JP4356472B2 - Reservoir sand discharging method and sand discharging device - Google Patents

Reservoir sand discharging method and sand discharging device Download PDF

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JP4356472B2
JP4356472B2 JP2004038454A JP2004038454A JP4356472B2 JP 4356472 B2 JP4356472 B2 JP 4356472B2 JP 2004038454 A JP2004038454 A JP 2004038454A JP 2004038454 A JP2004038454 A JP 2004038454A JP 4356472 B2 JP4356472 B2 JP 4356472B2
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敬一 西村
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IHI Corp
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本発明は、ダム湖等の貯水池に堆積した堆積土砂を浚渫してダム堤体の下流側に排出する貯水池の排砂方法及び排砂装置に関するものである。   TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a reservoir sand discharging method and a sand discharging apparatus that trap sedimentary sediment deposited in a reservoir such as a dam lake and discharge it to the downstream side of a dam body.

近年、ダムが予想を上回る速さで土砂に埋まり、総貯水量１００万立方メートル以上の中規模ダム７８２ダムのうち、４４ダムはすでに貯水池の半分以上が堆積土砂によって埋まっていることが、国土交通省の調査によって報告されている。   In recent years, dams have been buried in earth and sand at a faster rate than expected. Of the 782 dams with a total water storage capacity of more than 1 million cubic meters, 44 dams already have more than half of the reservoir filled with sediment. Reported by the Ministry's survey.

そのため、ダム湖等の貯水池の堆積土砂を排砂して、ダム建設時の貯水量に回復させることが重要な課題となっている。   For this reason, it has become an important issue to remove the sediment from sediment reservoirs such as dam lakes and restore the amount of water stored during dam construction.

そこで、従来では、台船に設けられたグラブバケットや吸引管による浚渫等、種々の排砂方法（例えば、特許文献１参照）が採用されていた。   Therefore, conventionally, various sand discharging methods (for example, refer to Patent Document 1) such as a grab bucket provided on a carriage and a dredging by a suction pipe have been adopted.

上述の排砂方法においては、貯水池の水底から浚渫された堆積土砂は、通常、湖岸に設けた土砂集積スペースに一旦集積され、所定期間放置して乾燥させた後に、ダンプ等にて搬送されるようになっている。   In the above-mentioned sand removal method, the sediments dredged from the bottom of the reservoir are usually once accumulated in a sediment accumulation space provided on the lake shore, dried for a predetermined period of time, and then transported by a dump or the like. It is like that.

特開平８−１３４５３号公報JP-A-8-13453

しかしながら、上述のように湖岸に堆積土砂を集積した後、ダンプ等にて搬送する排砂方法では、搬送効率が悪く搬送費用が高い上に、ダンプ用の道路を整備しなければならず、多大な製造コストがかかってしまう。また、景観や環境を悪化させるという問題もあった。   However, as described above, the sand discharge method in which sedimentary sediment is accumulated on the lake shore and then transported by dump or the like has a low transport efficiency and a high transport cost, and a road for dumping must be provided. Manufacturing costs. There was also a problem of deteriorating the landscape and environment.

そこで、この問題を解決するために、堆積土砂をダム堤体の下流側へ直接排出することが考えられる。しかし、この方法では、ダンプ用の道路の整備等は行わなくてもよいが、下流側の河川環境保全上、堆積土砂を排出することが制限され、排砂効率が大幅に低下してしまうといった問題は残ってしまう。   Therefore, in order to solve this problem, it is conceivable to discharge sediment sediment directly to the downstream side of the dam body. However, this method does not require the development of a road for dumping, etc., but for the river environment conservation on the downstream side, the discharge of sedimentary sediment is restricted, and the sand discharge efficiency is greatly reduced. The problem remains.

