図10において、Uaはユニット建物であり、このユニット建物Uaは、逗4(イ)に示すように、基礎9aの上に6個の建物ユニット1aを据え付けて1階を形成し、この1階の建物ユニット1aの上に6個の建物ユニット1aを据え付けて2階を形成し、この2階の建物ユニットの上に屋根パネル2aを取り付けたものである。
【0049】
建物ユニット1aの骨格は、図5に示すように、矩形状の隅部に立設された鋼製の断面ロ字形長尺体の柱11aと、この柱11aの下端部を矩形状の辺に沿って連結した鋼製の断面コ字形長尺体の床梁12aと、柱11aの上端部を矩形状の辺に沿って連結した鋼製の断面コ字形長尺体の天井梁13aとからなる。
そして、相対する床梁12a、12aに鋼製の断面ロ字形長尺体の床小梁14aが差し渡され、この床小梁14aの上に木製の床根太15aが取り付けられ、この床根太15aの上に床材16aが取り付けられて床が形成され、相対する天井梁13a、13aに木製の天井野縁17aが差し渡され、この天井野縁17aの下面に天井材18aが取り付けられて天井が形成されている。
【0050】
4aは外壁下地パネルであり、この外壁下地パネル4aは、図6に示すように、内装下地材41aと、透湿防水シート支持桟42aと、断熱材43aと、透湿防水シート44aと、透湿防水シート押さえ桟45aとからなる。
内装下地材41aは石膏ボードである。
透湿防水シート支持桟42aは鋼製の断面コ字形長尺体である。
【0051】
断熱材43aは岩綿の板状体である。
透湿防水シート44aは高密度ポリエチレンの極細繊維シート製のシートであり、湿気を通すが水を通さないものである。
透湿防水シート押さえ桟45aは、長尺ゴムシート板451aと鋼製の断面コ字形長尺体452aとからなる。
【0052】
5aは鋼製の断面ロ字形長尺体の外壁支持桟であり、上端部と下端部には、図8に示すように、後述のネジ棒6aが通過する大きさの通孔51aが設けられている。
6aはネジ棒であり、このネジ棒6aは、図8に示すように、床梁12aと天井梁13aの側面にほぼ水平に立設されている。
【0053】
7aは受け台であり、この受け台6aは図10に示すように、周囲にキザギザの凹凸が設けられ、中央にネジ棒6aに螺合するネジ孔71aを有する鋼製の円盤である。
75aはネジ棒6aに螺合するナットである。
76aは座金である。
8aは硬質木片セメント板製の外壁材である。
【0054】
次に、このユニット建物Uaの施工方法および外壁構造の作用について説明する。
工場で、建物ユニット1aの骨格を製造する。
この際、外壁下地パネル4aを取り付ける天井梁13aと床梁12aの側面には、ネジ棒6aを溶接してほぼ水平方向に立設させておく。
【0055】
この建物ユニット1aの相対する床梁12a、12aに床小梁14aを差し渡し、この床小梁14aの上に床根太15aを取り付け、この床根太15aの上に床材16aを取り付けられて床を形成する。
又、建物ユニット1aの相対する天井梁13a、13aに天井野縁17aを差し渡し、この天井野縁17aの下面に天井材18aを取り付けて天井を形成する。
【0056】
一方、内装下地材41aの室外側面に複数の透湿防水シート支持桟42aをほぼ平行に取り付け、この複数の透湿防水シート支持桟42aの間に断熱材43aを取り付け、この透湿防水シート支持桟42aと断熱材43aの室外側を透湿防水シート44aで覆い、図6(ロ)に示すように、この透湿防水シート44aの上の透湿防水シート支持桟42aの反対側面に長尺ゴムシート板451aと断面コ字形長尺体452aを押し付け、ビス453aを断面コ字形長尺体452aから透湿防水シート支持桟42aに螺入して、断面コ字形長尺体452aと断面コ字形長尺体452aとからなる透湿防水シート押さえ桟45aで、透湿防水シート44aを透湿防水シート支持材42aに押さえた状態に取り付けて、外壁下地パネル4aを製造する。
【0057】
このように、外壁下地パネル4aを設備の整った工場で製造するので、この外壁下地パネル4aは寸法精度よく仕上げられ、建物に取り付け易くなっている。次に、図8に示すように、建物ユニット1aの天井梁13aの室外側面および下側面に断熱材78aを取り付け、床梁12aの室外側面および上側面に断熱材79aを取り付け、天井梁13aの下側面の断熱材78aと床梁の上側面に取り付けられた断熱材79aの間に内装下地材41aと透湿防水シート支持桟42aを挿入するようにして外壁下地パネル4aを建物ユニット1aの骨格に取り付け、外壁下地パネル4aの室内側面に内装仕上げ材3aを取り付けたり、種々な仕上げを行うと、外壁下地パネル4aを備えた建物ユニット1aが完成する。
【0058】
尚、透湿防水シート44aを取り付ける際には、天井梁13aと床梁12aに取り付けられているネジ棒6aが透湿防水シート44aを貫通するが、このネジ棒6aを貫通した孔とネジ棒6aとの間には、図9に示すように、シール材48を塗布してこの部分を水密にする。
このようにして製造した外壁下地パネル4aを備えた建物ユニット1aを施工現場に運搬する。
【0059】
施工現場では、予め設けられている基礎9aの上に6個の外壁下地パネル4aを備えた建物ユニット1aを据え付け、この上に6個の外壁下地パネル4a付き建物ユニット1aを据え付け、この上に屋根パネル2aを取り付ける。
又、各ユニット建物1aに取り付けられている外壁下地パネル4aの透湿防水シート44aを連結して、建物ユニット1a間の隙間から室内に水が漏れないようにする。
又、建物ユニット1aの複数のネジ棒6aに、図8に示すように、受け台7aを、ほぼ同一平面状になるように、螺入する。尚、この受け台7aは透湿防水シート44aから透湿防水シート押さえ桟45aの高さより遠くにしておく。
【0060】
次に、ネジ棒6aを外壁支持桟5aの通孔51aに通しながら、外壁支持桟5aを受け台7aに押し付け、このネジ棒6aに座金76aを通し、この座金76aの上からナット75aを螺入して、外壁支持桟5aをネジ棒6aに固定する。
このようにして取り付けられた複数の外壁支持桟5aの室外側面はほぼ同一平面状になっているが、糸等を張ってほぼ同一平面状になっているかどうかを確認する。
【0061】
もし、複数の外壁支持桟5aの室外側面が同一平面状になっていないことが判明した場合には、受け台7aとナット75aを螺入出させて外壁下地パネル4aから外壁支持桟5aまでの距離を調整し、外壁支持桟5aの室外側面をほぼ同一平面状にする。
このように、施工現場で、複数の外壁支持桟5aの室外側面が同一平面状になってないことが判明したときには、外壁支持桟5aは、螺入された受け台7aとナット75aとに挟まれて取り付けられているので、このネジ棒6aに螺入された受け台7aとナット75aを螺入出させて、外壁下地パネル4aからの距離を変更させ、この受け台7aとナット75aで挟まれている外壁支持桟5aの室外側面をほぼ同一平面状にして、外壁支持桟5aを取り付けることができる。
【0062】
次に、この外壁支持桟5aに外壁材8aを取り付ける。
このように、外壁材8aを外壁支持桟5aに取り付けると、この外壁材8aや外壁支持桟5aと外壁下地パネル4aとの間に隙間が生じ、この隙間が空気層Saとなる。
その他種々な仕上げを行うとユニット建物Uaが完成する。
【0063】
このようにして完成したユニット建物Uaでは、工場で外壁下地パネル4aを建物ユニット1aの骨格に取り付けて外壁下地パネル4aを備えた建物ユニット1aを製造し、施工現場で、この外壁下地パネル4aを備えた建物ユニット1aを据え付けた後、この外壁下地パネル4aから室外方向に若干離れた位置に外壁支持桟5aを立設し、この外壁支持桟5aに外壁材を取り付けるので、外壁下地パネル4aとこの外壁下地パネル4aから離れた位置にある外壁支持桟5aや外壁材8aとの間には空気層Saが形成される。
【0064】
しかも、外壁下地パネル4aの厚みに差があるときに、複数の外壁下地パネル4aの室内側面をほぼ同一平面状にして取り付ける結果、外壁下地パネル4aの室外側面が凹凸状になっていても、この外壁下地パネル4aと関係なく、外壁下地パネル4aから室外方向に離れた位置に取り付けられる外壁支持桟5aの室外側面をほぼ同一平面状にして、外壁支持桟5aを取り付けることができる。即ち、外壁下地パネル4aと外壁支持桟5aや外壁材8aとの間にある空気層Saの厚みを加減することにより、外壁支持桟5aの室外側面を同時にほぼ同一平面状にすることができる。
【0065】
従って、外壁下地パネル4aの室内側面に取り付ける内壁仕上げ材3aと外壁支持桟5aの室外側面に取り付ける外壁材6aを同時にほぼ同一平面状にすることができ、美麗な建物となる。
