JP4402584B2 - Detector tube, composite detector tube, and DME detection method - Google Patents

Detector tube, composite detector tube, and DME detection method Download PDF

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JP4402584B2
JP4402584B2 JP2004379123A JP2004379123A JP4402584B2 JP 4402584 B2 JP4402584 B2 JP 4402584B2 JP 2004379123 A JP2004379123 A JP 2004379123A JP 2004379123 A JP2004379123 A JP 2004379123A JP 4402584 B2 JP4402584 B2 JP 4402584B2
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detection
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dme
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agent
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JP2006184157A (en
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弘明 本間
賢治 池田
正博 山中
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High Pressure Gas Safety Institute of Japan
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本発明は化学物質を検知する検知管及びその化学物質の検知方法の技術分野に関する。   The present invention relates to a technical field of a detection tube for detecting a chemical substance and a method for detecting the chemical substance.

近年、LP(Liquefied Petroleum)ガスや軽油の代替燃料としてDME(ジメチルエーテル)が注目されている。
DMEは毒性が低いだけではなく、その製造や流通にLPガスの設備をそのまま利用できるため、新たな設備投資が不要という利点もある。
In recent years, DME (dimethyl ether) has attracted attention as an alternative fuel for LP (Liquid Petroleum) gas and light oil.
DME is not only low in toxicity, but also has the advantage that no new capital investment is required because the LP gas equipment can be used as it is for production and distribution.

しかしながら、DMEを製造した後の設備でLPガスを製造すると、設備に残留したDMEがLPガスに混入する恐れがあるので、LPガスを製造するときにはDMEが混入しているかどうかを調べる必要がある。   However, if LP gas is manufactured in equipment after manufacturing DME, DME remaining in the equipment may be mixed into LP gas. Therefore, it is necessary to check whether DME is mixed when manufacturing LP gas. .

DMEが混入しているかどうかを簡単に調べる方法として、酸化クロムや重クロム酸カリウムからなる検知剤が測定管に充填された検知管を用いる方法がある。
酸化クロムや重クロム酸カリウムにDMEが接触すると、クロムが還元されて検知剤の色が変わるので、検知管の一端から試料ガスを吸い込み、検知管に充填された検知剤が変色するかどうかで、その試料ガスにDMEが混入しているかどうかを容易に判断することができる。
As a method for easily examining whether or not DME is mixed, there is a method using a detection tube in which a detection agent made of chromium oxide or potassium dichromate is filled in a measurement tube.
When DME comes into contact with chromium oxide or potassium dichromate, chromium is reduced and the color of the detection agent changes, so the sample gas is sucked from one end of the detection tube, and whether or not the detection agent filled in the detection tube changes color. It is possible to easily determine whether or not DME is mixed in the sample gas.

しかしながら、酸化クロムや重クロム酸カリウムは酸化力が強く、DME以外の低級炭化水素(例えばプロパンやブタン)にも反応し、変色するので、DMEだけを選択的に検知することはできない上に、水の存在下では酸化還元反応が鈍く、従来の検知剤を用いてDMEだけを選択的に精度良く検知するのは困難であった。   However, chromium oxide and potassium dichromate have strong oxidizing power and react with lower hydrocarbons other than DME (for example, propane and butane) and change color, so that only DME cannot be selectively detected. In the presence of water, the oxidation-reduction reaction is slow, and it is difficult to selectively detect only DME with high accuracy using a conventional detection agent.

また、LPガスとDMEを混合して用いる場合に、DMEの含有量を測定する必要があるが、従来の検知管ではDMEを定量的に検知することは困難であった。
特開平11−23559号公報
In addition, when LP gas and DME are mixed and used, it is necessary to measure the content of DME, but it has been difficult to quantitatively detect DME with a conventional detector tube.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-23559

本発明は上記従来技術の不都合を解決するために創作されたものであり、特定の化学物質を迅速かつ精度良く検知する検知手段を提供するものである。   The present invention was created to solve the above-described disadvantages of the prior art, and provides a detection means for detecting a specific chemical substance quickly and accurately.

