JP4414844B2 - Reinforcement method of natural ground - Google Patents

Reinforcement method of natural ground Download PDF

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JP4414844B2
JP4414844B2 JP2004250361A JP2004250361A JP4414844B2 JP 4414844 B2 JP4414844 B2 JP 4414844B2 JP 2004250361 A JP2004250361 A JP 2004250361A JP 2004250361 A JP2004250361 A JP 2004250361A JP 4414844 B2 JP4414844 B2 JP 4414844B2
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pipe
ground
drilling
excavation
drill
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智久 須川
高俊 山下
範男 黒沼
伸一 吉野
康人 小西
卓也 海原
康志 重吉
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Hokkaido Railway Co
Sumitomo Mitsui Construction Co Ltd
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Sumitomo Mitsui Construction Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、例えばトンネルや地下道などの横坑を構築する際に、掘削する地山の安定化を図るために、予め周辺地山の補強を行う補強工法であって、特に二重管削孔によって横坑掘削を行うと共に、この横坑には中空の補強芯材を設けて定着材を注入し、補強芯材と硬化した定着材による円柱状パイルを地盤中に埋設し、強化地盤を造成して補強するようにした地山の補強工法に関する。   The present invention is a reinforcement method for reinforcing surrounding natural ground in advance in order to stabilize the natural ground to be excavated, for example, when constructing a horizontal shaft such as a tunnel or an underground passage, and in particular, double pipe drilling In addition to excavating the horizontal shaft, a hollow reinforcing core material is provided in this horizontal shaft, a fixing material is injected, and a cylindrical pile of the reinforcing core material and the hardened fixing material is buried in the ground to create a reinforced ground. This is related to the method of reinforcing natural ground.

トンネルや地下道などの横坑を構築する際に、軟弱地盤の場合には薬液注入その他の地盤改良工法で補強して自立させる必要があると共に、例えば鉄道下の立体交差道路用ボックスカルバート構築などのように、地盤の上部に建物や道路或いはその他の既存設備がある場合には、地盤を乱したり緩みの無い状態で強化地盤を造成し、これら既存設備に影響を及ぼさないように地山の補強を行う必要がある。   When constructing horizontal tunnels such as tunnels and underpasses, in the case of soft ground, it is necessary to reinforce it with chemical solution injection and other ground improvement methods, and for example, building a box culvert for a three-dimensional intersection under a railway Thus, if there are buildings, roads or other existing equipment on the top of the ground, reinforced ground should be created without disturbing the ground or loosening, so as not to affect these existing equipment. Reinforcement is necessary.

そのための地山の補強工法としては、例えば特許文献1〜4に開示されているような先行技術があり、これらの先行技術では、同心状に配置した外管と内管の二重管を用いて先端に装着した削孔ビットで二重管の先端側を掘削し、掘削深度に合わせて単位長さの外管と内管を後端側に継ぎ足しながら所定深度の横坑を削孔するが、掘削時には削孔ビットに対して回転と押圧及び必要に応じて衝撃を加え、内管に形成した給水通路から掘削水やエアなどを供給したり、スライムを内管と外管の間に形成した排泥通路から排土するようにしている。   For this purpose, for example, there is a prior art disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 4 as a method for reinforcing a natural ground, and these prior arts use a double pipe of an outer pipe and an inner pipe arranged concentrically. Drilling the tip side of the double pipe with a drilling bit attached to the tip, and drilling a horizontal shaft of a predetermined depth while connecting the outer pipe and inner pipe of unit length to the rear end side according to the drilling depth. During drilling, the drill bit is rotated and pressed, and impact is applied as necessary to supply drilling water and air from the water supply passage formed in the inner pipe, and slime is formed between the inner pipe and the outer pipe. The soil is discharged from the drainage passage.

また、所定長さの横坑を削孔した後に削孔ビット及び内管を取り外し、外管を地山に残置して補強芯材にしたり、外管内にさらに補強芯材を挿入した後に、セメントミルクその他のグラウト材による定着材を注入して外管内に充填すると共に、外管の外周に開口させた吐出孔から定着材を流動させて外管の周辺地山に浸透させ、補強芯材と硬化して周辺地山に定着した定着材による円柱状パイルを造成し、地山中に同様の構成による複数の円柱状パイルを平行状に造成することによって、地山を自立可能に補強している。   In addition, after drilling a horizontal shaft of a predetermined length, remove the drill bit and inner pipe, leave the outer pipe on the ground and use it as a reinforcing core, or insert a reinforcing core into the outer pipe. A fixing material made of milk or other grout material is injected and filled into the outer tube, and the fixing material is allowed to flow from the discharge holes opened on the outer periphery of the outer tube to penetrate into the surrounding ground of the outer tube, A cylindrical pile made of fixing material that has hardened and settled in the surrounding ground is created, and a plurality of cylindrical piles of the same configuration are created in parallel in the ground to reinforce the ground in a self-supporting manner. .

特開2000−320290号公報JP 2000-320290 A 特開2000−34883号公報JP 2000-34883 A 特開平10−184265号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-184265 特許第2955279号公報Japanese Patent No. 2955279

これら特許文献などの従来技術の場合には、二重管の先端に装着した削孔ビットによって、二重管の前方地山に対して掘削が行われるので、削孔した横坑の内周面と外管の外周面の間に空隙が発生して周辺地山を乱したり緩める恐れがあること、この空隙は外管を補強芯材とした円柱状パイルの地盤との定着力を低下させるので、外管の外周面に吐出孔を開口させた有孔管を用いて、吐出孔から定着材を外管の周囲にも流動させて定着を行う必要があること、外管を有孔管にすると土砂が目詰まりして二重管の推進抵抗が増大すること、などの解決を必要とする課題が残されていた。   In the case of the prior art such as these patent documents, since the excavation is performed on the front ground of the double pipe by the drilling bit attached to the tip of the double pipe, the inner peripheral surface of the drilled horizontal shaft There is a risk that a gap will occur between the outer circumference of the outer pipe and the surrounding ground, which may disturb or loosen the surrounding ground, and this gap will reduce the fixing force with the ground of the cylindrical pile with the outer pipe as the reinforcing core Therefore, it is necessary to perform fixing by using a perforated pipe having a discharge hole on the outer peripheral surface of the outer pipe, and allowing the fixing material to flow around the outer pipe from the discharge hole, and to fix the outer pipe to the perforated pipe. In this case, problems such as clogging of the earth and sand and increase in the propulsion resistance of the double pipe remained.

