JP4404505B2 - Revetment walls such as rivers - Google Patents

Revetment walls such as rivers Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4404505B2
JP4404505B2 JP2001280316A JP2001280316A JP4404505B2 JP 4404505 B2 JP4404505 B2 JP 4404505B2 JP 2001280316 A JP2001280316 A JP 2001280316A JP 2001280316 A JP2001280316 A JP 2001280316A JP 4404505 B2 JP4404505 B2 JP 4404505B2
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steel sheet
sheet pile
bag
mat
vegetation base
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JP2003090020A (en
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雅敬 木下
▲くず▼拓造
美津男 谷口
大介 豊原
孝史 藤江
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Nisshoku Corp
Nippon Steel Corp
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Nisshoku Corp
Nippon Steel Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、河川や湖沼、その他、灌漑用などの池等(以下、適宜に河川や河川等と言う。)の護岸壁に関し、具体的には、鋼矢板を互いに連結する状態で地盤に打設してなる河川等の護岸壁に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
上記の鋼矢板による護岸壁は、鋼矢板を互いに連結する状態で、この鋼矢板を単に地盤に打設するだけであるから、止水のための締切り工事が不要であって、軟弱地盤への対応も可能であり、施工工期も短くて済む利点がある。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
この反面、人工構造物である護岸壁は、殺風景で自然にマッチしないばかりか、水面部と陸部との自然環境を分断してしまう点で問題があり、景観、親水性等の環境保全に配慮した護岸壁の早期の提案が待たれている。
【0004】
本発明は、上記の要望に呼応して成されたものであって、締切り工事が不要で、軟弱地盤への対応も可能であり、しかも、施工工期も短くて済むとするところの、鋼矢板による護岸壁の特長を活かしながら、護岸壁全面への植生の導入を実施して、殺風景であった護岸壁の緑化修景によって水面部と陸部との連続性を確保し、景観、親水性等の環境保全の向上を図ることを目的としている。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的を達成するために、本発明が講じた技術的手段は次の通りである。即ち、鋼矢板を互いに連結する状態で地盤に打設してなる河川等の護岸壁において、地盤に打設された鋼矢板の接水側の凹部に、保水性を有する繊維性部材を装着する一方、この繊維性部材と鋼矢板との接水側の面部を覆うように、植物種子の発芽・生育を可能とした袋状のマットを装着し、かつ、この袋状マットに、植物種子を含む植生基材を充填してなる点に特徴がある(請求項1)。
【0006】
このように、袋状マットに植生基材を充填することで、護岸壁の接水側に植生基盤が構成されるのであるが、袋状マットを装着してから、この袋状マットに植生基材を充填することに代えて、植物種子の発芽・生育を可能とした袋状マットに、植物種子を含む植生基材を予め充填して、このようにして構成した植生基盤を、繊維性部材と鋼矢板との接水側の面部を覆うように装着してもよいのである(請求項2)。
【0007】
いずれにしても、鋼矢板の凹部に繊維性部材を備えることで、その凹部が浅くなり、鋼矢板による護岸壁の起伏が緩やかになることから、袋状マットあるいは植生基盤の装着作業を簡易に行うことができるのである。
【0008】
この際、繊維性部材と袋状マットまたは植生基盤の装着用アンカー部材を、鋼矢板を地盤に打設した後に、この鋼矢板に配設するのが基本的であるが、鋼矢板を地盤に打設する前に、この鋼矢板にアンカー部材を配設しておいてもよい。
【0009】
上記の特徴構成によれば、鋼矢板の凹部に備えた繊維性部材が、雨水を保水することに加えて、河川(その他、湖沼や池等)からも水を吸い上げて、これを保水することから、この繊維性部材は、常に湿潤下に置かれることになる。
【0010】
一方、袋状マットに充填された植生基材については、これが河川等から水を吸い上げるだけでなく、繊維性部材に接触する部分の植生基材が、繊維性部材から直接的に給水を受けるようになり、更に、この周りの植生基材(鋼矢板の接水側の面部に接触するもの)は、その周囲の植生基材から水分を吸い取ることから、植生基材は、常に給水された状況下に置かれるようになる。
【0011】
これによって、植生基材に含まれた植物種子は、良好に発芽・生育し、やがては殺風景であった護岸壁の全面が植生によって緑化されるのであって、護岸壁の緑化修景によって水面部と陸部との連続性が確保されることから、景観、親水性等の環境保全の向上が達成されるようになる。
【0012】
ここで、鋼矢板の打設姿勢として、ほゞ鉛直姿勢または上部側ほど陸部側に傾斜する姿勢のいずれかを選択することが可能であり(請求項3)、作業性の面からは、鋼矢板をほゞ鉛直に打設することであるが、植生は鉛直面よりも傾斜面の方が生育し易く、かつ、傾斜面の方が雨水の取り込みも十分になることから、植生の永続的な生育面からは、鋼矢板を傾斜姿勢に打設することが望ましい。
【0013】
上記の護岸壁に用いる繊維性部材として、例えばヤシ繊維や麻、ジュウト、ビンロウジュなどを束ねたものや、これらをネットや不織布状などで包んだもの等を選択できるが、粒状のプラスチック発泡体と繊維との混合物の加圧成形品を用いることが望ましい(請求項4)。
【0014】
即ち、この加圧成形品は、適度な通気性と保水性ならびに排水性を有することから、植生面で好適であり、しかも、この加圧成形品は、繊維を含んで組成的には強靱で耐久性が高く、かつ、軽量であることから、施工面ならびに取り扱いの面からも好適なのである。
【0015】
望ましくは、鋼矢板の少なくとも水底面よりも上方の面部に、多数の開口を形成することであり(請求項5)、このように開口を備えると、護岸壁の背面部の水位が高いことから、この開口を通して植生基盤への水分や養分の供給を図ることが可能となり、更には、河川部と陸部での酸素や水分の往来も可能となって、微生物等を始めとする種々の動植物の生育し易い空間が創造されるようになる。
【0016】
