JP4416500B2 - Insulated wall structure - Google Patents
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- JP4416500B2 JP4416500B2 JP2003435197A JP2003435197A JP4416500B2 JP 4416500 B2 JP4416500 B2 JP 4416500B2 JP 2003435197 A JP2003435197 A JP 2003435197A JP 2003435197 A JP2003435197 A JP 2003435197A JP 4416500 B2 JP4416500 B2 JP 4416500B2
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本発明は断熱壁構造に関し、さらに詳しくは通湿性に優れた断熱壁構造に関する。 The present invention relates to a heat insulating wall structure, and more particularly to a heat insulating wall structure excellent in moisture permeability.
従来、発泡スチロール等を面材の間に充填して、断熱性等を改良した断熱パネルについて種々提案されている（たとえば、特許文献１）。しかしながら、これらの断熱パネルは断熱性、防音性、軽量性を改良しようとするものであり、通湿性を有するとはいい難いものである。 Conventionally, various heat insulation panels have been proposed in which foamed polystyrene or the like is filled between face materials to improve heat insulation properties (for example, Patent Document 1). However, these heat insulation panels are intended to improve heat insulation, soundproofing, and light weight, and it is difficult to say that they have moisture permeability.
本発明は、断熱性、防音性（遮音・吸音）、防火・耐火性、軽量性に加えて、さらに優れた通湿性を有しうる断熱壁構造を提供するものである。 The present invention provides a heat insulating wall structure that can have excellent moisture permeability in addition to heat insulation, sound insulation (sound insulation / sound absorption), fire prevention / fire resistance, and light weight.
本発明の要旨は、片面材に発泡体が面材の厚み方向に通気性を付与しうる通気性スペーサを介して配置された断熱パネルにおいて、片面材のない側に不定形充填材を用いてもう1つの片面を形成してなり、発泡体が不連続気孔を有し、かつ面材の厚み方向に通気性を付与しうる通気性スペーサが発泡体間に装入され、発泡体と片面材との間に設けられる該通気性スペーサと発泡体間に装入される該通気性スペーサは、フェルト、シート、メッシュもしくは接着剤である断熱壁構造にある。 The gist of the present invention is that in a heat insulating panel in which a foam is disposed on a single-sided material via a breathable spacer capable of imparting air permeability in the thickness direction of the facet material , an amorphous filler is used on the side without the single-sided material. Another foam is formed between the foams, and the foam and the single-sided material are inserted between the foams, and the foam has discontinuous pores and can provide air permeability in the thickness direction of the face material. vent temper spacer is charged between vent temper spacer provided with foam between is felt, sheet, mesh or adhesive der Ru heat insulating wall structure.
本発明によれば、断熱性、防音性（遮音・吸音）、防火・耐火性、軽量性に加えて、さらに優れた通湿性を有する断熱壁構造を得ることができる。 According to the present invention, in addition to heat insulation, sound insulation (sound insulation / sound absorption), fire prevention / fire resistance, and light weight, a heat insulation wall structure having further excellent moisture permeability can be obtained.
本発明に係る壁構造に用いられる断熱パネルは、片面材に発泡体が、すなわち、発泡体の片側に面材が、通気性スペーサを介して配置されている。そして、片面材のない側には不定形充填材を用いてもう1つの片面を形成して壁構造が形成される。この片面材は好適には通湿性材料からなり、この通湿性は透湿抵抗が１〜６m２h・mmHg/ｇ、好ましくは２〜５m２h・mmHg/ｇ、である性質を有することを意味する。このような通湿性材料としては、ケイ酸カルシウム、ゼオライト、珪藻土もしくはアロフェンを主体とするもの、または木材、等が挙げられるが、好適には基材に未膨張バーミキュライトを配合してなり、かつその配合量が全組成物（固形分）の３〜７０質量％である組成物を成形して得られものが挙げられる。 As for the heat insulation panel used for the wall structure which concerns on this invention, a foam is arrange | positioned through the air permeable spacer on the single side | surface material, ie, the surface material on the one side of a foam. Then, another wall is formed on the side without the single-sided material by using an irregular filler to form a wall structure. The single-sided material is preferably made of a moisture-permeable material, and the moisture-permeable property has a property of moisture permeability resistance of 1 to 6 m 2 h · mmHg / g, preferably 2 to 5 m 2 h · mmHg / g. means. Examples of such a moisture-permeable material include calcium silicate, zeolite, diatomaceous earth, or allophane, or wood. Preferably, the base material is blended with unexpanded vermiculite. The thing obtained by shape | molding the composition whose compounding quantity is 3-70 mass% of the whole composition (solid content) is mentioned.
