JP4360900B2 - Pressure control equipment in nuclear power plants. - Google Patents

Pressure control equipment in nuclear power plants. Download PDF

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JP4360900B2
JP4360900B2 JP2003428618A JP2003428618A JP4360900B2 JP 4360900 B2 JP4360900 B2 JP 4360900B2 JP 2003428618 A JP2003428618 A JP 2003428618A JP 2003428618 A JP2003428618 A JP 2003428618A JP 4360900 B2 JP4360900 B2 JP 4360900B2
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純一 北村
真 長谷川
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Hitachi GE Nuclear Energy Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description

本発明は、原子力発電プラントにおける原子炉ドーム圧力を、タービン蒸気加減弁やタービンバイパス弁の開度調整を通じて制御する圧力制御装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a pressure control device that controls a reactor dome pressure in a nuclear power plant through opening adjustment of a turbine steam control valve and a turbine bypass valve.

原子力発電プラントでは、その通常運転中においては原子炉ドーム圧力（これはタービン入口圧力と同等である）に所定の圧力を設定し、この設定圧力を保つにような圧力制御がなされる（例えば特許文献１〜特許文献３）。その圧力制御は、原子炉で発生させた蒸気をタービンに送る主蒸気配管に設置のタービン蒸気加減弁と原子炉からの蒸気をタービンに対してバイパスさせて復水器に直接逃すバイパス配管に設置のタービンバイパス弁それぞれの開度を設定圧力に基づいて圧力制御装置にて調整することでなされる。   In a nuclear power plant, during normal operation, a predetermined pressure is set to the reactor dome pressure (which is equivalent to the turbine inlet pressure), and pressure control is performed to maintain this set pressure (for example, patents). Literature 1 to Patent Literature 3). The pressure control is installed in the main steam pipe that sends steam generated in the reactor to the turbine, and in the bypass pipe that bypasses the steam from the reactor to the turbine and releases it directly to the condenser. The opening degree of each turbine bypass valve is adjusted by a pressure control device based on the set pressure.

具体的には以下のような制御がなされる。圧力制御装置においては、設定圧力と実際のタービン入口圧力との偏差に基づいて原子炉からの全蒸気流量要求を求めて全蒸気流量要求信号を生成させるとともに、タービンに対して設定される速度設定と実際のタービン速度との偏差に基づいて負荷要求（タービンにおける蒸気流量についての要求）を求めて負荷要求信号を生成させる。そしてタービン蒸気加減弁については、全蒸気流量要求信号と負荷要求信号を低値優先回路で比較して何れか小さい方の信号をタービン蒸気加減弁開度指令信号として出力し、このタービン蒸気加減弁開度指令信号に基づいてタービン蒸気加減弁の開度を調整する。したがって、全蒸気流量要求が負荷要求よりも小さい状態においては、タービン入口圧力の変化に応じた全蒸気流量要求信号の変化によりタービン蒸気加減弁開度が調整され、これによりタービン入口圧力が設定圧力になる方向に制御される。例えば、タービン入口圧力が設定圧力より上昇する方向に変動したとすると、圧力上昇を抑えようと全蒸気流量要求が増加し、これによりタービン蒸気加減弁の開度が大きくする方向に調整される。そしてこの結果、原子炉からの蒸気流量が一時的に増大してタービン入口圧力つまり原子炉ドーム圧力が下げられる。   Specifically, the following control is performed. In the pressure control device, the total steam flow demand request from the reactor is generated based on the deviation between the set pressure and the actual turbine inlet pressure to generate a total steam flow demand signal, and the speed setting set for the turbine Based on the deviation between the actual turbine speed and the actual turbine speed, a load request (a request for the steam flow rate in the turbine) is obtained to generate a load request signal. As for the turbine steam control valve, the total steam flow rate request signal and the load request signal are compared by the low value priority circuit, and the smaller one is output as the turbine steam control valve opening command signal. The opening degree of the turbine steam control valve is adjusted based on the opening degree command signal. Therefore, in a state where the total steam flow demand is smaller than the load demand, the turbine steam control valve opening is adjusted by the change in the total steam flow demand signal in accordance with the change in the turbine inlet pressure, whereby the turbine inlet pressure is set to the set pressure. Controlled in the direction to become. For example, if the turbine inlet pressure fluctuates in a direction that rises above the set pressure, the total steam flow demand increases to suppress the pressure rise, and the opening degree of the turbine steam control valve is thereby adjusted to increase. As a result, the steam flow rate from the reactor is temporarily increased, and the turbine inlet pressure, that is, the reactor dome pressure is lowered.

一方、タービンバイパス弁については、全蒸気流量要求信号とタービン蒸気加減弁開度指令信号との偏差からタービンバイパス弁開度指令信号を求め、このタービンバイパス弁開度指令信号に基づいてタービンバイパス弁の開度を調整する。したがってタービンバイパス弁は、全蒸気流量要求よりも負荷要求が小さくなった条件において開かれ、全蒸気流量要求と負荷要求に相関して開度が調整される。すなわちタービンバイパス弁は、原子炉ドーム圧力を設定圧力に保つために原子炉から流出させる必要のある全蒸気流量に対してタービンで消費する蒸気流量が下回っている場合に、その分を復水器に直接逃すべく開度が調整される。   On the other hand, for the turbine bypass valve, a turbine bypass valve opening command signal is obtained from the deviation between the total steam flow rate request signal and the turbine steam control valve opening command signal, and the turbine bypass valve opening command signal is determined based on the turbine bypass valve opening command signal. Adjust the opening. Therefore, the turbine bypass valve is opened under the condition that the load requirement is smaller than the total steam flow rate requirement, and the opening degree is adjusted in correlation with the total steam flow rate requirement and the load requirement. That is, when the steam flow consumed by the turbine is lower than the total steam flow that needs to flow out of the reactor to keep the reactor dome pressure at the set pressure, the turbine bypass valve The opening is adjusted so that it can escape directly.