これに加えて、植生基盤で生育した植物の根が開口を通過して、護岸壁の背面土に定着することから、植物の長期的で安定した生育が可能となるのである。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。図1は鋼矢板1による河川等の護岸壁2を示し、この実施の形態では、鋼矢板1を互いに連結する状態で地盤にほゞ鉛直に打設して、河川等の護岸壁2としている。
【0018】
この護岸壁2の全面を植生によって緑化し、水面部と陸部との連続性を確保して、景観、親水性等の環境保全の向上を図るために、植物種子を含む植生基盤3を護岸壁2の接水側の面部に備えている。
【0019】
即ち、護岸壁2の接水側の面部に植生基盤3を備えるに際して、図2〜図4に示すように、鋼矢板1を互いに連結する状態で地盤に打設して、先ずは鋼矢板1による護岸壁2を構築し、この鋼矢板1による護岸壁2の接水側に、例えばスタッドボルトによるアンカー部材4を所定の間隔で配設する。
【0020】
この際、アンカー部材4を予め鋼矢板1に配設しておいて、この鋼矢板1を互いに連結する状態で地盤に打設するようにしてもよく、或いは、鋼矢板1の打設作業の途中において、打設作業を中断して、その作業中断の間に、アンカー部材4を鋼矢板1に配設するようにしてもよいのである。
【0021】
次に、護岸壁2の接水側の凹部1aを埋めるように、この凹部1aに保水性を有する繊維性部材5を装着するのであり、この繊維性部材5として、例えばヤシ繊維や麻、ジュウト、ビンロウジュなどを束ねたものや、これらをネットや不織布状などで包んだもの等を選択できるが、この実施の形態では、ペットボトルなどの合成樹脂製品のリサイクル資材を繊維化したものや、裁断屑の繊維、その他、回収衣類などの生地から得られる繊維の少なくとも一つを選択して、この繊維と粒状のプラスチック発泡体(例えば梱包用の緩衝材などウレタン系発泡体の廃材などが利用される。)とを混合し、かつ、バインダーとして例えばウレタン系プレポリマーを混ぜて、これを加圧成形したものを繊維性部材5としている。
【0022】
より具体的には、適度な通気性と保水性ならびに排水性を追求する上で、粒状のプラスチック発泡体を35〜50%、繊維を65〜50%の容量比で混合することが望ましいことから、この実施の形態では、粒状のプラスチック発泡体(直径が約6mmのものを選択しているが、これに特定されるものではない。)を35%、繊維(直径が約15mmのチップ状のものを選択しているが、これに特定されるものではない。)を52%、バインダーを13%の容量比で混合した成形素材を用いて、この混合物を型枠に充填し、密閉装置中で、蒸気をかけながら圧縮成形(加圧成形)して、繊維性部材5を得ている。
【0023】
このようにして成形された繊維性部材5は、適度な通気性と保水性ならびに排水性を有することから、植生面で好適であり、しかも、強靱で耐久性が高く且つ軽量であることから、施工面ならびに取り扱いの面からも好適である。
【0024】
この繊維性部材5を凹部1aに装着させるに際して、アンカー部材4の配設位置に合わせるように、繊維性部材5にアンカー挿通孔aを形成して、このアンカー挿通孔aを用いて、繊維性部材5をアンカー部材4に保持させるようにしている。
【0025】
尚、繊維性部材5を、鋼矢板1の凹部1aの形状に合わせるように、断面形状を台形に成形しているが、図5に示すように、繊維性部材5を板状に成形して、これの複数枚を重ねて凹部1aに装着するようにしてもよく、この際、板状の繊維性部材5に上下方向の凹溝bを形成して、重ね合わせた板状の繊維性部材5,5間に通気路を構成するようにしているが、凹溝bを省略して実施可能であることは言うまでもない。
【0026】
護岸壁2の接水側の凹部1aに繊維性部材5を装着したならば、この繊維性部材5と鋼矢板1との接水側の面部を覆うに足る枚数の袋状マット6と、ネット状の部材7A,7Bと、平座金8と、アンカー部材4のねじ部に螺着されるナット9とを用意して、繊維性部材5と鋼矢板1との接水側の面部を覆うように、この部位に袋状マット6を装着するのである。
【0027】
ここで、長期的に耐久性を高める上で、アンカー部材4を始めとして、ネット状の部材7A,7Bと平座金8およびナット9のそれぞれを、耐腐食性に優れた材料製(例えばステンレス製)にすることが望まれるが、例えば亜鉛メッキ等の表面処理を施したものも好適に実施可能である。
【0028】
上記の袋状マット6は、例えば次のように編織されている。即ち、図6に示すように、耐腐食性の糸によって細幅の格子状の補強帯10を形成すると共に、同じく耐腐食性の糸によって、網状のシート11を上下二枚連続的に編織し、この編織に際して、シート端部に注入口12を形成する状態で、二枚の網状シート11の補強帯10どうしを適宜に連結して、袋部13を連続的に備えさせるようにしており、かつ、この袋状マット6には、アンカー部材4の配設ピッチに合わせて鳩目金具(図2を参照)14が設けられている。
【0029】
一方、ネット状の部材7A,7Bは、直径が4〜6mmの鉄筋を格子状に接合してなるもので、凸状部に配置されるネット状部材7Aについては、凸状の形状に合わせるように横筋7aが曲げ加工されている。また、座金8は、薄い平板状の帯鋼からなるもので、アンカー部材4の配設ピッチに合わせたアンカー孔cが形成されている。
【0030】
従って、袋状マット6の装着に際して、この袋状マット6に備えた鳩目金具14を用いて、繊維性部材5と鋼矢板1との接水側の面部を覆うように、袋状マット6をアンカー部材4に保持させ、かつ、この袋状マット6にネット状部材7A,7Bを当て付け、更に、アンカー孔cを用いて、座金8をアンカー部材4に保持させ、このアンカー部材4にナット8を螺着するのである。
【0031】
このようにして袋状マット6を装着したならば、図4及び図6を参照して、植生基材の加圧供給装置(図示を省略)に接続された供給筒15を、袋状マット6の注入口12に挿入して、植物種子を含む植生基材16を袋状マット6に加圧充填し、かつ、注入口12を適宜ファスナーなどによって閉じるのであって、この袋状マット6への植生基材16の充填によって、護岸壁2の接水側に植生基盤3が設置されることになる。
【0032】
袋状マット6を耐腐食性の糸で編織しているのは、腐食性の糸であると、袋状マット6が腐食してしまった際に、袋状マット6から植生基材16が流失して、植生基盤3がなくなるからであり、このことから、この実施の形態では、耐環境性に優れ、長期にわたって耐久性のあるポリエステルやポリアミド、ポリエチレン、ナイロン、ビニロン等の人造繊維による500〜1000デニールの耐腐食性の糸を用いて、袋状マット6を編織しているのであり、理想的には、鋼矢板1の耐用年数と同じ耐久性を持たせることである。
【0033】
しかし、袋状マット6の編織素材として、一部の繊維素材が腐食するものを使用することもあり、例えば比較的耐久性のあるヤシ繊維のような植物性素材や生分解性プラスチック繊維などが使用でき、こうすると、河川等を流れてくる漂流種子の定着がより促進され、より周辺の自然の状態の植物を誘導定着させることが可能となる。
【0034】
