JP4429550B2 - Manufacturing method of powdered food and drink - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of powdered food and drink Download PDF

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JP4429550B2
JP4429550B2 JP2001176053A JP2001176053A JP4429550B2 JP 4429550 B2 JP4429550 B2 JP 4429550B2 JP 2001176053 A JP2001176053 A JP 2001176053A JP 2001176053 A JP2001176053 A JP 2001176053A JP 4429550 B2 JP4429550 B2 JP 4429550B2
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powdered
tea
liquid
coffee
spray
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JP2002360229A (en
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裕一 安田
貴志 小田木
敬介 山本
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株式会社ポッカコーポレーション
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  • Tea And Coffee (AREA)
  • General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
  • Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
  • Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
  • Dairy Products (AREA)
  • Grain Derivatives (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、粉末飲食品の製造に関する。すなわち、本発明は、粉末飲料、又は粉末食品を形成する粉末粒子を加工する製造方法に関するものである。詳しくは噴霧乾燥によって得られた粉末粒子を粉砕、又は破砕、又は圧縮して、粉末中空構造を破壊し、必要に応じて造粒した粉末飲料、又は粉末食品の製造に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
液体飲料を粉末状にするには、抽出や搾汁などにより得られた液体飲料に賦形剤を添加し、噴霧乾燥を行う方法が一般的手法である。噴霧乾燥が瞬時に行われるため、飛散しやすい香り成分が保持できる点と、連続的にポーラスな粒子を効率的に生産できる点などの利点があるため頻繁に用いられている。また、噴霧乾燥だけでは湯、水に溶解したとき、ままこ(溶け残り)になることもあるため、造粒を行い粉末飲料、又は粉末食品を得ている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
噴霧乾燥、または噴霧乾燥後整粒した粉末飲料、又は粉末食品を湯や水で溶解すると、泡が発生し、溶解液表面を覆うことがしばしば見受けられるが、そのため、復元時の外観が低下するだけでなく、香り立ちが悪く、風香味も劣化し、また、溶解不良も招来され、この点の解決が希求されている。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記課題を解決するためになされたものである。従来より泡の発生を押さえるために乳化剤やシリコン等の消泡剤を用いる方法もあるが、泡の発生を抑える効果はなく、破泡速度を速めるにすぎず、発泡という原因根本を解決したわけではない。さらには、近年、消費者の食品添加物への関心度・知識度が上がり、食品添加物未使用食品が市場で広がりつつある。こういった背景より、消泡剤を使用しない方法の検討が必要であった。
【0005】
本発明は、消泡剤を使用することなく発泡を抑制、防止する新規技術を開発するため、各方面から鋭意検討の結果、液体飲食品に賦形剤を添加し、常法にしたがって噴霧乾燥した後、生成した粒子を粉砕したとき、全く予期せざることに、得られた粒子は、これを水に溶解して復元したとき、液表面にできる気泡の発生が大幅に抑制されるという新規にしてきわめて有用な知見を得、この有用新知見に基づき更に検討、研究の結果、遂に完成されたものである。
以下、本発明について詳述する。
【0006】
本発明は、液体飲食品の粉末化に関するものであって、飲食品には、飲料及び食品の双方を包含するものであり、ここで粉末化を行う液体飲料は、コーヒー飲料、茶飲料、乳飲料、果汁飲料、野菜飲料などの一般的な清涼飲料であり、そのまま或いは濃縮したものあるいはペーストを用いる。
【0007】
コーヒー飲料や茶飲料とは、従来の製法を用いて抽出した抽出液、又はこの抽出液に砂糖などの甘味料や牛乳など添加した飲料などであり、ブラックコーヒー、カフェ・オ・レ、フレーバーコーヒーなどのコーヒー飲料、緑茶、麦茶、ほうじ茶、ウーロン茶、ストレートティー、ミルクティー、レモンティー、フレーバーティ、ブレンド茶などの茶飲料が挙げられる。
【0008】
果汁飲料や野菜飲料は、これらの搾汁液、これらの濃縮果汁、ピューレやペーストなどを用いて作られた液体飲料などであり、レモンジュース、オレンジジュース、グレープフルーツジュース、アップルジュース、フルーツミックスジュース、プルーンジュース、トマトジュース、キャロットジュース、野菜ミックスジュース、又はこれらのミックスジュースなどが挙げられる。
【0009】
ここで粉末化を行う液体食品は、液状を呈する食品をすべて包含するものであって、そのまま或いは濃縮したもの或いはペースト状物も使用することができる。したがって、本発明によれば、これらの液体食品を原料として、水などの液体に溶解させたときに泡の発生が抑制され、溶解性及び風味がすぐれた各種粉末液体が製造でき、その例としては次のものが非限定的に挙げられる:粉末おもゆ、粉末マッシュポテト、粉末スープ(インスタントスープ:コンソメ、ポタージュ)、粉末ラーメンスープ、粉末ダシ、粉末ツユ、粉末醤油、粉末酢、粉末味噌汁(インスタント味噌汁)、その他。