又、透湿防水シート44aは複数の透湿防水シート支持桟42aと透湿防水シート押さえ桟45aに挟まれているので、断熱材43aの室外側に外れないよう取り付けられている。
【0066】
従って、外壁材8aの隙間を通して水滴等の水分が浸入しても、透湿防水シート44aに阻まれて室内側に浸入しないし、断熱材43aが濡れて断熱性能が低下しないし、室内に水分が入らない。
又、室内の湿気や外壁内の湿気は透湿防水シート44aを通って空気層Saに入り、この空気層Saを流れる空気と共に室外に出て行く。従って、この外壁構造を備えた建物1aは、室内が湿らないし壁内に結露が発生しなく居住性がよい。
【0067】
(実施例
図11は本発明の別の実施例を示すもので、外壁下地パネルに外壁支持桟を取り付けているユニット建物を示す斜視図である。
【0068】
図11に示す実施例を図4〜図10に示す実施例と比較すると、ユニット建物の構造はほぼ同じであるが、図11に示すように、工場で、外壁支持桟5bを取り付けることが異なる。
【0069】
即ち、工場で、建物ユニット1bの骨格を製造し、この建物ユニット1bの骨格に外壁下地パネル4bを取り付け、ネジ棒6bを床梁12bと天井梁13bの側面に立設し、この複数のネジ棒6bに、受け台7bを螺入し、このネジ棒6bを外壁支持桟5bの通孔51bに通しながら、外壁支持桟5bを受け台7bに押し付け、このネジ棒6bに座金76bを通し、この座金76bの上からナット75bを螺入して、外壁支持桟5bをネジ棒6bに固定し、その他種々な仕上げを行って、外壁下地パネル4bと外壁支持桟5bを備えた建物ユニット1bを完成させる。
【0070】
このように、外壁支持桟5bは、施工現場で、外壁下地パネル4bからの距離を変更して外壁支持桟5bの室外側面をほぼ同一平面状に調整することができる。
このようにして製造した建物ユニット1bを施工現場に運搬し、施工現場では、6個の建物ユニット1bを予め設けてある基礎の上に据え付け、各建物ユニット1bの透湿防水シート44bを連結した後、外壁支持桟5bを取り付けている受け台7bとナット75bを螺入出して、各建物ユニット1bの外壁支持桟5bの室外側面をほぼ同一平面状にした後、この外壁支持桟5bに外壁材8bを取り付ける。
【0071】
その他の構造および施工方法は実施例とほぼ同じであるので、説明を省略する。このようにして完成したユニット建物では、外壁支持桟5bを工場で取り付けるので、実施例と比較すると、外壁支持際5bを工場で取り付けるだけ、現場施工工数が減り、ユニット建物を速く施工できる。その他の作用は実施例とほぼ同じであるので説明を省略する。
【0072】
(実施例
図12は本発明の更に別の実施例を示すもので、外壁下地パネルの一部を示す斜視図である。
【0073】
この図12に示す実施例を図4〜10に示す実施例と比較すると外壁下地パネル4cの透湿防水シート支持桟42cと透湿防水シート押さえ桟45cが木製であることが異なる。このように透湿防水シート支持桟42cと透湿防水シート押さえ桟45cが木製であると、熱の伝導度が金属製より悪く、従って、室内の熱が逃げ難くなり、保温性のよい建物となる。その他の構造および施工方法、作用は実施例とほぼ同じであるので説明を省略する。
【0074】
(実施例
図13は本発明の更に別の実施例を示すもので、透湿防水シート押さえ桟の一部を示す斜視図である。
【0075】
この図13に示す実施例を図4〜図10に示す実施例と比較すると、透湿防水シート支持桟42dの側面に複数の長孔421dが設けられていることが異なる。このように透湿防水シート支持桟42dに長孔421dが設けられていると、熱の伝導面積が少なくなり、従って、室内の熱が逃げ難くなり、保温性のよい建物となる。その他の構造および施工方法、作用は実施例とほぼ同じであるので説明を省略する。
【0082】
【発明の効果】
請求項記載の発明は、工場で外壁下地パネルを建物ユニットの骨格に取り付けて外壁下地パネルを備えた建物ユニットを製造し、施工現場で、この外壁下地パネルを備えた建物ユニットを据え付け、外壁下地パネルから室外方向に若干離れた位置に外壁支持桟を立設した後、この外壁支持桟の室外側面に外壁材を取り付けるから、外壁下地パネルの厚みが異なったり、建物ユニットの設置位置がずれたり、建物ユニットに取り付ける外壁下地パネルの据付位置に差があったりして、外壁下地パネルの室外側面がほぼ同一平面状になってなくとも、外壁下地パネルから室外方向に若干離れた位置に複数の外壁支持桟を、室外側面をほぼ同一平面状にして立設させることができる。その結果、外壁材や内壁仕上げ材・内壁材をほぼ同一平面状にすることができ、ユニット建物を美麗に施工できる。
【0083】
請求項記載の発明は、工場で外壁下地パネルを建物ユニットの骨格に取り付け、この外壁下地パネルから室外方向に若干離れた位置に外壁支持桟を、外壁下地パネルからの距離を変更可能に立設させて外壁下地パネルと外壁支持桟を備えた建物ユニットを製造し、施工現場で、この外壁下地パネルと外壁支持桟を備えた建物ユニットを据え付けた後、この外壁支持桟の室外側面に外壁材を取り付けるから、外壁支持桟を工場で取り付けただけ現場施工工数が少なくなり、速く施工できる。
【0084】
又、複数の建物ユニットに取り付けられた外壁下地パネルの厚みが異なったり、建物ユニットの設置位置がずれたり、建物ユニットに取り付けられる外壁下地パネルの取付位置に差があったりして、それぞれの建物ユニットの外壁下地パネルの室外側面がほぼ同一平面状になってなくとも、外壁下地パネルからの距離を変更可能に取り付けられている外壁支持桟の外壁下地パネルからの距離を変更した後、外壁支持桟の室外側面をほぼ同一平面状にして外壁下地桟を立設させることができ、その結果、外壁材や内壁仕上げ材・内壁材をほぼ同一平面状にすることができる。
その結果、外壁材や内壁仕上げ材・内壁材をほぼ同一平面状にすることができ、ユニット建物を美麗に施工できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の参考例を示すもので、建物の外壁部分を垂直方向に切断した状態を示す断面図である。
【図2】 外壁下地パネルを示す一部切欠斜視図である。
【図3】 外壁支持桟に外壁材を取り付けた大型パネルの裏面を示す斜視図である。
【図4】 本発明をユニット建物に適用した実施例を示すもので、(イ)はユニット建物を示す斜視図、(ロ)は(イ)のA−A線における断面図である。
【図5】 建物ユニットの骨格を示す斜視図である。
【図6】 (イ)は外壁下地パネルを示す斜視図、(ロ)は透湿防水シートを取り付けている状態の主要部を示す斜視図である。
【図7】 外壁下地パネル付きユニット建物を示す斜視図である。
【図8】 外壁下地パネルに外壁支持桟を取り付けている状態を示す斜視図である。
【図9】 外壁支持桟の取付構造を示す断面図である。
【図10】 受け台を示す斜視図である。
【図11】 本発明の別の実施例を示すもので、外壁下地パネルに外壁支持桟を取り付けているユニット建物を示す斜視図である。
【図12】 本発明の更に別の実施例を示すもので、外壁下地パネルの一部を示す斜視図である。
【図13】 本発明の更に別の実施例を示すもので、透湿防水シート押さえ桟の一部を示す斜視図である。
【図14】 従来の建物の外壁構造の一例を示す断面図である。
【図15】 従来の建物の外壁構造の他の一例を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 建物
11 床梁
14、17 胴差
1a、1b 建物ユニット
11a、11b 柱
12a、12b 床梁
13a、13b 天井梁
3、3a 内壁仕上げ材または内壁材
4、4a、4b、4c 外壁下地パネル
41、41a 内装下地材
42、42a、42c、42d 透湿防水シート支持桟
43、43a 断熱材
44、44a、44b 透湿防水シート
45、45a、45c 透湿防水シート押さえ桟
5,5a、5b 外壁支持桟
6a ネジ棒
7a、7b 受け台
75a、75b ナット
8、8a、8b 外壁材
S 空気層
Ua ユニット建物
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  The present inventionIs outsideIt relates to a wall construction method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
