JP4429669B2 - Shell needle roller bearing - Google Patents
Shell needle roller bearing Download PDFInfo
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- JP4429669B2 JP4429669B2 JP2003323240A JP2003323240A JP4429669B2 JP 4429669 B2 JP4429669 B2 JP 4429669B2 JP 2003323240 A JP2003323240 A JP 2003323240A JP 2003323240 A JP2003323240 A JP 2003323240A JP 4429669 B2 JP4429669 B2 JP 4429669B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Description
この発明は、シェル型針状ころ軸受に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a shell needle roller bearing.
外輪の内径面に沿って複数の針状ころを配列した針状ころ軸受には、絞り工程を含むプレス加工で形成されたシェル型外輪を用いるものがある(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。このシェル型外輪を用いるシェル型針状ころ軸受は、製造コストが安価となる経済的優位性から、自動車部品を始めとして、その用途は多岐に渡っている。 Some needle roller bearings in which a plurality of needle rollers are arranged along the inner diameter surface of the outer ring use a shell type outer ring formed by press working including a drawing process (for example, see Patent Document 1). Shell-type needle roller bearings using this shell-type outer ring have a wide variety of uses, including automobile parts, because of the economical advantage that the manufacturing cost is low.
従来のシェル型外輪のプレス加工の概略工程は、以下の通りである。まず、絞り工程で円形ブランクをカップ状に成形し、決め押し工程でカップ底コーナ部を所定のコーナ半径に決め押しする。こののち、底抜き工程でカップ底中央部を打ち抜いて外輪の一方の鍔を形成し、トリミング工程でカップ上端部を均一な高さにトリミングする。絞り工程または決め押し工程の後に、しごき工程を加える場合もある。通常、これらのプレス加工は、トランスファプレスや順送りプレスを用いて行われ、トランスファプレスを用いる場合は、円形ブランクの打ち抜き工程も一緒に組み込まれることが多い。なお、外輪の他方の鍔は、熱処理後の組立て工程で、カップ上端部を内方に折り曲げることにより形成される。 A schematic process for pressing a conventional shell-type outer ring is as follows. First, a circular blank is formed into a cup shape in the drawing step, and the cup bottom corner portion is determined and pushed to a predetermined corner radius in the decision pushing step. After that, the center portion of the cup bottom is punched out in the bottoming step to form one ridge of the outer ring, and the upper end portion of the cup is trimmed to a uniform height in the trimming step. An ironing process may be added after the drawing process or the final pressing process. Usually, these press processes are performed using a transfer press or a progressive press, and when a transfer press is used, a blank blank punching process is often incorporated together. The other collar of the outer ring is formed by bending the upper end of the cup inward in the assembly process after heat treatment.
前記シェル型外輪のブランク素材には、SCM415等の肌焼鋼の鋼板が用いられ、所定の製品強度を確保するために、プレス加工後に浸炭焼入れ、焼戻し等の熱処理を施される。肌焼鋼の鋼板はSPCC等の軟鋼板に較べて炭素含有量が多く、絞り性の目安となるr値が低いので、絞り工程での絞り回数を複数回に分けて、1回当たりの絞り比を小さく設定している。 For the blank material of the shell type outer ring, a steel plate made of case-hardened steel such as SCM415 is used, and heat treatment such as carburizing and quenching and tempering is performed after press working in order to ensure a predetermined product strength. Case-hardened steel has a high carbon content compared to mild steel such as SPCC and has a low r value, which is a standard for drawability, so the number of draws in the drawing process can be divided into multiple draws. The ratio is set small.
上述したプレス加工で形成されるシェル型外輪は、削り加工で形成される外輪よりも内径面の面粗度が粗くなる。通常、削り加工で形成される外輪の内径面の面粗度はRa0.05μm程度であるのに対して、シェル型外輪の内径面の面粗度はRa0.4μm程度である。このため、従来のシェル型針状ころ軸受は、外輪が削り加工で形成されたものより低コストではあるが、内径面での針状ころの転走に伴う使用中の音響が削り加工品より大きい。 The shell-type outer ring formed by the press work described above has a rougher inner surface than the outer ring formed by the cutting process. Normally, the surface roughness of the inner diameter surface of the outer ring formed by shaving is about Ra 0.05 μm, whereas the surface roughness of the inner diameter surface of the shell type outer ring is about Ra 0.4 μm. For this reason, conventional shell-type needle roller bearings are less expensive than those in which the outer ring is formed by cutting, but the sound in use associated with rolling of the needle rollers on the inner diameter surface is more than that of the machined product. large.