袋状マット6への植生基材16の注入は、乾式または湿式のいずれを選択してもよいのであるが、袋状マット6の隅々にまで植生基材16を注入する上で、その注入性の面からは、植生基材16を水で混練して、これをポンプで注入する湿式注入の形態をとることが望ましい。
【0035】
上記の植生基材16としては、護岸壁2の構築域付近の埋土種子を含む表層土であることが望ましいが、ピートモスやバーク堆肥、ベントナイトなどの土壌改良材や、鉱物質のパーライトやバーミキュライト、ゼオライト、高吸水性ポリマーなどの保水材、その他、有機堆肥や化学肥料、植物性繊維などを適宜に配合したものも好適に選択され、更には、水質浄化の能力を有する多孔質の鉱物質、例えば上記のゼオライトや木炭、水滓スラグ、石炭の燃え滓等を混入することも好適である。
【0036】
この際、圧密や植物の生育などによって体積が減容しない鉱物質を、50%以上の容量比で、望ましくは80%程度の容量比で含ませると、植生基材16の目減りが防止されることから、この実施の形態では、植生基材1として、パーライトを80%、ピートモスを10%、バーク堆肥を10%の容量比で混合して、これに対して、難溶出性樹脂コーティング肥料(その他、溶出抑制型樹脂コーティング肥料など)、例えばハイコントロール肥料を100〜200g/m3 を混合したものを選択している。
【0037】
植生基材16に配合される植物種子としては、周辺地域で採取した現地植生の草本種子や低木の木本種子、その他、外来種の草本種子(例えば発芽・生育の早い牧草種子)などが選択され、更には、耐水性の植物であるリードキャナリーグラス、バミューダグラス、イタチハギ等や、メドハギ、トールフェクス等を選択することも好適である。
【0038】
上記の実施の形態では、繊維性部材5と鋼矢板1との接水側の面部を覆うように、この部位に袋状マット6を装着し、この袋状マット6に植生基材16を充填して、護岸壁2の接水側に植生基盤3を備えるようにしているが、これに代えて、植物種子の発芽・生育を可能とした袋状マットに、植物種子を含む植生基材を予め充填して、このようにして構成した植生基盤を、繊維性部材と鋼矢板との接水側の面部を覆うように装着してもよいのであり、この植生基盤の装着状態は、図1及び図4に示す状態、即ち、袋状マット6に植生基材16を加圧充填した状態とほゞ同じであることから、図示を省略する。
【0039】
また、護岸壁2を構築するための鋼矢板1として、幅方向の両側に連結部d,dを備えた断面形状がコの字状のもの(一般には、U型鋼矢板と称されている。)を用いているが、図7に示すように、一般にオメガ(Ω)型と称されている鋼矢板(ハット型の鋼矢板とも称されている。)1などに変更が可能である。
【0040】
いずれにしても、鋼矢板1の凹部に繊維性部材5を備えることで、鋼矢板1による護岸壁2の起伏が緩やかになることから、袋状マット6あるいは植生基盤3の装着作業を簡易に行うことができる。
【0041】
そして、鋼矢板1の凹部に備えた繊維性部材5は、雨水を保水することに加えて、河川等からも水を吸い上げて、これを保水することから、繊維性部材5は、常に湿潤下に置かれるようになり、一方、袋状マット6に充填の植生基材16については、これが河川等から水を吸い上げるだけでなく、繊維性部材5に接触する部分の植生基材16が、繊維性部材5から直接的に給水を受けるようになり、更に、この周りの植生基材16(鋼矢板1の接水側の面部に接触するもの)は、その周囲の植生基材16から水分を吸い取ることから、植生基材16は、常に給水された状況下に置かれるようになる。
【0042】
従って、植生基盤3が植生にとって良好な生育環境を形成することから、植生基材16に含まれた植物種子は、この植生基盤3において良好に発芽・生育し、やがては護岸壁2の全面が植生によって緑化されるのであって、護岸壁2の緑化修景によって水面部と陸部との連続性が確保されることから、景観、親水性等の環境保全の向上が達成されるようになる。
【0043】
上記の実施の形態では、作業性の面で好適なように、鋼矢板1を地盤に対してほゞ鉛直に打設しているが、植生は鉛直面よりも傾斜面の方が生育し易く、かつ、傾斜面の方が雨水の取り込みも十分であって、植生の永続的な生育面からは、鋼矢板1を傾斜姿勢に打設することが望ましい。
【0044】
このことから、図8に示すように、鋼矢板1を互いに連結する状態で、それの上部側ほど陸部側に傾斜する姿勢にして地盤に打設し、この鋼矢板1の接水側の凹部1aに、保水性を有する繊維性部材5を装着する一方、この繊維性部材5と鋼矢板1との接水側の面部を覆うように、植物種子の発芽・生育を可能とした袋状のマット6を装着し、かつ、この袋状マット6に、植物種子を含む植生基材16を充填する形態をとってもよいのである。
【0045】
この際、記述したと同様に、袋状マットに植生基材を予め充填してなる植生基盤を、繊維性部材と鋼矢板との接水側の面部を覆うように装着してもよいことは言うまでもない。
【0046】
鋼矢板1の傾斜角度については、これが限定されるものではないが、2分勾配(1:0.2の勾配であり、地表面に対して78.7度である。)以上で傾斜しているのが好適であり、特に好適には、植物の生育と鋼矢板1の機能を勘案して、3分勾配(1:0.3の勾配であり、地表面に対して73.3度である。)から5分勾配(1:0.5の勾配であり、地表面に対して63.4度である。)の傾斜である。
【0047】
ここで、望ましくは、図9に示すように、鋼矢板1の少なくとも水底面よりも上方の面部に、多数の開口eを形成することであり、このように開口eを備えると、護岸壁の背面部の水位が高いことから、この開口eを通して植生基盤への水分や養分の供給を図ることが可能となる利点がある。
【0048】
更には、開口eを通して河川部と陸部での酸素や水分の往来も可能になることから、微生物等を始めとする種々の動植物の生育し易い空間が創造されるようになり、これに加えて、植生基盤で生育した植物の根が開口eを通過して、護岸壁の背面土に定着することから、植物の長期的で安定した生育が可能となる利点がある。
【0049】
このように、鋼矢板1に開口eを形成しても、鋼矢板1による護岸構造の機能が損なわれることはないのである。即ち、鋼矢板1による護岸壁2は、連結部d,dを相互に連結する状態で鋼矢板1を地盤に打設して、地中の根入れ部の横抵抗により護岸としての機能を発揮させる構造のものである。
【0050】
従って、鋼矢板1の頂部(凹部1aの底面)に多少の開口eを形成したとしても、鋼矢板1の中央部や地表面付近の発生断面力と比較して、地中から突出した頂部付近の発生断面力が小さくなることから、護岸構造の機能が損なわれることはないのである。
【0051】
また、鋼矢板1に開口eを形成した場合、この開口eを通して護岸壁の背面部の土壌が吸い出されると懸念されるが、護岸壁の接水側の面部に、繊維性部材5と植生基盤3とを備えることから、開口eを通しての土壌の吸い出しは確実に防止されるのである。
【0052】
この実施の形態では、開口eの直径を約20mmとして、64個/m2 程度で等間隔に設けているが、これは一例であって、開口面積については、これを鋼矢板1の投影面積の1〜4%程度にすることが望ましく、この開口eの形成は、鋼矢板1を地盤に打設する前に形成しておくのが基本的であるが、鋼矢板1を地盤に打設してから、この鋼矢板1に開口eを形成してもよく、或いは、鋼矢板1の打設作業の途中において、打設作業を中断して、その作業中断の間に、開口eを鋼矢板1に形成するようにしてもよいのである。