以上のようにして圧力制御に機能するタービン蒸気加減弁やタービンバイパス弁にはそれぞれ固有の流量特性がある。タービン蒸気加減弁を例にとると、その蒸気流量特性、すなわち全蒸気流量要求信号変化（弁開度調整値）に対する蒸気流量変化の割合には、弁の構造上から、低開度では基本的には線形であるが、高開度になるほど要求信号の変化に対する蒸気流量の変化幅が小さくなり（傾きが小さくなり）、非線形になるという特徴がある。その例を図５に示す。図５におけるグラフの縦軸は主蒸気流量のパーセント表示であり、横軸は全蒸気流量要求信号のパーセント表示である。   The turbine steam control valve and the turbine bypass valve functioning for pressure control as described above have their own flow characteristics. Taking the turbine steam control valve as an example, the steam flow rate characteristic, that is, the ratio of the steam flow rate change to the total steam flow request signal change (valve opening adjustment value) is basically However, the higher the opening, the smaller the change width of the steam flow with respect to the change of the required signal (the inclination becomes smaller), and the non-linearity. An example is shown in FIG. The vertical axis of the graph in FIG. 5 is a percentage display of the main steam flow rate, and the horizontal axis is a percentage display of the total steam flow request signal.

圧力制御の観点からはタービン蒸気加減弁やタービンバイパス弁の流量特性が線形であることが望ましい。そこで、タービン蒸気加減弁やタービンバイパス弁の非線形性を補償する関数発生器を圧力制御装置に設け、通常運転の範囲では各弁の流量特性が線形となるよう調整している。関数発生器に設定する関数は原子力発電プラントの起動試験の際に作成される。すなわち起動試験に際してプラントの出力を通常時運転で予定される最大出力まで段階を踏みながら上昇させ、その間に出力段階ごとに圧力制御を行ってデータを取得し、このデータに基づいて非線形性補償の関数を作成する。   From the viewpoint of pressure control, it is desirable that the flow characteristics of the turbine steam control valve and the turbine bypass valve be linear. Therefore, a function generator that compensates for the nonlinearity of the turbine steam control valve and the turbine bypass valve is provided in the pressure control device, and the flow rate characteristics of each valve are adjusted to be linear in the normal operation range. The function set in the function generator is created at the start-up test of the nuclear power plant. In other words, during the start-up test, the output of the plant is increased while stepping up to the maximum output planned for normal operation, and during that time, pressure control is performed for each output stage to obtain data, and nonlinearity compensation is performed based on this data. Create a function.

特開平７−３１８６８９号公報JP 7-318689 A 特開平１０−３００８８８号公報Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-300888 特開平１１−８４０７８号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-84078

上述のように圧力制御装置では、タービン蒸気加減弁やタービンバイパス弁における流量特性の非線形性を補償するのに、原子力発電プラントの起動試験の際に作成した補償関数を用いている。このため起動試験時に経験しない通常運転範囲外の領域に対しては補償関数が有効でなく、そのような領域ではタービン蒸気加減弁やタービンバイパス弁の流量特性が非線形となる場合が多い。そのようになった場合の挙動について以下に例を挙げ説明する。蒸気流量特性の傾きが小さい領域（非線形領域；図５中の領域Ａ）で運転している場合に、タービン入口圧力に変化を生じると、その圧力変化で与えられる全蒸気流量要求信号の変化分によるタービン蒸気加減弁の開度調整では圧力変化を抑えることができない。このためさらに全蒸気流量要求信号が変化する。その結果、逆に行き過ぎを生じ、今度は逆方向に制御信号が変化し、結果として増減を繰り返す不安定な制御となり、図５の左側に示すように、ハンチングを発生させることになる。またタービン蒸気加減弁の動作に対して、圧力制御装置では演算遅れがある。そしてこの演算遅れも、タービン蒸気加減弁の流量特性が悪い場合に、プラントの不安定さを助長し、ハンチングを増大させることになる。以上のことはタービンバイパス弁においても、それが圧力制御に作用している場合には同様である。   As described above, in the pressure control device, the compensation function created during the start-up test of the nuclear power plant is used to compensate for the nonlinearity of the flow rate characteristics in the turbine steam control valve and the turbine bypass valve. For this reason, the compensation function is not effective for a region outside the normal operation range that is not experienced during the start-up test, and in such a region, the flow characteristics of the turbine steam control valve and the turbine bypass valve are often nonlinear. An example of the behavior in such a case will be described below. When operating in a region where the slope of the steam flow characteristic is small (nonlinear region; region A in FIG. 5), if a change occurs in the turbine inlet pressure, the change in the total steam flow request signal given by the pressure change The pressure change cannot be suppressed by adjusting the opening degree of the turbine steam control valve. For this reason, the total steam flow rate request signal further changes. As a result, overshoot occurs, and the control signal changes in the opposite direction, resulting in unstable control that repeatedly increases and decreases, and hunting occurs as shown on the left side of FIG. In addition, there is a calculation delay in the pressure control device with respect to the operation of the turbine steam control valve. This calculation delay also contributes to plant instability and increases hunting when the flow characteristics of the turbine steam control valve are poor. The same applies to the turbine bypass valve when it acts on pressure control.