近年、自動車の高品質化、高性能化および低コスト化が進み、これに伴って、カーエアコンやトランスミッション等に使用される軸受等の部品についても低コスト化と静粛性が要求されるようになっている。 In recent years, high quality, high performance and low cost of automobiles have progressed, and along with this, parts such as bearings used in car air conditioners and transmissions are also required to be low cost and quiet. It has become.
そこで、この発明の課題は、シェル型針状ころ軸受における使用中の音響レベルを低減することである。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to reduce the sound level during use in a shell needle roller bearing.
上記の課題を解決するために、この発明は、プレス加工で形成されるシェル型外輪の内径面に沿って、複数の針状ころを配列したシェル型針状ころ軸受において、前記外輪の内径面の面粗度を外径面の面粗度よりも細かくした構成を採用した。 In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a shell-type needle roller bearing in which a plurality of needle rollers are arranged along an inner diameter surface of a shell-type outer ring formed by pressing, and an inner diameter surface of the outer ring The surface roughness was made finer than the surface roughness of the outer diameter surface.
すなわち、シェル型外輪の内径面の面粗度を外径面よりも細かくすることにより、この内径面での針状ころの転走に伴う使用中の音響レベルを低減できるようにした。 That is, the surface roughness of the inner diameter surface of the shell type outer ring is made finer than that of the outer diameter surface, so that the sound level in use accompanying the rolling of the needle roller on the inner diameter surface can be reduced.
前記外輪内径面の周方向面粗度は、Ra0.05〜0.3μmとするのが好ましい。周方向面粗度の下限をRa0.05μmとしたのは、これよりも周方向面粗度が細かくなって内径面が滑らかになり過ぎると、転走する針状ころの弾性接触領域に保持される潤滑油が少なくなり、スミアリング等の表面損傷が生じやすくなるからである。周方向面粗度の上限をRa0.3μmとしたのは、以下の理由による。 The circumferential surface roughness of the inner surface of the outer ring is preferably Ra 0.05 to 0.3 μm. The lower limit of the circumferential surface roughness is set to Ra 0.05 μm. If the circumferential surface roughness becomes finer than this and the inner surface becomes too smooth, it is held in the elastic contact region of the needle roller that rolls. This is because the amount of lubricating oil is less and surface damage such as smearing is likely to occur. The reason why the upper limit of the circumferential surface roughness is set to Ra 0.3 μm is as follows.
本発明者らは、シェル型外輪の内径面の面粗度を変えたシェル型針状ころ軸受について、回転試験機を用いた音響測定試験を行い、内径面の周方向面粗度を細かくすると軸受の音響レベルが効果的に低減されることを知見し、後の図4に示すように、これをRa0.3μm以下にすると、音響レベルを大幅に低減できることを確認した。 The present inventors conducted an acoustic measurement test using a rotary tester on a shell-type needle roller bearing in which the surface roughness of the inner surface of the shell type outer ring was changed, and the circumferential surface roughness of the inner surface was made fine. It has been found that the acoustic level of the bearing is effectively reduced, and as shown in FIG. 4 later, it has been confirmed that the acoustic level can be greatly reduced by setting this to Ra 0.3 μm or less.
この内径面の周方向面粗度が音響レベルの低減に特に効果があるのは、つぎのように考えられる。すなわち、針状ころのころ径に対してころの回転方向の凹凸(周方向面粗度)がある程度以上に粗くなると、針状ころの上下振動が大きくなって大きな音響が発生する。針状ころのころ径は比較的小さいので、周方向面粗度がRa0.3μmを超えると、大きな音響が発生するものと思われる。 It is considered as follows that the circumferential surface roughness of the inner diameter surface is particularly effective in reducing the sound level. That is, when the irregularities (circumferential surface roughness) in the rotation direction of the rollers with respect to the roller diameter of the needle rollers become rougher than a certain level, the vertical vibrations of the needle rollers increase and a large sound is generated. Since the roller diameter of the needle roller is relatively small, it is considered that a large sound is generated when the circumferential surface roughness exceeds Ra 0.3 μm.
前記外輪内径面の軸方向面粗度は、Ra0.3μm以下とするのが好ましい。針状ころはころ径に較べてころ長が大きい。したがって、外輪内径面の幅方向の凹凸(軸方向面粗度)も針状ころの上下振動に影響し、軸方向面粗度がRa0.3μmを超えると、音響が大きくなるものと思われる。 The axial surface roughness of the inner surface of the outer ring is preferably Ra 0.3 μm or less. Needle rollers have a longer roller length than the roller diameter. Therefore, the unevenness (axial surface roughness) in the width direction of the inner surface of the outer ring also affects the vertical vibration of the needle rollers, and it seems that the sound increases when the axial surface roughness exceeds Ra 0.3 μm.