【0010】
上記した液状を呈する飲食品は、噴霧乾燥を行う。噴霧乾燥は、常法、例えば粉末飲料の製造の常法にしたがって、行えばよく、噴霧乾燥を行う際、粉末化基材、増量材、呈味成分や芳香成分の保護を目的とし、必要に応じて賦形剤を用いる。用いられる賦形剤は、デキストリン、乳糖、デンプン、ガム類(例えば、グアーガム)などの多糖類等が挙げられる。液体中の固形分含量がブリックス50以下になるように、賦形剤を必要に応じて添加して、液体中の固形分含量の調整を行う。好ましくは、ブリックス20〜30に調整し噴霧乾燥を行う。
【0011】
噴霧乾燥は、圧力ノズル法、回転円板法、2流体ノズル法の3方法に大別され、いずれも使用できるが、液体原料のレオロジー特性、製品の物質を考慮して決定される。
加圧ノズル噴霧の場合、液体を3〜20MPa程度に加圧し、ノズル先端の円形オリフィスより流出させ微粒化する。
回転円板の場合、液体を回転円板の中心部に供給し、5000〜6000rpmの回転円板の遠心力を利用して円板周辺へ流動した後、極めて細い糸状、または、薄膜状になって微粒化する。
2流体ノズルの場合、供給液とともに圧縮空気または水または水蒸気を送り、液と気体とのせん断力を利用して噴霧、微粒化する。
【0012】
これらの特徴として、高粘性液体の噴霧に際しても、液滴径の小さい噴霧滴が得られる。一般的には、粒子径10〜500μmの噴霧乾燥物が得られる。
【0013】
本発明においては、このようにして得られた噴霧乾燥物を、粉砕処理、破砕処理、圧縮処理の少なくともひとつの処理にて処理することが必要である。これらの処理には、噴霧乾燥によって得られた粉末粒子を、微粉砕〜粉砕〜細砕〜粗砕〜破砕等のこれらを適宜の大きさにまで破壊するすべての処理が包含され、更にまた、該粉末粒子を圧縮、圧潰ないし磨砕する処理も包含される。これら破壊処理は、単独で行ってもよいし、2つ以上適宜組み合わせて行ってもよいし、同一処理を2回以上くり返して行ってもよいし、これらを適宜組み合わせて行ってもよい。
【0014】
乾燥粒子の破壊処理を行うには、既知の破壊装置が適宜使用することができるが、実用性の面からして、粉砕機や圧縮系造粒機を使用すると良い。
【0015】
粉砕機のうち代表的なものとして、微粉砕機、摩砕機、凍結粉砕機が挙げられ、これらが適宜使用される。
【0016】
微粉砕機は、主に衝撃式粉砕機とジェット粉砕機に分かれる。衝撃式粉砕機は一般にはスクリーン型、回転盤型、軸流型に大別される。具体的には、ハンマーミル、アトマイザ、ジェットマイザである。
【0017】
摩砕機は、主に回転式石臼、擂潰機に分かれる。回転式石臼として、マスコロイダーが挙げられる。擂潰機は、乳鉢と同等で摩砕と圧縮により粉砕、混練を行う装置である。
【0018】
凍結粉砕機は、常温において機械的粉砕操作が困難な原料を粉砕する方法である。その1つとして液化天然ガス(LNG)の冷熱を利用して、原料を凍結させて粉砕する低温粉砕システムがある。
粉砕機を利用する場合、粒子の大きさは50μm以下、好ましくは10μm以下に調整する必要がある。
【0019】
圧縮系造粒機のうち代表的なものとして、押し出し造粒機、乾式破砕造粒機が挙げられこれらが適宜使用される。
【0020】
押出し造粒機には、スクリュー押し出し式と回転バスケット式がある。どちらの方式も粉末状になった原料に粉体間の結合力を調整するための適量の水分または賦形剤を加え混合捏和する。大体において水分は10−20重量%のものが多いが、中には10重量%以下であったり、極端なものには70−80重量%のものもある。次に圧縮工程を行い、空隙を最小にし、さらに粒に成形するなんらかの形状の穴から押出し、カッターで0.1〜3mmに切断することにより空洞の少ない粉末飲料を得ることができる。
【0021】
乾式破砕造粒機で行う場合、噴霧乾燥原料を圧縮し、これをグラニュレータ、アトマイザなどにより粉砕して50μm〜3mmの必要に応じた大きさに整粒する。これにより空洞を減少させることが可能である。
圧縮圧力は、高ければ高いほど脱泡作用が強くなるが、それに反比例して溶解性が悪化する。溶解性が悪化した場合は、必要に応じて粉砕工程、造粒工程を行っても良い。
【0022】
上記のように加工して完成した粉末飲料をそのまま湯又は水で溶解させても良いが、粉砕粉末の粒度が低いため、溶解時にままこを生じる場合もある。その場合、流動層造粒機等を用いて造粒、整粒を行うとよい。造粒する場合は、造粒後のかさ比重が0.20〜0.50g/ml、好ましくは0.30〜0.40g/mlになるようにすると良い。
【0023】
このようにして製造された粉末飲料は、適量の湯、水、又は牛乳などを添加して溶解する。このような製造方法により、消泡剤を使用することなく、泡の発生が少なく且つ溶解性の良い粉末飲食品(粉末飲料、粉末食品が包含される)を得ることができる。
【0024】
本発明によれば、噴霧乾燥、又は噴霧乾燥後整粒した粉末飲食品を粉砕、圧縮等の破壊処理に供することによって、これを湯や水に溶解して復元した際、泡の発生を抑制ないし防止するだけでなく、溶解性や風味の劣化や低下は生じないすぐれた新規粉末飲食品が製造される。
【0025】
その作用メカニズムについては今後の研究をまたねばならないが、泡の発生防止のメカニズムについては、現時点では、一応次のように考えられる。すなわち、噴霧乾燥物粒子は、これを復元すると泡が発生し、溶解液表面を覆うことがしばしばであるが、これは、噴霧乾燥後の粒子が中空構造になっており、湯や水に溶解したときに水分が粒子に浸透し、粒子内の空洞がなくなり、空洞中の空気が細かい多数の泡を発生させ、更に、この細かい泡は互いに集まり、溶解液の表面に無数の泡の層を形成し、粉末飲食品の外観の悪化にもつながるものと考えられるところ、本発明においては、噴霧乾燥後の粒子を粉砕、圧縮したりすることにより、泡の原因のひとつとなっている該粒子中の中空構造が破壊され、その結果、起泡が抑制ないし完全に防止されるものと考えられる。
【0026】
しかしながら、噴霧乾燥物の易溶解性は、それが有する中空構造、つまり多孔性に依存するところが大きいことから、起泡防止のためにこの中空構造を破壊したにもかかわらず、本発明によって製造された粉末飲食品は卓越した溶解性を有しており、この点のメカニズムについては今後の研究をまたねばならない。ましてや、中空構造の破壊によっても、風味や品質が変化や劣化することなく維持される点のメカニズムについては更に今後の研究にまたねばならない。
【0027】