ところで、昨今の原子力発電プラントにおいては、定格電気出力から定格熱出力へと運用方式が変わってきている。定格熱出力運用においては定格電気出力の場合よりも原子炉の熱出力が高くなり、したがってタービン蒸気加減弁の開度も大きくなる。そして定格熱出力運用における出力レベルは、プラント起動試験時に予定した範囲を超えているのが通常である。すなわち定格熱出力運用においては、既存の原子力発電プラントにおける圧力制御装置でタービン蒸気加減弁やタービンバイパス弁の流量特性線形化のために設定されている補償関数が有効でなくなる出力状態が生じることになる。そしてこのような状態にあっては上記のようなハンチングを招く可能性が高くなり、そうなるとプラントの運転を停止させることにもつながりかねない。   By the way, in recent nuclear power plants, the operation method has changed from rated electrical output to rated heat output. In rated thermal power operation, the thermal power of the reactor is higher than in the case of rated electrical power, and therefore the opening degree of the turbine steam control valve is also large. And the output level in the rated heat output operation usually exceeds the range planned during the plant start-up test. In other words, in the rated heat output operation, there is an output state where the compensation function set for linearizing the flow characteristic of the turbine steam control valve and turbine bypass valve in the pressure control device in the existing nuclear power plant becomes ineffective. Become. In such a state, there is a high possibility of causing hunting as described above, which may lead to stopping the operation of the plant.

本発明は、以上のような原子力発電プラントにおける事情を背景になされたものであり、プラント起動試験時に予定していない出力範囲でもハンチングなどを招くようなことのない安定した運転を行えるようにする圧力制御を可能とする圧力制御装置の提供を目的としている。   The present invention is made in the background of the situation in the nuclear power plant as described above, and makes it possible to perform a stable operation without causing hunting or the like even in an output range that is not planned at the time of the plant start-up test. The object is to provide a pressure control device that enables pressure control.

上記目的のために本発明では、原子炉からタービンに蒸気を送る主蒸気配管に設けられているタービン蒸気加減弁の開度をタービン蒸気加減弁開度調整信号にて調整することによりタービン入口圧力の制御をなすようにされている圧力制御装置において、前記タービン蒸気加減弁開度調整信号を出力するタービン蒸気加減弁用の関数発生器と、前記タービン蒸気加減弁の開度を検出して得られるタービン蒸気加減弁開度信号と前記タービン蒸気加減弁における蒸気流量を検出して得られる蒸気流量信号で求められる曲線から逆関数を算出し、この逆関数の前記タービン蒸気加減弁用の関数発生器における設定値に対するずれを求め、前記ずれから、前記タービン蒸気加減弁における開度と蒸気流量の関係の非線形性を補正するタービン蒸気加減弁用の補正量を生成させる弁開度線形性補正手段とを備え、前記タービン蒸気加減弁用の補正量を前記タービン蒸気加減弁開度調整信号に加算できるようにされていることを特徴としている。
For the above purpose, in the present invention, the turbine inlet pressure is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the turbine steam control valve provided in the main steam pipe for sending steam from the reactor to the turbine by the turbine steam control valve opening adjustment signal. In the pressure control device configured to control the above, the function generator for turbine steam control valve that outputs the turbine steam control valve opening adjustment signal and the opening of the turbine steam control valve are detected. An inverse function is calculated from a curve obtained from a steam flow rate signal obtained by detecting a steam flow rate signal obtained by detecting a turbine steam control valve opening degree signal and a steam flow rate in the turbine steam control valve, and generating a function for the turbine steam control valve of the inverse function It obtains the deviation for the set value in the vessel, from the deviation, the turbine steam control valve turbine steam pressure for correcting the nonlinearity of the relation between the opening and the steam flow rate in As characterized in that it is a valve opening linearity correction means for generating a correction amount for the valve, the correction amount for the turbine steam control valve to be added to the turbine steam control valve opening control signal Yes.

また本発明では上記のような圧力制御装置について、前記タービン蒸気加減弁に加えて、前記原子炉からの蒸気を前記タービンに対してバイパスさせて復水器に逃すためのバイパス配管に設けられているタービンバイパス弁の開度についても、タービンバイパス弁開度調整信号にて調整するようにし、そして前記弁開度線形性補正手段は、前記タービンバイパス弁の開度を検出して得られるタービンバイパス弁開度信号と前記タービンバイパス弁における蒸気流量を検出して得られる蒸気流量信号とから、前記タービンバイパス弁における開度と蒸気流量の関係の非線形性を補正するタービンバイパス弁用の補正量を生成させ、このタービンバイパス弁用の補正量を前記タービンバイパス弁開度調整信号に加算できるようにしている。   In the present invention, in addition to the turbine steam control valve, the pressure control device as described above is provided in a bypass pipe for bypassing steam from the reactor to the turbine and letting it escape to the condenser. The opening of the turbine bypass valve is also adjusted by a turbine bypass valve opening adjustment signal, and the valve opening linearity correction means is a turbine bypass obtained by detecting the opening of the turbine bypass valve. From the valve opening signal and the steam flow signal obtained by detecting the steam flow in the turbine bypass valve, a correction amount for the turbine bypass valve for correcting the nonlinearity of the relationship between the opening and the steam flow in the turbine bypass valve is obtained. The turbine bypass valve correction amount can be added to the turbine bypass valve opening adjustment signal.

また本発明では上記のような圧力制御装置について、前記弁開度線形性補正手段に、前記タービン蒸気加減弁やタービンバイパス弁が線形性を逸脱している状態にあるか否かを判定させ、逸脱している場合には警報を発することができるようにしている。   Further, in the present invention, for the pressure control device as described above, the valve opening linearity correction means determines whether or not the turbine steam control valve and the turbine bypass valve are out of linearity, In case of deviation, an alarm can be issued.

また本発明では上記のような圧力制御装置について、前記タービン蒸気加減弁開度信号と前記タービンバイパス弁開度信号を、一次遅れのフィルタとタイマを通すようにしている。   In the present invention, in the pressure control device as described above, the turbine steam control valve opening signal and the turbine bypass valve opening signal are passed through a first-order lag filter and a timer.