There are various exterior wall structures of the building, but an outer wall base panel described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-89570 is attached to the building, and a plurality of outer wall support bars (referred to as exterior base bars in the publication) of the outer wall base panel. The outer wall structure with the outer wall material hung on the outdoor side surface forms a long cylindrical air layer between the plurality of outer wall support bars, and the air flows through this air layer, so that moisture inside the outer wall is removed. Since it can be discharged to the outdoor side, there is no condensation in the outer wall, which is a preferable outer wall structure.
[0003]
The outer wall base panel described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-89570 will be described in more detail. The outer wall base panel includes a heat insulating layer formed by filling a frame member with a heat insulating material, and a chamber of the heat insulating layer. An interior base material attached to the inside, a moisture-proof sheet that cannot pass moisture interposed between the heat-insulating layer and the interior base material, and a waterproof sheet that allows moisture to pass through the outside of the heat-insulating layer, It is for forming the air layer, and comprises a plurality of outer wall support bars which are attached to the outdoor side of the waterproof sheet and are long in the vertical direction.
Then, when an outer wall material is stretched over and attached to the plurality of outer wall support bars, a long cylindrical air layer is formed vertically surrounded by the waterproof sheet, the outer wall support bars on both sides, and the outer wall material.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
When each component of the outer wall structure in which the outer wall material is attached to the outer side surface of the exterior base frame of the outer wall base panel is arranged in order from the indoor side, the interior base material, the moisture-proof sheet, and the frame material in which the interior is filled with a heat insulating material , Waterproof sheets, outer wall support bars, and outer wall materials, all connected in solid. Therefore, once manufactured, the thickness of the outer wall base panel cannot be changed.
[0005]
However, dimensional accuracy is not so good for interior base materials, frame materials filled with heat insulating materials, outer wall support bars, etc. The panel thickness is often different.
Therefore, when the plurality of outer wall base panels are mounted side by side, either the indoor side surface or the outdoor side surface of the outer wall base panel becomes uneven, resulting in inconvenience.
In other words, when the outer wall base panel is attached with the indoor side surface of the frame material made substantially the same plane, the outer side surface of the outer wall base rail is not substantially the same plane, and the outer wall material is attached to the outdoor side surface of the outer wall support rail. Moreover, the outdoor side surface of the outer wall material is uneven, which is extremely bad.
[0006]
Also, if the outer wall support bar is attached with the outer wall support bar having substantially the same planar outer surface, the interior side surface of the frame member filled with the heat insulating material does not become substantially coplanar. If an inner wall finishing material such as wallpaper or an inner wall material such as gypsum board is attached to the side surface, the interior side surface of the inner wall finishing material or the inner wall material becomes uneven, which is extremely bad.