本発明は、上記したように、噴霧乾燥と粉砕ないし圧縮処理とを有機的に結合することにより、泡の防止だけでなく、泡の防止とは矛盾するとも考えられる溶解性の改良、維持のほか、風味や品質、食感の劣化防止等の著効が奏されるが、このような知見は従来知られておらず、新規である。
以下、本発明の実施例について述べる。
【0028】
【実施例1】
煎茶の茶葉1kgを10Lの湯で抽出し、ブリックス 5.0の茶抽出液を得た。抽出した茶抽出液中の茶固形分に対し4倍量のデキストリンを添加し、ブリックス 25に調整した。その調整液を噴霧乾燥で粉末化した。その粉末のかさ比重が0.35〜0.50g/mlの範囲になるように衝撃式粉砕機で粉砕し、その後、流動層造粒機にてかさ比重が0.30g/mlになるように造粒を行った。
【0029】
(比較例1)
実施例1と同様の配合で噴霧乾燥し、できた粉末を流動層造粒機でかさ比重が0.30g/mlになるように造粒を行った。
【0030】
実施例1で得られた粉末と比較例1で得られた粉末を各1gずつを100mlの湯(95℃)、及び冷水(2℃)を投入し、60rpmにて10回転の攪拌溶解させた。湯、及び冷水投入から5分間『外観』、『気泡』、『溶解性』を比較し、得られた結果を、下記表1に示す。なお、外観については、◎非常によい、○よい、×悪いで表わし、気泡については、◎気泡の発生が全く認められない、△気泡の発生が認められるが破泡する、×気泡が発生し、破泡もしない、で表示した。
【0031】
(表1)
湯(95℃)溶解

Figure 0004429550
冷水(1℃)溶解(写真参照)
Figure 0004429550
【0032】
なお、冷水溶解の場合において、実施例1及び比較例1のそれぞれについて、冷水投入を後から攪拌1分後〜5分後までの間、1分ごとに溶解性などを確認したもの(写真)を、実施例1については、図面代用写真(図1〜図6)に示し、比較例1については、図面代用写真(図7〜図12)に示した。
【0033】
これらの図面代用写真から、溶解性などについて次のことが確認された。
(実施例1:冷水溶解)
図1(冷水投入直後):大きい泡は発生するが、溶け残り(ままこ)はほとんど認められない。
図2(攪拌してから1分後):泡の発生は認められない。すべてが溶解しており、見た目が非常に良く、良好である。
図3(攪拌してから2分後):1分後の場合と状態に変化は認められず、良好である。
図4(攪拌してから3分後):1分後の場合と状態に変化は認められず、良好である。
図5(攪拌してから4分後):1分後の場合と状態に変化は認められず、良好である。
図6(攪拌してから5分後):1分後の場合と状態に変化は認められず、良好である。
【0034】
(比較例1:冷水溶解)
図7(冷水投入直後):小さい泡、大きい泡が発生し、溶け残り(ままこ)も多く浮遊しており、やや「だま」の形成が感じられる。
図8(攪拌してから1分後):多数の泡が認められるが、大きい泡は減少している。容器の壁面に細かい泡が集まり、クリーム状の泡の集団の形成の開始が認められた。
図9(攪拌してから2分後):容器の壁面には、泡の集合体により白いリングの形成が認められ、見た目に非常に悪いことが確認された。
図10(攪拌してから3分後):容器の壁面に形成された白いリング(泡の集合体)は、なかなか消滅しないことが確認された。
図11(攪拌してから4分後):上記と変化は認められず、クリーム状の泡はなかなか破泡しないことが確認された。
図12(攪拌してから5分後):5分経過後においても、結局、白いリングの消滅は認められなかった。
【0035】
【実施例2】
コーヒー豆1kgを12Lの熱湯で抽出し、ブリックス 4.0のコーヒー抽出液を得た。抽出したコーヒー抽出液中のコーヒー固形分が5倍になるよう濃縮を実施し、最終的にブリックス20のコーヒー濃縮液を調整した。このコーヒー調整液を噴霧乾燥し、乾燥粉末を圧縮造粒機にて、ロール圧100〜150kg/cm2、ロール回転3rpm、スクリュー回転5〜10rpmでスクリューの電流が1〜1.5Aとなるような条件化で圧縮成形した。さらにアトマイザーにて微粉化を行い、流動層造粒機にて造粒を行った。
【0036】
(比較例2)
実施例2と同様の配合で噴霧乾燥し、できた粉末を流動層造粒機でかさ比重が0.30g/mlになるように造粒を行った。
【0037】
(比較例3)
実施例3と同様の配合で噴霧乾燥し、粒径80μm、かさ比重0.20g/mlの噴霧乾燥粉末が得られた。
【0038】
実施例2で得られた粉末と比較例2及び3で得られた粉末を各1gずつを100mlの湯、及び牛乳に溶解させて溶解状態を比較した。得られた結果を、下記表2に示す。なお外観、気泡における記号の意味は、表1の場合と同じである。
【0039】
(表2)
湯(95℃)溶解
Figure 0004429550
牛乳(10℃)溶解
Figure 0004429550
【0040】
【発明の効果】
粉末飲食品は、従来、主としてスプレードライ方式で製造されているが、得られた粉末を溶解すると、発泡して、外観、風味、食感等が低下し、もとの液状の飲食品には復元し難いという欠点がある。
【0041】
本発明は、この欠点を、消泡剤等を使用しない全く新しい方式で解決したものであって、噴霧乾燥粉末を更に破壊して内部構造を崩壊するという溶解性を低下せしめることが充分に予測される方法をあえて採用し、泡の発生防止のほか、溶解性や風味、品質、食感については何ら影響を受けないという全く新規にして予測できない効果を確認し、図面代用写真からも明らかなようにそれを実証したものである。
【0042】
したがって、本発明によれば、復元すればもとの液状飲食品にそのままもどすことのできる従来製造し得なかった質の高い粉末飲食品を効率的、工業的に製造することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例1で製造した粉末茶を冷水に投入して溶解した際、冷水投入直後の状態を示す図面代用写真である
【図2】同じく攪拌してから1分経過後の状態を示す図面代用写真である。
【図3】同じく2分経過後の図面代用写真である。
【図4】同じく3分経過後の図面代用写真である。
【図5】同じく4分経過後の図面代用写真である。
【図6】同じく5分経過後の図面代用写真である。
【図7】比較例1で製造した粉末茶を冷水に投入して溶解した際、冷水投入直後の状態を示す図面代用写真である。
【図8】同じく攪拌してから1分経過後の状態を示す図面代用写真である。
【図9】同じく2分経過後の図面代用写真である。
【図10】同じく3分経過後の図面代用写真である。
【図11】同じく4分経過後の図面代用写真である。