この基材は、後述するバーミキュライトの特性を実質的に劣化させないものであれば特に制限されないが、親水性であるのが好適である。このような親水性基材としては、たとえば、石膏、セメント、ケイ酸カルシウム、スラグ石膏またはこれらの類似物が挙げられる。これらは適宜併用することもできる。石膏は無水もしくは含水塩のいずれであってもよく、セメントもポルトランドセメントをはじめとする各種セメントを使用し得る。この場合、骨材および混和材が使用される。また、ケイ酸カルシウムとしては、とくに制限されないが、ケイ酸質原料と石灰をオートクレーブ中で水熱反応させて得られるもの（トバモライトもしくはゾノトライト）が一般的である。スラグ石膏は、高炉水砕スラグ粉末を２０〜４０％含み、２水石膏（排脱石膏）を６０〜８０％、ポルトランドセメント１〜５％混合されたものが一般的である。 The substrate is not particularly limited as long as it does not substantially deteriorate the properties of vermiculite described later, but is preferably hydrophilic. Examples of such hydrophilic substrates include gypsum, cement, calcium silicate, slag gypsum, or the like. These can be used together as appropriate. The gypsum may be either anhydrous or hydrated salt, and various cements including Portland cement can be used as the cement. In this case, aggregates and admixtures are used. The calcium silicate is not particularly limited, but calcium silicate (tobermorite or zonotrite) obtained by hydrothermal reaction of a siliceous raw material and lime in an autoclave is common. The slag gypsum generally contains 20 to 40% of granulated blast furnace slag powder and 60 to 80% of dihydrate gypsum (exhaust gypsum) and 1 to 5% of Portland cement.
一方、上記基材に配合されるバーミキュライト（ヒル石）は、ＳｉＯ２、ＭｇＯ、Ａｌ２Ｏ３を主成分とする、黒雲母に類似した薄片状の鉱物であり、一般的な黒雲母系、緑泥石系のいずれでもよく、産地により組成等に差異があっても使用し得る。比表面積(窒素吸着法)は通常１０ｍ２／ｇ以下である。粒径も特に制限されないが、通常、５ｍｍ以下、好ましくは３ｍｍ以下、特に好ましくは０．５ｍｍ以下である。 On the other hand, vermiculite (hillstone) blended with the above base material is a flaky mineral similar to biotite mainly composed of SiO 2 , MgO, and Al 2 O 3 , and is commonly used in biotite, green mud. It may be any stone type, and can be used even if there is a difference in composition etc. depending on the production area. The specific surface area (nitrogen adsorption method) is usually 10 m 2 / g or less. The particle size is not particularly limited, but is usually 5 mm or less, preferably 3 mm or less, particularly preferably 0.5 mm or less.
本発明においては、このようなバーミキュライトを実質的に未膨張の状態で使用する。すなわち、バーミキュライトは、通常１０〜２０％程度の水を含んでおり、高温（層間水が脱離し始める約３２０℃から１０００℃）での急激な加熱により脱水され、層に垂直の方向に著しく膨張して、ヒルのように伸び多孔体となる（多くは１０００℃、１〜２秒で、もとの厚さの１０〜３０倍）。したがって、本発明においては実質的にこのような膨張を得ていないものが使用される。 In the present invention, such vermiculite is used in a substantially unexpanded state. That is, vermiculite usually contains about 10 to 20% of water, dehydrated by rapid heating at a high temperature (about 320 ° C. to 1000 ° C. at which interlayer water begins to desorb), and remarkably expands in a direction perpendicular to the layer. Then, it stretches like a hill and becomes a porous body (mostly 1000 ° C., 1-2 seconds, 10-30 times the original thickness). Accordingly, in the present invention, a material that does not substantially obtain such expansion is used.