Furthermore, in the unit building, there are errors when installing the building units that make up this unit building, and there is a difference in the position of the outer wall base panel attached to each building unit, so the outdoor side surfaces of the outer wall support bars are almost the same. It may not be flat.
[0007]
In addition, there is the following problem in the structure in which the body difference is provided at the boundary between the first floor and the second floor.
That is, in the structure in which the body difference is provided at the boundary between the first floor and the second floor, the outdoor side surface of the outer wall support bar P11 attached to the outdoor side surface of the exterior base panel P1 is generally substantially flat as shown in FIG. And the outer wall material P2 which attached the outer wall material P2 to the outdoor side surface of this outer wall support bar P11 is substantially flush.
[0008]
However, for various reasons, the outdoor side surface of the outer wall support bar P11 may not be substantially coplanar. For example, the outer wall support bars P11 on the first floor and the second floor have different thicknesses, and as shown in FIG. 15 (a), the outer side surfaces of the outer wall support bars P11 do not become the same plane, or the first floor and the second floor. As shown in FIG. 15 (b), both side surfaces of the trunk difference P12 attached between the two sides are not parallel, and the outdoor side face P121 is inclined, or the trunk difference P12 is inclined and attached. As shown in (c), when the outdoor side surface P121 is inclined, a step is generated on the outdoor side surface of the exterior support bar P11 attached to the outdoor side surface P121. In such a case, if the outer wall material P2 is attached to the outdoor side surface of the outer wall support bar P11, the outer wall material P2 is inclined and deteriorated at the stepped portion.
[0009]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to attach a trunk difference between the first floor and the second floor where both sides are not substantially parallel even if there is an error in the thickness of the crosspiece for attaching the outer wall material such as the outer wall base panel. Even if the torso is attached diagonally, even in unit buildings, there is an error in the installation of the building units that make up the unit building, or there is a difference in the mounting position of the outer wall base unit attached to the unit building Another object of the present invention is to provide an outer wall structure in which the indoor side surface of the outer wall base panel and the outdoor side surface of the outer wall material can be substantially coplanar, and an outer wall construction method for constructing the outer wall structure.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  Claim1In the described invention, a building unit having an outer wall foundation panel is manufactured by attaching the outer wall foundation panel to the skeleton of the building unit at a factory, and the building unit having the outer wall foundation panel is installed at the construction site. After the outer wall support bar is erected at a position slightly apart in the outdoor direction, the outer wall material is attached to the outdoor side surface of the outer wall support bar.
[0016]
  This claim1In the described invention, the outer wall material is attached to the outdoor side surface of the outer wall support bar. When the moisture permeable waterproof sheet of the building unit including the adjacent outer wall base panel is connected before the outer wall material is attached, the building unit is connected. It is preferable that moisture such as rainwater does not enter the room through the gap between them.
[0017]
  Claim2In the described invention, an outer wall base panel is attached to the building unit skeleton at a factory, and an outer wall support bar is installed at a position slightly away from the outer wall base panel in the outdoor direction so that the distance from the outer wall base panel can be changed. After manufacturing the building unit with the outer wall base panel and the outer wall support bar, and installing the building unit with the outer wall base panel and the outer wall support bar at the construction site, the outer wall material is applied to the outside surface of the outer wall support bar. Attached.
[0026]
  Claim1In the described invention, a building unit having an outer wall foundation panel is manufactured by attaching the outer wall foundation panel to the skeleton of the building unit at a factory, and the building unit having the outer wall foundation panel is installed at the construction site. After the outer wall support bar is erected at a position slightly apart in the outdoor direction, the outer wall material is attached to the outer side surface of the outer wall support bar, so the thickness of the outer wall base panel is different, the building unit installation position is shifted, and the building Even if there is a difference in the installation position of the outer wall base panel to be attached to the unit, the outer wall surface of the outer wall base panel is not almost flush with the outer wall base panel. The crosspiece can be erected with the outdoor side surface substantially in the same plane. Therefore, the outer wall surface of the outer wall material can be made substantially flush with the outer wall support bar attached, and the unit building can be constructed beautifully.
[0027]
  Claim2In the described invention, the outer wall base panel is attached to the building unit frame at the factory, and the outer wall support bar is erected at a position slightly away from the outer wall base panel in the outdoor direction so that the distance from the outer wall base panel can be changed. Manufacture a building unit with an outer wall base panel and an outer wall support bar, install the building unit with the outer wall base panel and the outer wall support bar at the construction site, and then attach the outer wall material to the outside surface of the outer wall support bar So the claim1From the invention described, the number of on-site construction man-hours is reduced by installing the outer wall support bar at the factory, and the construction can be performed quickly.
[0028]
In addition, the thickness of the outer wall foundation panel attached to multiple building units is different, the installation position of the building unit is shifted, or there is a difference in the installation position of the outer wall foundation panel attached to the building unit. Even if the outdoor surface of the outer wall base panel is not substantially coplanar, the distance from the outer wall base panel is changed so that the distance from the outer wall base panel can be changed. The outer wall support bar can be erected after the outdoor side surfaces of the outer wall are made substantially flush with each other. Therefore, it is possible to attach the outer wall material to the outdoor side surface of the outer wall support bar in a substantially coplanar manner, and it is possible to beautifully construct a unit building in which a plurality of building units are assembled.
[0030]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to examples.
  (Reference example)
  1 to 3 show the present invention.Reference exampleFIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of an outer wall portion of a building, FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing an outer wall base panel, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a back surface of a large panel in which an outer wall material is attached to an outer wall support bar. FIG.
[0031]
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a building. The skeleton of the building 1 includes a floor beam 11 mounted on a foundation 9, a first-floor column (not shown) standing on the floor beam 11, and a floor beam 11. The floor beam 13 passed to the body, the trunk difference 14 mounted on the first floor pillar, the second floor pillar (not shown) erected on the trunk difference 14, and the trunk difference 14 Further, it comprises a floor beam 16 on the second floor, a trunk difference 17 attached on the pillar on the second floor, and a roof 19 attached on the trunk difference 17.
[0032]
And the flooring 2 is attached on the floor beam 13 and the floor of the 1st floor is formed.
Further, a floor joist 25 is passed to the floor beam 16 passed to the trunk difference 14, and a floor material 26 is attached on the floor joist 25 to form a second floor. A ceiling panel (not shown) is suspended from the floor, and the ceiling of the first floor is formed by the ceiling panel.
Further, a structural material such as a roof beam or a roof beam not shown is attached to the trunk difference 17, and a ceiling panel (not shown) is suspended from the structural material such as a roof beam or a roof beam to form a ceiling on the second floor. Has been.