【図12】同じく5分経過後の図面代用写真である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the production of powdered foods and drinks. That is, this invention relates to the manufacturing method which processes the powder particle | grains which form a powdered drink or a powdered food. Specifically, the present invention relates to the production of powdered beverages or powdered foods obtained by pulverizing, crushing, or compressing powder particles obtained by spray-drying to break the powder hollow structure and granulating as necessary.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to make a liquid beverage into a powder form, a method of adding an excipient to a liquid beverage obtained by extraction or squeezing and performing spray drying is a general technique. Since spray drying is performed instantaneously, it is frequently used because it has advantages such as the ability to retain fragrant components that are easily scattered and the ability to efficiently produce continuous porous particles. In addition, spray spraying alone may leave undissolved (undissolved) when dissolved in hot water or water, so granulation is performed to obtain a powdered beverage or a powdered food.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
When spray-dried or powdered powder or powdered food after spray-drying is dissolved in hot water or water, it is often found that foam is formed and covers the surface of the solution, but this reduces the appearance during restoration. In addition, the fragrance is not good, the flavor is deteriorated, and the poor dissolution is caused.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems. There is a method using an antifoaming agent such as an emulsifier or silicone to suppress foam generation, but there is no effect to suppress foam generation, it only speeds up the foam breaking speed, and the cause of foaming has been solved is not. Furthermore, in recent years, consumers' interest and knowledge about food additives have increased, and foods with no food additives have been spreading in the market. Against this background, it was necessary to examine a method that does not use an antifoaming agent.
[0005]
The present invention develops a new technology for suppressing and preventing foaming without using an antifoaming agent. As a result of intensive studies from various directions, an excipient is added to a liquid food or drink and spray-dried according to a conventional method. After that, when the generated particles were pulverized, unexpectedly, when the obtained particles were dissolved in water and restored, the generation of bubbles formed on the liquid surface was greatly suppressed. As a result of further investigation and research based on this useful new knowledge, it was finally completed.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0006]