【0053】
尚、繊維性部材5として、そのうちの繊維については、ペットボトルなどの合成樹脂製品のリサイクル資材を繊維化したもの等を利用し、粒状のプラスチック発泡体については、例えば梱包用の緩衝材などウレタン系発泡体の廃材などを利用していることから、繊維性部材5をコスト的に安価に得ることができる上に、公害防止の一助になる利点があるも、このような成形素材に限られるものではない。
【0054】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、鋼矢板による護岸壁全面への植生の導入が簡易に実施され、これによる護岸壁の緑化修景によって水面部と陸部との連続性が確保されるのであって、従って本発明によれば、景観、親水性等の環境保全に配慮した護岸壁が提供されることになる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】陸部と護岸壁および繊維性部材と植生基盤を含めて河川部を縦断した状態を示す斜視図である。
【図2】護岸壁への繊維性部材と袋状マットとの装着手順を示す分解斜視図である。
【図3】袋状マットへの植生基材の充填状態を示す縦断面図である。
【図4】護岸壁への繊維性部材と袋状マットとの装着状態を示す横断面図である。
【図5】別の実施の形態による繊維性部材の構成図である。
【図6】袋状マットの一部を示す斜視図である。
【図7】Ω型の鋼矢板を用いた護岸壁への繊維性部材と袋状マットとの装着状態を示す横断面図である。
【図8】鋼矢板を傾斜姿勢とした別の実施の形態による河川部の斜視図である。
【図9】開口を形成した別の実施の形態による鋼矢板の正面図である。
【符号の説明】
1…鋼矢板、1a…凹部、3…植生基盤、5…繊維性部材、6…袋状マット、16…植生基材、e…開口。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a revetment wall for rivers, lakes, ponds for irrigation, etc. (hereinafter appropriately referred to as rivers, rivers, etc.). Specifically, the steel sheet piles are connected to the ground in a state where they are connected to each other. It relates to revetment walls such as rivers.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The above-mentioned revetment wall with steel sheet piles is a state in which the steel sheet piles are connected to each other, and this steel sheet pile is simply placed on the ground. It is possible to cope with it, and there is an advantage that the construction period can be shortened.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
On the other hand, the revetment wall, which is an artificial structure, not only matches the natural environment in killing scenes, but also has a problem in that it divides the natural environment between the water surface and the land. An early proposal for a well-reserved revetment is awaited.
[0004]
The present invention has been made in response to the above-mentioned demand, and does not require a deadline construction, can be applied to soft ground, and the construction period can be shortened. Taking advantage of the features of the revetment wall by vegetation, we introduced vegetation over the entire revetment wall and secured the continuity between the water surface and the land by revegetation of the revetment wall, which was a murderous landscape. The purpose is to improve environmental conservation.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the technical means taken by the present invention are as follows. That is, in a revetment wall of a river or the like that is driven into the ground in a state where the steel sheet piles are connected to each other, a water-retaining fibrous member is attached to the recessed portion on the water contact side of the steel sheet pile placed in the ground. On the other hand, a bag-like mat that enables germination and growth of plant seeds is mounted so as to cover the surface of the fibrous member and the steel sheet pile on the water contact side, and plant seeds are attached to the bag-like mat. It is characterized in that it is filled with the vegetation base material to be included (claim 1).
