JP4409038B2 - Laminated laser welding method for plated steel sheets - Google Patents

Laminated laser welding method for plated steel sheets Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4409038B2
JP4409038B2 JP2000094940A JP2000094940A JP4409038B2 JP 4409038 B2 JP4409038 B2 JP 4409038B2 JP 2000094940 A JP2000094940 A JP 2000094940A JP 2000094940 A JP2000094940 A JP 2000094940A JP 4409038 B2 JP4409038 B2 JP 4409038B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
plated steel
laser welding
laser
slit
welding
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP2000094940A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2001276989A (en
Inventor
英孝 出川
昌治 小島
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Subaru Corp
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Fuji Jukogyo KK
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Application filed by Fuji Jukogyo KK filed Critical Fuji Jukogyo KK
Priority to JP2000094940A priority Critical patent/JP4409038B2/en
Priority to US09/821,838 priority patent/US6528756B2/en
Priority to EP08161454A priority patent/EP1985402B1/en
Priority to DE60135714T priority patent/DE60135714D1/en
Priority to EP08161418.2A priority patent/EP1982789B1/en
Priority to EP01108157A priority patent/EP1184126B1/en
Publication of JP2001276989A publication Critical patent/JP2001276989A/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車の車体等に使用されるめっき鋼板の重ねレーザ溶接方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から自動車用の表面処理鋼板として亜鉛めっき鋼板が用いられているが、亜鉛めっき鋼板は亜鉛の腐食速度が比較的速いため、長時間の防錆効果を期待するには厚目付のめっきが必要となる。
【0003】
そこで、亜鉛めっき層の活性を抑制するために、鋼板に溶融亜鉛めっきを施した後、合金化処理を行い、Fe−Zn相互拡散を行わせて合金層を形成させた合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板が実用化され、広く用いられている。
【0004】
合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板は、電気めっき鋼板と比較して経済的に付着量を増加させることができるため、厚目付により耐食性を向上させるという対応が容易な鋼板である。
【0005】
しかし、このような合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板をはじめとする亜鉛系めっき鋼板を重ねた状態でレーザ重溶接した場合、接合面間のめっき層から多量の亜鉛蒸気が発生し、この蒸気ガスが溶融金属内に閉じ込められること等に起因して、ビード内にブローホールやビード表面がへこんだり或いはビードを貫通する欠陥(ピットと呼ばれる欠陥)が多数発生し、ビードの荒れが悪化することが知られている。
【0006】
そのため、めっき鋼板の接合面間にガス排出路を形成した状態で重ねレーザ溶接を行う技術が種々試みられており、例えば特開平11−226765号公報には、めっき鋼板の接合面にブラスト加工を用いて凹凸を形成し、この凹凸によりガス排出路を形成し、このガス出路を通して重ねレーザ溶接の際に発生する成分蒸発ガスを外部へ逃がす技術が開示されている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、ガス排出路の接合面間の空隙高さは、重ねレーザ溶接の際に厳しく管理する必要がある。
【0008】
すなわち、接合面間の空隙高さが狭すぎると、溶接部分が凝固する前にガスを完全に逃がすことができなくなり、上述したような溶接不良が発生する。又、この空隙高さが広すぎた場合には、ガス排出路に溶融金属が流れ込み、レーザ光が照射される側のめっき鋼板が溶断されてしまう等の不都合が生じる。
【0009】
そのため、重ねレーザ溶接の際には、専用の治具等を用いて接合面間の空隙高さを厳しく管理しなければならず、作業工数が嵩み、生産効率の低下を招いてしまう、不都合がある。
【0010】
本発明は、上記事情に鑑み、接合面間にガス排出路を特別に設けることなく、簡単な構造で、接合面間のめっき層から発生する成分蒸発ガスを外部へ放出させることのできるめっき鋼板の重ねレーザ溶接方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため本発明による第1のめっき鋼板の重ねレーザ溶接方法は、互いに対向するめっき鋼板をレーザ溶接するめっき鋼板の重ねレーザ溶接方法において、レーザ光が照射される側のめっき鋼板の溶接線上に該レーザ光を用いてスリットを断続的に形成した後、上記溶接線の上記スリットが形成されていない部位をレーザ溶接することを特徴とする。
【0012】
このような構成では、2枚のめっき鋼板を重ね合わせた後、先ずレーザ光が照射される側のめっき鋼板の溶接線上に、レーザ光を用いてスリットを断続的に形成し、その後、溶接線上のスリットが形成されていない部位をレーザ溶接する。そのとき、接合面のめっき層から発生した成分蒸発ガスはスリットを経て外部へ放出される。
【0013】
第2のめっき鋼板の重ねレーザ溶接方法は、互いに対向するめっき鋼板をレーザ溶接するめっき鋼板の重ねレーザ溶接方法において、レーザ光が照射される側のめっき鋼板の溶接線上に該レーザ光を用いてスリットを断続的に形成すると共に上記スリットから露呈する下側のめっき鋼板のめっき層を除去した後、上記溶接線の上記スリットが形成されていない部位をレーザ溶接することを特徴とする。