また本発明では上記のような圧力制御装置について、前記タービン蒸気加減弁用の補正量やタービンバイパス弁用の補正量を前記タービン蒸気加減弁開度調整信号や前記タービンバイパス弁開度調整信号へ加算することの要否を選択できるようにしている。   In the present invention, for the pressure control device as described above, the correction amount for the turbine steam control valve and the correction amount for the turbine bypass valve are transferred to the turbine steam control valve opening adjustment signal and the turbine bypass valve opening adjustment signal. The necessity of addition can be selected.

本発明では圧力制御装置に弁開度線形性補正手段を設け、この弁開度線形性補正手段にてタービン蒸気加減弁やタービンバイパス弁それぞれの流量特性における非線形性を補正できるようにしている。このため本発明によれば、固定的に設定されている補償関数では線形性を担保できない領域についても線形性を保たせることが可能となり、プラント起動試験時に予定していない出力範囲でもハンチングなどを招くようなことがない安定した運転を行えるようになる。   In the present invention, a valve opening linearity correcting means is provided in the pressure control device, and the valve opening linearity correcting means can correct the nonlinearity in the flow characteristics of the turbine steam control valve and the turbine bypass valve. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to maintain linearity even in a region where linearity cannot be ensured with a fixed compensation function, and hunting can be performed even in an output range that is not planned at the time of a plant start-up test. It will be possible to perform a stable operation without incurring any inconvenience.

以下、本発明の実施形態について説明する。図１には本発明の一実施形態による圧力制御装置を適用した原子力発電プラントの系統図を示す。原子力発電プラントにおいては、原子炉再循環流量制御装置１１による制御の下で供給される冷却水（給水）が原子炉１の炉心２で加熱されて蒸気となる。原子炉１で発生した蒸気は、主蒸気配管３を通ってタービン６に流入し、タービン６の回転駆動を通じて発電機７を回転駆動させることで消費される。主蒸気配管３にはタービン蒸気加減弁４が設けられており、このタービン蒸気加減弁４の開度を圧力制御装置（ＥＨＣ）５にて調整することで、タービン６への流入蒸気流量が調整される。また主蒸気配管３には、原子炉１からの蒸気をタービン６に対しバイパスさせて復水器１０に流入させるバイパス配管８が原子炉タービン蒸気加減弁４の上流で接続されている。バイパス配管８にはタービンバイパス弁９が設けられており、このタービンバイパス弁９の開度を圧力制御装置５にて調整することで、バイパス配管８を通って復水器１０に流入するバイパス蒸気の流量が調整される。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 shows a system diagram of a nuclear power plant to which a pressure control device according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied. In a nuclear power plant, cooling water (feed water) supplied under the control of the reactor recirculation flow control device 11 is heated by the core 2 of the nuclear reactor 1 to become steam. The steam generated in the nuclear reactor 1 flows into the turbine 6 through the main steam pipe 3 and is consumed by rotating the generator 7 through the rotational driving of the turbine 6. The main steam pipe 3 is provided with a turbine steam control valve 4, and the flow rate of the steam flowing into the turbine 6 is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the turbine steam control valve 4 with a pressure control device (EHC) 5. Is done. Further, a bypass pipe 8 for bypassing steam from the reactor 1 to the turbine 6 and flowing into the condenser 10 is connected to the main steam pipe 3 upstream of the reactor turbine steam control valve 4. The bypass pipe 8 is provided with a turbine bypass valve 9, and the bypass steam that flows into the condenser 10 through the bypass pipe 8 by adjusting the opening degree of the turbine bypass valve 9 by the pressure control device 5. The flow rate is adjusted.

図２に圧力制御装置５の構成例を示す。圧力制御装置５は、原子炉ドーム圧力（タービン入口圧力）の制御に機能する圧力調整器２１と、タービン速度の制御に機能するタービン速度／負荷制御器２２を有している。圧力調整器２１は、タービンの入口圧力を検出して得られるタービン入口圧力信号Ｓ１とタービン入口圧力について設定される圧力値に応じて与えられる圧力設定信号Ｓ２との偏差に一定値の圧力調定率Ｋ１を乗じて全蒸気流量要求信号Ｓ３を演算する比例制御となっており（Ｓ３＝Ｋ１（Ｓ１−Ｓ２））、例えばタービン入口圧力が上昇して設定圧力とタービン入口圧力との偏差が大きくなると全蒸気流量要求信号Ｓ３が大きくなる。   FIG. 2 shows a configuration example of the pressure control device 5. The pressure control device 5 includes a pressure regulator 21 that functions to control the reactor dome pressure (turbine inlet pressure) and a turbine speed / load controller 22 that functions to control the turbine speed. The pressure regulator 21 has a constant pressure regulation rate in the deviation between the turbine inlet pressure signal S1 obtained by detecting the turbine inlet pressure and the pressure setting signal S2 given according to the pressure value set for the turbine inlet pressure. Proportional control in which the total steam flow request signal S3 is calculated by multiplying K1 (S3 = K1 (S1-S2)). For example, when the turbine inlet pressure rises and the deviation between the set pressure and the turbine inlet pressure increases. The total steam flow request signal S3 increases.

タービン速度／負荷制御器２２は、タービン６に対する設定速度に応じて与えられる速度設定信号Ｓ５とタービン６の速度を検出して得られるタービン速度信号Ｓ６との偏差に一定値の速度調定率Ｋ２を乗じたものと、タービン６に設定される負荷値に応じて与えられる負荷設定信号Ｓ４との加算値を求め、さらに圧力制御を優先するためにバイアス値１０％をこの偏差に加算して負荷要求信号Ｓ７を演算しており（Ｓ７＝Ｓ４＋バイアス値１０％×０．１＋Ｋ２（Ｓ５−Ｓ６））、例えばタービン速度信号Ｓ６が増大して偏差が大きくなると負荷要求信号Ｓ７が小さくなる。   The turbine speed / load controller 22 sets a constant speed regulation rate K2 to the deviation between the speed setting signal S5 given according to the setting speed for the turbine 6 and the turbine speed signal S6 obtained by detecting the speed of the turbine 6. An added value of the product multiplied by the load setting signal S4 given according to the load value set in the turbine 6 is obtained, and a bias value of 10% is added to this deviation in order to prioritize pressure control. The signal S7 is calculated (S7 = S4 + bias value 10% × 0.1 + K2 (S5−S6)). For example, when the turbine speed signal S6 increases and the deviation increases, the load request signal S7 decreases.