[0006]
In this way, by filling the bag-shaped mat with the vegetation base material, a vegetation base is constructed on the water-contacting side of the revetment wall. Instead of filling the material, a bag-like mat that enables germination and growth of plant seeds is pre-filled with a vegetation base material containing plant seeds, and the vegetation base constructed in this way is used as a fibrous member. It may be mounted so as to cover the surface portion on the water contact side with the steel sheet pile (claim 2).
[0007]
In any case, by providing a fibrous member in the concave portion of the steel sheet pile, the concave portion becomes shallow, and the undulation of the revetment wall by the steel sheet pile becomes gentle, making it easy to install the bag-like mat or vegetation base It can be done.
[0008]
At this time, the fiber member and the bag-shaped mat or the vegetation base mounting anchor member are basically disposed on the steel sheet pile after the steel sheet pile is placed on the ground, but the steel sheet pile on the ground. An anchor member may be disposed on this steel sheet pile before placing.
[0009]
According to the above characteristic configuration, the fibrous member provided in the concave portion of the steel sheet pile sucks up water from rivers (other lakes, ponds, etc.) in addition to retaining rainwater, and retains it. Therefore, the fibrous member is always placed under moisture.
[0010]
On the other hand, as for the vegetation base material filled in the bag-like mat, not only does this absorb water from the river etc., but the vegetation base part in contact with the fibrous member is directly supplied with water from the fibrous member. Furthermore, since the surrounding vegetation base material (which contacts the surface of the steel sheet pile on the water contact side) absorbs moisture from the surrounding vegetation base material, the vegetation base material is always supplied with water. Will be placed underneath.
[0011]
As a result, the plant seeds contained in the vegetation base material germinate and grow well, and the entire revetment wall, which was eventually killed, is greened by vegetation. Since the continuity with the land is ensured, the environmental conservation such as landscape and hydrophilicity can be improved.
[0012]
Here, as the placing posture of the steel sheet pile, it is possible to select either a vertical posture or a posture inclined toward the land portion toward the upper side (Claim 3), from the viewpoint of workability, Although steel sheet piles are placed almost vertically, the vegetation is more likely to grow on the inclined surface than the vertical surface, and the inclined surface also has sufficient uptake of rainwater. From a typical growth surface, it is desirable to place the steel sheet pile in an inclined position.
[0013]
As the fibrous member used for the above-mentioned revetment wall, for example, a bundle of palm fibers, hemp, jute, betel wax, etc., or those wrapped in a net or nonwoven fabric can be selected. It is desirable to use a pressure-molded product of a mixture with fibers (claim 4).
[0014]
That is, this pressure-molded product is suitable for vegetation because it has appropriate air permeability, water retention and drainage, and this pressure-molded product contains fibers and is tough in composition. Since it is highly durable and lightweight, it is suitable from the viewpoint of construction and handling.
[0015]
Desirably, a large number of openings are formed in the surface portion of the steel sheet pile at least above the bottom surface of the water (Claim 5), and when the openings are provided in this way, the water level of the back portion of the revetment wall is high. Through this opening, it becomes possible to supply moisture and nutrients to the vegetation base, and furthermore, oxygen and moisture can be transported between rivers and land, and various animals and plants including microorganisms An easy-to-grow space will be created.
[0016]
In addition to this, the roots of the plants grown on the vegetation base pass through the openings and settle on the back soil of the revetment wall, so that long-term and stable growth of the plants becomes possible.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a revetment wall 2 for a river or the like by a steel sheet pile 1. In this embodiment, the steel sheet pile 1 is connected to each other in a vertical state to form a revetment wall 2 for a river or the like. .
[0018]
In order to greenen the entire revetment wall 2 with vegetation and ensure the continuity between the water surface and the land, and to improve environmental conservation such as landscape and hydrophilicity, the vegetation base 3 including plant seeds is revetted. It is provided on the surface of the wall 2 on the water contact side.
[0019]
That is, when the vegetation base 3 is provided on the surface of the revetment wall 2 on the water contact side, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the steel sheet piles 1 are placed on the ground in a state of being connected to each other. A revetment wall 2 is constructed, and anchor members 4 such as stud bolts are arranged at predetermined intervals on the water contact side of the revetment wall 2 by the steel sheet pile 1.
[0020]
At this time, the anchor member 4 may be disposed on the steel sheet pile 1 in advance, and the steel sheet pile 1 may be driven on the ground in a state where the steel sheet piles 1 are connected to each other. On the way, the placing operation may be interrupted, and the anchor member 4 may be disposed on the steel sheet pile 1 during the operation interruption.
[0021]
Next, a fibrous member 5 having water retention is attached to the concave portion 1a so as to fill the concave portion 1a on the water contact side of the revetment wall 2. As the fibrous member 5, for example, palm fiber, hemp, jute , Bottle bundles, etc., or those wrapped in nets or nonwoven fabrics, etc. can be selected. In this embodiment, recycled plastic materials such as plastic bottles are made into fibers or cut. Select at least one of the fibers obtained from the waste fibers and other fabrics such as recovered clothing, and use this fiber and granular plastic foam (for example, urethane foam waste such as cushioning material for packing) In addition, the fibrous member 5 is obtained by mixing, for example, a urethane prepolymer as a binder and press-molding it.
[0022]
More specifically, it is desirable to mix granular plastic foam in a volume ratio of 35 to 50% and fiber in a volume ratio of 65 to 50% in pursuit of appropriate air permeability, water retention and drainage. In this embodiment, 35% of a granular plastic foam (having a diameter of about 6 mm is selected but not limited to this) and fibers (chip-shaped with a diameter of about 15 mm) Is selected, but is not limited to this.) Using a molding material mixed with a volume ratio of 52% and binder of 13%, this mixture is filled into a mold and placed in a sealing device. Thus, the fibrous member 5 is obtained by compression molding (pressure molding) while applying steam.