前記外輪内径面の面粗度を外径面よりも細かくする手段としては、前記シェル型外輪を形成するプレス加工にしごき工程を設け、このしごき工程における前記外輪の外径面となる外径側しごき面での潤滑条件を、略流体潤滑状態とする手段を採用することができる。 As a means for making the surface roughness of the outer ring inner diameter surface finer than the outer diameter surface, a pressing process for forming the shell type outer ring is provided, and an outer diameter side serving as the outer diameter surface of the outer ring in the ironing process is provided. It is possible to adopt means for bringing the lubrication condition on the ironing surface into a substantially fluid lubrication state.
本発明者らは、プレス試験機を用いて、SCM415鋼板の絞りしごき試験を行い、カップ成形物の内外径面の面粗度を調査した。この結果、ダイス側(カップ成形物の外径側しごき面)に潤滑性の優れた高粘度プレス加工油を塗布すると、シェル型外輪の内径面となるカップ成形物の内径面における面粗度が外径面よりも細かくなることを見出した。図7にその一例を示すが、ブランク素材の面粗度は表裏面ともRa0.49μm程度であるのに対して、カップ成形物内径面の面粗度はRa0.15μmと非常に細かくなっている。カップ成形物外径面の面粗度はRa0.44μmであり、ブランク素材の面粗度とあまり変わっていない。なお、図7に示すカップ成形物内外径面の面粗度は、いずれも軸方向に測定したものであるが、周方向に測定した面粗度もこれらとほぼ同等である。この結果は、通常の絞りしごき加工で観察されるものと逆であり、通常の絞りしごき加工では、ダイスでしごかれるカップ成形物外径面の方が細かい面粗度となり、内径面の面粗度はブランク素材の面粗度とあまり変わらない。 The present inventors conducted a squeezing and ironing test of the SCM415 steel sheet using a press tester, and investigated the surface roughness of the inner and outer diameter surfaces of the cup molded product. As a result, when high viscosity press working oil with excellent lubricity is applied to the die side (the outer diameter side ironing surface of the cup molded product), the surface roughness of the inner diameter surface of the cup molded product that becomes the inner diameter surface of the shell type outer ring is reduced. It was found to be finer than the outer diameter surface. An example is shown in FIG. 7, whereas the surface roughness of the blank material is about Ra 0.49 μm on both the front and back surfaces, whereas the surface roughness of the inner diameter surface of the cup molded product is very fine, Ra 0.15 μm. . The surface roughness of the outer diameter surface of the cup molded product is Ra 0.44 μm, which is not much different from the surface roughness of the blank material. In addition, although the surface roughness of the inner and outer diameter surfaces of the cup molded product shown in FIG. 7 is measured in the axial direction, the surface roughness measured in the circumferential direction is almost equivalent to these. This result is the opposite of what is observed with normal drawing and ironing, and with normal drawing and ironing, the outer diameter surface of the cup product that is squeezed with a die has a finer surface roughness, and the surface of the inner diameter surface. The roughness is not much different from the surface roughness of the blank material.
上記の試験結果は、以下のように考えられる。すなわち、カップ成形物外径面の面粗度が素材の面粗度とあまり変わらなかったのは、カップ成形物の外径側しごき面では、加工される素材とダイスが殆ど接触しない略流体潤滑状態であったと考えられる。このようにダイス側の潤滑条件を略流体潤滑状態にすると、ダイスとの摩擦に起因する外径側しごき面での剪断力が殆どなくなって、ポンチとダイスの間のしごき部における応力が板厚方向で均一な圧縮応力状態となり、つぎの図8で検証されるように、素材が板厚方向で均一に減厚変形するようになる。 The above test results are considered as follows. That is, the surface roughness of the outer diameter surface of the cup molded product was not much different from the surface roughness of the material. On the ironing surface on the outer diameter side of the cup molded product, the material to be processed and the die hardly contact each other. It is thought that it was in a state. In this way, when the lubrication condition on the die side is set to a substantially fluid lubrication state, there is almost no shearing force on the ironing surface on the outer diameter side caused by friction with the die, and the stress at the ironing part between the punch and the die is reduced by the plate thickness. As shown in FIG. 8, the material is uniformly reduced in thickness in the thickness direction.