上記課題を解決するために請求項1記載の発明は、測定対象ガス中の検知物質であるジメチルエーテル(DME)を吸着する粒子状の担体と、当該担体の表面に付着し当該担体表面を酸性化する過塩素酸塩と、当該担体の表面に付着し所定pH値の変色点で変色する指示薬と、からなる検知剤が、測定管内に配置され、前記担体は、比表面積が300m 2 /g以上、1000m 2 /g以下のシリカゲルであり、前記指示薬には、変色点が検知剤表面のpH値よりも高いものが用いられ、前記測定対象ガスが検知剤中を通過すると、検知物質(DME)が担体に吸着されるとともに、過塩素酸塩が当該検知物質(DME)と選択的に反応して複塩を生成し担体表面のpH値を上昇させ、指示薬が変色点を越えて変色するように構成された検知管である。
請求項2に記載の発明は、請求項1に記載の検知管であって、前記指示薬はクリスタルバイオレットである検知管である。
請求項3に記載の発明は、請求項1に記載の検知管であって、前記過塩素酸塩は、過塩素酸マグネシウムである検知管である。
請求項4に記載の発明は、請求項1乃至請求項3に記載の検知管であって、前記測定管は少なくとも一部が透明であり、前記検知剤が外部から観察できる検知管である。
請求項5に記載の発明は、請求項に記載の検知管であって、前記測定管はガラス管であり、両端が密封された検知管である。
請求項6に記載の発明は、請求項1乃至請求項のいずれか1項記載の検知管であって、前記測定管側面の前記検知剤上の位置には、目盛りが設けられ、前記検知剤の色の境界の目盛りに対する位置によって前記測定対象ガス中の検出物質の濃度が分かるように構成された検知管である。
請求項7に記載の発明は、請求項1乃至請求項のいずれか1項記載の検知管であって、前記測定管内の前記検知剤とは異なる位置に水分吸収剤が配置された検知管である。
請求項8に記載の発明は、管内に水分吸収剤が配置された分離管と、請求項1乃至請求項のいずれか1項記載の検知管とが接続管によって接続された複合検知管である。
請求項9に記載の発明は、請求項1乃至請求項の検知管、又は請求項8に記載の複合検知管のいずれか一方又は両方を用い、低級炭化水素を含有する燃料ガスであるLPガス中のジメチルエーテルを検出するDME検知方法である。
The invention according to claim 1 in order to solve the above problems, the acidic and particulate carrier to adsorb detection substance is a dimethyl ether of a measurement object gas (DME), the support surface adhering to the surface of the carrier A detection agent comprising a perchlorate to be converted and an indicator that is attached to the surface of the carrier and changes color at a discoloration point of a predetermined pH value is disposed in the measuring tube, and the carrier has a specific surface area of 300 m 2 / g. As described above, silica gel of 1000 m 2 / g or less is used, and the indicator having a discoloration point higher than the pH value of the surface of the detection agent is used, and when the measurement target gas passes through the detection agent, the detection substance (DME ) Is adsorbed on the carrier, and the perchlorate selectively reacts with the detection substance (DME) to form a double salt, raising the pH value of the carrier surface, and the indicator discolors beyond the discoloration point. Detector tube configured as A.
According to a second aspect of the invention, a detector tube mounting serial to claim 1, wherein the indicator is a detector tube is crystal violet.
According to a third aspect of the invention, a detector tube mounting serial to claim 1, wherein the perchlorate is a detector tube is magnesium perchlorate.
A fourth aspect of the present invention is the detection tube according to any one of the first to third aspects , wherein the measurement tube is at least partially transparent and the detection agent can be observed from the outside.
The invention described in claim 5 is the detection tube according to claim 4 , wherein the measurement tube is a glass tube and both ends are sealed.
The invention according to claim 6 is the detection tube according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein a scale is provided at a position on the detection agent on the side surface of the measurement tube, The detection tube is configured such that the concentration of the detection substance in the measurement target gas can be determined by the position relative to the scale of the color boundary of the detection agent.
A seventh aspect of the present invention is the detection tube according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the moisture absorbent is arranged at a position different from the detection agent in the measurement tube. It is a tube.
The invention according to claim 8 is a composite detection tube in which a separation tube in which a moisture absorbent is disposed in the tube and a detection tube according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are connected by a connection tube. It is.
The invention according to claim 9 is an LP which is a fuel gas containing lower hydrocarbons, using either one or both of the detector tube of claims 1 to 7 or the composite detector tube of claim 8. This is a DME detection method for detecting dimethyl ether in a gas.

本発明は上記のように構成されており、測定対象ガスが検知剤中を通過するときに、測定対象ガスに含有される検出物質が検知剤表面のpH値を変色点を越えて上昇させ、検知剤を第一の色から第二の色の変色させる。
検知剤は粒子状、繊維状、その他、測定対象ガスが通過できればよく、測定対象ガスとの接触面積が大きいことが望ましい。
The present invention is configured as described above, and when the measurement target gas passes through the detection agent, the detection substance contained in the measurement target gas increases the pH value of the detection agent surface beyond the discoloration point, The detection agent is changed from the first color to the second color.
The detection agent may be particulate, fibrous, or the like, as long as the measurement target gas can pass therethrough, and it is desirable that the contact area with the measurement target gas is large.

担体がジメチルエーテルを吸着する物質にすれば、測定対象ガスが流れ続ける場合、第一の色と第二の色の境界は、上流側から下流側に移動する。所定量の測定対象ガスを流したときの境界位置によって、測定対象ガスに含まれる検知物質の濃度が分かる。   If the carrier is a substance that adsorbs dimethyl ether, when the gas to be measured continues to flow, the boundary between the first color and the second color moves from the upstream side to the downstream side. The concentration of the detection substance contained in the measurement target gas can be determined from the boundary position when a predetermined amount of the measurement target gas flows.

本発明の検知管は検知物質を簡易に検知可能なだけではなく、第一の色と第二の色の境界位置によって、検知物質の濃度を測定することができる。測定対象ガスに水分やアルコールなどが混入していたとしても、検知物質が検知剤と反応する前に水分吸収剤で除去されるので、検知物質の測定精度が高い。   The detection tube of the present invention can not only detect the detection substance easily, but also can measure the concentration of the detection substance based on the boundary position between the first color and the second color. Even if moisture, alcohol, or the like is mixed in the measurement target gas, the detection substance is removed by the moisture absorbent before reacting with the detection agent, so that the measurement accuracy of the detection substance is high.

本発明に用いる酸化性剤は、担体表面を酸性化する物質であって、プロパンやブタン等の低級炭化水素とは反応せずにDMEと選択的に反応してアルカリ側に傾く物質が好ましく、過塩素酸(HClO4)の塩等の過ハロゲン酸塩、特に、過塩素酸マグネシウムを用いることができる。 The oxidizing agent used in the present invention is a substance that acidifies the surface of the support, and is preferably a substance that selectively reacts with DME and does not react with lower hydrocarbons such as propane and butane and tilts toward the alkali side. Perhalogenates such as perchloric acid (HClO 4 ) salts, in particular magnesium perchlorate, can be used.

指示薬としては、過塩素酸塩、特に過塩素酸マグネシウムの色と比較して色調が鮮明であり、変色点がpH0.5以上1.5以下の範囲にあるものを選定する必要がある。この特性を有する指示薬としては、例えばメチルバイオレット系指示薬がある。   As the indicator, it is necessary to select an indicator having a clear color tone as compared with the color of perchlorate, particularly magnesium perchlorate, and having a color change point in the range of pH 0.5 to 1.5. An example of an indicator having this characteristic is a methyl violet indicator.