さらに本発明においては、このバーミキュライトを基材に配合するに先立ち、活性化処理したものを用いるのが好適である。活性化処理は、バーミキュライトが吸着している有機物もしくは無機物を離脱させ、本来有する調湿、吸着性能等を再構成・回復させることを目的とする。たとえば、加圧水蒸気処理、煮沸処理等が挙げられるが、好ましくは１０５℃〜２００℃の飽和蒸気圧での水蒸気処理によることができる。 Furthermore, in the present invention, it is preferable to use a product that has been activated prior to blending the vermiculite into the substrate. The purpose of the activation treatment is to remove organic or inorganic substances adsorbed by vermiculite, and to reconstitute and recover the inherent humidity conditioning, adsorption performance, and the like. For example, pressurized steam treatment, boiling treatment and the like can be mentioned, but steam treatment at a saturated vapor pressure of 105 ° C. to 200 ° C. can be preferably performed.
また、特に基材がケイ酸カルシウム系である場合には、活性化処理されていないバーミキュライトを水熱反応前に配合しても、その後にたとえば１５０℃〜２００℃程度の飽和蒸気圧でオートクレーブ処理を受けるので、結果的に活性化処理がなされることになる。
基材へのバーミキュライトの配合は、その配合量が全組成物（固形分）の３〜７０質量％、好ましくは１０％〜５０質量％になるように行われる。基材の種類、目的とする建材の性能、たとえば調湿度等、に応じて選ばれるが、好適な吸放湿の量および速度を得るためのバーミキュライトの十分なチャンネリング（ネットワーク）を形成させるには、一般的には１５質量％以上が特に好ましい。
In particular, when the substrate is a calcium silicate system, even if vermiculite that has not been activated is blended before the hydrothermal reaction, it is then autoclaved at a saturated vapor pressure of, for example, about 150 ° C. to 200 ° C. As a result, activation processing is performed.
The compounding of vermiculite to the substrate is carried out so that the compounding amount is 3 to 70% by mass, preferably 10% to 50% by mass, based on the total composition (solid content). It is selected according to the type of base material and the performance of the intended building material, such as humidity control, etc., but to form sufficient channeling (network) of vermiculite to obtain a suitable amount and speed of moisture absorption and desorption. Is generally particularly preferably 15% by mass or more.
上記の組成物には、上記の未膨張バーミキュライトのほかに、その他の目的のために建材にそれぞれの基材に固有に用いられる種々の配合材、さらには、その他を適宜配合し得る。その種類、配合量は、常法によることができる。たとえば、骨材、補強材、混和剤、軽量化材等、より具体的にはパルプ、セルロース繊維、ガラス繊維、ヒュームドシリカ、発泡ガラス、シラスバルーン、アルミナバルーン、パーライト、ワラストナイト、セピオライト、砂利、砂、有機バインダー等が適宜選択される。 In addition to the above-mentioned unexpanded vermiculite, the above-mentioned composition can be appropriately mixed with various compounding materials that are inherently used for each base material for other purposes, and further others. The kind and amount of blending can be determined by conventional methods. For example, aggregates, reinforcing materials, admixtures, lightening materials, etc., more specifically pulp, cellulose fiber, glass fiber, fumed silica, foam glass, shirasu balloon, alumina balloon, perlite, wollastonite, sepiolite, Gravel, sand, organic binder and the like are appropriately selected.
得られる組成物は、抄造成形、押出し成形、プレス成形、鋳込み成形等の常法により、ボード等の所望の形状、大きさの面材とすることができる。一般的にはボードの場合、工業的には、いわゆる抄造機を用いた抄造成形が選ばれる。 The resulting composition can be used as a face material having a desired shape and size, such as a board, by conventional methods such as papermaking, extrusion, press molding, and casting. In general, in the case of a board, papermaking molding using a so-called papermaking machine is industrially selected.