図8は、前記カップ成形物の上端部の板厚断面写真を示す。上記推定を検証するように、ダイス側に潤滑性の優れたプレス加工油を塗布したカップ成形物の上端部は、板厚方向で均一に軸方向へ延伸している。このように、素材が板厚方向で均一に減厚変形して軸方向へ延伸すると、ポンチに接触するカップ成形物の内径面がポンチ表面に沿って軸方向へ相対移動し、この相対移動によるポンチ表面との摺動で内径面の面粗度が細かくなったものと考えられる。一方、通常の絞りしごき加工によるカップ成形物の上端部は、外径面側が著しく軸方向に延伸している。これは、ダイスとの摩擦に起因する剪断力でカップ成形物の外径面側が優先的に減厚変形し、内径面側があまり減厚変形しないからである。このように、内径面側があまり減厚変形しない通常の絞りしごき加工では、カップ成形物の内径面がポンチ表面と殆ど相対移動しないので、その面粗度は素材とあまり変わらない。 FIG. 8 shows a plate thickness cross-sectional photograph of the upper end portion of the cup molding. As the above estimation is verified, the upper end portion of the cup molded product in which the press working oil having excellent lubricity is applied to the die side is uniformly extended in the axial direction in the plate thickness direction. In this way, when the material is uniformly reduced in thickness in the plate thickness direction and stretched in the axial direction, the inner diameter surface of the cup molded product that comes in contact with the punch moves relative to the punch surface in the axial direction. It is considered that the surface roughness of the inner diameter surface became fine by sliding with the punch surface. On the other hand, the outer diameter surface side of the upper end portion of the cup molded product obtained by normal drawing ironing process is remarkably extended in the axial direction. This is because the outer diameter surface side of the cup molded product is preferentially reduced in thickness by the shearing force resulting from friction with the die, and the inner diameter surface side is not significantly reduced in thickness. In this way, in the normal drawing and ironing process in which the inner diameter surface side is not so thinly deformed, the inner diameter surface of the cup molded product hardly moves relative to the punch surface, so the surface roughness is not much different from that of the material.
前記外径側しごき面での潤滑条件を略流体潤滑状態とする加工方法では、図8に示したように、カップ成形物の上端面が板厚方向で均一になるので、ブランク径を小さくして歩留を向上させることができ、ブランク径を小さくすることにより、絞り加工に必要なプレス荷重も低減される。また、素材をポンチとダイスとの間で均一に減厚変形させることにより、外輪の内径真円度や筒部偏肉量を改善できることが期待される。 In the processing method in which the lubrication condition on the outer diameter side ironing surface is in a substantially fluid lubrication state, as shown in FIG. 8, the upper end surface of the cup molding is uniform in the plate thickness direction. Thus, the yield can be improved, and by reducing the blank diameter, the press load necessary for the drawing process is also reduced. In addition, it is expected that the inner ring roundness of the outer ring and the thickness deviation of the cylindrical portion can be improved by uniformly reducing and deforming the material between the punch and the die.
前記プレス加工の絞り工程での絞り回数を3回以下とし、前記しごき工程を、最終回の前記絞り工程と同時に行う絞りしごき工程とすることにより、プレス加工用の金型数と工程数を減らし、製造コストを低減することができる。また、絞り回数を減らすことにより、各金型の設定誤差等に起因するカップ成形物の寸法精度低下も抑制される。 By reducing the number of squeezing in the squeezing process of the press working to 3 times or less and making the squeezing process a squeezing and squeezing process that is performed simultaneously with the final squeezing process, the number of dies and processes for press working are reduced. The manufacturing cost can be reduced. Further, by reducing the number of times of squeezing, a reduction in the dimensional accuracy of the cup molded product due to a setting error of each mold is suppressed.
なお、絞りしごき加工では、単なる絞り加工よりも大きな絞り比が得られることが知られている。すなわち、絞り加工では縮みフランジの変形抵抗とフランジ部でのしわ押さえ力に起因する引張応力によるポンチ肩部での破断で絞り限界が決まるが、絞りしごき加工では、このポンチ肩部に作用するフランジ側からの引張応力がしごき部で遮断されるので、絞り限界が高くなって大きな絞り比を得ることができる。 Incidentally, it is known that the drawing and ironing process can obtain a larger drawing ratio than a simple drawing process. That is, in the drawing process, the drawing limit is determined by the fracture at the punch shoulder due to the tensile stress caused by the deformation resistance of the shrinkage flange and the wrinkle holding force at the flange part. Since the tensile stress from the side is blocked by the ironing portion, the drawing limit becomes high and a large drawing ratio can be obtained.