[0033]
Reference numeral 4 denotes an outer wall base panel. As shown in FIG. 2, the outer wall base panel 4 includes an interior base material 41, a moisture permeable waterproof sheet support bar 42, a heat insulating material 43, a moisture permeable waterproof sheet 44, and a transparent material. It comprises a moisture waterproof sheet presser bar 45.
The interior base material 41 is a gypsum board.
The moisture-permeable waterproof sheet support bar 42 is a wooden cross-sectional square pillar-shaped long body.
[0034]
The heat insulating material 43 is plate-shaped glass wool.
The moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 44 is a sheet made of a high-density polyethylene ultrafine fiber sheet, which allows moisture to pass but does not allow water to pass.
The moisture permeable waterproof sheet pressing bar 45 is a long rectangular columnar body made of plywood.
[0035]
Reference numeral 5 denotes an outer wall support bar made of a plywood rectangular column-like long body, and the outer wall support bar 5 penetrates from the first floor to the second floor as shown in FIG. The outer wall support bar 5 is provided with a notch groove 59 into which the fixing bracket 29 attached to the floor beam 11 and the trunk differences 14 and 17 is inserted.
[0036]
8 is an outer wall material made of hard wood cement board.
At the construction site, the outer wall support bar 5 is attached to the outer wall material 8 to form a large panel R. The large panel R is provided with the fixing bracket 59 attached to the trunk difference 14, 17 or the floor beam 11 in advance as the outer wall. It is inserted into a notch groove 59 provided in the support bar 5 and attached.
[0037]
Next, the construction method of the building and the operation of the outer wall structure will be described.
Manufacture outer wall base panel 4 and ceiling panel at factory.
A method of manufacturing the outer wall base panel 4 at this time will be described.
[0038]
A plurality of moisture permeable waterproof sheet support bars 42 are attached substantially parallel to the outdoor side surface of the interior base material 41, a heat insulating material 43 is attached between the plurality of moisture permeable waterproof sheet support bars 42, and the moisture permeable waterproof sheet support bars 42a. The outdoor side of the heat insulating material 43 is covered with a moisture permeable waterproof sheet 44, the moisture permeable waterproof sheet holding bar 45 is pressed against the moisture permeable waterproof sheet supporting bar 42 on the moisture permeable waterproof sheet 44, and the screw 453a is moisture permeable. The moisture-permeable waterproof sheet support frame 42 is screwed into the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet support frame 42, and the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 44 is pressed against the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet support material 42 with the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet support frame 45. Manufacturing.
[0039]
Thus, since the outer wall base panel 4 is manufactured in a well-equipped factory, the outer wall base panel 4 is finished with high dimensional accuracy and can be easily attached to a building.
The outer wall base panel 4 and the ceiling panel thus manufactured are transported to the construction site.
At the construction site, a floor beam 11 is mounted on a foundation 9 provided in advance, a first-floor column is erected on the floor beam 11, and a floor joist 13 is attached to the opposite floor beam 11. The trunk difference 14 is mounted on the floor pillar, the floor beam 16 is attached to the opposite trunk difference 14, the second floor pillar is erected on the floor beam 16, and the trunk difference 17 is placed on the second floor pillar. To form a skeleton of the building 1.
[0040]
The floor material 2 is attached on the floor joists 13, the outer wall base panel 4 is attached between the pillars on the first floor, and the inner wall finishing material 3 such as wallpaper is attached to the indoor side of the outer wall base panel 4, which will be described later. A ceiling panel is attached to the floor of the second floor, and various finishes are performed to form the first floor.
[0041]
Further, a floor joist 25 is passed to the floor beam 16, and a floor is formed by attaching a floor material 26 on the floor joist 25, or an outer wall base panel 4 is attached between the pillars on the second floor. The inner wall finishing material 3 such as wallpaper is attached to the interior side surface of the base panel 4, and a ceiling panel is suspended below a roof 19 described later, or various finishing is performed to form the second floor.
A roof 19 is provided on the trunk difference 17.
Also, the outer wall support bar 5 is attached to the outer wall material 8 in advance on the ground to form a large panel R.
[0042]
Then, the fixing bracket 29 is attached to the floor beam 11 and the trunk differences 14 and 17, the fixing bracket 29 is inserted into the notch groove 59 of the large panel R, and the large panel R is hooked on the fixing bracket 29 and the outer wall material. 8 is attached.
As described above, when the large panel R is attached to the fixing bracket 29, a gap is generated between the large panel R and the outer wall base panel 4, and this gap becomes the air layer S.
When various other finishing is performed, the building 1 is completed.
[0043]
In the building 1 thus completed, an air layer S is formed between the outer wall base panel 4 and the outer wall support bar 5 and the outer wall material 8 located away from the outer wall base panel 4. When there is a difference in the thickness of the panel 4, as a result of attaching the indoor side surfaces of the plurality of outer wall base panels 4 to substantially the same plane, even if the outdoor side surface of the outer wall base panel 4 is uneven, It is possible to attach the outer wall support bar 5 so that the outdoor side surface of a certain outer wall support bar 5 is substantially coplanar. That is, by adjusting the thickness of the air layer S between the outer wall base panel 4 and the outer wall support bar 5 or the outer wall material 8, the inner side surface of the outer wall base panel 4 and the outer side surface of the outer wall support bar 5 are substantially the same at the same time. It can be planar.
[0044]
In addition, since the outer wall support bar 5 penetrates from the first floor to the second floor, there is a difference in the thickness of the outer wall base panel 4 on the first floor and the second floor, or a trunk difference 14 attached between the first floor and the second floor. The outer wall support panel 5 provided at a position slightly away from the outer wall base panel 4 and the main body difference 14 in the outdoor direction is provided on the outer wall base panel even if both side surfaces of the main body are not substantially parallel or the body difference 14 is inclined. 4 and body difference 14 are not relevant. Therefore, the outer wall support bar 5 can be attached with the outdoor side surface of the outer wall support bar 5 substantially in the same plane.
[0045]
In this way, since the indoor side surface of the outer wall base panel 4 and the outdoor side surface of the outer wall support bar 5 can be made substantially coplanar at the same time, the inner wall finishing material 3 and the outer wall are provided on the outer wall base panel 4 and the outer wall support bar 5. The material 6 can be attached to the same plane at the same time, and can be constructed in a beautiful building.
Further, since the moisture permeable waterproof sheet 44 is sandwiched between the plurality of moisture permeable waterproof sheet support bars 42 and the moisture permeable waterproof sheet holding bars 45, the moisture permeable waterproof sheet 44 is attached so as not to come off the outdoor side of the heat insulating material 43.