すなわち、ダムの増水時以外に堆積土砂を排出すると、下流側の河川に濁流が発生するため、雨天等によるダムの増水時にしか浚渫を行うことができず、稼働日が天候に左右され、効率的な排砂が行えない。   In other words, if sedimentary sediment is discharged at times other than when the dam is inflated, muddy flow is generated in the downstream river, so dredging can only be performed when the dam is flooded due to rainy weather, etc. Sand removal is impossible.

また、ダムの増水時に浚渫作業を行う際には、貯水池に水流が発生するため、排砂管を備えた台船や浚渫船を所定の位置に停泊させるのが困難であると共に揺れが発生するため、浚渫効率がさらに低下してしまう。   In addition, when dredging work is performed when the dam is flooded, water flows in the reservoir, which makes it difficult to moor a trolley or dredger equipped with a sand drain pipe in place and cause shaking. As a result, dredging efficiency is further reduced.

増水時以外にも浚渫するためには、堤外に堆積土砂の浄化施設を設けて、貯水池の水と同程度に浄化して流せばよいが、これでは、浄化施設の製造に多大な費用を要してしまう。   In order to drown even when the water volume is increased, it is sufficient to install a sediment purification facility outside the bank and purify it to the same level as the water in the reservoir. Resulting in.

そこで、本発明は上記問題を解決すべく創案されたものであり、その目的は、
天候に左右されない効率的な排砂を低コストで行うことができる貯水池の排砂方法及び排砂装置を提供することにある。 Therefore, the present invention was created to solve the above problems, and its purpose is as follows.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a reservoir sand discharging method and sand discharging device that can perform efficient sand discharging regardless of the weather at low cost.

上記目的を達成するために、請求項１の発明は、ダム湖等の貯水池に堆積した堆積土砂を排砂する排砂方法において、ダム堤体近傍の水底にシート状部材を敷設すると共に、そのシート状部材に土砂移送管をシート状部材の裏面側に臨んで開口するように接続し、他方、貯水池の任意の場所の堆積土砂を浚渫して、その堆積土砂を上記土砂移送管を通して上記シート状部材の裏面側に集積させておき、貯水池の貯水の放流時に集積した堆積土砂を上記土砂移送管を通してダム堤体の下流側に排出する貯水池の排砂方法である。   In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention of claim 1 is a sand removal method for discharging sediment sediment deposited in a reservoir such as a dam lake, and laying a sheet-like member on the bottom of the water near the dam body, Connect the sediment transfer pipe to the sheet-like member so as to open facing the back side of the sheet-like member, and on the other hand, trap the sediment in any place of the reservoir and pass the sediment through the sediment transport pipe to the sheet. This is a method of draining a reservoir that accumulates on the back side of the member and discharges accumulated sediment when the reservoir water is discharged to the downstream side of the dam body through the sediment transport pipe.

請求項２の発明は、上記浚渫された堆積土砂を上記ダム堤体近傍で集積する集積場所が、上記ダム堤体の越流頂から所定距離離れた位置に設けられた請求項１記載の貯水池の排砂方法である。   According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the reservoir according to the first aspect, wherein an accumulation place for accumulating the dredged sediment in the vicinity of the dam dam body is provided at a position away from a top of the dam dam body by a predetermined distance. This is the sand removal method.

請求項３の発明は、ダム湖等の貯水池に堆積した堆積土砂を排砂する排砂方法において、ダム堤体近傍の水底にシート状部材を敷設すると共に、そのシート状部材に土砂移送管をシート状部材の裏面側に臨んで開口するように接続し、他方、貯水池の任意の場所の堆積土砂を浚渫して、その堆積土砂を上記土砂移送管を通して上記シート状部材の裏面側に集積させておき、貯水池の貯水の放流時に集積した堆積土砂をダム堤体を貫通して開閉自在に形成された排砂ゲートよりダム堤体の下流側に排出する貯水池の排砂方法である。   According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a sand discharging method for discharging sand and sand accumulated in a reservoir such as a dam lake. A sheet-like member is laid on the bottom of the water near the dam body, and a sediment transfer pipe is provided on the sheet-like member. Connected so as to open toward the back side of the sheet-like member, and on the other hand, trap accumulated sediment at any location in the reservoir and accumulate the sediment on the back side of the sheet-like member through the sediment transport pipe. In this method, the sediment is collected from the reservoir when the reservoir is discharged, and the sand is discharged from the reservoir to the downstream side of the dam body through a sand gate that can be opened and closed through the dam body.