前記絞り工程での絞り回数を1回とし、前記しごき工程をこの1回の絞り工程と同時に行う絞りしごき工程とすることにより、製造コストの低減と外輪の寸法精度向上を、さらに促進することができる。 By reducing the number of times of drawing in the drawing process to one and making the ironing process a drawing and ironing process that is performed simultaneously with this one drawing process, it is possible to further promote the reduction of manufacturing costs and the improvement of the dimensional accuracy of the outer ring. it can.
前記シェル型外輪の素材をリン酸塩皮膜処理鋼鈑とすることにより、前記しごき工程における外径側しごき面でのプレス加工油の保持能力を高め、より低級なプレス加工油を用いて、外径側しごき面での潤滑条件を略流体潤滑状態とすることができる。 By making the shell type outer ring material a phosphate-coated steel plate, the holding ability of the pressing oil on the outer diameter side ironing surface in the ironing process is increased, and a lower pressing oil is used to The lubrication condition on the radial ironing surface can be set to a substantially fluid lubrication state.
この発明のシェル型針状ころ軸受は、シェル型外輪の内径面の面粗度を外径面よりも細かくし、好ましくは、その周方向面粗度をRa0.05〜0.3μmとしたので、低コストなシェル型のものでありながら、スミアリング等の表面損傷を発生させることなく、軸受使用中の音響レベルを低減できる。したがって、騒音の発生を嫌う用途に好適に使用することができる。 In the shell type needle roller bearing of this invention, the surface roughness of the inner diameter surface of the shell type outer ring is made finer than the outer diameter surface, and preferably the circumferential surface roughness is Ra 0.05 to 0.3 μm. The sound level during use of the bearing can be reduced without causing surface damage such as smearing while being a low-cost shell type. Therefore, it can be suitably used for applications where generation of noise is hated.
前記外輪内径面の面粗度を外径面よりも細かくする手段を、シェル型外輪を形成するプレス加工にしごき工程を設けて、このしごき工程における外輪の外径面となる外径側しごき面での潤滑条件を略流体潤滑状態とすることにより、カップ成形物の上端面が板厚方向で均一に近くなるので、ブランク径を小さくして歩留を向上させるとともに、絞り加工に必要なプレス荷重も低減することができる。また、素材がポンチとダイスとの間で均一に減厚変形するので、外輪の内径真円度や筒部偏肉量を改善することができる。 A means for making the surface roughness of the inner surface of the outer ring finer than that of the outer diameter surface is provided by a pressing process for forming a shell-type outer ring, and an outer diameter side ironing surface that becomes the outer diameter surface of the outer ring in the ironing process. By making the lubrication condition in the substantially fluid lubrication state, the upper end surface of the cup molded product becomes nearly uniform in the plate thickness direction, so the blank diameter is reduced and the yield is improved, and the press required for drawing The load can also be reduced. Further, since the material is uniformly reduced in thickness between the punch and the die, it is possible to improve the inner diameter roundness of the outer ring and the thickness deviation of the cylindrical portion.
前記絞り工程での絞り回数を3回以下とし、しごき工程を、最終回の絞り工程と同時に行う絞りしごき工程とすることにより、プレス加工用の金型数と工程数を減らし、製造コストを低減することができる。絞り回数を減らすことにより、各金型の設定誤差等に起因する外輪の寸法精度低下も抑制することができる。 By reducing the number of drawing in the drawing process to 3 or less and making the ironing process a drawing ironing process that is performed at the same time as the final drawing process, the number of press dies and the number of processes are reduced, thereby reducing manufacturing costs. can do. By reducing the number of apertures, it is possible to suppress a decrease in dimensional accuracy of the outer ring due to setting errors of each mold.
前記絞り工程での絞り回数を1回とし、しごき工程をこの1回の絞り工程と同時に行う絞りしごき工程とすることにより、製造コストの低減と外輪の寸法精度向上を、さらに促進することができる。 By making the number of times of drawing in the drawing process one time and making the ironing process a drawing and ironing process that is performed simultaneously with this one drawing process, it is possible to further promote the reduction of the manufacturing cost and the improvement of the dimensional accuracy of the outer ring. .
以下、図面に基づき、この発明の実施形態を説明する。このシェル型針状ころ軸受は、図1に示すように、プレス加工で形成されたSCM415製シェル型外輪1の内径面2に沿って、複数の針状ころ3を配列したものであり、各針状ころ3は、同じくプレス加工で形成されたSPCC製保持器4によって保持されている。外輪1の両端部には鍔1a、1bが形成されている。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the shell type needle roller bearing is formed by arranging a plurality of needle rollers 3 along the inner diameter surface 2 of the shell type outer ring 1 made of SCM415 formed by pressing. The needle roller 3 is held by a SPCC cage 4 that is also formed by press working. At both ends of the outer ring 1, flanges 1a and 1b are formed.
