JP4395037B2 - Excavation tool and method for excavating soil in soil - Google Patents
Excavation tool and method for excavating soil in soil Download PDFInfo
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- JP4395037B2 JP4395037B2 JP2004274512A JP2004274512A JP4395037B2 JP 4395037 B2 JP4395037 B2 JP 4395037B2 JP 2004274512 A JP2004274512 A JP 2004274512A JP 2004274512 A JP2004274512 A JP 2004274512A JP 4395037 B2 JP4395037 B2 JP 4395037B2
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/72—Pile shoes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/44—Bits with helical conveying portion, e.g. screw type bits; Augers with leading portion or with detachable parts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/26—Drilling without earth removal, e.g. with self-propelled burrowing devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Drilling And Boring (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、一方では、土中で排土掘削(displacement drilling)を行うための掘削(ドリル)工具に関する。この工具はドリルロッドを有し、その下端部には排土ヘッドが着脱可能に装着されている。本発明は、他方では、土中で排土掘削を行うための方法に関する。ここでは、ドリルロッドの下端部に着脱可能に装着された排土ヘッドを、土砂を排出し(displacing)ながら、指定の深さまで土中に挿入する。指定の深さにおいて、ドリルロッドを排土ヘッドから分離し、土中から取り出す。 The present invention, on the other hand, relates to a drilling (drilling) tool for performing displacement drilling in soil. This tool has a drill rod, and a soil removal head is detachably attached to its lower end. The invention, on the other hand, relates to a method for excavating soil in the soil. Here, the soil removal head, which is detachably attached to the lower end of the drill rod, is inserted into the soil to a specified depth while discharging the soil (displacing). At the specified depth, the drill rod is separated from the soil removal head and removed from the soil.
このような方法は、埋め残し(lost)排土ヘッドを用いる排土掘削としても周知である。排土ヘッドは土中に残り、そこに設置されるコンクリートまたは抑止杭(stabilizing pile)の支持基盤となる。この目的のために、ドリルロッドを引き抜いた後に、できあがった穴にコンクリートまたはその他の充填物質を導入する。 Such a method is also known as earth excavation using a lost earth excavation head. The earth removal head remains in the soil and serves as a support base for concrete or stabilizing piles installed there. For this purpose, concrete or other filling material is introduced into the resulting hole after the drill rod has been withdrawn.
この周知の方法では、特定の土壌条件の場合には、堅固な掘削穴壁が作れないという問題がある。つまり、できあがった掘削穴に充填物質を充填する前に、掘削穴の壁から土砂が落ちてくる可能性がある。この土砂によって、作るべきコンクリートまたは抑止杭の内部に欠陥が生じる。これは、できあがった杭の耐荷力(load carrying capacity)に悪影響がある。 In this known method, there is a problem that a solid excavation hole wall cannot be formed under certain soil conditions. That is, there is a possibility that earth and sand will fall from the wall of the excavation hole before filling the completed excavation hole with the filling material. This sediment causes defects in the concrete or deterrent piles to be made. This has an adverse effect on the load carrying capacity of the resulting pile.
本発明は、特に堅固な掘削穴壁を有する掘削穴を作ることができる、土中で排土掘削を行うための掘削工具および方法を提供するという目的とする。 It is an object of the present invention to provide a drilling tool and method for performing excavation in the soil, which can create a drilling hole having a particularly rigid drilling hole wall.
本発明の目的は、一方では、請求項1の特徴を有する掘削工具によって実現でき、他方では、請求項6の特徴を有する方法によって実現できる。本発明の好適な実施形態は、それぞれの従属請求項に説明されている。 The object of the invention can be realized on the one hand by a drilling tool having the features of claim 1 and on the other hand by a method having the features of claim 6 . Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the respective dependent claims.