メチルバイオレット系指示薬は、パラローザリニンのN位が多メチル置換されたものである。具体的には、一般にメチルバイオレットと呼ばれるものであって、5メチル置換体が主成分で、ほかに4および6置換体がまじるもの((株)東京化学同人、「化学大辞典」第1版第3刷、2279頁「メチルバイオレット」の欄より抜粋)や、クリスタルバイオレットと呼ばれるパラローザリニンの6メチル置換体などがあるが、これらの中でも本発明にはクリスタルバイオレットが特に適している。また、メチルバイオレット系指示薬以外にも、変色域が適合すれば用いることができる。   Methyl violet indicators are those in which the N-position of pararosalinin is multimethyl substituted. Specifically, it is generally called methyl violet, which is mainly composed of 5 methyl substituents and other 4 and 6 substituents (Tokyo Chemical Dojin Co., Ltd., “Chemical Dictionary” 1st edition) 3rd printing, page 2279, “Methyl violet” column) and 6-methyl substituted pararosarinin called crystal violet, among which crystal violet is particularly suitable for the present invention. In addition to methyl violet indicators, they can be used as long as the color change range is compatible.

酸性化剤や指示薬を担持する担体には、シリカゲルの他、珪藻土やアルミナ等が使用できる。DMEの吸着能を考慮すると、シリカゲルは比表面積は300m2/g以上1000m2/g以下のものを用いることが好ましく、具体的には「JIS Z 0701」で規定されたA形又はB形に属するシリカゲルを用いることが好ましい。 In addition to silica gel, diatomaceous earth, alumina, or the like can be used as a carrier supporting an acidifying agent or an indicator. In consideration of the adsorption ability of DME, it is preferable to use silica gel having a specific surface area of 300 m 2 / g or more and 1000 m 2 / g or less, specifically, in the A form or B form defined in “JIS Z 0701”. It is preferable to use the silica gel to which it belongs.

シリカゲルは一般に水ガラス及び硫酸で製造される。シリカゲルにはアルカリ金属を主成分とする水ガラスの不純物が残留し、これらの金属は担時される試薬(過塩素酸塩やpH指示薬)に悪影響を及ぼす可能性がある。従って、不純物を除去するために、シリカゲルを担体として使用する前に塩酸又は硝酸等の酸で処理することが好ましい。   Silica gel is generally made of water glass and sulfuric acid. Silica gel contains water glass impurities mainly composed of alkali metals, and these metals may adversely affect the reagents (perchlorate and pH indicator). Therefore, in order to remove impurities, it is preferable to treat with an acid such as hydrochloric acid or nitric acid before using silica gel as a carrier.

また、検知剤と一緒に用いる水分吸収剤には、検知物質であるDMEや、検知物質が含まれる測定対象ガスに化学反応せず、またそれらの物質を吸着もしない性質が必要であり、これらの性質を有するものであれば特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、合成ゼオライトを用いることができる。合成ゼオライトはDMEのように沸点の低い(−25℃)の物質は吸着しにくく、水やアルコールのように沸点が高い(0℃以上)のものを選択的に吸着するので、本発明に特に適している。   In addition, the moisture absorbent used together with the detection agent must have the property that it does not chemically react with the DME that is the detection substance or the measurement target gas that contains the detection substance, nor does it adsorb these substances. As long as it has the following properties, it is not particularly limited, and for example, synthetic zeolite can be used. Synthetic zeolite is difficult to adsorb substances having a low boiling point (−25 ° C.) such as DME, and selectively adsorbs substances having a high boiling point (0 ° C. or more) such as water and alcohol. Is suitable.

合成ゼオライトは、一般にモレキュラーシーブと称されるアルカリ又はアルカリ土類金属のアルミノ珪酸塩であり、細孔直径が0.3nm以上1.5nm以下であるモレキュラーシーブ3A、4A、5A、13X等が主流でありいずれのモレキュラーシーブも本発明に使用できる。   Synthetic zeolite is an aluminosilicate of alkali or alkaline earth metal generally referred to as molecular sieve, and molecular sieves 3A, 4A, 5A, 13X, etc. having a pore diameter of 0.3 nm to 1.5 nm are mainly used. Any molecular sieve can be used in the present invention.

これらの中でも、モレキュラーシーブ3A(細孔直径:0.3nm)以上の細孔直径を有し、かつ、モレキュラーシーブ5A(細孔直径:0.5nm)以下の細孔直径を有するものが好ましい。   Among these, those having a pore diameter of molecular sieve 3A (pore diameter: 0.3 nm) or more and a pore diameter of molecular sieve 5A (pore diameter: 0.5 nm) or less are preferable.

本発明は、低級炭化水素を含有する燃料ガス、具体的にはプロパンやブタンを含有するLPガス、メタンを主成分とする都市ガスを測定対象ガスとして用い、それらのガスに含有されるDMEを検知することができる。   The present invention uses fuel gas containing lower hydrocarbons, specifically LP gas containing propane or butane, city gas mainly composed of methane as a measurement target gas, and DME contained in those gases. Can be detected.

LPガスや都市ガスには主成分の低級炭化水素の他に、微量成分として水分、イオウ系着臭剤、メタノール等が含有されているが、上述した合成ゼオライトはDMEとは反応も吸着もしないが、これらの微量成分を吸着するので、合成ゼオライトを水分吸収剤として用いれば、微量成分が検知剤に到達せず、検知剤でのDME検知がより正確に行われる。   LP gas and city gas contain moisture, sulfur-based odorant, methanol, etc. as minor components in addition to the main components of lower hydrocarbons, but the synthetic zeolite described above does not react or adsorb with DME. However, since these trace components are adsorbed, if the synthetic zeolite is used as a moisture absorbent, the trace components do not reach the detection agent, and DME detection with the detection agent is performed more accurately.