また、外管は円柱状パイルの補強芯材として埋め殺しされるので、回収して繰り返し再利用ができないこと、特に湧水の多い地盤の場合には、外管の外周面に発生した上記空隙に沿って湧水が流動して外管の周辺地山を軟弱化させたり、湧水でスライム化した土砂が吐出孔から外管内へ取り込まれて空隙を一層拡大させ、周辺地山を崩壊させる恐れがあると共に、吐出孔から定着材を外管の外周に流動させた際に、硬化する以前に湧水によって押し流されたり、薄められて地山に対する円柱状パイルの定着力が低下する恐れがあること、などの課題もあった。   In addition, since the outer pipe is buried as a reinforcing core material for the cylindrical pile, it cannot be recovered and reused repeatedly. In particular, in the case of ground with a lot of spring water, the void generated on the outer peripheral surface of the outer pipe The spring water flows along the outer pipe and softens the surrounding natural ground, or the soil that has been slimmed with the spring water is taken into the outer pipe from the discharge hole to further expand the void and collapse the surrounding natural ground In addition, there is a risk that when the fixing material flows from the discharge hole to the outer circumference of the outer tube, it is pushed away by spring water before it is hardened, or the fixing force of the cylindrical pile against the natural ground may be reduced. There were also issues such as being.

本発明は、これら従来技術の課題を解決し得る地山の補強工法であって、削孔した横坑の内周面と外管の外周面の間に空隙が発生しないように掘削を行い、周辺地山を乱したり緩める恐れがないようにすると共に、円柱状パイルの地盤との定着力を強固にすること、外周面に孔の無い無孔管による外管を用いて目詰まりによる推進抵抗の増大をなくすと共に、特に湧水の多い地盤の場合でも、外筒の先端から湧水が侵入するのを抑制し且つ、湧水が外筒の外周面に沿って流動することを抑制して周辺地山の崩壊を防止できること、外管で孔壁を保護して良好な掘削が可能であること、などを主たる目的としている。 The present invention is a ground reinforcement method that can solve the problems of these prior art, excavation so that no voids are generated between the inner peripheral surface of the drilled horizontal shaft and the outer peripheral surface of the outer pipe, In order not to disturb or loosen the surrounding natural ground, to strengthen the fixing force with the ground of the cylindrical pile, and to promote by clogging using an outer tube with a non-perforated tube with no holes on the outer peripheral surface In addition to eliminating an increase in resistance, even in the case of ground with a large amount of spring water, it is possible to suppress the intrusion of spring water from the tip of the outer cylinder and to prevent the spring water from flowing along the outer peripheral surface of the outer cylinder. The main purpose is to prevent the collapse of surrounding ground and to protect the hole wall with an outer pipe and to excavate well.

また、外周面に孔の無い無孔管による外管を用いると、所定深度まで横坑の削孔を完了した後に行う定着材の充填作業においても、地盤中に残置した外管内に定着材を注入すると、この定着材は外管の外周面で湧水と接触することがないと共に、定着材が外管内に残留する湧水を外管の先端側から押し出して定着材に置換することが可能であるから、地盤に対する円柱状パイルの定着力を強固にすることができ、さらに定着材を外管内に充填させた後に引き抜いて回収し、繰り返して再利用できるので経済的であること、などを他の主たる目的としている。   In addition, when an outer tube made of a non-perforated tube with no holes on the outer peripheral surface is used, the fixing material is put into the outer tube left in the ground even in the filling operation of the fixing material performed after completing the drilling of the horizontal shaft to a predetermined depth. When injected, the fixing material does not come into contact with the spring water on the outer peripheral surface of the outer tube, and the fixing material can push out the remaining spring water in the outer tube from the distal end side of the outer tube and replace it with the fixing material. Therefore, the fixing force of the cylindrical pile on the ground can be strengthened, and further, it is economical because it can be withdrawn and collected after the fixing material is filled in the outer tube and reused repeatedly. Has other main purposes.

本発明は、外管と内管とを有する二重管を用いて地盤掘削して所望深度の横坑を削孔した後この横坑内に補強芯材を挿入すると共に、定着材を充填して円柱状パイルによる補強地盤を造成する地山の補強工法であって、前記外管を、外周面に孔の無い掘削パイプで構成し、前記内管を、給水通路を有する中空の掘削ロッドで構成し、掘削パイプを掘削ロッドに先行させて地盤中に圧入し、無水掘削によって掘削パイプの内部に掘削土砂を取り込む一次掘削を行一次掘削で取り込んだ掘削土砂に対して掘削ロッドの給水通路から掘削水を噴射して流動化させ、掘削パイプと掘削ロッドとのに形成される排泥通路からスライムを外部へ排出する二次掘削及び排土作業を行う。(請求項1) The present invention, after using a double tube having an outer tube and the inner tube excavated ground by drilling the adit desired depth, while inserting a reinforcing core member in the lateral downhole, filling the fixing material a strengthening method of the natural ground to construct a reinforcing ground by cylindrical piles, and the outer tube, constituted by no drill pipe having holes in the outer peripheral surface, said inner tube, a hollow drill rod having a water supply passage in constructed, by prior drilling pipe drill rod pressed into the ground, have rows of primary drilling incorporating drilling soil inside the drill pipe with anhydrous drilling, the drill rod relative to the captured excavated earth and sand in the primary drilling The drilling water is jetted from the water supply passage and fluidized, and the secondary excavation and soil removal work is performed to discharge the slime to the outside from the mud passage formed between the drill pipe and the drill rod. (Claim 1)

前記地山の補強工法において、前記掘削パイプは、複数の定尺パイプからなり、該定尺パイプを後端側に継ぎ足しながら地盤中に圧入すると共に、前記掘削ロッドは、複数の定尺ロッドからなり、該定尺ロッドを後端側に継ぎ足しながら掘削パイプ中に挿入し、掘削ロッドの先端が掘削パイプの先端より後方に位置する状態で後続して二次掘削作業を行うことにより、先端の定尺パイプ内に取り込んだ掘削土砂が湧水の侵入を防止する地盤保護領域を形成する形態を採ることができる。(請求項2) In Retrofit for the ground mountains, the drill pipe comprises a plurality of fixed-length pipes, with press-fitted into the ground while replenishing the fixed-length pipe to the rear end side, the drill rod from a plurality of fixed-length rods becomes, while replenishing the fixed-length rod on the rear end side inserted into the drill pipe, subsequent to the secondary excavation work by the row Ukoto in a state in which the leading end of the drill rod is positioned behind the front end of the drill pipe, the tip It is possible to take a form in which the excavated earth and sand taken into the regular pipe form a ground protection area that prevents intrusion of spring water. (Claim 2)