【0014】
このような構成では、2枚のめっき鋼板を重ね合わせた後、先ずレーザ光が照射される側のめっき鋼板の溶接線上に、レーザ光を用いて、スリットを断続的に形成すると共に、このスリットから露呈する下側のめっき鋼板のめっき層をレーザ光の熱を利用して除去し、その後、溶接線のスリットが形成されていない部位をレーザ溶接する。そのとき、接合面のめっき層から発生した成分蒸発ガスはスリットを経て外部へ放出される。
【0015】
第3のめっき鋼板の重ねレーザ溶接方法は、第1或いは第2のめっき鋼板の重ねレーザ溶接方法において、上記溶接線の上記スリットが形成されていない部位をレーザ溶接した後、フィラーワイヤを用い、該フィラーワイヤにレーザ光を照射して溶融された金属を前記スリットに補することを特徴とする。
【0016】
このような構成では、溶接線の上記スリットが形成されていない部位をレーザ溶接した後、フィラーワイヤを用い、このフィラーワイヤにレーザ光を照射して溶融された金属をスリットに補填してスリットを閉塞する。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面に基づいて本発明の一実施の形態を説明する。図1は重ねレーザ溶接装置の溶接ヘッド部の拡大図、図2はめっき鋼板の接合面の拡大断面図、図3はめっき鋼板の接合面の斜視図、図4はめっき鋼板の接合面の他の部位の拡大断面図、図5は図2と同一部位の異なる状態の断面図である。
【0018】
図中の符号1は溶接ヘッドで、この溶接ヘッド1にローラアーム2が固設され、このローラアーム2の溶接ヘッド1を挟む両側にプレッシャローラ3が枢支されている。
【0019】
溶接ヘッド1は、図示しないロボットアーム等に連設されており、このロボットアームの動作により、重ね合せた2枚のめっき鋼板4,5の溶接線Lw(図3参照)上を、その両側を一対のプレッシャローラ3により圧接された状態で移動し、その際、溶接ヘッド1から出射するレーザ光により、2枚のめっき鋼板4,5を連続線溶接する。尚、符号21はめっき鋼板4,5の表面に形成されているめっき層であり、図においては、接合面4a,5a間にのみ表示されているが、実際はめっき鋼板4,5の全周に形成されている。
【0020】
図3に示すように、上側のめっき鋼板4の溶接線Lw上には、スリット4bが断続的に形成される。このスリット4bは、レーザ光の照射により後加工されるもので、溶接線Lw上のスリット4bが形成されていない部分をレーザ溶接する。尚、符号22はレーザ溶接により形成されるビードである。
【0021】
又、スリット4bは、重ねレーザ溶接完了後、溶融金属24が装填されて閉塞される。
【0022】
このような構成では、2枚のめっき鋼板4,5の接合面4a,5aを重ね合わせ、上側のめっき鋼板4の溶接線Lw上に、溶接ヘッド1からのレーザ光を照射してレーザ溶接する際の前工程として、先ず、このレーザ光を用いて、上側のめっき鋼板4にスリット4bを断続的に形成する。同時に、このときの熱を利用して下側のめっき鋼板5の、スリット4bに露呈する部位のめっき層を蒸発させる。
【0023】
次いで、溶接線Lw上をレーザ溶接する。先ず、両めっき鋼板4,5をプレッシャローラ3で押し付け、溶接ヘッド1を溶接線Lwに沿って移動させながら、スリット4aが形成されていない部分にレーザ光を照射して重ねレーザ溶接を行う。
【0024】
このとき、プレッシャローラ3がレーザ照射部の両側を押し付けているため、両めっき鋼板4,5の接合面4a,5aは密着された状態でレーザ溶接されるため、表面形状に影響されることなく、安定した溶接を行うことができる。
【0025】
又、レーザ溶接の際に、接合面4a,5a間のめっき層21から発生する成分蒸発ガスは、スリット4bを通り外部へ放出される。従って、レーザ溶接により形成されるビード22中に成分蒸発ガスが残留せず、ブローホールやビット等の溶接不良の発生を回避することができ、安定した溶接品質を得ることができる。
【0026】
そして、レーザ溶接が所定に完了した後、スリット4bを、フィラーワイヤ23を用いてレーザ光の照射により溶融金属を補填しながらレーザ溶接し、スリット4bを閉塞する。このとき、スリット4bに露呈する下側のめっき鋼板5の表面に形成されているめっき層は、スリット4bを形成する際に除去されているため、溶接不良は発生しない。
【0027】
このように、本実施の形態によれば、予め溶接線Lw上にスリット4bを断続的に形成し、レーザ溶接の際には、接合面4a,5a間のめっき層21から発生する成分蒸発ガスをスリット4bを経て外部へ放出するようにしたので、接合面4a,5a間に、ガス排出路を特別に設ける必要が無く、この両接合面間を密着させた状態でのレーザ溶接が可能となり、その結果、めっき鋼板4,5の表面形状に影響されることなく、レーザ溶接を行うことができるようになり、安定した溶接品質を得ることができるとともに、生産性の向上を図ることができる。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
以上、説明したように本発明によれば、レーザ光が照射される側のめっき鋼板の溶接線上にスリットを断続的に形成したので、レーザ溶接の際に発生する接合面間のめっき層からの成分蒸発ガスはスリットを通り外部へ放出されるため、接合面間にガス排出路を特別に設ける必要が無く、構成部品の簡素化が実現でき、しかも、めっき鋼板の表面形状に影響されることなくレーザ溶接を行うことが可能となり、安定した溶接品質を得ることができると共に、生産性の向上を図ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】重ねレーザ溶接装置の溶接ヘッド部の拡大図
【図2】めっき鋼板の接合面の拡大断面図
【図3】めっき鋼板の接合面の斜視図
【図4】めっき鋼板の接合面の他の部位の拡大断面図
【図5】図2と同一部位の異なる状態の断面図
【符号の説明】
1 溶接ヘッド
2 ローラアーム
3 プレッシャローラ
4,5 めっき鋼板
4a,5a 接合面
4b スリット
21 めっき層
22 ビード
23 フィラーワイヤ
24 溶融金属
Lw 溶接線
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lap laser welding method for plated steel sheets used for automobile bodies and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, galvanized steel sheets have been used as surface-treated steel sheets for automobiles. However, galvanized steel sheets have a relatively high corrosion rate of zinc, so they must be plated with a thick surface in order to expect long-term rust prevention It becomes.