[0046]
Therefore, even if water such as water droplets enters through the gaps in the outer wall material 8, the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 44 prevents the water from entering the room, and the heat insulation 43 does not get wet and the heat insulation performance does not deteriorate. Does not enter.
Further, the humidity in the room and the moisture in the outer wall enter the air layer S through the moisture permeable waterproof sheet 44 and go out of the room together with the air flowing through the air layer S. Therefore, the building 1 provided with this outer wall structure is not damp in the room, does not cause condensation in the wall, and has good habitability.
[0047]
  (Example1)
  4 to 10 show that the present invention is applied to a unit building.Example4A is a perspective view showing a unit building, FIG. 4B is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 5A, FIG. 5 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing a building unit, and FIG. (A) is a perspective view showing an outer wall base panel, (b) is a perspective view showing a main part in a state where a moisture permeable waterproof sheet is attached, FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a unit building provided with the outer wall base panel, FIG. FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a state in which an outer wall support bar is attached to the outer wall base panel, FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing an outer wall support bar attachment structure, and FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a cradle.
[0048]
4-10, Ua is a unit building, and this unit building Ua, as shown in 逗 4 (b), installs six building units 1a on the foundation 9a to form the first floor, Six building units 1a are installed on the first floor building unit 1a to form a second floor, and a roof panel 2a is attached to the second floor building unit.
[0049]
As shown in FIG. 5, the skeleton of the building unit 1a has a column 11a made of steel and has a long rectangular cross section, and a lower end of the column 11a with a rectangular side. The steel beam is a U-shaped floor beam 12a made of steel and is connected along the rectangular side of the upper end of the column 11a. .
Then, a steel floor beam 14a having a rectangular cross section made of steel is passed to the opposite floor beams 12a, 12a, and a wooden floor joist 15a is attached on the floor beam 14a. A floor 16a is attached to the floor to form a floor, a wooden ceiling edge 17a is passed over the opposing ceiling beams 13a, 13a, and a ceiling material 18a is attached to the lower surface of the ceiling edge 17a. Is formed.
[0050]
As shown in FIG. 6, the outer wall base panel 4a includes an interior base material 41a, a moisture permeable waterproof sheet support bar 42a, a heat insulating material 43a, a moisture permeable waterproof sheet 44a, and a transparent base sheet 4a. It consists of a moisture waterproof sheet holding bar 45a.
The interior base material 41a is a gypsum board.
The moisture permeable waterproof sheet support bar 42a is a steel cross-sectionally U-shaped long body.
[0051]
The heat insulating material 43a is a rock wool plate.
The moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 44a is a sheet made of a high-density polyethylene extra-fine fiber sheet, which allows moisture to pass but does not allow water to pass.
The moisture permeable waterproof sheet pressing bar 45a includes a long rubber sheet plate 451a and a steel U-shaped long body 452a.
[0052]
Reference numeral 5a denotes an outer wall support bar having an elongated body having a square cross section, and as shown in FIG. 8, a through hole 51a having a size through which a later-described screw rod 6a passes is provided at the upper end and the lower end. ing.
Reference numeral 6a denotes a threaded rod, and the threaded rod 6a is erected substantially horizontally on the side surfaces of the floor beam 12a and the ceiling beam 13a as shown in FIG.
[0053]
Reference numeral 7a denotes a cradle. As shown in FIG. 10, the cradle 6a is a steel disk having a jagged concavity and convexity around it and having a screw hole 71a screwed into the screw rod 6a at the center.
A nut 75a is screwed onto the screw rod 6a.
76a is a washer.
8a is an outer wall material made of hard wood cement board.
[0054]
Next, the construction method of the unit building Ua and the operation of the outer wall structure will be described.
The skeleton of the building unit 1a is manufactured at the factory.
At this time, screw rods 6a are welded to the side surfaces of the ceiling beam 13a and the floor beam 12a to which the outer wall base panel 4a is attached, and are erected almost horizontally.
[0055]
The floor beam 14a is passed to the opposite floor beams 12a and 12a of the building unit 1a, a floor joist 15a is attached to the floor beam 14a, and a floor material 16a is attached to the floor joist 15a to thereby remove the floor. Form.
Further, the ceiling field edge 17a is passed to the opposing ceiling beams 13a, 13a of the building unit 1a, and a ceiling material 18a is attached to the lower surface of the ceiling field edge 17a to form a ceiling.
[0056]
On the other hand, a plurality of moisture permeable waterproof sheet support bars 42a are attached substantially parallel to the outdoor surface of the interior base material 41a, and a heat insulating material 43a is attached between the plurality of moisture permeable waterproof sheet support bars 42a. The outdoor side of the crosspiece 42a and the heat insulating material 43a is covered with a moisture permeable waterproof sheet 44a, and as shown in FIG. 6 (b), a long length is formed on the opposite side surface of the moisture permeable waterproof sheet support bar 42a on the moisture permeable waterproof sheet 44a. The rubber sheet plate 451a and the U-shaped elongated body 452a are pressed, and the screw 453a is screwed into the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet support bar 42a from the U-shaped elongated body 452a to form the U-shaped elongated body 452a and the U-shaped section. A moisture permeable waterproof sheet holding bar 45a composed of a long body 452a is attached to the moisture permeable waterproof sheet support member 42a so as to manufacture the outer wall base panel 4a.
[0057]
Thus, since the outer wall base panel 4a is manufactured in a well-equipped factory, the outer wall base panel 4a is finished with high dimensional accuracy and can be easily attached to a building. Next, as shown in FIG. 8, the heat insulating material 78a is attached to the outdoor side surface and the lower side surface of the ceiling beam 13a of the building unit 1a, the heat insulating material 79a is attached to the outdoor side surface and the upper side surface of the floor beam 12a, The interior base material 41a and the moisture permeable waterproof sheet support bar 42a are inserted between the heat insulating material 78a on the lower surface and the heat insulating material 79a attached to the upper surface of the floor beam so that the outer wall base panel 4a is the skeleton of the building unit 1a. When the interior finishing material 3a is attached to the interior side surface of the outer wall base panel 4a or various finishing is performed, the building unit 1a provided with the outer wall base panel 4a is completed.
[0058]
When attaching the moisture permeable waterproof sheet 44a, the screw rod 6a attached to the ceiling beam 13a and the floor beam 12a passes through the moisture permeable waterproof sheet 44a. As shown in FIG. 9, a sealing material 48 is applied between the portions 6a and 6a to make this portion watertight.
The building unit 1a including the outer wall base panel 4a thus manufactured is transported to the construction site.
[0059]
At the construction site, a building unit 1a provided with six outer wall foundation panels 4a is installed on a foundation 9a provided in advance, and a building unit 1a with six outer wall foundation panels 4a is installed thereon, on which The roof panel 2a is attached.