[0023]
The fibrous member 5 molded in this manner is suitable for vegetation because it has appropriate air permeability, water retention and drainage, and is strong, durable and lightweight. It is also suitable in terms of construction and handling.
[0024]
When the fibrous member 5 is attached to the recess 1a, an anchor insertion hole a is formed in the fibrous member 5 so as to match the position where the anchor member 4 is disposed. The member 5 is held by the anchor member 4.
[0025]
In addition, although the cross-sectional shape is shape | molded so that the fibrous member 5 may match the shape of the recessed part 1a of the steel sheet pile 1, as shown in FIG. 5, the fibrous member 5 is shape | molded in plate shape. In addition, a plurality of these may be stacked and mounted in the recess 1a. At this time, the plate-like fibrous member 5 is formed by forming a vertical groove d on the plate-like fibrous member 5. Although a ventilation path is formed between the fifth and fifth, it goes without saying that the groove b can be omitted.
[0026]
If the fibrous member 5 is mounted in the concave portion 1a on the water contact side of the revetment wall 2, a bag-like mat 6 having a number sufficient to cover the surface portion on the water contact side between the fibrous member 5 and the steel sheet pile 1 and a net Member 7A, 7B, a flat washer 8, and a nut 9 to be screwed onto the threaded portion of the anchor member 4 so as to cover the surface portion of the fibrous member 5 and the steel sheet pile 1 on the water contact side. In addition, the bag-like mat 6 is attached to this portion.
[0027]
Here, in order to improve durability over the long term, each of the net-like members 7A and 7B, the plain washer 8 and the nut 9 including the anchor member 4 is made of a material having excellent corrosion resistance (for example, made of stainless steel). However, it is also possible to suitably carry out a surface treatment such as galvanization.
[0028]
The bag-like mat 6 is knitted as follows, for example. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, a narrow grid-like reinforcing band 10 is formed with a corrosion-resistant yarn, and two mesh-like sheets 11 are continuously knitted on the upper and lower sides with the same corrosion-resistant yarn. In this state of weaving, in a state where the injection port 12 is formed at the end of the sheet, the reinforcing bands 10 of the two mesh sheets 11 are appropriately connected to each other so that the bag portion 13 is continuously provided. The bag-like mat 6 is provided with eyelet fittings (see FIG. 2) 14 according to the arrangement pitch of the anchor members 4.
[0029]
On the other hand, the net-like members 7A and 7B are formed by joining reinforcing bars having a diameter of 4 to 6 mm in a lattice shape, and the net-like member 7A arranged in the convex portion is matched with the convex shape. The lateral stripes 7a are bent. The washer 8 is made of a thin flat band steel, and an anchor hole c is formed in accordance with the arrangement pitch of the anchor members 4.
[0030]
Therefore, when the bag-like mat 6 is mounted, the bag-like mat 6 is covered with the eyelet fitting 14 provided in the bag-like mat 6 so as to cover the surface portion of the fibrous member 5 and the steel sheet pile 1 on the water contact side. The net-like members 7A and 7B are applied to the bag-like mat 6 and the washer 8 is held by the anchor member 4 using the anchor hole c, and the anchor member 4 has a nut. 8 is screwed.
[0031]
When the bag-like mat 6 is thus mounted, the supply cylinder 15 connected to the vegetation base material pressure supply device (not shown) is connected to the bag-like mat 6 with reference to FIGS. The vegetation base material 16 containing plant seeds is pressure-filled into the bag-like mat 6 and the inlet 12 is appropriately closed with a fastener or the like. By filling the vegetation base material 16, the vegetation base 3 is installed on the water contact side of the revetment wall 2.
[0032]
If the bag-like mat 6 is woven with a corrosion-resistant yarn, if the bag-like mat 6 is corroded, the vegetation base material 16 is washed away from the bag-like mat 6. Then, the vegetation base 3 is eliminated, and in this embodiment, in this embodiment, it is made of artificial fibers such as polyester, polyamide, polyethylene, nylon, and vinylon that are excellent in environmental resistance and durable for a long period of time. The bag-like mat 6 is knitted using a 1000 denier corrosion-resistant yarn, and ideally has the same durability as the service life of the steel sheet pile 1.
[0033]
However, as the woven material of the bag-like mat 6, there is a case where a part of the fiber material corrodes, for example, a relatively durable plant material such as palm fiber or biodegradable plastic fiber. It can be used, and in this way, the anchorage of drifting seeds flowing in rivers and the like is further promoted, and it becomes possible to induce and fix plants in the surrounding natural state.
[0034]
The vegetation substrate 16 may be injected into the bag-like mat 6 by either dry or wet method. However, when the vegetation substrate 16 is injected into every corner of the bag-like mat 6, the injection is performed. From the standpoint of sexuality, it is desirable that the vegetation base material 16 is kneaded with water and then in the form of wet injection in which this is injected by a pump.
[0035]
The vegetation base 16 is preferably a surface soil containing buried seeds in the vicinity of the construction area of the revetment wall 2, but soil improvement materials such as peat moss, bark compost, bentonite, mineral perlite and vermiculite. , Zeolites, water-retaining materials such as superabsorbent polymers, etc., and organic composts, chemical fertilizers, plant fibers, etc., which are appropriately blended, are also preferably selected. Furthermore, porous minerals having water purification capabilities For example, it is also preferable to mix the above zeolite, charcoal, starch slag, coal burner, or the like.
[0036]
At this time, when a mineral substance whose volume is not reduced by compaction or plant growth is included at a volume ratio of 50% or more, preferably at a volume ratio of about 80%, the loss of the vegetation base 16 is prevented. Therefore, in this embodiment, as the vegetation base material 1, pearlite is mixed at a volume ratio of 80%, peat moss at 10%, and bark compost at a volume ratio of 10%. In addition, elution-suppressing resin-coated fertilizers, etc.), for example, high-control fertilizers mixed with 100 to 200 g / m 3 are selected.