このように未膨張バーミキュライトを用いて得られる面材は、通湿性を有し、適度な放湿特性を有するので、調湿機能に優れる。たとえば、吸湿および放湿のバランス、量および速度に優れる。したがって、結露、ソリ等を防止でき、さらにはカビ、ダニ等の繁殖を効果的に抑制できる。さらに、面材の内側、たとえば発泡体の表面、で結露が発生しても、面材は吸水性に優れているため外側に水を吸水、放出しうる。さらに、消臭機能に優れる。たとえば、本発明の面材は、ホルムアルデヒド、トルエン、キシレン等の揮発性化学物質もしくは臭いのあるガス類を吸着・分解しうる。 Thus, the face material obtained using the unexpanded vermiculite has moisture permeability and has an appropriate moisture releasing property, and therefore has an excellent humidity control function. For example, the balance, amount and speed of moisture absorption and moisture release are excellent. Therefore, it is possible to prevent condensation, warping, and the like, and to effectively suppress the growth of mold, mites, and the like. Furthermore, even if condensation occurs on the inside of the face material, for example, on the surface of the foam, the face material is excellent in water absorption, so water can be absorbed and released to the outside. Furthermore, it has an excellent deodorizing function. For example, the face material of the present invention can adsorb and decompose volatile chemical substances such as formaldehyde, toluene, xylene or odorous gases.
本発明において片面材の裏面側に配置される発泡体としては、好適にはたとえばポリスチレン、ポリエチレン、ポリウレタン等のプラスチック発泡体が挙げられるが、特にポリスチレンが好適である。発泡体の形状は特に制限されないが、施工の容易さ等の点から、ブロック状であるのが好適であり、適宜その大きさに応じてレンガ積みのように縦および横方向に構成される。この発泡体は面材の厚み方向に連続気孔を有するのが好適であるが、スリットもしくは貫通孔を有するときには不連続気孔であってもよい。 In the present invention, examples of the foam disposed on the back side of the single-sided material include plastic foams such as polystyrene, polyethylene, and polyurethane. Polystyrene is particularly preferable. The shape of the foam is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the form of a block from the viewpoint of easiness of construction and the like, and is configured in the vertical and horizontal directions like bricks depending on the size as appropriate. The foam preferably has continuous pores in the thickness direction of the face material, but may have discontinuous pores when having slits or through holes.
本発明において発泡体がスペーサを介して面材の裏面に配置されるとき、スペーサは面材の厚み方向に気体を拡散し、かつ発泡体の変形を防止する機能を有する。具体的には不織布等のフェルト；パルプシート、バブルドシート等のシート；メッシュ；ワイヤ；接着剤（モルタル、樹脂モルタル、水ガラス等）等を用いることができる。 In the present invention, when the foam is disposed on the back surface of the face material via the spacer, the spacer has a function of diffusing gas in the thickness direction of the face material and preventing deformation of the foam. Specifically, felts such as nonwoven fabrics; sheets such as pulp sheets and bubbled sheets; meshes; wires; adhesives (mortar, resin mortar, water glass, etc.) and the like can be used.
発泡体が面材の厚み方向に不連続気孔を有し、しかもスリットもしくは貫通孔を有しないときには、発泡体間に通気性スペーサを装入して面材の厚み方向に通気性を付与しうるが、この場合特に通気性を保持するために上記の接着剤が好適である。 When the foam has discontinuous pores in the thickness direction of the face material and does not have slits or through holes, a breathable spacer can be inserted between the foam materials to provide air permeability in the thickness direction of the face material. However, in this case, the above-mentioned adhesive is particularly preferable in order to maintain air permeability.
さらに、本発明においては、発泡体に設けられた係合部を用いて面材と発泡体を接合し、その間に上記のスペーサを用いることもできる。このような係合部としては、特に制限されないが、好適には蟻足が挙げられ、スペーサとしてモルタルもしくは樹脂モルタルを用いることにより剛体感を生じ、漆喰壁的な感触を付与しうる。 Furthermore, in this invention, a face material and a foam can be joined using the engaging part provided in the foam, and said spacer can also be used between them. Such an engaging portion is not particularly limited, but preferably includes a dovetail. By using a mortar or a resin mortar as a spacer, a rigid body feeling can be generated and a stucco wall-like feel can be imparted.
本発明の断熱パネル同士は締結金具で締結され、締結具としては、くぎ、小ねじ、ボルト・ナット、びょう、ステープルもしくはピンが好適に使用される。 The heat insulating panels of the present invention are fastened with a fastener, and a nail, a small screw, a bolt / nut, a bottle, a staple, or a pin is preferably used as the fastener.