本発明に係る掘削工具は、ドリルロッドの下端部が、隣接するドリルロッド部分に対して幅広である排土部分として設計されていることに特徴がある。排土ヘッドを分離した後、ドリルロッドの下端部に設けられた幅広の排土部分は、ドリルロッドを抜き出す際に、掘削穴の壁を滑らかにするために再び役立つ。特に、上から落ちてくる土砂は、排土部分によって掘削穴の壁にむかって排出することができる。この結果、一方では、充填すべき掘削穴の空間に所望でない土砂が蓄積されることを防止する。他方では、ドリルロッドを抜き出す際に掘削穴の壁にむけて更に土砂を排出することで、更なる圧密化および地固めができる。これは、掘削穴の壁を堅固なものにする。 The excavation tool according to the present invention is characterized in that the lower end portion of the drill rod is designed as a soil removal portion that is wider than the adjacent drill rod portion. After separating the earthing head, the wide earthing part provided at the lower end of the drill rod again serves to smooth the wall of the borehole when extracting the drill rod. In particular, earth and sand falling from above can be discharged toward the wall of the excavation hole by the earth removal portion. As a result, on the one hand, undesired sediment is prevented from accumulating in the space of the excavation hole to be filled. On the other hand, when the drill rod is pulled out, further compaction and consolidation can be achieved by discharging more soil and sand toward the wall of the drilling hole. This makes the borehole wall stiff.
特に、排土部分は多様な設計を有することができる。例えば、きれいなテーパ形状または王冠形状である。しかし、本発明によれば、特に先細り(テーパ)形状にして、隣接するドリルロッド部分に結合(merge)する円柱部分を有することが好適である。製造方法に関しては、円柱部分は非常にコスト効率が良い方法で実現できる。更に、円柱部分の全長にわたって均一の排土効果が実現される。排土部分に続く移行部分をきれいな完全なテーパ形状にする他に、これとは異なって一定の曲率で湾曲する形状(弓状または四分円弧状)にもできる。 In particular, the soil removal part can have various designs. For example, a clean taper shape or a crown shape. However, according to the present invention, it is preferable to have a cylindrical portion that is particularly tapered (tapered) and merges with adjacent drill rod portions. Regarding the manufacturing method, the cylindrical part can be realized in a very cost-effective manner. Furthermore, a uniform soil removal effect is realized over the entire length of the cylindrical portion. In addition to making the transition part following the soil removal part a clean complete taper shape, it can be made to have a shape (bow shape or quadrant arc shape) that is curved with a constant curvature.
良好な排土効果を得るために、本発明によると、排土ヘッドはねじ羽根(external flight)を有する。このため、排土ヘッドを土中にねじ込むことができるので、特に良好な排土効果が得られる。排土ヘッドはスチールだけでなく、プラスチック、繊維性コンクリート(fibrous concrete)、またはその他の任意の適切な物質で作ることができる。 In order to obtain a good soil removal effect, according to the invention, the soil removal head has an external flight. For this reason, since the soil removal head can be screwed into the soil, a particularly good soil removal effect can be obtained. The earthing head can be made of not only steel, but also plastic, fibrous concrete, or any other suitable material.
本発明によると、ドリルロッド上にある排土部分が排土ヘッドのねじ羽根の外径と同じかそれより小さい外径を有する場合が都合がよい。できることなら、排土部分の外径は、排土ヘッドのねじ羽根の外径の最大10〜20%小さいことが好ましい。このように小振りであっても、排土ヘッドのねじ込み動作のため凸凹を呈する掘削穴の壁を良好に滑らかにして圧密化できる。本発明によれば、排土部分の外径が排土ヘッドのねじ羽根の外径にほぼ相当するので、特に良好な圧密化効果が得られる。 According to the present invention, it is advantageous if the soil removal portion on the drill rod has an outer diameter that is the same as or smaller than the outer diameter of the screw blades of the soil removal head. If possible, it is preferable that the outer diameter of the soil removal portion is 10 to 20% smaller than the outer diameter of the screw blades of the soil removal head. Even with such a small swing, the wall of the excavation hole exhibiting unevenness can be satisfactorily smoothed and consolidated due to the screwing operation of the soil removal head. According to the present invention, since the outer diameter of the soil removal portion substantially corresponds to the outer diameter of the screw blades of the soil removal head, a particularly good consolidation effect can be obtained.
本発明によると、排土部分に隣接するドリルロッド部分にドリルロッドのねじ羽根(flight)を設けたので、圧密化効果を更に改良できる。このようなドリルロッドねじ羽根(flight)があれば、上から落ちてくる物質を、ドリルロッドの対応する回転動作によって、選択的に排土部分に運ぶことができる。 According to the present invention, since the drill rod portion adjacent to the soil removal portion is provided with the screw rod flight, the consolidation effect can be further improved. With such a drill rod screw flight, the material falling from above can be selectively transported to the soil removal part by a corresponding rotational movement of the drill rod.