本発明の検知管は、検出目的物質が検知剤を変色させるものであればDME以外の物質にも応用可能であり、またその検出目的物質が含まれる測定対象ガスも上述した燃料ガスに限定されるものではない。
以下に、検知剤の製造方法と、その検知剤を用いた本発明の検知管について詳細に説明する。
The detection tube of the present invention can be applied to substances other than DME as long as the detection target substance discolors the detection agent, and the measurement target gas containing the detection target substance is also limited to the above-described fuel gas. It is not something.
Below, the manufacturing method of a detection agent and the detection tube of this invention using the detection agent are demonstrated in detail.

<製造方法>
粒径が60メッシュ以上100メッシュ以下、比表面積が450m2/gのシリカゲルからなる担体100gをフラスコに入れ、15重量%過塩素酸マグネシウムエタノール溶液30mlと、pH指示薬である0.1重量%クリスタルバイオレット10mlとを混合した混合液を、担体が入ったフラスコに数回に分けて添加し、フラスコ内部を真空引きしながら沸騰湯浴上で検知剤の色が黄色くなるまで真空乾燥した。乾燥後、フラスコ内を窒素で置換し、フラスコ内部の担体を充分に撹拌して検知剤を製造した。
得られた検知剤は黄色であり、その検知剤にDMEに接触させたところ、緑色に変色した。
<Manufacturing method>
100 g of a carrier made of silica gel having a particle size of 60 mesh or more and 100 mesh or less and a specific surface area of 450 m 2 / g is put in a flask, 30 ml of 15 wt% magnesium perchlorate ethanol solution and 0.1 wt% crystal as a pH indicator. The liquid mixture obtained by mixing 10 ml of violet was added in several times to the flask containing the carrier, and vacuum-dried until the color of the detection agent became yellow on a boiling water bath while evacuating the inside of the flask. After drying, the inside of the flask was replaced with nitrogen, and the carrier inside the flask was sufficiently stirred to produce a detection agent.
The obtained detection agent was yellow, and when the detection agent was brought into contact with DME, the color was changed to green.

<第一の実施例>
図1の符号Aは、本発明の一例の検知管を示している。
<First embodiment>
Reference symbol A in FIG. 1 shows a detector tube according to an example of the present invention.

この検知管Aは、ガラス製で透明な測定管7を有している。この測定管7は、細長であり、両端が溶封されている。両端のうち、一方が入口側30、他方が出口側31であって、先ず、入口側30だけを溶封した状態で、溶封前の出口側31から、入口側栓1と、第一の保護材2と、分離剤(水分吸収剤)3と、第二の保護材4と、検知剤5と、出口側栓6とがこの順序で充填され、出口側31が溶封されて測定管7の内部雰囲気が大気から遮断されている。   The detection tube A has a transparent measurement tube 7 made of glass. The measuring tube 7 is elongated and sealed at both ends. Of the two ends, one is the inlet side 30 and the other is the outlet side 31. First, in the state where only the inlet side 30 is sealed, from the outlet side 31 before sealing, the inlet side plug 1 and the first side The protective material 2, the separating agent (moisture absorbent) 3, the second protective material 4, the detection agent 5, and the outlet side plug 6 are filled in this order, and the outlet side 31 is sealed and the measuring tube is filled. 7 is shielded from the atmosphere.

この検知管Aを使用する際、入口側30の先端部分と出口側31の先端部分両方を切断し、入口側を測定対象の雰囲に接続し、出口側を吸気装置に装填する。
入口側栓1と出口側栓6は両方とも綿製であり、測定管7の内部の検知剤5等が切断箇所からこぼれ落ちないようになっている。
第一、第二の保護材2、4は珪砂であり、分離剤3は、巴工業製モレキュラーシーブ3A(60〜100メッシュ)を用いた。
When this detection tube A is used, both the distal end portion on the inlet side 30 and the distal end portion on the outlet side 31 are cut, the inlet side is connected to the atmosphere to be measured, and the outlet side is loaded into the intake device.
Both the inlet-side plug 1 and the outlet-side plug 6 are made of cotton so that the detection agent 5 and the like inside the measuring tube 7 do not spill from the cut portion.
The first and second protective materials 2 and 4 are silica sand, and the separating agent 3 is a molecular sieve 3A (60 to 100 mesh) manufactured by Sakai Kogyo.

検知剤5は、粒子状の担体と、その担体表面に付着された過塩素酸塩と指示薬とで構成されている。過塩素酸塩は、担体表面に付着した状態で、担体表面のpHを酸性にする物質であり、指示薬は、所定のpH値を変色点とし、変色点以下のpHで第一の色であり、変色点のpHを超えると第二の色に変色する物質である。
そして、指示薬は、過塩素酸塩によって酸性にされた担体表面に付着した状態では第一の色である物質である。
The detection agent 5 includes a particulate carrier, a perchlorate attached to the carrier surface, and an indicator. Perchlorate is a substance that makes the pH of the carrier surface acidic while adhering to the carrier surface, and the indicator is the first color at a pH below the color change point with a predetermined pH value as the color change point. A substance that changes to the second color when the pH of the color change point is exceeded.
And an indicator is a substance which is the 1st color in the state adhering to the support | carrier surface acidified with the perchlorate.

この検知剤5は担体表面が過塩素酸塩によって酸性にされており、その状態の検知剤5がDMEに触れると担体表面のpHが増大(酸性側からアルカリ側へ向かって変化)することが本発明の発明者等によって解明された。   In this detection agent 5, the carrier surface is acidified with perchlorate, and when the detection agent 5 in that state touches DME, the pH of the carrier surface increases (changes from the acid side to the alkali side). This has been elucidated by the inventors of the present invention.

担体表面のpH値が増大するのは、測定対象ガスが担体表面に吸着するためではなく、検知剤5が測定対象ガスと反応してアルカリ性の複塩を生成するためであり、測定対象ガスがDMEの場合に複塩を生成させるためには、用いる検知剤5には過塩素酸塩が適している。   The reason why the pH value of the carrier surface increases is not because the measurement target gas is adsorbed on the support surface, but because the detection agent 5 reacts with the measurement target gas to produce an alkaline double salt. In order to produce a double salt in the case of DME, perchlorate is suitable for the detection agent 5 used.