このような圧力制御装置５によるタービン蒸気加減弁４の開度調整つまりタービン入口圧力の制御は以下のようにしてなされる。全蒸気流量要求信号Ｓ３と負荷要求信号Ｓ７が低値優先回路（ＬＶＧ）２３で比較され、何れか小さい方がタービン蒸気加減弁開度指令信号Ｓ８として出力される。タービン蒸気加減弁開度指令信号Ｓ８は、タービン蒸気加減弁用の関数発生器（ＦＧ１）２５にて上述のような補償関数で線形化補償されることにより、タービン蒸気加減弁開度調整信号Ｓ１０として出力される。このタービン蒸気加減弁開度調整信号Ｓ１０はそのままタービン蒸気加減弁４に出力されてタービン蒸気加減弁４の開度を調整する場合と弁開度線形性補正手段２４からのタービン蒸気加減弁用の補正量信号Ｓ１１を加算された補正タービン蒸気加減弁開度調整信号Ｓ１０ｃとして出力されてタービン蒸気加減弁４の開度を調整する場合がある。補正量信号Ｓ１１の加算の要否は手動式の補正量加算スイッチ２７を切り替えることで選択される。なお、沸騰水型原子力発電所では、タービン速度が大きく上昇しない限り、通常運転中は圧力制御を優先してタービン蒸気加減弁の制御をなすようにされている。   The opening degree adjustment of the turbine steam control valve 4 by the pressure control device 5, that is, the control of the turbine inlet pressure is performed as follows. The total steam flow rate request signal S3 and the load request signal S7 are compared by the low value priority circuit (LVG) 23, and the smaller one is output as the turbine steam control valve opening command signal S8. The turbine steam control valve opening command signal S8 is linearly compensated by the above-described compensation function in the turbine steam control valve function generator (FG1) 25, whereby the turbine steam control valve opening adjustment signal S10. Is output as This turbine steam control valve opening adjustment signal S10 is output to the turbine steam control valve 4 as it is to adjust the opening of the turbine steam control valve 4 and for the turbine steam control valve from the valve opening linearity correction means 24. There is a case in which the opening degree of the turbine steam control valve 4 is adjusted by being output as the corrected turbine steam control valve opening degree adjustment signal S10c to which the correction amount signal S11 is added. The necessity of addition of the correction amount signal S11 is selected by switching the manual correction amount addition switch 27. In the boiling water nuclear power plant, unless the turbine speed is greatly increased, the pressure control is prioritized during normal operation to control the turbine steam control valve.

一方、圧力制御装置５によるタービンバイパス弁９の開度調整は以下のようにしてなされる。全蒸気流量要求信号Ｓ３とタービン蒸気加減弁開度指令信号Ｓ８との偏差からバイアス分を減算してタービンバイパス弁開度指令信号Ｓ９を生成させる。このタービンバイパス弁開度指令信号Ｓ９は、タービンバイパス弁用の関数発生器（ＦＧ２）２６にて補償関数で線形化補償されることにより、タービンバイパス弁開度調整信号Ｓ１２として出力される。このタービンバイパス弁開度調整信号Ｓ１２はそのままタービンバイパス弁９に出力されてタービンバイパス弁９の開度を調整する場合と弁開度線形性補正手段２４からのタービンバイパス弁用の補正量信号Ｓ１３を加算された補正タービンバイパス弁開度調整信号Ｓ１２ｃとして出力されてタービンバイパス弁９の開度を調整する場合がある。補正量信号Ｓ１３の加算の要否は手動式の補正量加算スイッチ２８を切替えることで選択される。タービンバイパス弁９は、以上のように制御されることから、負荷要求信号Ｓ７が全蒸気流量要求信号Ｓ３よりも小さくなった場合で、さらに全蒸気流量要求信号Ｓ３と負荷要求信号Ｓ７の偏差がバイアス以上の値になった場合、つまりタービンバイパス弁開度指令信号Ｓ９が正の値となる場合に開くことになる。   On the other hand, the opening degree adjustment of the turbine bypass valve 9 by the pressure control device 5 is performed as follows. The turbine bypass valve opening command signal S9 is generated by subtracting the bias from the deviation between the total steam flow request signal S3 and the turbine steam control valve opening command signal S8. The turbine bypass valve opening command signal S9 is linearly compensated with a compensation function by a function generator (FG2) 26 for the turbine bypass valve, and is output as a turbine bypass valve opening adjustment signal S12. The turbine bypass valve opening adjustment signal S12 is output to the turbine bypass valve 9 as it is to adjust the opening of the turbine bypass valve 9 and the turbine bypass valve correction amount signal S13 from the valve opening linearity correction means 24. May be output as a corrected turbine bypass valve opening adjustment signal S12c to adjust the opening of the turbine bypass valve 9. The necessity of addition of the correction amount signal S13 is selected by switching the manual correction amount addition switch 28. Since the turbine bypass valve 9 is controlled as described above, when the load request signal S7 is smaller than the total steam flow request signal S3, the deviation between the total steam flow request signal S3 and the load request signal S7 is further increased. When the value is equal to or greater than the bias, that is, when the turbine bypass valve opening command signal S9 is a positive value, the valve is opened.