更に、本発明によると、ドリルロッドねじ羽根を、排土ヘッドのねじ羽根とは反対の方向に巻くことが好適である。 Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is preferable to wind the drill rod screw blade in the direction opposite to the screw blade of the soil removal head .
土中に特に堅固な基礎杭を作るために、本発明によれば、補強部品を排土ヘッドに固定できることを企図する。これらは、例えばコンクリート杭において補強材となるスチールケーブルまたは金属バーでもよい。 In order to make a particularly solid foundation pile in the soil, it is intended according to the invention that the reinforcing component can be fixed to the soil removal head. These may be, for example, steel cables or metal bars that serve as reinforcements in concrete piles.
作った掘削穴を埋めるために、本発明によると、充填物質を導入するためにドリルロッドを管形状に設計する。したがって、ドリルロッドを抜き出す際には既に内部の空間を通って充填物質を充填できるので、掘削穴の壁を支持できる。 In order to fill the drilled holes made, according to the present invention, the drill rod is designed into a tube shape to introduce the filler material. Therefore, when the drill rod is extracted, the filling material can be filled through the internal space, so that the wall of the drill hole can be supported.
本発明に係る方法は、ドリルロッドを抜き出す際に、上から落ちてくる土砂を側方に排出する排土部分をドリルロッドの下端部に設けたことを特徴とする。この方法の結果、掘削穴の壁を堅固にするという上述の効果が得られる。 The method according to the present invention is characterized in that when the drill rod is extracted, a soil discharge portion is provided at the lower end portion of the drill rod for discharging the sediment falling from above to the side. As a result of this method, the above-described effect of hardening the wall of the excavation hole is obtained.
掘削穴を作るために、排土ヘッドにねじ羽根を設け、土中に挿入する際にドリルロッドを一方向に回転させ、ねじ羽根によって土砂を側方および上方に運ぶことが好適である。土中にねじ込む場合、排土ヘッドは重要な圧密化効果を生じる。 In order to make the excavation hole, it is preferable to provide a screw blade on the soil removal head, rotate the drill rod in one direction when inserting it into the soil, and carry the earth and sand sideways and upward by the screw blade. When screwed into the soil, the soil removal head has an important consolidation effect.
本発明の好適な改良は、反対方向に回転させるか、分離装置を作動させるかのいずれか、または両方によって排土ヘッドをドリルロッドから分離することにある。先の場合、排土ヘッドとドリルロッドとの間に単純なネジ接続を設けることができる。しかし、異なる接続装置を設けることもできる。機械的または電気的に調整可能な固定用部品を有して、排土ヘッドを確実にドリルロッドから分離できる分離装置や、銃剣受け(bayonet catch)のような構造等である。 A preferred improvement of the present invention is to separate the soil removal head from the drill rod either by rotating in the opposite direction, by operating the separating device, or both. In the former case, a simple screw connection can be provided between the soil removal head and the drill rod. However, different connection devices can be provided. It has a fixing part that can be adjusted mechanically or electrically, and can be a separation device that can reliably separate the earthing head from the drill rod, or a structure such as a bayonet catch.
本発明によれば、さらなる圧密化は、排土部分に隣接するドリルロッド部分にドリルロッドねじ羽根を設け、抜き出す際にドリルロッドを一方向に回転させ、ドリルロッドねじ羽根によって、上から落ちてきた土砂を排土部分に運ぶようにしたので、実現できる。そのような動作において、上から落ちてくる土砂を排土部分と掘削穴の壁との間の比較的小さな隙間に押しつけることもできる。 According to the present invention, further consolidation is achieved by providing a drill rod screw blade on the drill rod portion adjacent to the soil removal portion, rotating the drill rod in one direction during extraction, and dropping from above by the drill rod screw blade. It can be realized because the earth and sand are transported to the discharge part. In such an operation, the sediment falling from above can be pressed against a relatively small gap between the soil removal portion and the wall of the excavation hole.
土中に補強杭を作るために、本発明によると、抜き出す際に、排土ヘッドに固定された補強用部品も上方に導く。 In order to make a reinforcing pile in the soil, according to the present invention, the reinforcing component fixed to the soil discharging head is also guided upward when it is extracted.