The present invention relates to pulverization of liquid foods and drinks, and the foods and drinks include both beverages and foods. The liquid beverages that are powdered here are coffee drinks, tea drinks, milk Common soft drinks such as beverages, fruit juice beverages, vegetable beverages, and the like or concentrated ones or pastes are used.
[0007]
A coffee beverage or a tea beverage is an extract extracted using a conventional manufacturing method, or a beverage in which a sweetener such as sugar or milk is added to the extract, such as black coffee, cafe au lait, and flavored coffee. Coffee drinks such as green tea, barley tea, hoji tea, oolong tea, straight tea, milk tea, lemon tea, flavor tea, blend tea, and the like.
[0008]
Fruit juice drinks and vegetable drinks are liquid drinks made using these juices, concentrated fruit juices, purees and pastes, etc., lemon juice, orange juice, grapefruit juice, apple juice, fruit mix juice, prunes Examples include juice, tomato juice, carrot juice, vegetable mixed juice, or mixed juice of these.
[0009]
Here, the liquid food to be pulverized includes all foods that are in a liquid state, and can be used as it is, concentrated, or pasty. Therefore, according to the present invention, using these liquid foods as raw materials, generation of bubbles can be suppressed when dissolved in a liquid such as water, and various powder liquids with excellent solubility and flavor can be produced. Examples include, but are not limited to: powdered rice crackers, powdered mashed potatoes, powdered soup (instant soup: consomme, potage), powdered ramen soup, powdered dashi, powdered soy sauce, powdered soy sauce, powdered vinegar, powdered miso soup ( Instant miso soup) and others.
[0010]
The above-mentioned liquid food or drink is spray-dried. Spray drying may be performed according to a conventional method, for example, a conventional method for producing a powdered beverage. When spray drying is performed, it is necessary to protect a powdered base material, an extender, a taste component, and an aroma component. Use excipients accordingly. Examples of the excipient used include polysaccharides such as dextrin, lactose, starch, and gums (eg, guar gum). The excipient is added as necessary to adjust the solid content in the liquid so that the solid content in the liquid is 50 Brix or less. Preferably, spray drying is performed after adjusting to Brix 20-30.
[0011]
Spray drying is roughly classified into three methods, a pressure nozzle method, a rotating disk method, and a two-fluid nozzle method, and any of them can be used, but is determined in consideration of the rheological characteristics of the liquid raw material and the substance of the product.
In the case of pressurized nozzle spraying, the liquid is pressurized to about 3 to 20 MPa and flows out from the circular orifice at the tip of the nozzle to be atomized.