Moreover, the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 44a of the outer wall base panel 4a attached to each unit building 1a is connected so that water does not leak into the room from the gap between the building units 1a.
Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the receiving base 7a is screwed into the plurality of screw rods 6a of the building unit 1a so as to be substantially in the same plane. The cradle 7a is set farther from the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 44a than the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet holding bar 45a.
[0060]
Next, while passing the screw rod 6a through the through hole 51a of the outer wall support bar 5a, the outer wall support bar 5a is pressed against the receiving base 7a, the washer 76a is passed through the screw bar 6a, and the nut 75a is screwed from above the washer 76a. Then, the outer wall support bar 5a is fixed to the screw rod 6a.
The outdoor side surfaces of the plurality of outer wall support bars 5a attached in this way are substantially coplanar, but it is confirmed whether they are coplanar with a thread or the like.
[0061]
If it is found that the outdoor side surfaces of the plurality of outer wall support bars 5a are not coplanar, the distance from the outer wall base panel 4a to the outer wall support bar 5a by screwing the receiving base 7a and the nut 75a. Is adjusted so that the outdoor side surface of the outer wall support bar 5a is substantially coplanar.
As described above, when it is found at the construction site that the outdoor side surfaces of the plurality of outer wall support bars 5a are not coplanar, the outer wall support bar 5a is sandwiched between the screwed receiving base 7a and the nut 75a. Since the base 7a and the nut 75a screwed into the screw rod 6a are screwed in and out, the distance from the outer wall base panel 4a is changed and sandwiched between the base 7a and the nut 75a. It is possible to attach the outer wall support bar 5a so that the outdoor side surfaces of the outer wall support bars 5a are substantially flush with each other.
[0062]
Next, the outer wall material 8a is attached to the outer wall support bar 5a.
As described above, when the outer wall material 8a is attached to the outer wall support bar 5a, a gap is generated between the outer wall material 8a or the outer wall support bar 5a and the outer wall base panel 4a, and this gap becomes the air layer Sa.
When various other finishing is performed, the unit building Ua is completed.
[0063]
In the unit building Ua thus completed, the building unit 1a having the outer wall foundation panel 4a is manufactured by attaching the outer wall foundation panel 4a to the skeleton of the building unit 1a at the factory, and the outer wall foundation panel 4a is installed at the construction site. After installing the building unit 1a, the outer wall support bar 5a is erected at a position slightly away from the outer wall base panel 4a in the outdoor direction, and the outer wall material is attached to the outer wall support bar 5a. An air layer Sa is formed between the outer wall support bar 5a and the outer wall material 8a which are located away from the outer wall base panel 4a.
[0064]
Moreover, when there is a difference in the thickness of the outer wall base panel 4a, as a result of attaching the indoor side surfaces of the plurality of outer wall base panels 4a to substantially the same plane, even if the outdoor side surface of the outer wall base panel 4a is uneven, Regardless of the outer wall base panel 4a, it is possible to attach the outer wall support bar 5a so that the outer side surface of the outer wall support bar 5a attached to the position away from the outer wall base panel 4a in the outdoor direction is substantially coplanar. That is, by adjusting the thickness of the air layer Sa between the outer wall base panel 4a and the outer wall support bar 5a or the outer wall material 8a, the outdoor side surface of the outer wall support bar 5a can be made substantially coplanar at the same time.
[0065]
Accordingly, the inner wall finishing material 3a attached to the indoor side surface of the outer wall base panel 4a and the outer wall material 6a attached to the outdoor side surface of the outer wall support bar 5a can be made substantially coplanar at the same time, resulting in a beautiful building.
Further, since the moisture permeable waterproof sheet 44a is sandwiched between the plurality of moisture permeable waterproof sheet support bars 42a and the moisture permeable waterproof sheet pressing bars 45a, the moisture permeable waterproof sheet 44a is attached so as not to be detached from the outdoor side of the heat insulating material 43a.
[0066]
Therefore, even if water such as water droplets enters through the gaps in the outer wall material 8a, the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 44a prevents the water from entering the indoor side, the heat insulating material 43a does not get wet, and the heat insulating performance does not deteriorate. Does not enter.
Further, the humidity inside the room and the moisture inside the outer wall enter the air layer Sa through the moisture permeable waterproof sheet 44a, and go out of the room together with the air flowing through the air layer Sa. Therefore, the building 1a provided with this outer wall structure is not damp in the room, does not cause condensation in the wall, and has good habitability.
[0067]
  (Example2)
  FIG. 11 shows another embodiment of the present invention, and is a perspective view showing a unit building in which an outer wall support bar is attached to an outer wall base panel.
[0068]
  Example shown in FIG.2Examples shown in FIGS. 4 to 101The structure of the unit building is almost the same, but as shown in FIG. 11, the installation of the outer wall support bar 5b is different at the factory.
[0069]
That is, the skeleton of the building unit 1b is manufactured at the factory, the outer wall base panel 4b is attached to the skeleton of the building unit 1b, the screw rod 6b is erected on the side surfaces of the floor beam 12b and the ceiling beam 13b, and the plurality of screws The pedestal 7b is screwed into the rod 6b, and the outer wall support bar 5b is pressed against the pedestal 7b while passing the screw bar 6b through the through hole 51b of the outer wall support bar 5b, and a washer 76b is passed through the screw bar 6b. A nut 75b is screwed from above the washer 76b, the outer wall support bar 5b is fixed to the screw rod 6b, and various other finishings are performed, so that the building unit 1b including the outer wall base panel 4b and the outer wall support bar 5b is obtained. Finalize.
[0070]
Thus, the outer wall support bar 5b can adjust the outdoor side surface of the outer wall support bar 5b to substantially the same plane by changing the distance from the outer wall base panel 4b at the construction site.
The building unit 1b manufactured in this way is transported to the construction site, and on the construction site, six building units 1b are installed on the foundation provided in advance, and the moisture permeable waterproof sheet 44b of each building unit 1b is connected. After that, the base 7b to which the outer wall support bar 5b is attached and the nut 75b are screwed in and the outdoor side surface of the outer wall support bar 5b of each building unit 1b is made substantially flush with the outer wall support bar 5b. The material 8b is attached.
[0071]
  Other structures and construction methods are examples1The description is omitted since it is almost the same. In the unit building completed in this way, the outer wall support bar 5b is installed at the factory.2Compared with, just by attaching the outer wall support 5b at the factory, the number of on-site construction man-hours is reduced and the unit building can be constructed quickly. Other functions are examples1The description is omitted because it is almost the same.
[0072]
  (Example3)
  FIG. 12 shows still another embodiment of the present invention, and is a perspective view showing a part of an outer wall base panel.