更に、ドリルロッドを抜き出す際に、掘った掘削穴を充填物質で充填することが好適である。このようにして、掘削工具または充填物質自身によって、掘削穴の壁を確実な方法で常に支持する。 Furthermore, when extracting the drill rod, it is preferable to fill the excavated hole with a filling material. In this way, the wall of the drilling hole is always supported in a reliable manner by the drilling tool or the filling material itself.
以下では、添付の図面に概略的に示す好適な実施形態によって、本発明を詳細に説明する。 In the following, the invention will be described in detail by means of preferred embodiments schematically illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
図1は、本発明に係る掘削工具10の側面図である。
FIG. 1 is a side view of an
掘削工具10は、排土掘削を行うためのテーパ形状の排土ヘッド40を有し、その表面にはねじ羽根42が設けられている。ドリルロッド20と接続するために、排土ヘッド40の上端部には杭形状のフォロワ44が設けられており、これがドリルロッド20の下端部にある対応する凹み部34と係合する。
The
管形状のドリルロッド20はその下端部において幅広の排土部分30を有する。これは、テーパ形状のスリーブ32を介して、略均一の外径を有して隣接するドリルロッド部分22に続く。ドリルロッド部分22の外周にはドリルロッドねじ羽根24が設けられている。その最大外径は、幅広で円筒形の排土部分30の外径にほぼ対応する。ドリルロッドねじ羽根24は、排土部分30の円筒部まで延設されており、テーパ形状スリープ32部分においてなだらかに消失する。
The
図示する実施形態では、排土ヘッド40は上方の部位に円筒ベース46を有する。その外径は排土部分30の外径に相当する。排土ヘッド40のねじ羽根42はこの円筒ベースより突出しており、排土掘削中に、掘削穴壁における土が攪拌された領域(zone of disturbance)を形成する。掘削穴中の最終的な所望の深さ位置で排土ヘッド40を分離した後、ドリルロッド20を逆方向に回転させながら掘削穴からゆっくり抜き出す。掘削穴壁の土が攪拌された領域の上から落ちてきた土砂はドリルロッドねじ羽根24によって下方の排土部分30に運ばれる。排土部分30の外径のために、土砂は掘削穴壁、特に掘削穴壁のねじ羽根が接触した領域(zone of interference)に向かって排出される。この結果、掘削穴の壁が滑らかになり、さらに圧密化される。同時に、土砂が埋め残し排土ヘッド40の上に蓄積し、作るべきコンクリート杭に欠陥が生じることを防止する。
In the illustrated embodiment, the
10 掘削工具、20 ドリルロッド、30 排土部分、40 排土ヘッド。 10 drilling tool, 20 drill rod, 30 earth removal part, 40 earth removal head.
Claims (9)
その下端部に、ねじ羽根を有する排土ヘッドが着脱可能に設けられているドリルロッドを有し、
前記ドリルロッドは、外周に外径が排土部分の外径に対応するドリルロッドねじ羽根が設けられ、前記ドリルロッドの下端部には、ドリルロッドのねじ羽根が設けられたドリルロッド部分と比べて幅広である排土部分が排土ヘッドに隣接して設けられ、
前記排土部分は、円柱形状に形成され、前記排土ヘッドのねじ羽根の外形よりも小さい外形を有し、その外周にはねじ羽根が設けられていないことを特徴とする掘削工具。 An excavation tool for excavating soil in the soil,
At its lower end , it has a drill rod on which a soil removal head having screw blades is detachably attached,
The drill rod is provided with a drill rod screw blade whose outer diameter corresponds to the outer diameter of the soil removal portion on the outer circumference, and compared with a drill rod portion provided with a screw rod of the drill rod at the lower end portion of the drill rod. A wide and wide soil removal part adjacent to the soil removal head,
The excavation tool , wherein the earth removal portion is formed in a cylindrical shape, has an outer shape smaller than an outer shape of a screw blade of the earth discharging head, and no screw blade is provided on an outer periphery thereof .