In the case of a rotating disk, liquid is supplied to the center of the rotating disk and flows to the periphery of the disk using the centrifugal force of the rotating disk at 5000 to 6000 rpm, and then becomes an extremely thin thread or thin film. To atomize.
In the case of a two-fluid nozzle, compressed air or water or water vapor is sent together with the supply liquid, and spraying and atomization are performed using the shearing force between the liquid and gas.
[0012]
As these features, spray droplets having a small droplet diameter can be obtained even when spraying a highly viscous liquid. Generally, a spray-dried product having a particle size of 10 to 500 μm is obtained.
[0013]
In the present invention, it is necessary to treat the spray-dried product thus obtained by at least one of pulverization, crushing, and compression. These treatments include all treatments for breaking the powder particles obtained by spray drying to an appropriate size, such as fine pulverization, pulverization, fine pulverization, coarse pulverization, and pulverization. A process of compressing, crushing or grinding the powder particles is also included. These destruction processes may be performed independently, may be performed in combination of two or more, or may be performed by repeating the same process twice or more, or may be performed in combination as appropriate.
[0014]
In order to perform the destruction treatment of the dry particles, a known destruction device can be used as appropriate, but from the viewpoint of practicality, it is preferable to use a pulverizer or a compression granulator.
[0015]
Typical examples of the pulverizer include a fine pulverizer, an attritor, and a freeze pulverizer, and these are appropriately used.
[0016]
The fine pulverizer is mainly divided into an impact pulverizer and a jet pulverizer. Generally, the impact pulverizer is roughly classified into a screen type, a rotary disk type, and an axial flow type. Specifically, a hammer mill, an atomizer, and a jet mizer.
[0017]
Grinders are mainly divided into rotary millstones and grinders. As a rotary millstone, there is a mass collider. A crusher is an apparatus equivalent to a mortar that performs crushing and kneading by grinding and compression.
[0018]
The freeze pulverizer is a method of pulverizing raw materials that are difficult to perform mechanical pulverization at room temperature. As one of them, there is a low temperature pulverization system in which raw materials are frozen and pulverized using the cold heat of liquefied natural gas (LNG).
When a pulverizer is used, the size of the particles needs to be adjusted to 50 μm or less, preferably 10 μm or less.
[0019]
Typical examples of the compression granulator include an extrusion granulator and a dry crushing granulator, and these are used as appropriate.
[0020]
The extrusion granulator includes a screw extrusion type and a rotating basket type. In both methods, an appropriate amount of moisture or excipient for adjusting the bonding force between the powders is added to the powdered raw material and mixed and kneaded. Most of the moisture is 10-20% by weight, but some are less than 10% by weight, and some are 70-80% by weight. Next, a powdered beverage with few cavities can be obtained by carrying out a compression step, minimizing voids, extruding from a hole having some shape to be formed into grains, and cutting to 0.1 to 3 mm with a cutter.
[0021]
When carrying out with a dry crushing granulator, the spray-drying raw material is compressed, and this is pulverized by a granulator, an atomizer or the like, and sized to 50 μm to 3 mm as required. This can reduce the cavities.
The higher the compression pressure, the stronger the defoaming action, but the solubility deteriorates in inverse proportion. When solubility deteriorates, you may perform a grinding | pulverization process and a granulation process as needed.
[0022]
The powdered beverage processed and completed as described above may be dissolved in hot water or water as it is, but since the pulverized powder has a low particle size, it may remain undissolved during dissolution. In that case, granulation and sizing may be performed using a fluidized bed granulator or the like. When granulating, the bulk specific gravity after granulation is 0.20 to 0.50 g / ml, preferably 0.30 to 0.40 g / ml.
[0023]
The powdered beverage thus produced is dissolved by adding an appropriate amount of hot water, water, milk or the like. By such a production method, it is possible to obtain powdered foods and drinks (including powdered drinks and powdered foods) that have less foaming and good solubility without using an antifoaming agent.
[0024]
According to the present invention, the powdered food or drink that has been spray-dried or sized after spray-drying is subjected to a destruction treatment such as pulverization and compression, thereby suppressing foam generation when this is dissolved and restored in hot water or water. In addition to preventing, it is possible to produce excellent powdered foods and drinks which do not cause deterioration or decrease in solubility or flavor.
[0025]
Regarding the mechanism of its action, future research must be repeated, but at present, the mechanism for preventing the generation of bubbles is thought to be as follows. In other words, when spray-dried particles are restored, bubbles often form and cover the surface of the solution, but this is because the particles after spray-drying have a hollow structure and are dissolved in hot water or water. Moisture penetrates into the particles, the cavities in the particles disappear, the air in the cavities generates a number of fine bubbles, and these fine bubbles gather together to create a myriad of foam layers on the surface of the solution. In the present invention, the particles that are one of the causes of bubbles are formed by pulverizing and compressing the particles after spray drying. It is considered that the hollow structure inside is destroyed, and as a result, foaming is suppressed or completely prevented.
