JP4369373B2 - ペルチエベースの凍結融解弁およびその使用方法 - Google Patents
ペルチエベースの凍結融解弁およびその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4369373B2 JP4369373B2 JP2004558602A JP2004558602A JP4369373B2 JP 4369373 B2 JP4369373 B2 JP 4369373B2 JP 2004558602 A JP2004558602 A JP 2004558602A JP 2004558602 A JP2004558602 A JP 2004558602A JP 4369373 B2 JP4369373 B2 JP 4369373B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 13
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 6
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- PTVDYARBVCBHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu] PTVDYARBVCBHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
- B01L3/502738—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by integrated valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K13/00—Other constructional types of cut-off apparatus; Arrangements for cutting-off
- F16K13/08—Arrangements for cutting-off not used
- F16K13/10—Arrangements for cutting-off not used by means of liquid or granular medium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K29/00—Arrangements for movement of valve members other than for opening and closing the valve, e.g. for grinding-in, for preventing sticking
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F16K99/0001—Microvalves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F16K99/0001—Microvalves
- F16K99/0003—Constructional types of microvalves; Details of the cutting-off member
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F16K99/0001—Microvalves
- F16K99/0003—Constructional types of microvalves; Details of the cutting-off member
- F16K99/0021—No-moving-parts valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F16K99/0001—Microvalves
- F16K99/0034—Operating means specially adapted for microvalves
- F16K99/0042—Electric operating means therefor
- F16K99/0044—Electric operating means therefor using thermo-electric means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
- F17D1/16—Facilitating the conveyance of liquids or effecting the conveyance of viscous products by modification of their viscosity
- F17D1/18—Facilitating the conveyance of liquids or effecting the conveyance of viscous products by modification of their viscosity by heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/04—Preparation or injection of sample to be analysed
- G01N30/16—Injection
- G01N30/20—Injection using a sampling valve
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/1919—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means characterised by the type of controller
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one thermoelectric or thermomagnetic element covered by groups H10N10/00 - H10N15/00
- H10N19/101—Multiple thermocouples connected in a cascade arrangement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/18—Means for temperature control
- B01L2300/1805—Conductive heating, heat from thermostatted solids is conducted to receptacles, e.g. heating plates, blocks
- B01L2300/1822—Conductive heating, heat from thermostatted solids is conducted to receptacles, e.g. heating plates, blocks using Peltier elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/18—Means for temperature control
- B01L2300/1805—Conductive heating, heat from thermostatted solids is conducted to receptacles, e.g. heating plates, blocks
- B01L2300/1827—Conductive heating, heat from thermostatted solids is conducted to receptacles, e.g. heating plates, blocks using resistive heater
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/06—Valves, specific forms thereof
- B01L2400/0677—Valves, specific forms thereof phase change valves; Meltable, freezing, dissolvable plugs; Destructible barriers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F16K2099/0082—Microvalves adapted for a particular use
- F16K2099/0084—Chemistry or biology, e.g. "lab-on-a-chip" technology
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
- G01N35/1095—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices for supplying the samples to flow-through analysers
- G01N35/1097—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices for supplying the samples to flow-through analysers characterised by the valves
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/0318—Processes
- Y10T137/0391—Affecting flow by the addition of material or energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
- Y10T137/218—Means to regulate or vary operation of device
- Y10T137/2191—By non-fluid energy field affecting input [e.g., transducer]
- Y10T137/2196—Acoustical or thermal energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
- Y10T137/2229—Device including passages having V over T configuration
- Y10T137/2251—And multiple or joined power-outlet passages
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/6416—With heating or cooling of the system
- Y10T137/6606—With electric heating element
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
Description
Claims (14)
- 流体の流れを制御する装置であって、
冷却された熱的マスを第1の位置に有するとともに、加熱された熱的マスを第2の位置に有するハウジングと、
流体導管を受容することができるチャネルを有する可動ブロックとを備えており、
前記加熱された熱的マスは、介在するギャップにより、前記冷却された熱的マスから隔てられており、前記可動ブロックが、該介在するギャップ内に位置しており、