前記地山の補強工法において、前記所望深度の横坑を削孔した後に前記掘削パイプを地盤中に残置させ、この掘削パイプ内に化プラスチック材によるインサートパイプを挿入し、インサートパイプの内外に定着材を充填する一次定着作業を行った後掘削パイプを引き抜いて回収すると共に、引き抜きにより形成された空隙に対して定着材を充填する二次定着作業を行い、硬化した定着材によってインサートパイプを補強芯材とした円柱状パイルを形成することで補強地盤を造成する形態を採ることができる。(請求項3) In Retrofit for the ground mountains, the drill pipe after drilling the adit of the desired depth is left on in the ground, insert the insert pipe by strengthening plastic material in the drill pipe, inside and outside of the insert pipe after primary fixing work of filling the fixing member, is recovered by withdrawal of the drill pipe, performs secondary fixing work of filling the fixing member against the voids formed by-out pull disconnect, the hardened fixing material It is possible to adopt a form in which a reinforced ground is formed by forming a cylindrical pile using an insert pipe as a reinforcing core. (Claim 3)

請求項1又は請求項2の地山の補強工法によると、坑壁を掘削パイプで保護して空隙のない状態で横坑の削孔が行われるので、周辺地山を乱したり緩めたりすることがないと共に、掘削パイプ内に取り込んだ掘削土砂が湧水の侵入を防止しているので、前方地山を緩めたり崩壊させる恐れがなく、取り込んだ掘削土砂は後続する掘削ロッドによる二次掘削及び排土作業で、容易且つ安全に外部へ排出して横坑の削孔を行うことが可能である。   According to the natural ground reinforcement method of claim 1 or claim 2, since the drilling of the horizontal shaft is performed without a gap by protecting the well wall with the excavation pipe, the surrounding natural ground is disturbed or loosened. In addition, there is no risk of loosening or collapsing the front ground because the excavated earth and sand taken in the drill pipe prevent the intrusion of spring water, and the taken excavated earth and sand is secondary excavated by the following excavating rod. In addition, it is possible to easily and safely discharge to the outside and perform drilling of the horizontal shaft in the earth removal work.

請求項3の地山の補強工法によると、一次定着作業でインサートパイプに充填した定着材は、掘削パイプで保護された状態で外周面では湧水と接触することがないと共に、外管内に残留する湧水を掘削パイプの先端側から押し出して定着材に置換できるので、地盤に対する円柱状パイルの定着力を強固にすることができ、また掘削パイプを二次定着作業の前に引き抜いて回収し、繰り返して再利用できるので経済的であること、などの効果を期待することができる。   According to the natural ground reinforcement method of claim 3, the fixing material filled in the insert pipe in the primary fixing work does not come into contact with the spring water on the outer peripheral surface in a state protected by the excavation pipe, and remains in the outer pipe. Can be pushed out from the tip side of the excavation pipe and replaced with fixing material, so that the fixing force of the cylindrical pile against the ground can be strengthened, and the excavation pipe is pulled out and collected before the secondary fixing work. Since it can be reused repeatedly, it can be expected to be economical.

本発明による地山の補強工法について、本発明を適用した好適な実施形態を示す図1〜7の添付図面に基づいて詳細に説明すると、図1及び図2は第1及び第2の実施形態による掘削工程で共通に実施する削孔開始位置近辺における初期掘削作業を示す模式的な縦断面図であり、例えばロータリーパーカッションドリルなどのボーリングマシン(図示を省略)を用いて、図1(a)のように外周面に孔の無い掘削パイプ2を外管としてその後端側に打撃を加えながら押圧し、側面側から地盤1中に圧入することによって、掘削パイプ2内に掘削土砂4を取り込む無水削孔が行われる。   The ground reinforcement method according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings of FIGS. 1 to 7 showing a preferred embodiment to which the present invention is applied. FIGS. 1 and 2 show the first and second embodiments. FIG. 1A is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing an initial excavation work in the vicinity of a drilling start position that is commonly performed in an excavation process by, for example, using a boring machine (not shown) such as a rotary percussion drill; In this way, the drilling pipe 2 having no hole on the outer peripheral surface is pressed as an outer pipe while striking the rear end side, and pressed into the ground 1 from the side surface side, so that the drilling sediment 4 is taken into the drilling pipe 2 Drilling is performed.

この掘削パイプ2には、例えば鋼管やFRP(繊維強化プラスチック)などの強化プラスチックのような剛性の高い硬質パイプを使用し、単位長さ(例えば、1〜3m)による複数の定尺パイプ(2a,2b,2c・・・2n)を用い、ねじ結合その他の連結手段を介して順次継ぎ足しながら、図1(b)のように削孔開始位置Sから任意な削孔長(例えば、1.5m以上)で無水削孔を実施し、掘削パイプ2内に掘削土砂4を取り込む一次掘削作業を行うが、図示の実施形態では1.5mの定尺パイプを3本用いて、4.5mの削孔長で無水削孔を実施している。   For this excavation pipe 2, a rigid pipe having high rigidity such as a reinforced plastic such as a steel pipe or FRP (fiber reinforced plastic) is used, and a plurality of fixed pipes (2a) having a unit length (for example, 1 to 3 m) are used. , 2b, 2c... 2n), and an arbitrary drilling length (for example, 1.5 m) from the drilling start position S as shown in FIG. In the embodiment shown in the figure, a primary excavation operation is performed in which the excavated earth and sand 4 is taken into the excavation pipe 2, but in the illustrated embodiment, three 1.5m long pipes are used to cut a 4.5m excavation. Anhydrous drilling is carried out by the hole length.