本発明に用いられる指示薬の変色点は、DMEの吸着によって増大するpH値よりも小さいpH値であり、従って、DMEの吸着により、指示薬の色、即ち検知剤5の色は第一の色から第二の色に変色する。
ここでは、検知剤5は上記製造方法で製造したものであり、担体はシリカゲル、指示薬はクリスタルバイオレットである。
The color change point of the indicator used in the present invention is a pH value smaller than the pH value increased by the adsorption of DME. Therefore, the color of the indicator, that is, the color of the detection agent 5 is changed from the first color by the adsorption of DME. Change to the second color.
Here, the detection agent 5 is manufactured by the above manufacturing method, the carrier is silica gel, and the indicator is crystal violet.

上記検知管Aを用い、LPガスに5vol%のDMEを含有した測定対象ガスを測定した。   Using the detection tube A, a measurement target gas containing 5 vol% DME in LP gas was measured.

測定管7内の各部材のうち、入口側栓1と出口側栓6は繊維質であり、気体が通過する材料であり、第一、第二の保護材2、4と、分離剤3と、検知剤5は粒子であり、これも気体が通過する材料である。   Among the members in the measuring tube 7, the inlet side plug 1 and the outlet side plug 6 are fibers and are materials through which gas passes, and the first and second protective materials 2, 4, the separating agent 3, and the like. The detection agent 5 is a particle, which is also a material through which gas passes.

出口側31に接続した吸気装置により、測定管7内の気体を吸入すると入口側30から、測定対象ガスが測定管7内に導入され、測定管7内の部材を通って出口側31から吸気装置に吸引される。   When the gas in the measurement tube 7 is sucked by the intake device connected to the outlet side 31, the measurement target gas is introduced into the measurement tube 7 from the inlet side 30, and is sucked from the outlet side 31 through the members in the measurement tube 7. Sucked into the device.

上記検知剤5の表面のpHの値は小さく、酸性であるが、測定対象ガスに含まれるDMEは検知剤5の担体に吸着されると、担体表面のpHは酸性側から中性側にシフトする。   Although the pH value of the surface of the detection agent 5 is small and acidic, when DME contained in the measurement target gas is adsorbed on the support of the detection agent 5, the pH of the support surface shifts from the acidic side to the neutral side. To do.

このシフトにより、検知剤5表面のpHが検知剤5に吸着された指示薬の変色点を超えると検知剤5表面の色が変わる。従って、測定対象ガスにDMEが含まれているかどうか分かる。   Due to this shift, when the pH of the surface of the detection agent 5 exceeds the color change point of the indicator adsorbed on the detection agent 5, the color of the surface of the detection agent 5 changes. Therefore, it can be determined whether or not DME is included in the measurement target gas.

ここで用いた担体はシリカゲルであり、指示薬はクリスタルバイオレット、過塩素酸塩は過塩素酸マグネシウムである。過塩素酸マグネシウムが吸着された状態の担体のpHは1.0程度であり、色はpH値がゼロに近いときの色に似ている。   The carrier used here is silica gel, the indicator is crystal violet, and the perchlorate is magnesium perchlorate. The pH of the carrier with magnesium perchlorate adsorbed is about 1.0, and the color is similar to the color when the pH value is close to zero.

クリスタルバイオレット(C25H30ClN3、グリーンの粒子状物質であり。水やアルコールに可溶;水(25℃) 50 g/l 、アルコール 60 g/l 。融点137℃(分解)。Merck Index 11 , 4287。UV: λ max. ABS in C2H5OH 50% 583-587 nm)の変色点は、pH1程度であり、検知剤5表面のpHが、変色点を超えると黄色から緑色になり、pHが更に高くなると紫色に変わる。 Crystal Violet (C 25 H 30 ClN 3 , a green particulate material. Soluble in water and alcohol; water (25 ° C) 50 g / l, alcohol 60 g / l. Melting point 137 ° C (decomposition). Merck Index 11, 4287. UV: λ max. ABS in C 2 H 5 OH 50% 583-587 nm) The discoloration point is about pH 1, and when the pH of the surface of the detection agent 5 exceeds the discoloration point, the color changes from yellow to green. When the pH becomes higher, it turns purple.

担体がシリカゲルではなく、DMEを吸着しない物質であれば、検知剤5の入口側30の端部から出口側31の端部まで、一遍に変色する。   If the carrier is not silica gel and is a substance that does not adsorb DME, the color is uniformly changed from the end on the inlet side 30 to the end on the outlet side 31 of the detection agent 5.

それに対し、担体がシリカゲル等のDMEを吸着する物質であり、測定対象ガスに含まれるDMEが少量であれば、DMEは検知剤5の担体に吸着されるため、DMEは検知剤5の入口側30の部分に吸着され、出口側31に近い方には到達しない。従って、先ず、入口側30に近いところが第二の色に変色し、出口側31は第一の色のままであり、入口側30からDMEが供給され続けると、DMEが到達する位置は次第に出口側31に近づく。従って、検知剤5中に測定対象ガスを流し続けた場合、第一の色と第二の色の境界は、入口側30から出口側31に向かって移動する。   On the other hand, the carrier is a substance that adsorbs DME, such as silica gel, and if the amount of DME contained in the measurement target gas is small, DME is adsorbed on the carrier of the detection agent 5, so It is adsorbed by the portion 30 and does not reach the side closer to the outlet side 31. Therefore, first, the portion close to the inlet side 30 changes to the second color, the outlet side 31 remains the first color, and if DME is continuously supplied from the inlet side 30, the position where the DME reaches gradually becomes the outlet color. Approach side 31. Therefore, when the measurement target gas continues to flow in the detection agent 5, the boundary between the first color and the second color moves from the inlet side 30 toward the outlet side 31.