[0073]
  The embodiment shown in FIG.3Examples shown in FIGS.1And the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet support bar 42c and the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet holding bar 45c of the outer wall base panel 4c are different from each other. Thus, if the moisture permeable waterproof sheet support bar 42c and the moisture permeable waterproof sheet holding bar 45c are made of wood, the heat conductivity is worse than that of metal, and therefore, it is difficult for the indoor heat to escape and the building has good heat retention. Become. Other structures, construction methods and actions are examples1The description is omitted because it is almost the same.
[0074]
  (Example4)
  FIG. 13 shows still another embodiment of the present invention, and is a perspective view showing a part of a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet pressing bar.
[0075]
  Example shown in FIG.4Examples shown in FIGS. 4 to 101Is different in that a plurality of long holes 421d are provided on the side surface of the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet support bar 42d. Thus, when the long hole 421d is provided in the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet support bar 42d, the heat conduction area is reduced, and therefore, the heat in the room is difficult to escape and the building has good heat retention. Other structures, construction methods and actions are examples1The description is omitted because it is almost the same.
[0082]
【The invention's effect】
  Claim1In the described invention, a building unit having an outer wall foundation panel is manufactured by attaching the outer wall foundation panel to the skeleton of the building unit at a factory, and the building unit having the outer wall foundation panel is installed at the construction site. After the outer wall support bar is erected at a position slightly apart in the outdoor direction, the outer wall material is attached to the outer side surface of the outer wall support bar, so the thickness of the outer wall base panel is different, the building unit installation position is shifted, and the building Even if there is a difference in the installation position of the outer wall base panel to be attached to the unit, the outer wall surface of the outer wall base panel is not almost flush with the outer wall base panel. The crosspiece can be erected with the outdoor side surface substantially in the same plane. As a result, the outer wall material, the inner wall finishing material, and the inner wall material can be made substantially flush, and the unit building can be constructed beautifully.
[0083]
  Claim2In the described invention, an outer wall base panel is attached to the building unit frame at a factory, and an outer wall support bar is erected at a position slightly away from the outer wall base panel in the outdoor direction so that the distance from the outer wall base panel can be changed. Manufacture a building unit with an outer wall base panel and an outer wall support bar, install the building unit with the outer wall base panel and the outer wall support bar at the construction site, and then attach the outer wall material to the outside surface of the outer wall support bar From, OutsideThe number of on-site construction man-hours is reduced by installing the wall support bar at the factory, allowing for faster construction.
[0084]
In addition, the thickness of the outer wall foundation panel attached to multiple building units is different, the installation position of the building unit is shifted, or there is a difference in the installation position of the outer wall foundation panel attached to the building unit. Even if the outside wall surface of the unit's outer wall base panel is not almost flush, the outer wall support bar is mounted so that the distance from the outer wall base panel can be changed. The outer wall base beam can be erected with the outer side surface of the beam substantially in the same plane, and as a result, the outer wall material, the inner wall finishing material, and the inner wall material can be made substantially in the same plane.
As a result, the outer wall material, the inner wall finishing material, and the inner wall material can be made substantially flush, and the unit building can be constructed beautifully.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 of the present inventionReference exampleFIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where an outer wall portion of a building is cut in a vertical direction.
FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing an outer wall base panel.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a back surface of a large panel in which an outer wall material is attached to an outer wall support bar.
[Fig. 4] The present invention is applied to a unit building.Example(A) is a perspective view showing a unit building, and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of (a).
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a skeleton of a building unit.
6A is a perspective view showing an outer wall base panel, and FIG. 6B is a perspective view showing a main part in a state where a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet is attached.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a unit building with an outer wall base panel.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a state in which an outer wall support bar is attached to the outer wall base panel.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing an outer wall support bar mounting structure.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a cradle.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a unit building in which an outer wall support bar is attached to an outer wall base panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12, showing still another embodiment of the present invention, is a perspective view showing a part of an outer wall base panel.
FIG. 13 shows still another embodiment of the present invention and is a perspective view showing a part of a moisture permeable waterproof sheet pressing bar.
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a conventional building outer wall structure.
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a conventional outer wall structure of a building.
[Explanation of symbols]
  1 building
  11 Floor beams
  14, 17 waist difference
  1a, 1b Building unit
  11a, 11b pillar
  12a, 12b Floor beam
  13a, 13b Ceiling beam
  3, 3a Inner wall finish or inner wall material
  4, 4a, 4b, 4c Outer wall base panel
  41, 41a Interior base material
  42, 42a, 42c, 42d Moisture permeable waterproof sheet support bar
  43, 43a Thermal insulation
  44, 44a, 44b Breathable waterproof sheet
  45, 45a, 45c Breathable waterproof sheet presser
  5, 5a, 5b Outer wall support bar
  6a Screw rod
  7a, 7b cradle
  75a, 75b nut
  8, 8a, 8b Exterior wall material
  S air layer
  Ua unit building

Claims (2)

工場で外壁下地パネルを建物ユニットの骨格に取り付けて外壁下地パネルを備えた建物ユニットを製造し、施工現場で、この外壁下地パネルを備えた建物ユニットを据え付け、外壁下地パネルから室外方向に若干離れた位置に外壁支持桟を立設した後、この外壁支持桟の室外側面に外壁材を取り付けることを特徴とする外壁施工方法。  At the factory, a building unit with an outer wall foundation panel is manufactured by attaching the outer wall foundation panel to the skeleton of the building unit. A method for constructing an outer wall, characterized in that an outer wall material is attached to an outer side surface of the outer wall support bar after the outer wall support bar is erected at the position. 工場で外壁下地パネルを建物ユニットの骨格に取り付け、この外壁下地パネルから室外方向に若干離れた位置に外壁支持桟を、外壁下地パネルからの距離を変更可能に、立設させて外壁下地パネルと外壁支持桟を備えた建物ユニットを製造し、施工現場で、この外壁下地パネルと外壁支持桟を備えた建物ユニットを据え付けた後、この外壁支持桟の室外側面に外壁材を取り付けることを特徴とする外壁施工方法。  At the factory, the outer wall base panel is attached to the skeleton of the building unit, and the outer wall support bar is installed at a position slightly away from the outer wall base panel in the outdoor direction so that the distance from the outer wall base panel can be changed. A building unit with an outer wall support bar is manufactured, and after installation of the building unit with an outer wall base panel and an outer wall support bar at the construction site, an outer wall material is attached to the outdoor side surface of the outer wall support bar. Exterior wall construction method to do.
JP2000122537A 2000-04-24 2000-04-24 Exterior wall construction method Expired - Lifetime JP4434425B2 (en)

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