次に、弁開度線形性補正手段２４について説明する。弁開度線形性補正手段２４は、タービン蒸気加減弁補正部とタービンバイパス弁補正部を有している。図３にタービン蒸気加減弁補正部の構成例を示す。このタービン蒸気加減弁補正部３０は、線形性補正回路３１と線形性逸脱判定回路３２を有している。線形性補正回路３１は、タービン蒸気加減弁４の開度を検出して得られるタービン蒸気加減弁開度信号Ｓ１４（またはタービン蒸気加減弁開度調整信号Ｓ１０）とタービン蒸気加減弁４における蒸気流量を検出して得られる主蒸気流量信号Ｓ１６から、タービン蒸気加減弁の開度に対するタービン蒸気加減弁における蒸気流量の関係である流量特性を取得し、その流量特性の非線形性を補正する補正量信号Ｓ１１を生成させる。具体的には、タービン蒸気加減弁開度信号Ｓ１４と主蒸気流量信号Ｓ１６で求められる曲線から逆関数を算出し、この逆関数の関数発生器２５における設定値（補償関数）に対するずれを求め、このずれから補正量信号Ｓ１１を生成させる。   Next, the valve opening degree linearity correction means 24 will be described. The valve opening linearity correction unit 24 includes a turbine steam control valve correction unit and a turbine bypass valve correction unit. FIG. 3 shows a configuration example of the turbine steam control valve correction unit. The turbine steam control valve correction unit 30 includes a linearity correction circuit 31 and a linearity deviation determination circuit 32. The linearity correction circuit 31 detects a turbine steam control valve opening signal S14 (or turbine steam control valve opening adjustment signal S10) obtained by detecting the opening of the turbine steam control valve 4 and the steam flow rate in the turbine steam control valve 4. Is obtained from the main steam flow rate signal S16 obtained by detecting the flow rate characteristic of the steam flow rate in the turbine steam control valve with respect to the opening degree of the turbine steam control valve, and a correction amount signal for correcting nonlinearity of the flow rate characteristic S11 is generated. Specifically, an inverse function is calculated from a curve obtained from the turbine steam control valve opening signal S14 and the main steam flow signal S16, and a deviation of the inverse function with respect to a set value (compensation function) in the function generator 25 is obtained. A correction amount signal S11 is generated from this deviation.

一方、線形性逸脱判定回路３２は、タービン蒸気加減弁開度信号Ｓ１４（またはタービン蒸気加減弁開度調整信号Ｓ１０）と主蒸気流量信号Ｓ１６から取得したタービン蒸気加減弁の流量特性が関数発生器２５による補償を受けた状態で線形性を逸脱しているか否かを判定し、逸脱している場合には警報を発する。具体的には、タービン蒸気加減弁開度信号Ｓ１４（またはタービン蒸気加減弁開度調整信号Ｓ１０）と主蒸気流量信号Ｓ１６から両者の関係における傾きを求め、その求めた傾きが予め設定してある傾きから逸脱している場合には線形性逸脱として警報を発する。   On the other hand, the linearity deviation determination circuit 32 is a function generator in which the flow characteristic of the turbine steam control valve obtained from the turbine steam control valve opening signal S14 (or the turbine steam control valve opening adjustment signal S10) and the main steam flow signal S16 is a function generator. It is determined whether or not the linearity is deviated in a state where the compensation by 25 is received, and an alarm is issued when deviating. Specifically, the inclination in the relationship between both is obtained from the turbine steam control valve opening signal S14 (or turbine steam control valve opening adjustment signal S10) and the main steam flow rate signal S16, and the obtained inclination is preset. When deviating from the inclination, an alarm is issued as a deviation from linearity.

補正量信号Ｓ１１をタービン蒸気加減弁開度調整信号Ｓ１０に加算するか否かは、上述のように、手動式の補正量加算スイッチ２７を切り替えることで選択される。そして補正量信号Ｓ１１の加算は、線形性逸脱判定回路３２による警報が発生された場合に、プラント運転員が線形性補正の要否を判断した上で必要とした場合に選択するのが通常である。このように線形性の補正を選択的になせるようにすることで、より実情に適した制御を行えるようになる。   Whether or not to add the correction amount signal S11 to the turbine steam control valve opening adjustment signal S10 is selected by switching the manual correction amount addition switch 27 as described above. The addition of the correction amount signal S11 is usually selected when the plant operator determines whether or not the linearity correction is necessary when an alarm is generated by the linearity deviation determination circuit 32. is there. In this way, by making it possible to selectively correct the linearity, it becomes possible to perform control more suitable for the actual situation.

ここで、タービン蒸気加減弁開度信号Ｓ１４、主蒸気流量信号Ｓ１６、タービン蒸気加減弁開度調整信号Ｓ１０は、それぞれを一次遅れのフィルタ３３とタイマ３４を通して線形性補正回路３１や線形性逸脱判定回路３２に入力させるようにしている。これは、主蒸気流量信号Ｓ１６やタービン蒸気加減弁開度信号Ｓ１４に、通常の微少変動等に起因する微小な揺らぎを生じていることから、この揺らぎを除去するためであり、このようにすることにより、線形性補正をより高い精度で行えるようになる。   Here, the turbine steam control valve opening signal S14, the main steam flow signal S16, and the turbine steam control valve opening adjustment signal S10 are respectively sent to the linearity correction circuit 31 and the linearity deviation determination through the first-order lag filter 33 and the timer 34. An input is made to the circuit 32. The reason for this is to remove the fluctuations from the normal steam flow signal S16 and the turbine steam control valve opening signal S14, which are caused by normal slight fluctuations. As a result, the linearity correction can be performed with higher accuracy.