境界の位置は検知剤5中を流れた測定対象ガスに含まれるDMEの量によって決まる。DMEの量が多ければ境界は出口側31に近づく。
境界の位置はDMEの量に比例するため、所定量(例えば100ml)の測定対象ガスを流したときの境界の位置から、その所定量中のDMEの割合が分かる。
The position of the boundary is determined by the amount of DME contained in the measurement target gas that has flowed through the detection agent 5. If the amount of DME is large, the boundary approaches the exit side 31.
Since the position of the boundary is proportional to the amount of DME, the ratio of DME in the predetermined amount can be found from the position of the boundary when a predetermined amount (for example, 100 ml) of the measurement target gas is flowed.

図1の符号25は、透明間7の表面又は裏面に描かれた目盛りであり、100ml流したとき、目盛り1の位置が1体積%、10の位置が10体積%であり、境界の位置によって10体積%以下の範囲で含有率が分かる。この目盛り1は、標準試料を用いて予め体積%と目盛り1の位置の関係を調べておくことで、作成することができる。   Reference numeral 25 in FIG. 1 is a scale drawn on the front surface or the back surface of the transparent space 7, and when 100 ml is flowed, the position of the scale 1 is 1% by volume, the position of 10 is 10% by volume, and depending on the position of the boundary. The content is found in the range of 10% by volume or less. The scale 1 can be created by examining the relationship between the volume% and the position of the scale 1 in advance using a standard sample.

担体にシリカゲル、指示薬にクリスタルバイオレットを用いた上記検知管Aによると、同じDME濃度の測定対象ガスについて、FID−GC法(水素炎イオン化検出器付きガスクロマトグラフ法)によれば4.9vol%と計測されたのに対して、本発明の検知管Aでは5.1vol%と計測され、その差は測定誤差の範囲内であった。   According to the detector tube A using silica gel as a carrier and crystal violet as an indicator, the measurement gas having the same DME concentration is 4.9 vol% according to the FID-GC method (gas chromatograph method with a flame ionization detector). In contrast to the measurement, the detection tube A of the present invention measured 5.1 vol%, and the difference was within the measurement error range.

また5回の繰り返し精度については、FID−GCによれば相対標準偏差で4.3%と計測されるのに対して、本発明では4.5%と計測され、統計上の有意差はない。このように本発明の検知管Aは測定精度の点でも良好なものであることが分かった。   Also, for the repeatability of 5 times, according to FID-GC, the relative standard deviation is measured as 4.3%, whereas in the present invention, it is measured as 4.5%, and there is no statistically significant difference. . Thus, it has been found that the detector tube A of the present invention is also excellent in terms of measurement accuracy.

なお、第一の保護材2は分離剤3が第一の栓1に接触しないようにするためのものであり、第二の保護材4は、分離剤3と検知剤5とが接触しないようにするためのものであり、第一、第二の保護材2、4は、分離剤3や検知剤5と反応せず、且つDMEを吸着しない性質が求められる。   The first protective material 2 is for preventing the separating agent 3 from contacting the first stopper 1, and the second protective material 4 is for preventing the separating agent 3 and the detecting agent 5 from contacting each other. The first and second protective materials 2 and 4 are required to have properties that do not react with the separating agent 3 and the detecting agent 5 and do not adsorb DME.

検知剤3中を流れる気体に水分が含まれていた場合、その水分により、DMEが含有されていなくても指示薬が変色してしまうため、水分吸収材料である分離剤3が検知剤5の上流側に配置され、分離剤3を通過した気体だけが検知剤5内を流れるようになっている。   When the gas flowing through the detection agent 3 contains moisture, the indicator changes color even if DME is not contained by the moisture, so that the separation agent 3 that is a moisture absorbing material is upstream of the detection agent 5. Only the gas that is disposed on the side and passes through the separating agent 3 flows in the detecting agent 5.

<第二の実施例>
図2の符号Bは、本発明の第二例の検知管を示している。第一例の検知管Aと同じ材質の部材には同じ名称を付し、説明を省略する。
<Second Example>
Reference numeral B in FIG. 2 shows a detection tube of a second example of the present invention. The same name is given to the member of the same material as the detection tube A of the first example, and the description is omitted.

この検知管Bは、測定管20内に、第一の栓15と、第一の保護材16と、検知剤17と、第二の保護材18がこの順序で配置されている。入口側30と出口側31は溶封されている。符号26は目盛りである。   In the detection tube B, a first plug 15, a first protective material 16, a detection agent 17, and a second protective material 18 are arranged in this order in the measurement tube 20. The inlet side 30 and the outlet side 31 are sealed. Reference numeral 26 is a scale.

測定対象ガスに水分が含まれていない場合、上記第二例の検知管Bは単独で用いられ、測定管7の入口側30と出口側31の端部が切断され、測定対象ガスが検知管B内を流れると、検知剤17の色の境界からDMEの含有率が分かる。   When the measurement target gas does not contain moisture, the detection tube B of the second example is used alone, the ends of the inlet side 30 and the outlet side 31 of the measurement tube 7 are cut, and the measurement target gas is detected by the detection tube. When flowing in B, the DME content is known from the color boundary of the detection agent 17.

測定対象ガスに水分が含まれている場合、図3の符号Cに示した水分吸収用の分離管が一緒に用いられる。   When moisture is contained in the measurement target gas, the moisture absorption separation tube indicated by reference numeral C in FIG. 3 is used together.

この分離管Cは、透明又は不透明な本体管13内に第一の栓8と、第一の保護材9と、分離剤10と、第二の保護材11がこの順序で配置されて構成されている。入口側30と出口側31は溶封等によって封止されている。   The separation tube C is configured by arranging a first plug 8, a first protective material 9, a separating agent 10, and a second protective material 11 in this order in a transparent or opaque body tube 13. ing. The inlet side 30 and the outlet side 31 are sealed by welding or the like.

図4の符号14は接続管を示しており、ここでは接続管14はゴム管のように弾性を有するもので構成されている。   Reference numeral 14 in FIG. 4 indicates a connecting pipe. Here, the connecting pipe 14 is made of an elastic material such as a rubber pipe.