[0037]
As plant seeds to be blended with the vegetation base material 16, selected are local vegetation herb seeds and shrub tree seeds collected in the surrounding area, as well as foreign species of herb seeds (eg, grass seeds with fast germination and growth). In addition, it is also preferable to select water-resistant plants such as reed canary grass, bermuda grass, weasel hagi, medhagi, tallfex, and the like.
[0038]
In the above embodiment, the bag-like mat 6 is attached to this portion so as to cover the surface portion on the water contact side between the fibrous member 5 and the steel sheet pile 1, and the vegetation base material 16 is filled in the bag-like mat 6. The vegetation base 3 is provided on the water-contact side of the revetment wall 2, but instead of this, a vegetation base material containing plant seeds is placed on a bag-like mat that enables germination and growth of plant seeds. The vegetation base that has been pre-filled and configured as described above may be mounted so as to cover the surface portion of the fibrous member and the steel sheet pile on the water contact side. And since it is the same as the state shown in FIG. 4, that is, the state in which the bag-like mat 6 is pressure-filled with the vegetation base material 16, the illustration is omitted.
[0039]
Moreover, as the steel sheet pile 1 for constructing the revetment wall 2, the cross-sectional shape provided with the connection parts d and d on both sides in the width direction is a U-shaped one (generally referred to as a U-shaped steel sheet pile). However, as shown in FIG. 7, it can be changed to a steel sheet pile (also called a hat-type steel sheet pile) 1 generally called an omega (Ω) type.
[0040]
In any case, since the undulation of the revetment wall 2 by the steel sheet pile 1 is moderated by providing the fibrous member 5 in the concave portion of the steel sheet pile 1, the mounting work of the bag-like mat 6 or the vegetation base 3 can be simplified. It can be carried out.
[0041]
The fibrous member 5 provided in the concave portion of the steel sheet pile 1 sucks up water from a river or the like in addition to retaining rainwater, and retains it, so that the fibrous member 5 is always wet. On the other hand, with respect to the vegetation base material 16 filled in the bag-like mat 6, the vegetation base material 16 not only absorbs water from a river or the like but also contacts the fibrous member 5. The vegetation base material 16 (which is in contact with the surface portion on the water contact side of the steel sheet pile 1) receives water from the surrounding vegetation base material 16 directly. Since the vegetation base material 16 is sucked up, the vegetation base material 16 is always placed under a situation where water is supplied.
[0042]
Therefore, since the vegetation base 3 forms a favorable growth environment for the vegetation, the plant seeds contained in the vegetation base 16 germinate and grow well on the vegetation base 3, and eventually the entire revetment wall 2 is completely covered. Because it is greened by vegetation, the continuity between the water surface and the land is ensured by the greening landscape of the revetment wall 2, so that environmental conservation such as landscape and hydrophilicity can be improved. .
[0043]
In the above embodiment, the steel sheet pile 1 is driven almost vertically with respect to the ground so as to be preferable in terms of workability, but the vegetation is more likely to grow on the inclined surface than on the vertical surface. In addition, the inclined surface is sufficient for taking in rainwater, and it is desirable to place the steel sheet pile 1 in an inclined posture from the permanent growth surface of the vegetation.
[0044]
From this, as shown in FIG. 8, the steel sheet piles 1 are connected to each other, and are placed on the ground so that the upper side of the steel sheet piles 1 is inclined to the land side. While mounting the fibrous member 5 having water retention in the concave portion 1a, a bag shape that enables germination and growth of plant seeds so as to cover the surface portion of the fibrous member 5 and the steel sheet pile 1 on the water contact side. The mat 6 may be mounted, and the bag-like mat 6 may be filled with a vegetation base 16 containing plant seeds.
[0045]
At this time, as described, a vegetation base formed by pre-filling a vegetation base material in a bag-like mat may be mounted so as to cover the surface portion on the water contact side between the fibrous member and the steel sheet pile. Needless to say.
[0046]
Although the inclination angle of the steel sheet pile 1 is not limited, the steel sheet pile 1 is inclined with a gradient of 2 minutes (1: 0.2, 78.7 degrees with respect to the ground surface) or more. In consideration of the growth of the plant and the function of the steel sheet pile 1, it is preferable to use a 3-minute gradient (1: 0.3 gradient and 73.3 degrees with respect to the ground surface). Is a slope of 5 minutes (a slope of 1: 0.5 and 63.4 degrees with respect to the ground surface).
[0047]
Here, as shown in FIG. 9, it is desirable to form a large number of openings e in at least the surface portion of the steel sheet pile 1 above the bottom surface of the water. Since the water level of the back portion is high, there is an advantage that it is possible to supply moisture and nutrients to the vegetation base through the opening e.
[0048]
Furthermore, since oxygen and moisture can be transported between the river and the land through the opening e, a space where various animals and plants such as microorganisms can easily grow is created. In addition, since the root of the plant grown on the vegetation base passes through the opening e and settles on the back soil of the revetment wall, there is an advantage that long-term and stable growth of the plant is possible.
[0049]
Thus, even if the opening e is formed in the steel sheet pile 1, the function of the revetment structure by the steel sheet pile 1 is not impaired. That is, the revetment wall 2 by the steel sheet pile 1 exerts the function as a revetment by placing the steel sheet pile 1 on the ground in a state where the connecting portions d and d are connected to each other and the lateral resistance of the underground penetration portion. It is a structure of letting
[0050]
Therefore, even if some openings e are formed at the top of the steel sheet pile 1 (the bottom surface of the recess 1a), the vicinity of the top protruding from the ground compared to the generated sectional force near the center of the steel sheet pile 1 and the ground surface. Since the generated cross-sectional force is reduced, the function of the revetment structure is not impaired.