図４にタービンバイパス弁補正部の構成例を示す。このタービンバイパス弁補正部４０は、線形性補正回路４１と線形性逸脱判定回路４２を有している。これら線形性補正回路４１と線形性逸脱判定回路４２の機能は、対象がタービンバイパス弁であり、そのためにタービンバイパス弁９の開度を検出して得られるタービンバイパス弁開度信号Ｓ１５と圧力制御装置５で得られるタービンバイパス弁開度調整信号Ｓ１２およびタービンバイパス弁９の蒸気流量を検出して得られるバイパス蒸気流量信号Ｓ１７を用いている点を除いて、タービン蒸気加減弁補正部３０における線形性補正回路３１や線形性逸脱判定回路３２におけるそれと同様である。すなわち線形性補正回路４１は、タービンバイパス弁開度信号Ｓ１５（またはタービンバイパス弁開度調整信号Ｓ１２）とバイパス蒸気流量信号Ｓ１７からタービンバイパス弁の流量特性を取得し、その流量特性の非線形性を補正する補正量信号Ｓ１３を生成させ、線形性逸脱判定回路４２は、タービンバイパス弁の流量特性が関数発生器２６による補償を受けた状態で線形性を逸脱しているか否かを判定し、逸脱している場合には警報を発する。そして補正量信号Ｓ１３のタービンバイパス弁開度調整信号Ｓ１２への加算は、タービン蒸気加減弁の場合と同様に、線形性逸脱判定回路４２による警報発生時にその要否を判断した上で必要とした場合に選択される。またフィルタ４３とタイマ４４を設けていることもタービン蒸気加減弁補正部３０におけるのと同様の目的からである。   FIG. 4 shows a configuration example of the turbine bypass valve correction unit. The turbine bypass valve correction unit 40 includes a linearity correction circuit 41 and a linearity deviation determination circuit 42. The functions of the linearity correction circuit 41 and the linearity deviation determination circuit 42 are turbine bypass valves, and the turbine bypass valve opening signal S15 and pressure control obtained by detecting the opening of the turbine bypass valve 9 for that purpose. Except for using the bypass steam flow rate signal S17 obtained by detecting the turbine bypass valve opening adjustment signal S12 obtained by the apparatus 5 and the steam flow rate of the turbine bypass valve 9, the linearity in the turbine steam control valve correction unit 30 is used. This is the same as that in the correction circuit 31 and the linearity deviation determination circuit 32. That is, the linearity correction circuit 41 acquires the flow characteristic of the turbine bypass valve from the turbine bypass valve opening signal S15 (or the turbine bypass valve opening adjustment signal S12) and the bypass steam flow signal S17, and determines the nonlinearity of the flow characteristic. The correction amount signal S13 to be corrected is generated, and the linearity deviation determination circuit 42 determines whether or not the flow characteristic of the turbine bypass valve has deviated from the linearity in a state of being compensated by the function generator 26. If it does, an alarm is issued. The addition of the correction amount signal S13 to the turbine bypass valve opening adjustment signal S12 is necessary after determining whether or not the alarm is generated by the linearity deviation determination circuit 42, as in the case of the turbine steam control valve. Selected when. The provision of the filter 43 and the timer 44 is also for the same purpose as in the turbine steam control valve correction unit 30.

以上のように、圧力制御装置に弁開度線形性補正手段を設け、この弁開度線形性補正手段にてタービン蒸気加減弁とタービンバイパス弁それぞれの流量特性における非線形性を補正できるようにしたことにより、固定的に設定されている補償関数では線形性を担保できない領域についても線形性を保たせることが可能となり、プラント起動試験時に予定していない出力範囲でもハンチングなどを招くようなことのない安定した運転を行えるようになる。   As described above, the valve opening linearity correction means is provided in the pressure control device, and the valve opening linearity correction means can correct the nonlinearity in the flow characteristics of the turbine steam control valve and the turbine bypass valve. As a result, it is possible to maintain linearity even in areas where linearity cannot be ensured with a fixed compensation function, which may lead to hunting even in the output range that is not planned during the plant start-up test. You will be able to do stable operation.

本発明は、原子力発電プラントについて、そのプラント起動試験時に予定していない出力範囲でもハンチングなどを招くようなことがない安定した運転を可能とする圧力制御を行えるようにする。したがって本発明は、原子力発電プラントの安全性をさらに一層高める技術として有効に利用することができる。   The present invention enables a nuclear power plant to perform pressure control that enables stable operation without causing hunting or the like even in an output range that is not planned during the plant start-up test. Therefore, the present invention can be effectively used as a technique for further enhancing the safety of a nuclear power plant.

一実施形態による圧力制御装置を適用した原子力発電プラントの系統図である。1 is a system diagram of a nuclear power plant to which a pressure control device according to an embodiment is applied. 一実施形態による圧力制御装置の構成例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structural example of the pressure control apparatus by one Embodiment. 圧力制御装置の弁開度線形性補正手段におけるタービン蒸気加減弁補正部の構成例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structural example of the turbine steam control valve correction | amendment part in the valve opening linearity correction | amendment means of a pressure control apparatus. 圧力制御装置の弁開度線形性補正手段におけるタービンバイパス弁補正部の構成例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structural example of the turbine bypass valve correction | amendment part in the valve opening linearity correction | amendment means of a pressure control apparatus. タービン蒸気加減弁における流量特性などの例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows examples, such as a flow characteristic in a turbine steam control valve.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 原子炉
２ 炉心
３ 主蒸気配管
４ タービン蒸気加減弁
５ 圧力制御装置
８ バイパス配管
１０ 復水器
２４ 弁開度線形性補正手段
３１ タービン蒸気加減弁用の線形補正回路
３２ タービン蒸気加減弁用の線形逸脱判定回路
３３、４３ フィルタ
３４、４４ タイマ
４１ タービンバイパス弁用の線形補正回路
４２ タービンバイパス弁用の線形逸脱判定回路
Ｓ１０ タービン蒸気加減弁開度調整信号
Ｓ１１ タービン蒸気加減弁用の補正量信号
Ｓ１２ タービンバイパス弁開度調整信号
Ｓ１３ タービンバイパス弁用の補正量信号
Ｓ１４ タービン蒸気加減弁開度信号
Ｓ１５ タービンバイパス弁開度信号
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Reactor 2 Core 3 Main steam piping 4 Turbine steam control valve 5 Pressure control device 8 Bypass piping 10 Condenser 24 Valve opening linearity correction means 31 Linear correction circuit for turbine steam control valve 32 Turbine steam control valve Linear departure determination circuit 33, 43 Filter 34, 44 Timer 41 Linear correction circuit for turbine bypass valve 42 Linear departure determination circuit for turbine bypass valve S10 Turbine steam control valve opening adjustment signal S11 Correction amount signal for turbine steam control valve S12 Turbine bypass valve opening adjustment signal S13 Turbine bypass valve correction amount signal S14 Turbine steam control valve opening signal S15 Turbine bypass valve opening signal