上記第二例の検知管Bと分離管Cの入口側30と出口側31を切断し、分離管Cの出口側の切断された端部を接続管14の一端部、検知管Bの入口側の切断された端部を接続管14の他端部に挿入すると、検知管Bの入口側30の外壁と分離管Cの出口側31の外壁は接続管14の内壁に密着するようになっており、検知管Bと分離管Cは、接続管14によって、検知管Bと分離管Cとの間の空間が外部雰囲気から遮断された状態で接続される。   Cut off the inlet side 30 and outlet side 31 of the detection tube B and separation tube C of the second example, the cut end of the separation tube C on the outlet side is one end of the connecting tube 14, and the inlet side of the detection tube B Is inserted into the other end of the connection tube 14, the outer wall on the inlet side 30 of the detection tube B and the outer wall on the outlet side 31 of the separation tube C come into close contact with the inner wall of the connection tube 14. The detection tube B and the separation tube C are connected by the connection tube 14 in a state where the space between the detection tube B and the separation tube C is blocked from the external atmosphere.

図4の符号Dは、第二例の検知管Bと分離管Cとが接続された複合検知管を示しており、複合検知管Dの第二例の検知管Bと分離管Cは、それぞれ入口側30と出口側31の端部が切断された状態になっている。   4 indicates a composite detection tube in which the detection tube B and the separation tube C of the second example are connected, and the detection tube B and the separation tube C of the second example of the composite detection tube D are respectively The ends of the inlet side 30 and the outlet side 31 are cut.

この複合検知管Dの分離管Cの入口側30を測定対象ガスの雰囲気に接続し、検知管Bの出口側31に吸気装置を接続すると、測定対象ガスは分離管Cの入口側30から吸引され、分離管Cを通過した後、外部に漏れる事無く接続管14を通って分離管Cから検知管Bに送られ、検知管Bとを通って吸気装置に吸引される。   When the inlet side 30 of the separation tube C of the composite detection tube D is connected to the atmosphere of the measurement target gas and an intake device is connected to the outlet side 31 of the detection tube B, the measurement target gas is sucked from the inlet side 30 of the separation tube C. Then, after passing through the separation tube C, it is sent from the separation tube C to the detection tube B through the connection tube 14 without leaking outside, and is sucked into the intake device through the detection tube B.

このとき、測定対象ガスに含まれる水分は分離管C内の分離剤10に吸着され、第一例の検知管Aと同様に、乾燥した状態の測定対象ガスが検知剤17内を流れる。そして、その測定対象ガス中のDMEの含有率は、色の境界の位置と目盛り26とを比較して分かる。   At this time, moisture contained in the measurement target gas is adsorbed by the separation agent 10 in the separation tube C, and the measurement target gas in a dry state flows through the detection agent 17 as in the detection tube A of the first example. And the content rate of DME in the measurement object gas is known by comparing the position of the color boundary and the scale 26.

なお、上記測定管7、20は透明なガラス製であったが、全体が透明でなくても、検知剤5の色の境界位置が見えればよい。また、ガラス製でなくても、両端を切断でき、検知剤5のDMEの吸着に影響を与えない材料であれば、例えばプラスチック管を用いることもできる。また、測定管は断面形状が円形のものに限定されず、断面形状が四角形や、幅に比べて厚みが薄い平らな形状のもの等種々のものを用いることができる。   Although the measurement tubes 7 and 20 are made of transparent glass, it is only necessary to see the color boundary position of the detection agent 5 even if the whole is not transparent. Moreover, even if it is not glass, both ends can be cut | disconnected and the plastic tube can also be used if it is a material which does not affect adsorption | suction of the DME of the detection agent 5, for example. Further, the measuring tube is not limited to a circular cross-sectional shape, and various types such as a rectangular cross-sectional shape and a flat shape whose thickness is thinner than the width can be used.

<DME濃度と変色長さ>
LPガスにDMEガスがそれぞれ異なる濃度で含有された測定対象ガスを、上述した第一の実施例の検知管Aに100ml流し、検知剤5が変色した境界位置の、検知剤5の入口側30端部からの長さを求めた。その測定結果を図5に示す。
<DME density and discoloration length>
100 ml of measurement object gas containing DME gas at different concentrations in LP gas flows into the detection tube A of the first embodiment described above, and the inlet side 30 of the detection agent 5 at the boundary position where the detection agent 5 is discolored. The length from the end was determined. The measurement results are shown in FIG.

図5の横軸(x軸)は測定対象ガス中のDMEガス濃度(vol%)を示し、縦軸(y軸)は変色長さを示しており、図5から明らかなように変色長さは、演算式y=5.4729xで示されるように、DME濃度と比例の関係にあることがわかる。従って、本発明の検知管は、変色長さを測ることで容易にDME濃度を定量することができる。   The horizontal axis (x-axis) in FIG. 5 indicates the DME gas concentration (vol%) in the measurement target gas, and the vertical axis (y-axis) indicates the color change length. As is apparent from FIG. Is proportional to the DME concentration, as shown by the equation y = 5.4729x. Therefore, the detector tube of the present invention can easily determine the DME concentration by measuring the discoloration length.

<温度の影響>
LPガスにDMEガスがそれぞれ1.5vol%、6vol%含有された測定対象ガスを、異なる温度条件で第一の実施例の検知管Aに100ml流し、各温度条件での変色長さを測定した。その測定結果を図6、図7に示す。
<Influence of temperature>
100 mL of measurement target gas containing 1.5 vol% and 6 vol% of DME gas in LP gas was allowed to flow through the detection tube A of the first example under different temperature conditions, and the discoloration length under each temperature condition was measured. . The measurement results are shown in FIGS.