[0026]
However, the easy solubility of the spray-dried product is highly dependent on the hollow structure that it has, i.e., the porosity. Powdered foods and drinks have excellent solubility, and further research on the mechanism of this point must be made. Furthermore, the mechanism of the point that the flavor and quality are maintained without change or deterioration even when the hollow structure is destroyed must be further studied.
[0027]
As described above, the present invention organically combines spray drying and pulverization or compression treatment to not only prevent foam but also improve and maintain solubility, which may be contradictory to foam prevention. In addition, there are remarkable effects such as prevention of deterioration of flavor, quality and texture, but such knowledge has not been known so far and is novel.
Examples of the present invention will be described below.
[0028]
[Example 1]
1 kg of sencha tea leaves were extracted with 10 L of hot water to obtain a tea extract of Brix 5.0. Four times the amount of dextrin was added to the tea solid content in the extracted tea extract to prepare Brix 25. The adjustment liquid was pulverized by spray drying. The powder is pulverized with an impact pulverizer so that the bulk specific gravity is in the range of 0.35 to 0.50 g / ml, and then the bulk specific gravity is 0.30 g / ml with a fluid bed granulator. Granulation was performed.
[0029]
(Comparative Example 1)
The powder was spray-dried with the same composition as in Example 1, and the resulting powder was granulated with a fluid bed granulator so that the bulk specific gravity was 0.30 g / ml.
[0030]
1 g each of the powder obtained in Example 1 and the powder obtained in Comparative Example 1 was charged with 100 ml of hot water (95 ° C.) and cold water (2 ° C.), and dissolved by stirring at 60 rpm for 10 revolutions. . Table 1 below shows the results obtained by comparing "appearance", "bubbles", and "solubility" for 5 minutes after adding hot water and cold water. Appearance is expressed as ◎ very good, ○ good, × bad, and for bubbles, ◎ no bubble generation is observed, △ bubble generation is observed but bubble breakage occurs, × bubbles are generated It is displayed with no bubble breakage.
[0031]
(Table 1)
Hot water (95 ° C) dissolution
Figure 0004429550
Dissolved in cold water (1 ° C) (see photo)
Figure 0004429550
[0032]
In addition, in the case of dissolution in cold water, for each of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the solubility and the like were confirmed every minute for 1 minute to 5 minutes after the addition of cold water after stirring (photo) Example 1 is shown in the drawing substitute photos (FIGS. 1 to 6), and Comparative Example 1 is shown in the drawing substitute photos (FIGS. 7 to 12).
[0033]
From these drawing-substituting photographs, the following were confirmed for solubility and the like.
(Example 1: Cold water dissolution)
Fig. 1 (immediately after adding cold water): Large bubbles are generated, but almost no undissolved residue is observed.
FIG. 2 (1 minute after stirring): Generation of bubbles is not observed. Everything is dissolved and looks very good and good.
FIG. 3 (2 minutes after stirring): No change is observed in the state after 1 minute, which is good.
FIG. 4 (3 minutes after stirring): No change is observed in the state after 1 minute, which is good.
FIG. 5 (4 minutes after stirring): No change is observed in the state after 1 minute, which is good.
FIG. 6 (5 minutes after stirring): No change is observed in the state after 1 minute, which is good.
[0034]
(Comparative Example 1: Cold water dissolution)
FIG. 7 (immediately after adding cold water): Small bubbles and large bubbles are generated, and a lot of undissolved residue (float) floats, so that the formation of “dama” is felt.
FIG. 8 (1 minute after stirring): Many bubbles are observed, but large bubbles are reduced. Fine bubbles gathered on the wall of the container, and the formation of a creamy foam group was observed.
FIG. 9 (2 minutes after stirring): Formation of a white ring was recognized on the wall surface of the container due to the aggregate of bubbles, and it was confirmed that the appearance was very bad.
FIG. 10 (3 minutes after stirring): It was confirmed that the white ring (aggregate of bubbles) formed on the wall surface of the container did not disappear easily.
FIG. 11 (4 minutes after stirring): The above change was not observed, and it was confirmed that the cream-like foam did not break easily.
FIG. 12 (5 minutes after stirring): Even after 5 minutes, the disappearance of the white ring was not observed.