次に、掘削パイプ2によって削孔開始位置Sから任意な削孔長で一次掘削作業が終了した時点で、掘削パイプ2内に取り込んだ掘削土砂4に対して内管となる掘削ロッド3によ二次掘削及び排土作業が開始されるが、この掘削ロッド3は中空で軸心に掘削水の給水通路5が設けられ、掘削パイプ2の場合と同様に鋼管やFRPなどの強化プラスチックのように剛性の高い硬質パイプを使用すると共に、単位長さ(例えば、1〜3m)による複数の定尺ロッド(3a,3b,3c・・・3n)を、ねじ結合その他の連結手段を介して順次継ぎ足していく。   Next, when the primary excavation work is completed with an arbitrary drilling length from the drilling start position S by the drilling pipe 2, the drilling rod 3 serving as an inner pipe with respect to the drilling earth and sand 4 taken into the drilling pipe 2 is used. The secondary excavation and earth removal work is started. This excavation rod 3 is hollow and provided with a water supply passage 5 for excavation water in the center of the shaft, and like the excavation pipe 2, it is like a reinforced plastic such as a steel pipe or FRP. In addition, a rigid pipe having a high rigidity is used, and a plurality of fixed rods (3a, 3b, 3c... 3n) having a unit length (for example, 1 to 3 m) are sequentially connected via screw connection or other connecting means. We will add.

二次掘削及びに排土作業は、図2(a)のように掘削ロッド3の給水通路5から掘削土砂4に向けて掘削水6を高圧で噴射させると共に、ボーリングマシンによって掘削ロッド3を回転させながら押圧すると、掘削水6によって流動化したスライム7が掘削パイプ2の内周と掘削ロッド3の外周の間に形成された排泥通路8を介して外部に排土され、掘削パイプ2内の掘削土砂4は図2(b)のように順次除去される。   As shown in FIG. 2A, in the secondary excavation and the earth discharge work, the drilling water 6 is jetted from the water supply passage 5 of the drilling rod 3 toward the drilling earth and sand 4 at a high pressure, and the drilling rod 3 is rotated by a boring machine. When pressed, the slime 7 fluidized by the drilling water 6 is discharged outside through the mud passage 8 formed between the inner periphery of the drilling pipe 2 and the outer periphery of the drilling rod 3. The excavated earth and sand 4 are sequentially removed as shown in FIG.

この初期掘削作業では、最先端の掘削パイプ2の開口部から湧水が内部に流入したり、掘削ロッド3の給水通路5から噴射した掘削水6が掘削土砂4を突き抜けることによって、前方の地山を崩壊させる恐れがあるので、これを防止するために最先端の掘削パイプ2内には常に一定量の掘削土砂4を残余させておくことが望ましく、二次掘削及びに排土作業を行う際には、掘削ロッド3の先端位置Rが掘削パイプ2の先端位置Pより一定長さ(例えば1.5m)以上後退させた位置までで止め、図示の実施形態では両者間に定尺パイプ1本分に相当する1.5mの地盤保護領域Eを設けている。   In this initial excavation work, spring water flows into the inside from the opening of the most advanced excavation pipe 2, or the excavation water 6 sprayed from the water supply passage 5 of the excavation rod 3 penetrates the excavation earth and sand 4. In order to prevent the mountain from collapsing, it is desirable to always leave a certain amount of excavated earth and sand 4 in the state-of-the-art excavation pipe 2 so as to perform secondary excavation and earth removal work. At this time, the distal end position R of the excavation rod 3 is stopped at a position where the distal end position P of the excavation pipe 2 is retracted by a certain length (for example, 1.5 m) or more. A ground protection area E of 1.5 m corresponding to this is provided.

次に、図3は初期掘削作業を行った後に実施される第1の実施形態による掘削工程を示す模式的な縦断面図を示すが、この第1の実施形態は外管先行型の外管・内管同時掘削方式であり、掘削パイプ2による一次掘削と掘削ロッド3による二次掘削及び排土作業とを同時に実施すると共に、掘削パイプ2の先端を掘削ロッド3の先端より常に一定の長さ(例えば、1.5m程度)分だけ先行させて掘削を行うことにより、初期掘削作業時における地盤保護領域Eが掘削ロッド3の先端前方に確保されるようにしている。   Next, FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing the excavation process according to the first embodiment which is performed after the initial excavation work, and this first embodiment is an outer pipe preceding type outer pipe.・ Inner pipe simultaneous excavation method, in which primary excavation by the excavation pipe 2, secondary excavation by the excavation rod 3 and earth removal work are performed simultaneously, and the tip of the excavation pipe 2 is always longer than the end of the excavation rod 3. The ground protection area E during the initial excavation work is ensured in front of the tip of the excavation rod 3 by performing excavation by a distance (for example, about 1.5 m).

すなわち、初期掘削作業で既に圧入した掘削パイプ2の後端に新たな定尺パイプ(2d,2e・・・2n)を順次継ぎ足すと共に、既に圧入した掘削ロッド3の後端に新たな定尺ロッド(3d,3e・・・3n)を順次継ぎ足しながら、ロータリーパーカッションドリルなどのボーリングマシン(図示を省略)を用いて、掘削パイプ2による外管と掘削ロッド3による内管を、継ぎ足した1本分(実施例では、1.5m)だけ同時に掘削パイプ2内で前進させ、掘削パイプ2による一次掘削作業と掘削ロッド3による二次掘削及び排土作業とが同時に行われる。   That is, a new standard pipe (2d, 2e... 2n) is sequentially added to the rear end of the drill pipe 2 already press-fitted in the initial excavation work, and a new standard pipe is added to the rear end of the drill rod 3 that has already been press-fitted. 1 piece which added the outer pipe by excavation pipe 2 and the inner pipe by excavation rod 3 using a boring machine (not shown) such as a rotary percussion drill while sequentially adding rods (3d, 3e... 3n) The first excavation operation by the excavation pipe 2, the secondary excavation operation by the excavation rod 3, and the soil removal operation are performed simultaneously by the minute (1.5 m in the embodiment).