請求項４の発明は、上記浚渫された堆積土砂を上記ダム堤体近傍で集積する集積場所が、上記排砂ゲートの取込口の近傍に設けられた請求項３記載の貯水池の排砂方法である。   According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for removing sand from a reservoir according to the third aspect, wherein an accumulation place for accumulating the dredged sediment in the vicinity of the dam dam body is provided in the vicinity of the intake of the sand discharge gate. It is.

請求項５の発明は、ダム湖等の貯水池に堆積した堆積土砂を排砂する排砂装置において、貯水池の任意の場所に堆積土砂の浚渫を行う浚渫装置を設け、他方、ダム堤体近傍の水底にシート状部材を敷設すると共に、そのシート状部材に土砂移送管をシート状部材の裏面側に臨んで開口するように接続し、上記土砂移送管に上記浚渫装置より延びる上流側土砂移送管と、上記ダム堤体の下流側まで延出する下流側土砂移送管とを切換弁を介して切替自在に接続し、上記下流側土砂移送管に、上記シート状部材の裏面部の堆積土砂をダム堤体の下流側へ排出するためのポンプを接続したことを特徴とする貯水池の排砂装置である。 According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a sand removal device for discharging sedimentation sediment deposited in a reservoir such as a dam lake , wherein a dredging device for dredging sedimentation sediment is provided at an arbitrary location of the reservoir , with laying sheets over preparative shaped member in the sea bed, the sand transfer pipe connected so as to open facing the back side of the sheet-shaped member to the sheet-like member, upstream sediment extending from the dredging device to the sediment transport tube A transfer pipe and a downstream sediment transport pipe extending to the downstream side of the dam dam body are connected to each other via a switching valve so as to be switchable, and the back surface portion of the sheet-like member is deposited on the downstream sediment transport pipe. This is a reservoir sand discharger connected to a pump for discharging earth and sand to the downstream side of the dam body .

請求項６の発明は、貯水池上に浮かべられた台船と、該台船に設けられ上記土砂移送管を昇降させるウインチとを備えた請求項５記載の貯水池の排砂装置である。 A sixth aspect of the present invention is the reservoir sand removal apparatus according to the fifth aspect , further comprising: a base boat floated on the reservoir, and a winch provided on the base boat to raise and lower the sediment transport pipe .

本発明によれば、天候に左右されない効率的な排砂を低コストで行うことができるといった優れた効果を発揮する。   According to this invention, the outstanding effect that the efficient sand removal which is not influenced by the weather can be performed at low cost is exhibited.

以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態を添付図面に基づいて詳述する。   The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

図１は本発明に係る貯水池の排砂装置の好適な第一の実施の形態を示した全体断面図、図２は本発明に係る貯水池の排砂装置の配置状態を示した貯水池の平面図である。   FIG. 1 is an overall cross-sectional view showing a first preferred embodiment of a reservoir sand discharging apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of the reservoir showing an arrangement state of the reservoir sand discharging apparatus according to the present invention. It is.

図２に示すように、ダム湖等の貯水池１は、河川をダム堤体２により堰き止めて形成されている。   As shown in FIG. 2, a reservoir 1 such as a dam lake is formed by damming a river by a dam body 2.