本発明においては、断熱パネルは柱、間柱、梁等の構造部材にハンギングして取付けることもできる。 In the present invention, the heat insulating panel can be attached to a structural member such as a pillar, a stud, and a beam by hanging.
本発明においては、上記のように、断熱パネルの片面材のない側には不定形充填材を充填してもう1つの片面を形成して壁構造が形成される。このような不定形充填材としては、通気性はあるが撥水性のものが好適であり、特に好適にはモルタル、樹脂モルタルもしくは漆喰が用いられる。充填方法は特に制限されず、常法によることができる。たとえば、コテ塗り、吹付け塗り等によることができる。不定形充填材の充填前に発泡体上に不織布等のフェルト；パルプシート、バブルドシート、透湿防水シート等のシート；メッシュ；ワイヤ等のスペーサを配置することもできる。 In the present invention, as described above, the wall structure is formed by filling the non-single side of the heat insulation panel with the irregular shaped filler to form another side. As such an amorphous filler, a breathable but water-repellent material is suitable, and mortar, resin mortar or plaster is particularly preferably used. The filling method is not particularly limited, and can be based on a conventional method. For example, trowel coating, spray coating, or the like can be used. A felt such as a nonwoven fabric; a sheet such as a pulp sheet, a bubbled sheet, and a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet; a mesh; a spacer such as a wire may be disposed on the foam before filling with the amorphous filler.
次に、本発明を実施例によりさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例により限定されるものではない。なお部は質量部を表わす。
参考例１
ケイ酸質原料としてケイ石粉末２７部、石灰質原料として消石灰２７部および補強繊維としてパルプ６部、さらに未膨張バーミキュライト（南ア産、粒径０．２５〜０．５ｍｍ）４０部を出発原料として、これらに水を添加して混合し固形分約１２％のスラリーとし、抄造機により生シートを形成させた後、オートクレーブ中（１６０〜１８０℃、約１０時間）で加圧養生させ、ついで８０℃未満で所定の含水率になるまで乾燥させ、ケイ酸カルシウムボード（９１０ｍｍ×１８２０ｍｍ×９.５ｍｍ）を得た。
参考例２
ケイ石粉末４２部、消石灰４２部、パルプ６部および未膨張バーミキュライト１０部を用いて参考例１と同様にして珪酸カルシウムボードを得た。
参考例３
スラグ粉末４４部、排煙脱硫石膏粉末４４部、パルプ７部および未膨張バーミキュライト５部に水を添加して混合し固形分約１２％のスラリーとした。ついで、抄造機で生シートを形成し、その後約８０℃で約１２時間、蒸気養生させ、さらに８０℃未満で乾燥させてスラグ石膏ボード（９１０ｍｍ×１８２０ｍｍ×９.５ｍｍ）を得た。
参考例４
半水石膏６０部、未膨張バーミキュライト４０部および水２４部を混合し、得られた混合物を所定の型に鋳込み成形して板状とし、ついで常温で養生し、さらに８０℃未満で乾燥して石膏ボード（９１０ｍｍ×１８２０ｍｍ×９.５ｍｍ）を得た。
参考例５
セメント５４部、フライアッシュ２５部、パルプ６部、未膨張バーミキュライト５部およびパーライト１０部に水を添加して混合し固形分約１２％のスラリーとした。ついで、抄造機で生シートを形成し、その後約４０〜７０℃で約１２時間、蒸気養生させ、ついで取り出して自然養生させてセメントボード（９１０ｍｍ×１８２０ｍｍ×９.５ｍｍ）を得た。
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited by these Examples. The part represents part by mass.
Reference example 1
As a starting material, 27 parts of silica powder as a siliceous material, 27 parts of slaked lime as a calcareous material and 6 parts of pulp as a reinforcing fiber, and 40 parts of unexpanded vermiculite (produced in South Africa, particle size of 0.25 to 0.5 mm), Water is added to and mixed with these to form a slurry having a solid content of about 12%, a green sheet is formed by a papermaking machine, and then subjected to pressure curing in an autoclave (160 to 180 ° C., about 10 hours), and then 80 ° C. And dried to a predetermined moisture content to obtain a calcium silicate board (910 mm × 1820 mm × 9.5 mm).