図6、7の横軸は測定時の検知管A周囲の温度を示し、図6の縦軸は変色長さを示しており、図7の縦軸は検知管に付けた目盛の読取値を示している。   6 and 7, the horizontal axis indicates the temperature around the detection tube A at the time of measurement, the vertical axis in FIG. 6 indicates the discoloration length, and the vertical axis in FIG. 7 indicates the reading of the scale attached to the detection tube. Show.

図6、7から明らかなように、温度の上昇に伴い変色長さや読取値も増大するが、予め各ガス濃度における温度変化と変色長さ(又は読取値)との関係を調べておき、検知管周囲の温度や、測定対象ガスの温度等の温度条件に基づいて、変色長さや読取値を補正すれば、DME濃度を正確に測定することができる。   As apparent from FIGS. 6 and 7, the color change length and the read value increase as the temperature rises. However, the relationship between the temperature change at each gas concentration and the color change length (or read value) is examined in advance and detected. The DME concentration can be accurately measured by correcting the discoloration length and the read value based on the temperature conditions such as the temperature around the tube and the temperature of the measurement target gas.

本発明の第一例の検知管を説明する断面図Sectional drawing explaining the detection tube of the 1st example of this invention 本発明の第二例の検知管を説明する断面図Sectional drawing explaining the detection tube of the 2nd example of this invention 水分吸収用の分離管を説明する断面図Cross-sectional view explaining a separation tube for moisture absorption 本発明の複合検知管を説明する断面図Sectional drawing explaining the compound detector tube of this invention DME濃度と変色長さとの関係を示すグラフGraph showing the relationship between DME density and discoloration length 温度条件と変色長さとの関係を示すグラフGraph showing the relationship between temperature conditions and discoloration length 温度条件と読取値との関係を示すグラフGraph showing the relationship between temperature conditions and readings

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1、6、8、15……栓 2、4、9……保護材 3、10……分離剤(水分吸収剤) 5……検知剤 7……測定管 14……接続管 A、B……検知管 C……分離管 D……複合検知管   1, 6, 8, 15 ... Plug 2, 4, 9 ... Protective material 3, 10 ... Separating agent (moisture absorbent) 5 ... Detection agent 7 ... Measuring tube 14 ... Connecting tube A, B ... … Detection tube C …… Separation tube D …… Composite detection tube

Claims (9)

測定対象ガス中の検知物質であるジメチルエーテル(DME)を吸着する粒子状の担体と、当該担体の表面に付着し当該担体表面を酸性化する過塩素酸塩と、当該担体の表面に付着し所定pH値の変色点で変色する指示薬と、からなる検知剤が、測定管内に配置され、
前記担体は、比表面積が300m 2 /g以上、1000m 2 /g以下のシリカゲルであり、
前記指示薬には、変色点が検知剤表面のpH値よりも高いものが用いられ、
前記測定対象ガスが検知剤中を通過すると、検知物質(DME)が担体に吸着されるとともに、過塩素酸塩が当該検知物質(DME)と選択的に反応して複塩を生成し担体表面のpH値を上昇させ、指示薬が変色点を越えて変色するように構成された検知管。
A particulate carrier that adsorbs dimethyl ether (DME), which is a detection substance in the measurement target gas, a perchlorate that adheres to the surface of the carrier and acidifies the surface of the carrier, and adheres to the surface of the carrier. An indicator consisting of an indicator that changes color at the change point of the pH value, and a detection agent disposed in the measurement tube,
The carrier is a silica gel having a specific surface area of 300 m 2 / g or more and 1000 m 2 / g or less,
As the indicator, one having a discoloration point higher than the pH value of the surface of the detection agent is used,
When the gas to be measured passes through the detection agent, the detection substance (DME) is adsorbed on the carrier, and the perchlorate selectively reacts with the detection substance (DME) to form a double salt to form the carrier surface. A detector tube configured to raise the pH value of the indicator and change the color of the indicator beyond the discoloration point .
前記指示薬はクリスタルバイオレットである請求項1に記載の検知管。   The detection tube according to claim 1, wherein the indicator is crystal violet. 前記過塩素酸塩は、過塩素酸マグネシウムである請求項1に記載の検知管。   The detector tube according to claim 1, wherein the perchlorate is magnesium perchlorate. 前記測定管は少なくとも一部が透明であり、前記検知剤が外部から観察できる請求項1乃至請求項3に記載の検知管。   The detection tube according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the measurement tube is transparent, and the detection agent can be observed from the outside. 前記測定管はガラス管であり、両端が密封された請求項4に記載の検知管。   The detection tube according to claim 4, wherein the measurement tube is a glass tube and sealed at both ends. 前記測定管側面の前記検知剤上の位置には、目盛りが設けられ、前記検知剤の色の境界の目盛りに対する位置によって前記測定対象ガス中の検出物質の濃度が分かるように構成された請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の検知管。   A scale is provided at a position on the detection agent on the side surface of the measurement tube, and the concentration of the detection substance in the measurement target gas can be determined by a position relative to the scale of the color boundary of the detection agent. The detection tube according to any one of claims 1 to 5. 前記測定管内の前記検知剤とは異なる位置に水分吸収剤が配置された請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の検知管。   The detection tube according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a moisture absorbent is disposed at a position different from the detection agent in the measurement tube. 管内に水分吸収剤が配置された分離管と、請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか1項記載の検知管とが接続管によって接続された複合検知管。   A composite detection tube in which a separation tube in which a moisture absorbent is disposed in the tube and the detection tube according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are connected by a connection tube. 請求項1乃至請求項7の検知管、又は請求項8記載の複合検知管のいずれか一方又は両方を用い、低級炭化水素を含有する燃料ガスであるLPガス中のジメチルエーテルを検出するDME検知方法。   A DME detection method for detecting dimethyl ether in LP gas, which is a fuel gas containing lower hydrocarbons, by using either one or both of the detection tube according to claim 1 or 7 or the composite detection tube according to claim 8. .
JP2004379123A 2004-12-28 2004-12-28 Detector tube, composite detector tube, and DME detection method Expired - Fee Related JP4402584B2 (en)

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