図2は、前記シェル型外輪1を製造する概略の工程を示す。まずプレス加工により、SCM415リン酸塩皮膜処理鋼鈑の円形ブランクが、1回の絞りしごき工程でカップ成形物とされ、決め押し工程でカップ底コーナ部が所定のコーナ半径に決め押し成形される。絞りしごき工程では、ダイス側に潤滑性の優れたプレス加工油が塗布され、外径側しごき面での潤滑条件が略流体潤滑状態とされる。つぎに、底抜き工程でカップ底中央部が打ち抜かれて外輪1の一方の鍔1a(図1参照)が形成され、トリミング工程でカップ上端部が均一な高さにトリミングされる。こののち、プレス加工された外輪1は、熱処理工程で浸炭焼入れ、焼戻し処理を施され、最後の組立て工程で、他方の鍔1b(図1参照)が内方への折り曲げ加工により形成される。 FIG. 2 shows a schematic process for manufacturing the shell-type outer ring 1. First, by pressing, a circular blank of SCM415 phosphate-coated steel sheet is formed into a cup molding in one drawing and ironing process, and the cup bottom corner portion is determined and pressed into a predetermined corner radius in the final pressing process. . In the squeezing and ironing process, press working oil having excellent lubricity is applied to the die side, and the lubrication condition on the ironing surface on the outer diameter side is substantially fluid lubricated. Next, the center part of the cup bottom is punched in the bottoming process to form one flange 1a (see FIG. 1) of the outer ring 1, and the upper end part of the cup is trimmed to a uniform height in the trimming process. After that, the press-processed outer ring 1 is subjected to carburizing and quenching and tempering in a heat treatment process, and in the final assembly process, the other flange 1b (see FIG. 1) is formed by bending inward.
上述した実施形態では、外輪のプレス加工における絞り工程を1回のみとし、しごき工程をこの1回の絞り工程と同時に行う絞りしごき工程としたが、絞り工程を3回以下の複数回とし、しごき工程を最終回の絞り工程と同時に行う絞りしごき工程としてもよく、しごき工程を絞り工程または決め押し工程の後で別に行ってもよい。 In the embodiment described above, the drawing process in the outer ring pressing process is performed only once, and the ironing process is a drawing ironing process performed simultaneously with this one drawing process, but the drawing process is performed three or less times and the ironing process is performed. The process may be a drawing and ironing process that is performed simultaneously with the final drawing process, or the ironing process may be performed separately after the drawing process or the final pressing process.
図2の製造工程で製造したシェル型外輪1について、その内径面2の周方向と軸方向の面粗度を測定した。測定した外輪1の寸法は、外径28mm、長さ16mm、肉厚0.95mmである。この測定には東京精密社製の表面粗さ測定機(サーフコム)を用い、外輪1を半円筒状に2分割して内径面2の面粗度を測定した。周方向面粗度は、外輪1の両端から各2mmの位置と長さ方向中央位置の3箇所で測定し、軸方向面粗度は、周方向に90°の位相で4箇所測定した。なお、図7に示したように、ブランク素材の面粗度は表裏面ともRa0.49μm程度、外輪1の外径面となるカップ成形物外径面の面粗度は、周方向、軸方向ともRa0.44μm程度である。 About the shell type outer ring 1 manufactured in the manufacturing process of FIG. 2, the surface roughness in the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the inner diameter surface 2 was measured. The measured dimensions of the outer ring 1 are an outer diameter of 28 mm, a length of 16 mm, and a wall thickness of 0.95 mm. For this measurement, a surface roughness measuring machine (Surfcom) manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd. was used, and the outer ring 1 was divided into two semi-cylindrical shapes, and the surface roughness of the inner diameter surface 2 was measured. The circumferential surface roughness was measured at three locations, 2 mm each from the both ends of the outer ring 1 and the central position in the length direction, and the axial surface roughness was measured at four locations with a 90 ° phase in the circumferential direction. As shown in FIG. 7, the surface roughness of the blank material is about Ra 0.49 μm on both the front and back surfaces, and the surface roughness of the outer diameter surface of the cup molded product that is the outer diameter surface of the outer ring 1 is the circumferential direction and the axial direction. Both are about Ra0.44 μm.