同時掘削作業は、先行する掘削パイプ2が定尺パイプ1本分だけ前進し、最先端の定尺パイプ2aが前方の地盤1に圧入されると、定尺パイプ2a内に新たな掘削土砂4が取り込まれ、後続して定尺パイプ2a内を前進する最先端の定尺ロッド3aの給水通路5から前方の掘削土砂4に対して掘削水6を高圧で噴射し、流動化したスライム7を掘削パイプ2の内周と掘削ロッド3の外周間の排泥通路8から外部に排土させ、以下同様の作業を繰り返しながら、地盤1中を掘削して所望深度に達する横坑9の削孔が行われる。   In the simultaneous excavation work, when the preceding excavation pipe 2 moves forward by one regular pipe and the cutting-edge standard pipe 2a is press-fitted into the ground 1 in front, new excavation earth and sand 4 is inserted into the regular pipe 2a. Is taken in and then the drilling water 6 is jetted at a high pressure from the water supply passage 5 of the state-of-the-art rod 3a, which advances forward in the pipe 2a, to the excavated sediment 4 in front, and fluidized slime 7 is obtained. Drilling through the ground 1 to the desired depth by excavating the soil from the mud passage 8 between the inner circumference of the excavation pipe 2 and the outer circumference of the excavation rod 3 and repeating the same operation below. Is done.

また、掘削作業中に掘削パイプ2の外周面と地盤1とのフリクションが増大し、掘削パイプ2の圧入が困難になった場合には、、図4(a)のように掘削ロッド3を前進させながら、最先端の定尺パイプ2a内の掘削土砂4の二次掘削及び排土作業を行い、図4(b)のように掘削パイプ2と掘削ロッド3を同時に一旦後退させた後に前進させる前後スライド操作を行い、これによってフリクションを減少させ、その後に掘削パイプ2を先行させて掘削ロッド3を後続させる通常位置に戻し、掘削作業を継続する。   Further, when the friction between the outer peripheral surface of the excavation pipe 2 and the ground 1 increases during excavation work, and the press-fitting of the excavation pipe 2 becomes difficult, the excavation rod 3 is advanced as shown in FIG. Then, secondary excavation and excavation work of the excavated earth and sand 4 in the state-of-the-art standard pipe 2a is performed, and the excavation pipe 2 and the excavation rod 3 are once retracted simultaneously as shown in FIG. A forward / backward slide operation is performed, thereby reducing friction, and then returning to a normal position where the excavation pipe 2 is preceded and the excavation rod 3 is followed, and the excavation work is continued.

なお、図4のフリクションの改善作業は、掘削パイプ2を圧入する際の削孔トルクを計測するようにしておき、例えば地盤1が粘質などの場合にリクションが規定値以上に増大したことを確認すると共に、この地盤1の透水性が非常に低く、地盤保護領域Eである掘削土砂4を一時的に取り除いても掘削パイプ2内に湧水が侵入する恐れがないことを確認して適宜実施する。 Incidentally, improvement work friction in FIG. 4, leave to measure the drilling torque when pressing the drill pipe 2, full Rikushon was increased to more than the specified value in the case of, for example, ground 1 viscous substance And confirm that the permeability of the ground 1 is very low and that there is no risk of spring water invading into the drilling pipe 2 even if the excavated soil 4 that is the ground protection area E is temporarily removed. As appropriate.

次に、図5は初期掘削作業を行った後に実施される第2の実施形態による掘削工程を示す模式的な縦断面図を示すが、この第2の実施形態は外管先行型の外管・内管個別掘削方式であり、図5(a)のように外管となる掘削パイプ2による一次掘削作業を、定尺パイプ1本分(例えば、1.5m)以上の削孔長(図示の実施形態では3m)で先行させて行った後に、内管となる掘削ロッド3による二次掘削及び排土作業を、掘削ロッド3の先端が掘削パイプ2の先端より少なくとも一定の長さ(例えば、1.5m程度)分だけ後退した位置まで行うことにより、初期掘削作業時における地盤保護領域Eが掘削ロッド3の先端前方に確保されるようにしている。   Next, FIG. 5 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing the excavation process according to the second embodiment performed after the initial excavation work, and this second embodiment is an outer pipe preceding type outer pipe.・ Inner pipe individual excavation method. As shown in FIG. 5 (a), the primary excavation work by the excavation pipe 2 as an outer pipe is carried out by a drilling length (for example, 1.5 m) or more for one regular pipe. In this embodiment, after performing the preceding operation at 3 m), the secondary excavation and earth removal work by the excavation rod 3 serving as the inner pipe is performed at least a certain length (for example, the tip of the excavation pipe 2 is longer than the tip of the excavation pipe 2). , About 1.5 m), the ground protection area E during the initial excavation work is secured in front of the tip of the excavation rod 3.

そして、掘削パイプ2による一次掘削作業では第1の実施形態の場合と同様に、掘削パイプ2を地盤1に圧入することによって内部に掘削土砂4を取り込み、掘削ロッド3による二次掘削及び排土作業では第1の実施形態の場合と同様に、取り込んだ掘削土砂4に対して給水通路5から掘削水6を高圧で噴射し、流動化したスライム7を排泥通路8から外部に排土させるようにし、この一次掘削作業と二次掘削及び排土作業を交互に繰り返しながら、地盤1中を掘削して所望深度に達する横坑9の削孔が行われる。   Then, in the primary excavation work by the excavation pipe 2, as in the case of the first embodiment, the excavation pipe 2 is press-fitted into the ground 1 to take in the excavation soil 4 and the secondary excavation and excavation by the excavation rod 3 are performed. In the work, as in the case of the first embodiment, the drilling water 6 is injected from the water supply passage 5 to the taken excavation earth and sand 4 at a high pressure, and the fluidized slime 7 is discharged from the mud passage 8 to the outside. In this manner, the drilling of the horizontal shaft 9 is performed by excavating the ground 1 while repeating the primary excavation work, the secondary excavation work, and the earth removal work alternately.

この第2の実施形態では、第1の実施形態の場合と違って長い削孔長で先行して一次掘削を行っているので、二次掘削及び排土作業を開始する時点では図5(a)のように、掘削パイプ2内の掘削土砂4による地盤保護領域E2を長く確保することができ、最も短くなった地盤保護領域E1でも第1の実施形態の場合と同様の長さを確保しているので、特に地盤1中の湧水が多い場合でも掘削パイプ2内への浸水を防止し、周辺地山の崩壊を防ぐことが可能でると共に、掘削ロッド3からの掘削水6の圧力を高くし、二次掘削の作業能率を向上することも可能である。   In the second embodiment, unlike the case of the first embodiment, the primary excavation is performed in advance with a long drilling length. Therefore, at the time when the secondary excavation and the earth removal work are started, FIG. ), The ground protection area E2 by the excavated earth and sand 4 in the excavation pipe 2 can be secured for a long time, and the length of the ground protection area E1 that is the shortest is secured as in the case of the first embodiment. Therefore, even when there is a lot of spring water in the ground 1, it is possible to prevent inundation into the drill pipe 2, prevent collapse of surrounding ground, and reduce the pressure of the drill water 6 from the drill rod 3. It is possible to increase the work efficiency of secondary excavation.