[0003]
Therefore, in order to suppress the activity of the galvanized layer, the galvanized steel sheet is subjected to galvanizing, then alloyed, and Fe-Zn interdiffusion is performed to form an alloy layer. Has been put into practical use and widely used.
[0004]
An alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet can increase the amount of adhesion economically as compared with an electroplated steel sheet, and is therefore a steel sheet that can be easily coped with by improving the corrosion resistance due to thickness.
[0005]
However, when laser heavy welding is performed with galvanized steel sheets such as such galvannealed steel sheets piled up, a large amount of zinc vapor is generated from the plating layer between the joint surfaces, and this vapor gas melts. It is known that blowholes and bead surfaces are dented in the bead or a lot of defects (defects called pits) are generated in the bead due to being confined in the metal, and the roughness of the bead is deteriorated. ing.
[0006]
For this reason, various techniques for performing laser welding in a state where a gas discharge path is formed between the joining surfaces of the plated steel sheets have been tried. There is disclosed a technique in which irregularities are formed by using the irregularities, a gas discharge path is formed by the irregularities, and component vapors generated during laser welding are overlapped through the gas outlet path.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the height of the gap between the joint surfaces of the gas discharge path must be strictly controlled during the lap laser welding.
[0008]
That is, if the gap height between the joint surfaces is too narrow, the gas cannot be completely released before the welded portion is solidified, and the above-described poor welding occurs. In addition, when the gap height is too wide, the molten metal flows into the gas discharge passage, and the inconvenience that the plated steel sheet on the side irradiated with the laser light is melted occurs.
[0009]
Therefore, in the case of overlap laser welding, it is necessary to strictly manage the gap height between the joint surfaces using a dedicated jig or the like, which increases the number of work steps and causes a decrease in production efficiency. There is.
[0010]
In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides a plated steel sheet capable of releasing component evaporative gas generated from a plating layer between bonding surfaces to the outside with a simple structure without specially providing a gas discharge path between the bonding surfaces. An object of the present invention is to provide an overlap laser welding method.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a first method of laminating laser welding of plated steel sheets according to the present invention is a method of laminating laser welding of plated steel sheets in which plated steel sheets facing each other are laser welded. After the slit is intermittently formed on the weld line using the laser beam, a portion of the weld line where the slit is not formed is laser welded.