前記流体導管は、1つまたは複数の流体を移送し、前記流体導管が低温のときに前記流体を凍結して流れを制限し、前記流体導管が高温のときに前記流体を融解して流れを許容することができるものであり、
前記装置がさらに、前記ハウジングと前記可動ブロックとに固定されており、前記第1の位置と前記第2の位置との間で前記可動ブロックを移動させる移動手段を備えており、
前記可動ブロックは、前記第1の位置にあるとき、前記冷却された熱的マスと熱的に接触して前記流体導管を低温の閉状態に維持し、前記第2の位置にあるとき、前記加熱された熱的マスと熱的に接触して前記流体導管を高温の開状態に維持する、前記装置。 - 前記可動ブロックの前記チャネル内に流体導管を備えている、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記可動ブロックが高い熱伝導性を有するものである、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記可動ブロックが小さな熱的マスを有するものである、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記移動手段が駆動アームである、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記加熱された熱的マスが、抵抗加熱によって加熱される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記加熱された熱的マスが、ペルチエヒートポンプのホット面によって加熱されたものである、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記冷却された熱的マスが、ペルチエヒートポンプのコールド面によって冷却されたものである、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記ペルチエヒートポンプのコールド面が実質的に一定の温度に維持される、請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記ハウジングが気密である、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記ハウジングの内部容積が真空に維持される、請求項10に記載の装置。
- 前記ハウジングが熱伝導性材料で構成されている、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記ハウジングが、前記加熱された熱的マスと前記ペルチエヒートポンプのホット面とを接続している、請求項12に記載の装置。
- 流体の流れを制御する方法であって、
請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の装置を設けるステップと、
前記移動手段を駆動して、前記流れを制限する第1の位置と前記流れを許容する第2の位置との間で前記可動ブロックを移動させるステップとを備えている、前記方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US43181002P | 2002-12-09 | 2002-12-09 | |
PCT/US2003/039071 WO2004053370A1 (en) | 2002-12-09 | 2003-12-09 | Peltier based freeze-thaw valves and method of use |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2006509209A JP2006509209A (ja) | 2006-03-16 |
JP4369373B2 true JP4369373B2 (ja) | 2009-11-18 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004558602A Expired - Fee Related JP4369373B2 (ja) | 2002-12-09 | 2003-12-09 | ペルチエベースの凍結融解弁およびその使用方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7128081B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4369373B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003300836A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE10393861B4 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB2414287B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004053370A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2433979B (en) * | 2002-12-09 | 2007-08-15 | Waters Investments Ltd | Peltier based freeze-thaw valves and method of use |
US8642353B2 (en) * | 2004-05-10 | 2014-02-04 | The Aerospace Corporation | Microfluidic device for inducing separations by freezing and associated method |
US7694694B2 (en) * | 2004-05-10 | 2010-04-13 | The Aerospace Corporation | Phase-change valve apparatuses |
US7650910B2 (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2010-01-26 | The Aerospace Corporation | Electro-hydraulic valve apparatuses |
US7686040B2 (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2010-03-30 | The Aerospace Corporation | Electro-hydraulic devices |
US7721762B2 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2010-05-25 | The Aerospace Corporation | Fast acting valve apparatuses |
WO2006078634A2 (en) * | 2005-01-21 | 2006-07-27 | Waters Investments Limited | Temperature-controlled variable fluidic resistance device |
WO2007021810A2 (en) * | 2005-08-11 | 2007-02-22 | Eksigent Technologies, Llc | Microfluidic methods and apparatuses for fluid mixing and valving |
CN101102656B (zh) * | 2007-07-04 | 2012-07-11 | 杨伍民 | 闭环自动补偿式散热方法及装置 |
GB2453154A (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2009-04-01 | John Christopher Magrath | Apparatus for freezing water pipes |
US8341950B2 (en) * | 2008-07-18 | 2013-01-01 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Engine exhaust system having a thermoelectric conversion device and a heat pipe |
DE102009035291B4 (de) | 2009-07-30 | 2011-09-01 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung einer mikrofluidischen Kanalstruktur in einer Kammer, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
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JP6869949B2 (ja) | 2015-07-22 | 2021-05-12 | ザ ユニバーシティ オブ ノース カロライナ アット チャペル ヒルThe University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill | 氷核形成剤を含む凍結融解バルブを備える流体装置と関連の操作及び分析方法 |
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- 2003-12-09 DE DE10393861.3T patent/DE10393861B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-09 GB GB0511621A patent/GB2414287B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-09 JP JP2004558602A patent/JP4369373B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-09 AU AU2003300836A patent/AU2003300836A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US7128081B2 (en) | 2006-10-31 |
GB2414287B (en) | 2007-08-15 |
JP2006509209A (ja) | 2006-03-16 |
GB2414287A (en) | 2005-11-23 |
DE10393861B4 (de) | 2016-12-15 |
DE10393861T5 (de) | 2007-03-15 |
US7356995B2 (en) | 2008-04-15 |
US20050236056A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
WO2004053370A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 |
GB0511621D0 (en) | 2005-07-13 |
AU2003300836A1 (en) | 2004-06-30 |
US20070056646A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
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