なお、第2の実施形態による掘削作業工程を採る場合には、掘削ロッド3の給水通路5を介して供給する掘削水6の水量と、排泥通路8を介して回収される水量とを予め計測するようにしておき、回収される水量が著しく増大した場合に増水量に適合させて長く設定するようにし、掘削作業を続けてその後に回収される水量が減少したら、減水量に適合させて地盤保護領域E2を短くして、掘削水6の給水量と等しくなった時点で地盤保護領域E1(E)にして、第1の実施形態によって掘削作業を行う。   In addition, when taking the excavation work process by 2nd Embodiment, the water quantity of the drilling water 6 supplied via the water supply channel | path 5 of the excavation rod 3, and the water quantity collect | recovered via the mud drainage channel | path 8 are previously shown. If the amount of water collected increases significantly, adapt it to the increased amount of water and set it longer, and if the amount of recovered water decreases after continuing excavation work, adjust it to the reduced amount of water. When the ground protection area E2 is shortened and becomes equal to the water supply amount of the drilling water 6, the ground protection area E1 (E) is selected and excavation work is performed according to the first embodiment.

以上のように、初期掘削作業を行った後に第1又は第2の実施形態による掘削工程では、地盤1中を掘削して所望深度に達する横坑9の削孔を行う際に、外管である外周面に孔の無い掘削パイプ2を先行して圧入させて無水掘削を行い、内部に掘削土砂を取り込む一次掘削を行うと共に、内部に取り込んだ掘削土砂4に対して内管である掘削ロッド3の給水通路5から噴射した掘削水6て流動化させた後に、スライム7を掘削パイプ2と掘削ロッド3間の排泥通路8から外部へ排出する二次掘削及び排土作業を行っている。   As described above, in the excavation process according to the first or second embodiment after performing the initial excavation work, when the drilling of the horizontal shaft 9 reaching the desired depth by excavating the ground 1, A drilling rod which is an inner pipe with respect to the excavated earth and sand 4 taken inside, while performing an anhydrous excavation by press-fitting a drilling pipe 2 without a hole in a certain outer peripheral surface and performing an excavation earth and sand inside. After the drilling water 6 injected from the water supply passage 5 is fluidized, secondary excavation and soil removal work are performed to discharge the slime 7 from the mud passage 8 between the drilling pipe 2 and the drilling rod 3 to the outside. .

これにより、坑壁を掘削パイプ2で保護して空隙のない状態で横坑9の削孔が行われるので、周辺地山を乱したり緩めたりすることがないと共に、掘削パイプ2内に取り込んだ掘削土砂4が湧水の侵入を防止しているので、前方地山を緩めたり崩壊させる恐れがなく、取り込んだ掘削土砂4は後続する掘削ロッド3による二次掘削及び排土作業で、容易且つ安全に外部へ排出して横坑9の削孔を行うことが可能である。   As a result, the pit wall is protected by the excavation pipe 2 and the drilling of the horizontal pit 9 is performed without a gap, so that the surrounding ground is not disturbed or loosened, and is taken into the excavation pipe 2. The excavated sediment 4 prevents spring water from entering, so there is no risk of loosening or collapsing the front ground, and the captured excavated soil 4 can be easily excavated by the subsequent excavating rod 3 and excavated. Moreover, it is possible to perform the drilling of the horizontal shaft 9 by discharging to the outside safely.

このように、第1又は第2の実施形態による掘削工程を用いて地盤1中に所望深度の横坑9を削坑した後に、掘削ロッド3を掘削パイプ2の先端まで前進させて地盤保護領域Eの掘削土砂4を二次掘削及び排土すると共に、掘削ロッド3の給水通路5から供給した洗浄水で掘削パイプ2内の管内洗浄を行い、掘削パイプ2内に掘削土砂4及び水分が無い状態にして、外管となる掘削パイプ2を地盤1中に残置させた状態で掘削ロッド3を引き抜いて回収した後に、掘削パイプ2で囲繞された横坑9内に対して図6のような一次定着作業工程及び図7のような二次定着作業工程が行われる。   As described above, after excavating the horizontal shaft 9 having a desired depth in the ground 1 using the excavation process according to the first or second embodiment, the excavation rod 3 is advanced to the tip of the excavation pipe 2 and the ground protection area. The excavated sediment 4 is subjected to secondary excavation and soil removal, and the inside of the excavation pipe 2 is washed with the cleaning water supplied from the water supply passage 5 of the excavation rod 3 so that the excavation pipe 2 has no excavation sediment 4 and moisture. After the excavation rod 3 is pulled out and collected while the excavation pipe 2 as an outer pipe is left in the ground 1 in the state, the inside of the horizontal shaft 9 surrounded by the excavation pipe 2 is as shown in FIG. A primary fixing work process and a secondary fixing work process as shown in FIG. 7 are performed.

定着作業工程では、例えばFRP(繊維強化プラスチックス)などの強化プラスチック材で形成した定尺の中空パイプ(例えば、3m)を連結し、図6(a)のように横坑9の掘削パイプ2内に挿入したインサートパイプ10を補強芯材として用い、インサートパイプ10内には定着材13用の注入パイプ11を挿入すると共に、注入パイプ11に装着した密栓12で口元側の開口を閉塞させる。 In the fixing operation process, for example, a fixed-size hollow pipe (for example, 3 m) formed of a reinforced plastic material such as FRP (fiber reinforced plastics) is connected, and the excavation pipe 2 of the horizontal shaft 9 is connected as shown in FIG. The insert pipe 10 inserted therein is used as a reinforcing core material . An injection pipe 11 for a fixing material 13 is inserted into the insert pipe 10 and the opening on the mouth side is closed with a sealing plug 12 attached to the injection pipe 11.