Claims (5)

原子炉からタービンに蒸気を送る主蒸気配管に設けられているタービン蒸気加減弁の開度をタービン蒸気加減弁開度調整信号にて調整することによりタービン入口圧力の制御をなすようにされている圧力制御装置において、
前記タービン蒸気加減弁開度調整信号を出力するタービン蒸気加減弁用の関数発生器と、前記タービン蒸気加減弁の開度を検出して得られるタービン蒸気加減弁開度信号と前記タービン蒸気加減弁における蒸気流量を検出して得られる蒸気流量信号で求められる曲線から逆関数を算出し、この逆関数の前記タービン蒸気加減弁用の関数発生器における設定値に対するずれを求め、前記ずれから、前記タービン蒸気加減弁における開度と蒸気流量の関係の非線形性を補正するタービン蒸気加減弁用の補正量を生成させる弁開度線形性補正手段とを備え、前記タービン蒸気加減弁用の補正量を前記タービン蒸気加減弁開度調整信号に加算できるようにされていることを特徴とする圧力制御装置。 The turbine inlet pressure is controlled by adjusting the opening of the turbine steam control valve provided in the main steam pipe that sends steam from the reactor to the turbine using the turbine steam control valve opening adjustment signal. In the pressure control device,
A function generator for a turbine steam control valve that outputs the turbine steam control valve opening adjustment signal, a turbine steam control valve opening signal obtained by detecting the opening of the turbine steam control valve, and the turbine steam control valve An inverse function is calculated from a curve obtained from a steam flow signal obtained by detecting the steam flow rate at, and a deviation of the inverse function with respect to a set value in the function generator for the turbine steam control valve is obtained. and a valve opening linearity correction means for generating a correction amount for a turbine steam control valve to correct the non-linearity of the relationship between the opening and the steam flow in the turbine steam control valve, a correction amount for said turbine steam control valve A pressure control apparatus characterized in that it can be added to the turbine steam control valve opening adjustment signal. 前記タービン蒸気加減弁に加えて、前記原子炉からの蒸気を前記タービンに対してバイパスさせて復水器に逃すためのバイパス配管に設けられているタービンバイパス弁の開度についても、タービンバイパス弁開度調整信号にて調整するようにされており、そして前記弁開度線形性補正手段は、前記タービンバイパス弁の開度を検出して得られるタービンバイパス弁開度信号と前記タービンバイパス弁における蒸気流量を検出して得られる蒸気流量信号とから、前記タービンバイパス弁における開度と蒸気流量の関係の非線形性を補正するタービンバイパス弁用の補正量を生成させ、このタービンバイパス弁用の補正量を前記タービンバイパス弁開度調整信号に加算できるようにされている請求項１に記載の圧力制御装置。   In addition to the turbine steam control valve, the opening degree of the turbine bypass valve provided in the bypass pipe for bypassing the steam from the reactor to the turbine and letting it escape to the condenser is also the turbine bypass valve. The valve opening degree linearity correction means adjusts with an opening degree adjusting signal, and the valve opening degree linearity correcting means detects the opening degree of the turbine bypass valve and the turbine bypass valve opening degree signal obtained by detecting the opening degree of the turbine bypass valve. From the steam flow signal obtained by detecting the steam flow, a correction amount for the turbine bypass valve that corrects nonlinearity of the relationship between the opening degree and the steam flow in the turbine bypass valve is generated, and the correction for the turbine bypass valve is performed. The pressure control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an amount can be added to the turbine bypass valve opening adjustment signal. 前記弁開度線形性補正手段は、前記タービン蒸気加減弁やタービンバイパス弁が線形性を逸脱している状態にあるか否かを判定し、逸脱している場合には警報を発することができるようにされている請求項１または請求項２に記載の圧力制御装置。   The valve opening linearity correction means can determine whether or not the turbine steam control valve and the turbine bypass valve are out of linearity, and can issue an alarm if they are out of alignment. The pressure control device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pressure control device is configured as described above. 前記タービン蒸気加減弁開度信号と前記タービンバイパス弁開度信号を、一次遅れのフィルタとタイマを通すようにされている請求項２または請求項３に記載の圧力制御装置。   The pressure control device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the turbine steam control valve opening signal and the turbine bypass valve opening signal are passed through a first-order lag filter and a timer. 前記タービン蒸気加減弁用の補正量やタービンバイパス弁用の補正量を前記タービン蒸気加減弁開度調整信号や前記タービンバイパス弁開度調整信号へ加算することの要否を選択できるようにされている請求項２〜請求項４のいずれか１項に記載の圧力制御装置。   The necessity of adding the correction amount for the turbine steam control valve or the correction amount for the turbine bypass valve to the turbine steam control valve opening adjustment signal or the turbine bypass valve opening adjustment signal can be selected. The pressure control device according to any one of claims 2 to 4.
JP2003428618A 2003-12-25 2003-12-25 Pressure control equipment in nuclear power plants. Expired - Lifetime JP4360900B2 (en)

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