Reference example 2
A calcium silicate board was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 using 42 parts of silica powder, 42 parts of slaked lime, 6 parts of pulp and 10 parts of unexpanded vermiculite.
Reference example 3
Water was added to 44 parts of slag powder, 44 parts of flue gas desulfurized gypsum powder, 7 parts of pulp and 5 parts of unexpanded vermiculite and mixed to obtain a slurry having a solid content of about 12%. Next, a green sheet was formed with a paper machine, then steam cured at about 80 ° C. for about 12 hours, and further dried at less than 80 ° C. to obtain a slag gypsum board (910 mm × 1820 mm × 9.5 mm).
Reference example 4
60 parts of hemihydrate gypsum, 40 parts of unexpanded vermiculite and 24 parts of water are mixed, the resulting mixture is cast into a predetermined mold to form a plate, then cured at room temperature, and further dried at less than 80 ° C. A gypsum board (910 mm × 1820 mm × 9.5 mm) was obtained.
Reference Example 5
Water was added to 54 parts of cement, 25 parts of fly ash, 6 parts of pulp, 5 parts of unexpanded vermiculite and 10 parts of pearlite and mixed to obtain a slurry having a solid content of about 12%. Next, a green sheet was formed with a papermaking machine, then steam-cured at about 40 to 70 ° C. for about 12 hours, then taken out and naturally cured to obtain a cement board (910 mm × 1820 mm × 9.5 mm).
参考例１〜５で得られたボードは、いずれも透湿抵抗２〜５m２h・mmHg/ｇ（たとえば参考例１：約３．６m２h・mmHg/ｇ）を有するものであった。
実施例１
参考例１〜５で得られたボードを面材として用いて、木製の枠組（四辺＋中央に縦１つ）の片面にビスで取り付け、さらにポリスチレン製のブロック状発泡体（幅１２０×長さ３００×高さ２２０ｍｍ）（面材の厚み方向にスリットを有する）を充填し、面材の裏面にはフェルトを配置して、図１に示す断面を有する片面型断熱パネルを得た（１は枠組、２は面材、３は発泡体、４はスペーサを示す）。得られた断熱パネルの片面材のない側に不定形充填材として漆喰を用いて充填して片面５を形成させて断熱壁構造を得た。得られた断熱壁構造は、断熱性、防音性（遮音・吸音）、防火・耐火性、軽量性に加えて、さらに優れた通湿性を有していた。
The boards obtained in Reference Examples 1 to 5 each had a moisture permeability resistance of 2 to 5 m 2 h · mmHg / g (for example, Reference Example 1: about 3.6 m 2 h · mmHg / g).
Example 1
Using the board obtained in Reference Examples 1 to 5 as a face material, it is attached to one side of a wooden frame (four sides + one in the center) with screws, and further a block foam made of polystyrene (width 120 x length) 300 × height 220 mm) (having slits in the thickness direction of the face material), and felt was disposed on the back surface of the face material to obtain a single-sided heat insulation panel having a cross section shown in FIG. (Framework, 2 is a face material, 3 is a foam, 4 is a spacer). The side without the single-sided material of the obtained heat-insulating panel was filled with stucco as an irregular filler to form a single-sided 5 to obtain a heat-insulating wall structure. In addition to heat insulation, sound insulation (sound insulation / sound absorption), fire prevention / fire resistance, and light weight, the obtained heat insulating wall structure had further excellent moisture permeability.
本発明によれば、優れた特性を有する断熱壁構造を得ることができる。 According to the present invention, a heat insulating wall structure having excellent characteristics can be obtained.
１…枠組
２…面材
３…発泡体
４…スペーサ
５…片面（不定形充填材）
DESCRIPTION OF
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| JP2003435197A JP4416500B2 (en) | 2003-12-26 | 2003-12-26 | Insulated wall structure |
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| JP2003435197A JP4416500B2 (en) | 2003-12-26 | 2003-12-26 | Insulated wall structure |
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| CN103031904A (en) * | 2011-10-10 | 2013-04-10 | 湖南华廷筑邦建材有限公司 | Cast-in-place reinforced concrete thermal insulation wall |
| CN105220779B (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2017-09-22 | 枫林环保科技股份有限公司 | A kind of multifunctional green construction material |
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