次に、図6(b)のように注入パイプ11からインサートパイプ10内に定着材13を注入し、インサートパイプ10の先端側開口から掘削パイプ2内に充填されるが、この定着材13は硬化後に地盤1との付着性が高く且つ流動性が良く全域に充填される材料が望ましく、例えば無機系セメント材料である自穿孔モルタルなどを使用すると共に、インサートパイプ10内に注入した定着材13が先端側開口へ自然流下するように、インサートパイプ10には僅かなテーパ面(例えば、1°程度)を設けることが望ましい。   Next, as shown in FIG. 6B, the fixing material 13 is injected from the injection pipe 11 into the insert pipe 10, and the excavation pipe 2 is filled from the opening on the front end side of the insert pipe 10. A material having high adhesion to the ground 1 after curing and good fluidity and filling the entire region is desirable. For example, a self-drilling mortar that is an inorganic cement material is used, and the fixing material 13 injected into the insert pipe 10 is used. It is desirable to provide the insert pipe 10 with a slight taper surface (for example, about 1 °) so that the water naturally flows down to the opening on the tip side.

次に、定着材13が掘削パイプ2及びインサートパイプ10の内部全域に充填された時点で、図7(a)のように掘削ロッド3の引き抜きを行うが、引き抜いた後に掘削ロッド3の肉厚に相当する空隙14ができるので、この空隙14内に定着材13用の注入パイプ15を挿入すると共に、注入パイプ15に装着した密栓16で口元側の開口を閉塞させ、注入パイプ15から定着材13を注入して空隙14内に充填すると、インサートパイプ10の外周に充填した定着材13と地盤1とが定着され、定着材13の硬化によってインサートパイプ10を補強芯材とした円柱状パイルによる補強地盤17が造成される。 Next, when the fixing material 13 is filled in the entire inside of the excavation pipe 2 and the insert pipe 10, the excavation rod 3 is pulled out as shown in FIG. 7A. Therefore, the injection pipe 15 for the fixing material 13 is inserted into the gap 14, and the opening on the mouth side is closed with the sealing plug 16 attached to the injection pipe 15. When 13 is injected and filled in the gap 14, the fixing material 13 filled in the outer periphery of the insert pipe 10 and the ground 1 are fixed, and by fixing the fixing material 13, a cylindrical pile having the insert pipe 10 as a reinforcing core material is used. A reinforced ground 17 is created.

以上のように、この定着作業工程では外周面に孔の無い掘削パイプ2を地盤1中に残置させ、この掘削パイプ2内に補強芯材として強化プラスチック材によるインサートパイプ10を挿入し、インサートパイプ10の内外に定着材13を充填する一次定着作業を行った後に、掘削パイプ2を引き抜いて回収すると共に、引き抜いた空隙14に対して定着材13を充填する二次定着作業を行い、硬化した定着材13によってインサートパイプ10を補強芯材とした円柱状パイルによる補強地盤17を造成している。   As described above, in this fixing operation process, the excavation pipe 2 having no hole on the outer peripheral surface is left in the ground 1, and the insert pipe 10 made of a reinforced plastic material is inserted into the excavation pipe 2 as a reinforcing core material. After performing the primary fixing operation of filling the fixing material 13 in and out of the outer wall 10, the excavation pipe 2 is pulled out and collected, and the secondary fixing operation of filling the fixing material 13 into the extracted gap 14 is performed and cured. The fixing material 13 forms a reinforcing ground 17 made of a cylindrical pile using the insert pipe 10 as a reinforcing core material.

これにより、一次定着作業でインサートパイプ10に充填した定着材13は、掘削パイプ2で保護された状態で外周面では湧水と接触することがないと共に、外管内に残留する湧水を掘削パイプ2の先端側から押し出して定着材13に置換できるので、地盤に対する円柱状パイルの定着力を強固にすることができ、また掘削パイプ2を二次定着作業の前に引き抜いて回収し、繰り返して再利用できるので経済的であること、などの効果を期待することができる。   As a result, the fixing material 13 filled in the insert pipe 10 in the primary fixing work does not come into contact with the spring water on the outer peripheral surface in a state protected by the drill pipe 2, and the spring water remaining in the outer pipe is removed from the drill pipe. 2 can be pushed out and replaced with the fixing material 13, so that the fixing force of the cylindrical pile on the ground can be strengthened, and the excavation pipe 2 is pulled out and collected before the secondary fixing work, and repeated. Since it can be reused, it can be expected to be economical.

なお、図示の実施形態では本発明による地山の補強工法を、トンネルや地下道などの横坑を構築する際における地山の補強に適用して説明したが、同様に軟弱な地盤を強化する必要がある各種の土木工事に対して、従来技術による薬液注入工法や二重管削孔に替えて適用することが可能であって、例えば法面補強ボルト工、堤防などの補強工、トンネル工事における出口付近の崩落防止工などを対象としても有効である。   In the illustrated embodiment, the ground reinforcement method according to the present invention is applied to the reinforcement of a natural ground when constructing a horizontal shaft such as a tunnel or an underground passage. However, it is necessary to strengthen the soft ground similarly. It can be applied to various civil engineering works in place of the conventional chemical injection method and double pipe drilling. For example, in reinforcement works such as slope reinforcement bolts, dikes, and tunnel construction It is also effective for prevention of collapse near the exit.