[0035]
[Example 2]
1 kg of coffee beans were extracted with 12 L of hot water to obtain a coffee extract of Brix 4.0. Concentration was performed so that the coffee solid content in the extracted coffee extract became 5 times, and finally the coffee concentrate of Brix 20 was prepared. The coffee adjustment liquid is spray-dried, and the dry powder is compressed and granulated by a compression granulator so that the screw current is 1 to 1.5 A at a roll pressure of 100 to 150 kg / cm 2 , a roll rotation of 3 rpm, and a screw rotation of 5 to 10 rpm. Compression molding was performed under appropriate conditions. Furthermore, it atomized with the atomizer and granulated with the fluid bed granulator.
[0036]
(Comparative Example 2)
The powder was spray-dried with the same composition as in Example 2, and the resulting powder was granulated with a fluid bed granulator so that the bulk specific gravity was 0.30 g / ml.
[0037]
(Comparative Example 3)
Spray drying was performed with the same formulation as in Example 3 to obtain a spray dried powder having a particle size of 80 μm and a bulk specific gravity of 0.20 g / ml.
[0038]
1 g each of the powder obtained in Example 2 and the powder obtained in Comparative Examples 2 and 3 was dissolved in 100 ml of hot water and milk, and the dissolved states were compared. The obtained results are shown in Table 2 below. The appearance and the meaning of the symbols in the bubbles are the same as in Table 1.
[0039]
(Table 2)
Hot water (95 ° C) dissolution
Figure 0004429550
Dissolve milk (10 ° C)
Figure 0004429550
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
Powdered foods and drinks are conventionally manufactured mainly by the spray-dry method, but when the obtained powder is dissolved, it foams and the appearance, flavor, texture, etc. are reduced. There is a drawback that it is difficult to restore.
[0041]
The present invention solves this drawback by a completely new method that does not use an antifoaming agent and the like, and sufficiently predicts that the solubility of further destroying the spray-dried powder and collapsing the internal structure is lowered. In addition to preventing foaming, we confirmed the completely new and unpredictable effect of not affecting the solubility, flavor, quality, and texture. It is a demonstration of that.
[0042]
Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to efficiently and industrially produce a high quality powdered food or drink that could not be produced in the past and that can be restored to the original liquid food or drink as it is restored.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing the state immediately after charging cold water when the powdered tea produced in Example 1 is poured into cold water and dissolved. FIG. 2 shows the state after 1 minute from the same stirring. It is a drawing substitute photograph shown.
FIG. 3 is a drawing substitute photograph after two minutes have passed.
FIG. 4 is a drawing substitute photograph after 3 minutes.
FIG. 5 is a drawing substitute photograph after 4 minutes.
FIG. 6 is a drawing substitute photograph after 5 minutes.
FIG. 7 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing a state immediately after the cold water is charged when the powdered tea produced in Comparative Example 1 is dissolved in the cold water.
FIG. 8 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing a state after one minute has passed since stirring.
FIG. 9 is a drawing-substituting photograph after two minutes.
FIG. 10 is a drawing substitute photograph after 3 minutes.
FIG. 11 is a drawing substitute photograph after 4 minutes.
FIG. 12 is a drawing substitute photograph after 5 minutes.

Claims (3)

液状のコーヒー飲料又は液状の茶飲料を噴霧乾燥した後、粉末粒子に対して粉砕、破砕処理の少なくともひとつを行い、更にかさ比重が0.30〜0.40g/mlとなるよう流動層造粒処理すること、を特徴とする復元に際して泡立ちが少なく且つ溶解性にすぐれた粉末コーヒー又は粉末茶の製造法。After spray drying a liquid coffee beverage or a liquid tea beverage, the powder particles are subjected to at least one of pulverization and crushing treatment, and fluidized bed granulation so that the bulk specific gravity becomes 0.30 to 0.40 g / ml. A method for producing a powdered coffee or tea having low foaming and excellent solubility upon restoration. 液状のコーヒー飲料又は液状の茶飲料を噴霧乾燥した後、粉末粒子に対して圧縮処理を行い、粉砕処理、更にかさ比重が0.30〜0.40g/mlとなるよう流動層造粒処理を行うこと、を特徴とする復元に際して泡立ちが少なく且つ溶解性にすぐれた粉末コーヒー又は粉末茶の製造法。After spray drying a liquid coffee beverage or a liquid tea beverage, the powder particles are subjected to compression treatment, pulverization treatment, and fluidized bed granulation treatment so that the bulk specific gravity becomes 0.30 to 0.40 g / ml. And a method for producing a powdered coffee or tea with low foaming and excellent solubility upon restoration. 請求項1又は2に記載の製造法により粉末コーヒー又は粉末茶を製造すること、を特徴とする易溶解性の粉末コーヒー又は粉末茶の復元時の泡立ちを抑制ないし防止する方法。A method for suppressing or preventing foaming during restoration of easily soluble powdered coffee or powdered tea, characterized in that powdered coffee or powdered tea is produced by the production method according to claim 1 or 2.
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