前記ドリルロッドの下端部には排土ヘッドに隣接して排土部分が設けられ、前記排土部分は、隣接するドリルロッド部分と比べて幅広の円柱形状に形成され、前記排土ヘッドのねじ羽根の外形よりも小さい外形を有し、前記排土部分の外周にはねじが設けられておらず、
前記ドリルロッドを取り出す際に前記ドリルロッドを一方向に回転し、前記ドリルロッドの外周に設けられ、外径が排土部分の外径に対応するドリルロッドねじ羽根が、上から落ちてきた土砂を前記排土部分に運ぶことを特徴とする方法。 A method of excavating soil in the soil, which is detachably provided at the lower end of the drill rod, and inserts a soil removal head having screw blades to a desired depth in the soil while discharging the soil, Separating the drill rod from the soil removal head at a desired depth and extracting it from the soil;
Wherein the lower end of the drill rod earth removal portions are provided adjacent to the dumping head, the earth removal portions are formed wider cylindrical compared to adjacent drill rod portion, the screw of the soil removing head The outer shape of the blade is smaller than the outer shape of the blade, the outer periphery of the soil removal part is not provided with a screw,
When the drill rod is taken out, the drill rod is rotated in one direction, and the drill rod screw blade provided on the outer periphery of the drill rod, the outer diameter of which corresponds to the outer diameter of the soil discharge portion, has fallen from above. Transporting the soil to the earthing part .
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10344353A DE10344353B4 (en) | 2003-09-24 | 2003-09-24 | Drilling device and method for positive displacement drilling in the ground |
Publications (2)
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JP2005098096A JP2005098096A (en) | 2005-04-14 |
JP4395037B2 true JP4395037B2 (en) | 2010-01-06 |
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JP2004274512A Expired - Fee Related JP4395037B2 (en) | 2003-09-24 | 2004-09-22 | Excavation tool and method for excavating soil in soil |
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EP (1) | EP1519000B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4395037B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1320250C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE327406T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10344353B4 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2292437C2 (en) |
UA (1) | UA75807C2 (en) |
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US9243452B2 (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2016-01-26 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Cutting elements for earth-boring tools, earth-boring tools including such cutting elements, and related methods |
JP5859079B2 (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2016-02-10 | 有限会社清和実業 | Auger screw |
US9512588B2 (en) | 2014-10-17 | 2016-12-06 | Berkel & Company Contractors, Inc. | Reversible displacement auger tool |
US9506295B1 (en) | 2014-10-17 | 2016-11-29 | Berkel & Company Contractors, Inc. | Reversible displacement auger tool |
CN104878746A (en) * | 2015-06-14 | 2015-09-02 | 孔超 | Bidirectional extruding short spiral pile-forming device and pile-forming method |
EP3467205B1 (en) | 2017-10-06 | 2019-12-04 | BAUER Maschinen GmbH | Method for creating a pile in the ground and ground processing device for same |
CN110685589B (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2020-11-24 | 温州博辉新材料科技有限公司 | Inner wall expands puncher for municipal works of tamping |
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BE903965A (en) * | 1985-12-31 | 1986-04-16 | Coelus Gaspar Jozef | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CARRYING DRILLING PILES. |
DE4107834A1 (en) * | 1991-03-12 | 1992-09-17 | Delmag Maschinenfabrik | Hollow displacement auger - has drive shaft extending longitudinally through its centre, with pointed tip, and has anti-buckling discs fitted at intervals along drive shaft, requiring minimum torque for control |
DE4220976C1 (en) * | 1992-06-26 | 1993-07-15 | Delmag Maschinenfabrik Reinhold Dornfeld Gmbh & Co, 7300 Esslingen, De | |
AU1323995A (en) * | 1994-01-06 | 1995-08-01 | Roxbury Limited | Improvements in or relating to apparatus for use in forming piles |
BE1010638A3 (en) * | 1996-09-20 | 1998-11-03 | Poorteman Frank | Drill for making a pile in the ground and method of making the drill applying. |
US6033152A (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 2000-03-07 | Berkel & Company Contractors, Inc. | Pile forming apparatus |
FR2826050B1 (en) * | 2001-06-19 | 2003-09-19 | Cie Du Sol | DRILLING AND DELIVERY TOOL |
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DE502004000614D1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
CN1601044A (en) | 2005-03-30 |
CN1320250C (en) | 2007-06-06 |
DE10344353A1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
RU2292437C2 (en) | 2007-01-27 |
DE10344353B4 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
ATE327406T1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
RU2004127846A (en) | 2006-02-20 |
EP1519000A1 (en) | 2005-03-30 |
JP2005098096A (en) | 2005-04-14 |
UA75807C2 (en) | 2006-05-15 |
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