[0012]
In such a configuration, after the two plated steel plates are overlaid, first, slits are intermittently formed on the welded line of the plated steel plate on the side irradiated with the laser beam, and then on the welded line. The part where the slit is not formed is laser-welded. At that time, the component evaporating gas generated from the plating layer on the joint surface is released to the outside through the slit.
[0013]
The second laser welding method of the plated steel sheets is a method of lap laser welding of plated steel sheets in which the plated steel sheets facing each other are laser-welded, using the laser light on the welding line of the plated steel sheet on the side irradiated with the laser light. After the slit is intermittently formed and the plating layer of the lower plated steel sheet exposed from the slit is removed, the portion of the weld line where the slit is not formed is laser-welded.
[0014]
In such a configuration, after the two plated steel sheets are overlapped, first, a slit is intermittently formed on the welding line of the plated steel sheet on the side irradiated with the laser light using the laser light. The plating layer of the lower plated steel sheet exposed from the above is removed using the heat of the laser beam, and then the part where the slit of the weld line is not formed is laser welded. At that time, the component evaporating gas generated from the plating layer on the joint surface is released to the outside through the slit.
[0015]
The method of lap laser welding of the third plated steel sheet is a method of lap laser welding of the first or second plated steel sheet, after laser welding the portion where the slit of the weld line is not formed , using a filler wire, the metal is melted by irradiating a laser beam to the filler wire, characterized in that Hama complement the slit.
[0016]
In such a configuration, after a portion in which the slit of the weld line is not formed is laser welding using a filler wire, and Hama auxiliary metal which is melted by irradiating a laser light to the filler wire slit scan Block the lit.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 is an enlarged view of a welding head portion of a lap laser welding apparatus, FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a joining surface of a plated steel plate, FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a joining surface of the plated steel plate, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the same part as in FIG. 2 in a different state.
[0018]
Reference numeral 1 in the drawing denotes a welding head. A roller arm 2 is fixed to the welding head 1, and pressure rollers 3 are pivotally supported on both sides of the roller arm 2 sandwiching the welding head 1.
[0019]
The welding head 1 is connected to a robot arm or the like (not shown). By the operation of the robot arm, the welding line Lw (see FIG. 3) of the two plated steel plates 4 and 5 overlapped on both sides. The two steel plates 4 and 5 are continuously welded to each other by the laser beam emitted from the welding head 1 while being pressed by the pair of pressure rollers 3. Reference numeral 21 denotes a plating layer formed on the surfaces of the plated steel plates 4 and 5, and is shown only between the joint surfaces 4 a and 5 a in the figure, but in actuality, the entire circumference of the plated steel plates 4 and 5. Is formed.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 3, slits 4 b are intermittently formed on the weld line Lw of the upper plated steel plate 4. The slit 4b is intended to be post-processed by irradiation of laser light, a slit 4 b is not formed portion on the welding line Lw laser welding. Reference numeral 22 denotes a bead formed by laser welding.
[0021]
In addition, the slit 4b is closed by loading the molten metal 24 after the completion of the overlap laser welding.
[0022]
In such a configuration, the joining surfaces 4a and 5a of the two plated steel plates 4 and 5 are overlapped, and laser welding is performed by irradiating the laser beam from the welding head 1 onto the welding line Lw of the upper plated steel plate 4. As a pre-process at that time, first, slits 4b are intermittently formed in the upper plated steel plate 4 using this laser beam. At the same time, the plating layer in the portion exposed to the slit 4b of the lower plated steel sheet 5 is evaporated using the heat at this time.
[0023]
Next, laser welding is performed on the weld line Lw. First, both plated steel plates 4 and 5 are pressed by the pressure roller 3, and the laser beam is irradiated to a portion where the slit 4a is not formed while moving the welding head 1 along the welding line Lw, thereby performing the laser welding.
[0024]
At this time, since the pressure roller 3 presses both sides of the laser irradiation part, the joining surfaces 4a and 5a of the two plated steel plates 4 and 5 are laser-welded in close contact with each other, so that the surface shape is not affected. , Stable welding can be performed.
[0025]
Further, during laser welding, component evaporative gas generated from the plating layer 21 between the joint surfaces 4a and 5a is discharged to the outside through the slit 4b. Therefore, the component evaporative gas does not remain in the beads 22 formed by laser welding, and it is possible to avoid the occurrence of poor welding such as blow holes and bits, and to obtain stable welding quality.
[0026]
Then, after laser welding is completed in a predetermined manner, the slit 4b is laser-welded using a filler wire 23 while filling the molten metal by irradiation with laser light, thereby closing the slit 4b. At this time, since the plating layer formed on the surface of the lower plated steel sheet 5 exposed to the slit 4b is removed when the slit 4b is formed, no welding failure occurs.