図3(a)、(b)は、上記面粗度の測定結果の一例を示す。図3(a)は、外輪1の長さ方向中央位置で測定した周方向面粗度であり、Ra0.18μmと非常に細かくなっている。図示は省略するが、両端から各2mmの位置で測定した周方向面粗度もRa0.05〜0.3μmの範囲にあり、ブランク素材や外径面の面粗度よりも細かくなっている。図3(b)は、1つの位相で測定した軸方向面粗度であり、Ra0.15μmとなっている。図示は省略するが、他の位相で測定した軸方向面粗度も、いずれもRa0.3μm以下と非常に細かくなっている。 3A and 3B show examples of the measurement results of the surface roughness. FIG. 3A shows the circumferential surface roughness measured at the center position in the length direction of the outer ring 1 and is very fine as Ra 0.18 μm. Although illustration is omitted, the circumferential surface roughness measured at positions of 2 mm from both ends is also in the range of Ra 0.05 to 0.3 μm, which is finer than the surface roughness of the blank material and the outer diameter surface. FIG. 3B shows the axial surface roughness measured with one phase, which is Ra 0.15 μm. Although illustration is omitted, the axial surface roughness measured at other phases is also very fine with Ra of 0.3 μm or less.
〔実施例A〕
実施例として、上記外輪内径面の周方向面粗度をRa0.05〜0.3μmとしたシェル型針状ころ軸受を用意した。これらの実施例のものは軸方向面粗度もRa0.3μm以下となっている。比較例として、外輪内径面の周方向面粗度がRa0.3μmを超えるシェル型針状ころ軸受も用意した。シェル型針状ころ軸受の寸法は、実施例、比較例とも外径28mm、長さ16mmである。
[Example A]
As an example, a shell-type needle roller bearing having a circumferential surface roughness of Ra 0.05 to 0.3 μm was prepared. In these examples, the axial surface roughness is Ra 0.3 μm or less. As a comparative example, a shell-type needle roller bearing having an outer ring inner diameter surface with a circumferential surface roughness exceeding Ra 0.3 μm was also prepared. The dimensions of the shell-type needle roller bearing are 28 mm in outer diameter and 16 mm in length in both Examples and Comparative Examples.
上記実施例および比較例の各シェル型針状ころ軸受を回転試験機に取り付け、音響測定試験を行った。試験条件は、以下の通りである。
・回転速度:4800rpm
・ラジアル荷重:180N
・潤滑:粘度2cSt油塗布
・音響測定位置:軸受から45°方向で距離100mmの位置
The shell type needle roller bearings of the above examples and comparative examples were attached to a rotation tester, and an acoustic measurement test was performed. The test conditions are as follows.
・ Rotation speed: 4800 rpm
・ Radial load: 180N
・ Lubrication: Viscosity 2cSt oil application ・ Sound measurement position: Position at a distance of 100 mm in a 45 ° direction from the bearing
図4は、上記音響測定試験における音響レベルの測定結果を示す。この測定結果より、内径面の周方向面粗度をRa0.05〜0.3μmとした実施例のものは、いずれも音響レベルが60dB以下となり、比較例のものに較べて音響レベルが著しく低減されていることが分かる。 FIG. 4 shows the measurement result of the acoustic level in the acoustic measurement test. From these measurement results, the examples in which the circumferential surface roughness of the inner diameter surface is Ra 0.05 to 0.3 μm all have an acoustic level of 60 dB or less, and the acoustic level is significantly reduced compared to the comparative example. You can see that.
〔実施例B〕
表1は、図2の製造工程で製造したシェル型外輪(実施例1〜6)と、従来の製造工程で製造したシェル型外輪(比較例1〜6)について、その内径真円度と筒部偏肉量を測定した結果を示す。測定した外輪の寸法は、外径28mm、長さ16mm、肉厚0.95mmであり、実施例Aのものと同じサイズである。内径真円度と筒部偏肉量の軸方向での測定位置は、前記内径面の周方向面粗度の測定位置と同じ3箇所とし、筒部偏肉量については、これらの各軸方向位置で周方向に90°の位相で4箇所、合計12箇所で測定した。内径真円度の測定にはテーラーホブソン社製の真円度測定機(タリロンド)を用い、筒部偏肉量の測定にはマイクロメータを用いた。実施例のものは、いずれも内径真円度が10μm以下、筒部偏肉量が10μm未満となっている。
[Example B]
Table 1 shows the inner diameter roundness and cylinder of the shell type outer ring (Examples 1 to 6) manufactured in the manufacturing process of FIG. 2 and the shell type outer ring (Comparative Examples 1 to 6) manufactured in the conventional manufacturing process. The result of having measured the partial thickness deviation is shown. The measured dimensions of the outer ring are an outer diameter of 28 mm, a length of 16 mm, and a wall thickness of 0.95 mm, the same size as that of Example A. The measurement positions in the axial direction of the inner diameter roundness and the cylindrical part thickness deviation are the same three positions as the measurement positions of the circumferential surface roughness of the inner diameter surface. The measurement was performed at a total of 12 positions at 4 positions with a 90 ° phase in the circumferential direction. A roundness measuring machine (Talirond) manufactured by Taylor Hobson was used for measuring the inner diameter roundness, and a micrometer was used for measuring the thickness deviation of the cylindrical portion. In all of the examples, the roundness of the inner diameter is 10 μm or less, and the thickness deviation of the cylindrical portion is less than 10 μm.