本発明を適用した地山の補強工法の実施例であって、削孔開始位置近辺における初期掘削作業工程を示し、外管となる掘削パイプによる一次掘削作業の模式的な縦断面図。It is an Example of the reinforcement method of the natural ground to which this invention is applied, Comprising: The typical longitudinal cross-sectional view of the primary excavation work by the excavation pipe used as an outer pipe | tube shows the initial excavation work process in the vicinity of a drilling start position. 本発明を適用した地山の補強工法の実施例であって、削孔開始位置近辺における初期掘削作業工程を示し、内管となる掘削ロッドによる二次掘削及び排土作業の模式的な縦断面図。It is an embodiment of a natural ground reinforcement method to which the present invention is applied, and shows an initial excavation work process in the vicinity of the drilling start position, and is a schematic longitudinal section of secondary excavation and earth excavation work by a excavation rod serving as an inner pipe Figure. 本発明を適用した地山の補強工法の実施例であって、初期掘削作業工程の後に実施される第1の実施形態による掘削作業工程を示し、外管先行型の外管・内管同時掘削方式による掘削の模式的な縦断面図。FIG. 2 is an example of a ground reinforcement method to which the present invention is applied, and shows the excavation work process according to the first embodiment performed after the initial excavation work process, and the outer pipe preceding type outer pipe and inner pipe simultaneous excavation The typical longitudinal section of excavation by a method. 図3の掘削作業工程中に発生したフリクション増大に対処して実施するフリクション低減操作を示す模式的な縦断面図。FIG. 4 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a friction reducing operation performed in response to an increase in friction generated during the excavation work process of FIG. 3. 本発明を適用した地山の補強工法の実施例であって、初期掘削作業工程の後に実施される第2の実施形態による掘削作業工程を示し、外管先行型の外管・内管個別掘削方式による掘削の模式的な縦断面図。It is an example of a natural ground reinforcement method to which the present invention is applied, and shows the excavation work process according to the second embodiment performed after the initial excavation work process, and the outer pipe preceding type outer pipe / inner pipe individual excavation The typical longitudinal section of excavation by a method. 本発明を適用した地山の補強工法の実施例であって、図3又は図5の掘削作業工程の後に実施される定着作業工程を示し、インサートパイプを定着する一次定着作業を示す模式的な縦断面図。It is an Example of the reinforcement method of the natural ground to which this invention is applied, Comprising: The fixing work process implemented after the excavation work process of FIG. 3 or FIG. 5 is shown, and the typical fixing work which fixes an insert pipe is shown typically FIG. 本発明を適用した地山の補強工法の実施例であって、図6の一次定着作業の後に掘削パイプを引き抜いて実施される二次定着作業を示す模式的な縦断面図。FIG. 7 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a secondary fixing operation performed by pulling out a drilling pipe after the primary fixing operation of FIG. 6, which is an embodiment of a natural mountain reinforcing method to which the present invention is applied.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 地盤
2 掘削パイプ(外管)
3 掘削ロッド(内管)
4 掘削土砂
5 給水通路
6 掘削水
7 スライム
8 排泥通路
9 横坑
10 インサートパイプ(補強芯材)
11,15 注入パイプ
12,16 密栓
13 定着材
14 空隙
17 補強地盤
1 Ground 2 Drilling pipe (outer pipe)
3 Drilling rod (inner pipe)
4 Drilling earth and sand 5 Water supply passage 6 Drilling water 7 Slime 8 Mud passage 9 Horizontal shaft 10 Insert pipe (reinforcement core)
11, 15 Injection pipe 12, 16 Seal plug 13 Fixing material 14 Gap 17 Reinforced ground

Claims (3)

外管と内管とを有する二重管を用いて地盤掘削して所望深度の横坑を削孔した後この横坑内に補強芯材を挿入すると共に定着材を充填して円柱状パイルによる補強地盤を造成する地山の補強工法であって、前記外管を、外周面に孔の無い掘削パイプで構成し、前記内管を、給水通路を有する中空の掘削ロッドで構成し、掘削パイプを掘削ロッドに先行させて地盤中に圧入し、無水掘削によって掘削パイプの内部に掘削土砂を取り込む一次掘削を行一次掘削で取り込んだ掘削土砂に対して掘削ロッドの給水通路から掘削水を噴射して流動化させ、掘削パイプと掘削ロッドとのに形成される排泥通路からスライムを外部へ排出する二次掘削及び排土作業を行うことを特徴とした地山の補強工法。 After using a double tube having an outer tube and the inner tube excavated ground by drilling the adit desired depth, the cylindrical pile by filling the fixing member is inserted a reinforcing core member in the lateral downhole to construct a reinforcing ground by a reinforcing method of natural ground, the outer tube is constituted by drill pipe without holes on the outer peripheral surface, said inner tube, constituted by a hollow drill rod having a water supply passage, drilling the pipe is preceded drill rod was pressed into the ground, it has rows of primary drilling incorporating drilling soil inside the drill pipe with anhydrous drilling, drilling water from the water supply passage of the drill rod relative to the captured excavated earth and sand in the primary drilling injected by fluidized, drill pipe and Retrofit of natural ground to a slime from waste sludge passage to and performing secondary drilling and earth removal work of discharging to the outside which is formed between the drill rod. 前記掘削パイプは、複数の定尺パイプからなり、該定尺パイプを後端側に継ぎ足しながら地盤中に圧入され、前記掘削ロッドは、複数の定尺ロッドからなり、該定尺ロッドを後端側に継ぎ足しながら掘削パイプ中に挿入され、掘削ロッドの先端が掘削パイプの先端より後方に位置する状態で後続して二次掘削作業を行うことにより、先端の定尺パイプ内に取り込んだ掘削土砂が湧水の侵入を防止する地盤保護領域を形成する請求項1に記載した地山の補強工法。 The drill pipe comprises a plurality of fixed-length pipes, while replenishing the fixed-length pipe at the rear end is pressed into the ground, the drill rod comprises a plurality of fixed-length rods, the rear end of said fixed size rod It is inserted into the drill pipe while replenishing the side, by subsequently rows secondary excavation work Ukoto in a state in which the leading end of the drill rod is positioned behind the front end of the drill pipe, taken into fixed-length pipe tip drilling 2. The method for reinforcing a natural ground according to claim 1, wherein the earth and sand form a ground protection region that prevents intrusion of spring water. 前記所望深度の横坑を削孔した後に前記掘削パイプを地盤中に残置させ、この掘削パイプ内に化プラスチック材によるインサートパイプを挿入し、インサートパイプの内外に定着材を充填する一次定着作業を行った後掘削パイプを引き抜いて回収すると共に、引き抜きにより形成された空隙に対して定着材を充填する二次定着作業を行い、硬化した定着材によってインサートパイプを補強芯材とした円柱状パイルを形成することで補強地盤を造成する請求項1又は請求項2に記載した地山の補強工法。 The desired the drill pipe the adit after boring depth was left on in the ground, insert the insert pipe by strengthening plastic material in the drill pipe, primary fixing work of filling the fixing material into and out of the insert pipe after, is recovered by withdrawal of the drill pipe, performs secondary fixing work of filling the fixing member against the voids formed by-out pull disconnect and the insert pipe and the reinforcing core material by the cured fixing material The ground reinforcement method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the reinforced ground is formed by forming a cylindrical pile.
JP2004250361A 2004-08-30 2004-08-30 Reinforcement method of natural ground Expired - Fee Related JP4414844B2 (en)

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