[0027]
As described above, according to the present embodiment, the slit 4b is intermittently formed on the welding line Lw in advance, and the component evaporation gas generated from the plating layer 21 between the joint surfaces 4a and 5a during laser welding. Is discharged to the outside through the slit 4b, so there is no need to provide a gas discharge path between the joint surfaces 4a and 5a, and laser welding can be performed with the two joint surfaces in close contact with each other. As a result, laser welding can be performed without being affected by the surface shape of the plated steel plates 4 and 5, so that stable welding quality can be obtained and productivity can be improved. .
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, since the slits are intermittently formed on the welding line of the plated steel sheet on the side irradiated with the laser beam, the plating layer between the joining surfaces generated during laser welding is removed. Since the component evaporative gas is released to the outside through the slit, there is no need to provide a special gas discharge path between the joint surfaces, simplification of the component parts can be realized, and it is also affected by the surface shape of the plated steel sheet Laser welding can be performed, stable welding quality can be obtained, and productivity can be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is an enlarged view of a welding head portion of a lap laser welding apparatus. FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a joining surface of a plated steel plate. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a joining surface of a plated steel plate. Expanded cross-sectional view of other parts [FIG. 5] Cross-sectional view of the same part in FIG.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Welding head 2 Roller arm 3 Pressure roller 4, 5 Plated steel plate 4a, 5a Joint surface 4b Slit 21 Plating layer 22 Bead 23 Filler wire 24 Molten metal Lw Welding line

Claims (3)

互いに対向するめっき鋼板をレーザ溶接するめっき鋼板の重ねレーザ溶接方法において、
レーザ光が照射される側のめっき鋼板の溶接線上に該レーザ光を用いてスリットを断続的に形成した後、
上記溶接線の上記スリットが形成されていない部位をレーザ溶接することを特徴とするめっき鋼板の重ねレーザ溶接方法。
In the method of lap laser welding of plated steel plates, in which the plated steel plates facing each other are laser welded,
After forming slits intermittently using the laser beam on the weld line of the plated steel plate on the side irradiated with the laser beam,
A method for lap laser welding of plated steel sheets, wherein laser welding is performed on a portion of the weld line where the slit is not formed.
互いに対向するめっき鋼板をレーザ溶接するめっき鋼板の重ねレーザ溶接方法において、
レーザ光が照射される側のめっき鋼板の溶接線上に該レーザ光を用いてスリットを断続的に形成すると共に上記スリットから露呈する下側のめっき鋼板のめっき層を除去した後、
上記溶接線の上記スリットが形成されていない部位をレーザ溶接することを特徴とするめっき鋼板の重ねレーザ溶接方法。
In the method of lap laser welding of plated steel plates, in which the plated steel plates facing each other are laser welded,
After removing the plating layer of the lower plated steel sheet exposed from the slit while intermittently forming slits on the weld line of the plated steel sheet irradiated with laser light,
A method for lap laser welding of plated steel sheets, wherein laser welding is performed on a portion of the weld line where the slit is not formed.
上記溶接線の上記スリットが形成されていない部位をレーザ溶接した後、
フィラーワイヤを用い、該フィラーワイヤにレーザ光を照射して溶融された金属を前記スリットに補することを特徴とする請求項1或いは2記載のめっき鋼板の重ねレーザ溶接方法。
After laser welding the portion of the weld line where the slit is not formed,
Using filler wire, overlapped laser welding method of the plated steel sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the metal is melted by irradiating a laser beam to the filler wire, characterized in that Hama complement the slit.
JP2000094940A 2000-03-30 2000-03-30 Laminated laser welding method for plated steel sheets Expired - Fee Related JP4409038B2 (en)

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JP2000094940A JP4409038B2 (en) 2000-03-30 2000-03-30 Laminated laser welding method for plated steel sheets
US09/821,838 US6528756B2 (en) 2000-03-30 2001-03-29 Laser lap welding process of welding together overlapped plated steel sheets
EP08161454A EP1985402B1 (en) 2000-03-30 2001-03-30 Laser welding process of welding together overlapped plated steel sheets
DE60135714T DE60135714D1 (en) 2000-03-30 2001-03-30 Laser welding process for welding together overlapped steel sheets
EP08161418.2A EP1982789B1 (en) 2000-03-30 2001-03-30 Laser welding process of welding together overlapped plated steel sheets
EP01108157A EP1184126B1 (en) 2000-03-30 2001-03-30 Laser welding process of welding together overlapped plated steel sheets

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