表1に示した実施例および比較例のシェル型針状ころ軸受について、軸受寿命試験を行った。各実施例および比較例のサンプル数は8個とし、軸受寿命はL10寿命(サンプルの90%が破損しないで使える時間)で評価した。試験条件は、以下の通りである。
・アキシアル荷重:9.81kN
・回転速度:5000rpm
・潤滑油:スピンドル油VG2
Bearing life tests were conducted on the shell needle roller bearings of the examples and comparative examples shown in Table 1. The number of samples in each example and comparative example was eight, and the bearing life was evaluated based on the L10 life (time in which 90% of the sample can be used without being damaged). The test conditions are as follows.
・ Axial load: 9.81kN
・ Rotation speed: 5000rpm
・ Lubricating oil: Spindle oil VG2
上記軸受寿命試験の結果を図5および図6に示す。図5は内径真円度とL10寿命の関係、図6は筒部偏肉量とL10寿命の関係である。シェル型外輪の内径真円度が10μm以下、筒部偏肉量が10μm未満である各実施例のものは、いずれもL10寿命が200時間を超え、軸受寿命が大幅に延長されている。したがって、図2の製造工程で製造されたシェル型外輪を有するシェル型針状ころ軸受は、音響レベルの低減だけでなく、軸受寿命も大幅に向上することが分かる。 The results of the bearing life test are shown in FIGS. FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the inner diameter roundness and the L10 life, and FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the cylinder thickness deviation and the L10 life. Each of the examples in which the roundness of the inner diameter of the shell type outer ring is 10 μm or less and the thickness deviation of the cylindrical portion is less than 10 μm, the L10 life exceeds 200 hours, and the bearing life is greatly extended. Therefore, it can be seen that the shell type needle roller bearing having the shell type outer ring manufactured in the manufacturing process of FIG. 2 not only reduces the sound level but also significantly improves the bearing life.
1 シェル型外輪
1a、1b 鍔
2 内径面
3 針状ころ
4 保持器
1 Shell type outer ring 1a, 1b 鍔 2 Inner diameter surface 3 Needle roller 4 Cage
Claims (4)
針状ころ軸受。 The shell needle roller bearing according to claim 1 , wherein an axial surface roughness of the outer ring inner diameter surface is set to Ra 0.3 µm or less.
行う絞りしごき工程とした請求項1又は2に記載のシェル型針状ころ軸受。 3. The shell needle roller bearing according to claim 1, wherein the number of times of drawing in the drawing step is one, and the ironing step is a drawing and ironing step that is performed simultaneously with the one drawing step.
載のシェル型針状ころ軸受。 The shell-type needle roller bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein a material of the shell-type outer ring is a phosphate-coated steel plate.
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JP2003323240A JP4429669B2 (en) | 2003-09-16 | 2003-09-16 | Shell needle roller bearing |
EP04773087.4A EP1666745B1 (en) | 2003-09-16 | 2004-09-15 | Shell-type needle roller bearing, supporting structure for compressor main shaft, and supporting structure for piston pump drive section |
CNB2004800266279A CN100425850C (en) | 2003-09-16 | 2004-09-15 | Shell-type needle roller bearing, supporting structure for compressor main shaft, and supporting structure for piston pump drive section |
US10/571,613 US20070172168A1 (en) | 2003-09-16 | 2004-09-15 | Shell type needle roller bearing, support structure for compressor spindle, and support structure for piston pump driving portion |
PCT/JP2004/013424 WO2005028887A1 (en) | 2003-09-16 | 2004-09-15 | Shell-type needle roller bearing, supporting structure for compressor main shaft, and supporting structure for piston pump drive section |
US12/453,371 US8661686B2 (en) | 2003-09-16 | 2009-05-08 | Method of manufacturing a shell type needle roller bearing including drawing and ironing operations |
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