[0051]
Moreover, when the opening e is formed in the steel sheet pile 1, there is a concern that the soil on the back surface of the revetment wall is sucked out through the opening e. However, the fibrous member 5 and the vegetation are formed on the surface of the revetment wall on the water contact side. Since the base 3 is provided, the sucking out of the soil through the opening e is surely prevented.
[0052]
In this embodiment, the diameter of the opening e is about 20 mm, and is provided at regular intervals of about 64 pieces / m 2. However, this is an example, and the opening area is the projected area of the steel sheet pile 1. It is desirable that the opening e is formed before the steel sheet pile 1 is placed on the ground, but the steel sheet pile 1 is placed on the ground. Then, the opening e may be formed in the steel sheet pile 1 or, in the middle of the placing work of the steel sheet pile 1, the placing work is interrupted, and the opening e is formed in the steel during the work interruption. It may be formed on the sheet pile 1.
[0053]
In addition, as the fibrous member 5, for those fibers, a material obtained by fiberizing a recycled material of a synthetic resin product such as a plastic bottle is used. For a granular plastic foam, for example, urethane such as a cushioning material for packing Since the waste material of the system foam is used, the fibrous member 5 can be obtained at a low cost and has an advantage of helping to prevent pollution, but is limited to such a molding material. It is not a thing.
[0054]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the introduction of vegetation to the entire revetment wall using steel sheet piles is easily implemented, and the continuity between the water surface and the land is ensured by the greening of the revetment wall. Therefore, according to the present invention, a revetment wall in consideration of environmental conservation such as landscape and hydrophilicity is provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a state in which a river part is vertically cut including a land part, a revetment wall, a fibrous member, and a vegetation base.
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing a procedure for attaching a fibrous member and a bag-like mat to a revetment wall.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a filling state of a vegetation base material in a bag-like mat.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the fibrous member and the bag-like mat are attached to the revetment wall.
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a fibrous member according to another embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a part of a bag-like mat.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a fibrous member and a bag-like mat are attached to a revetment wall using an Ω-type steel sheet pile.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a river part according to another embodiment in which the steel sheet pile is inclined.
FIG. 9 is a front view of a steel sheet pile according to another embodiment in which an opening is formed.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Steel sheet pile, 1a ... Recessed part, 3 ... Vegetation base, 5 ... Fibrous member, 6 ... Bag-shaped mat, 16 ... Vegetation base material, e ... Opening.

Claims (5)

鋼矢板を互いに連結する状態で地盤に打設してなる河川等の護岸壁であって、地盤に打設された鋼矢板の接水側の凹部に、保水性を有する繊維性部材を装着する一方、この繊維性部材と鋼矢板との接水側の面部を覆うように、植物種子の発芽・生育を可能とした袋状のマットを装着し、かつ、この袋状マットに、植物種子を含む植生基材を充填してなることを特徴とする河川等の護岸壁。A revetment wall of a river or the like formed by placing steel sheet piles on the ground in a state where the steel sheet piles are connected to each other, and a water-retaining fibrous member is attached to the recessed portion on the water contact side of the steel sheet pile placed on the ground. On the other hand, a bag-like mat that enables germination and growth of plant seeds is mounted so as to cover the surface of the fibrous member and the steel sheet pile on the water contact side, and plant seeds are attached to the bag-like mat. Revetment walls such as rivers characterized by being filled with a vegetation base material. 鋼矢板を互いに連結する状態で地盤に打設してなる河川等の護岸壁であって、地盤に打設された鋼矢板の接水側の凹部に、保水性を有する繊維性部材を装着する一方、植物種子の発芽・生育を可能とした袋状マットに植物種子を含む植生基材を充填してなる植生基盤を、繊維性部材と鋼矢板との接水側の面部を覆うように装着してなることを特徴とする河川等の護岸壁。A revetment wall of a river or the like formed by placing steel sheet piles on the ground in a state where the steel sheet piles are connected to each other, and a water-retaining fibrous member is attached to the recessed portion on the water contact side of the steel sheet pile placed on the ground. On the other hand, a vegetation base formed by filling a vegetation base material containing plant seeds into a bag-like mat that enables germination and growth of plant seeds is installed so as to cover the surface of the wetted side between the fibrous member and the steel sheet pile. Revetment walls such as rivers characterized by being. 鋼矢板をほゞ鉛直姿勢または上部側ほど陸部側に傾斜する姿勢に打設して成ることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載された河川等の護岸壁。3. A revetment wall for rivers or the like according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the steel sheet pile is placed in a vertical posture or a posture in which the upper side is inclined toward the land side. 繊維性部材が、粒状のプラスチック発泡体と繊維との混合物の加圧成形品であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載された河川等の護岸壁。The revetment wall such as a river according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fibrous member is a pressure-molded product of a mixture of a granular plastic foam and fiber. 鋼矢板の少なくとも水底面よりも上方の面部に、多数の開口を形成して成ることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載された河川等の護岸壁。The revetment wall for rivers and the like according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a plurality of openings are formed in a surface portion at least above the water bottom surface of the steel sheet pile.
JP2001280316A 2001-09-14 2001-09-14 Revetment walls such as rivers Expired - Fee Related JP4404505B2 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101497402B1 (en) * 2013-10-24 2015-03-02 한국건설기술연구원 Roll type-pavement mat for temporary paving for poor subsoil
CN111778926A (en) * 2020-07-14 2020-10-16 中国水利水电科学研究院 Anti-scouring falling zone repairing system and repairing method

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4646473B2 (en) * 2001-09-29 2011-03-09 日本植生株式会社 Steel sheet pile hydrophilic revetment structure
JP4981551B2 (en) * 2007-07-02 2012-07-25 株式会社技研製作所 Wall structure and construction method thereof

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101497402B1 (en) * 2013-10-24 2015-03-02 한국건설기술연구원 Roll type-pavement mat for temporary paving for poor subsoil
CN111778926A (en) * 2020-07-14 2020-10-16 中国水利水电科学研究院 Anti-scouring falling zone repairing system and repairing method

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