ダム堤体２の幅方向略中間部には、雨天等による貯水の増水時に増加した貯水をダム堤体２の下流側に放流するための越流頂３が複数形成されている。越流頂３は、ダム堤体２の頂部より所定高さ低く形成されており、その上部には、排水ゲート４が開閉自在に設けられており、増水時に、排水ゲート４を開くことによって、貯水が越流頂３の上部を越流してダム堤体２の下流側に放水されるようになっている。   A plurality of overflow peaks 3 are formed in the substantially intermediate portion in the width direction of the dam dam body 2 to discharge the water increased when the water is stored due to rain or the like to the downstream side of the dam dam body 2. The overflow top 3 is formed at a predetermined height lower than the top of the dam dam body 2, and a drain gate 4 is provided on the upper portion thereof so that it can be opened and closed. The stored water flows over the upper part of the overflow head 3 and is discharged to the downstream side of the dam body 2.

図１及び図２に示すように、本実施の形態に係る貯水池の排砂装置は、ダム湖等の貯水池１に堆積した堆積土砂８を排砂するものであって、ダム堤体２近傍の水底５に土砂移送管７が裏面部に臨んで開口するように接続されたシート状部材６を敷設し、土砂移送管７を通してシート状部材６の裏面部に貯水池１の任意の場所より浚渫された堆積土砂８を集積すると共に、必要に応じて集積した堆積土砂８をダム堤体２の下流側に排出するように構成したことを特徴とする。   As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the reservoir sand discharge device according to the present embodiment discharges sedimentary sediment 8 deposited in the reservoir 1 such as a dam lake, and is located near the dam body 2. A sheet-like member 6 is laid on the bottom 5 so that the earth-and-sand transfer pipe 7 is open so as to face the back surface, and is passed through the earth-and-sand transfer pipe 7 on the back surface of the sheet-like member 6 from an arbitrary place of the reservoir 1. The accumulated sedimentation sand 8 is accumulated, and the accumulated sedimentation sand 8 is discharged to the downstream side of the dam body 2 as necessary.

シート状部材６は、十分な敷設面積を有しており、ダム堤体２近傍の水底５に敷設されている。シート状部材６は、ダム堤体の越流頂３から所定距離離れた位置に敷設されている。このシート状部材６を敷設する場所は、図２中、ハッチングにて示すように、ダム堤体２の幅方向両側部に位置し、増水時でも、越流頂３から下流側に流れる放流水流の影響を受けない位置となっている。このハッチングで示した部分が、浚渫された堆積土砂８を集積する集積場所１０となる。集積場所１０は、ある程度深く、湖岸に近い場所が好ましい。   The sheet-like member 6 has a sufficient laying area and is laid on the water bottom 5 in the vicinity of the dam dam body 2. The sheet-like member 6 is laid at a position away from the overflow top 3 of the dam dam body by a predetermined distance. The locations where this sheet-like member 6 is laid are located on both sides in the width direction of the dam body 2, as shown by hatching in FIG. The position is not affected by The hatched portion is an accumulation place 10 where the accumulated sediment 8 is accumulated. The accumulation place 10 is preferably a place deep to some extent and close to the lake shore.

シート状部材６は、不透水性或いは難透水性の布、樹脂或いはゴム等によって形成され、集積される堆積土砂８の表面に追従できる柔軟性と、水中で浮かずに沈む性質とを有している。シート状部材６は、上記布、樹脂或いはゴム等に、メッシュ状の補強材を設けて形成したものであってもよい。   The sheet-like member 6 is formed of a water-impervious or hardly water-permeable cloth, resin, rubber, or the like, and has the flexibility to follow the surface of the accumulated sediment 8 and the property of sinking without floating in water. ing. The sheet-like member 6 may be formed by providing a mesh-like reinforcing material on the cloth, resin, rubber, or the like.

シート状部材６の形状は、円形或いは多角形状とし、その直径は、１００ｍ程度に形成するのがよいが、数１０〜百数十ｍの範囲のものが使用できる。なお、シート状部材６の形状は、円形或いは多角形状に限られるものではなく、楕円形等のように中心から各周縁部までの距離が大きく異ならない形状であればよい。   The shape of the sheet-like member 6 is circular or polygonal, and the diameter thereof is preferably about 100 m, but can be in the range of several tens to hundreds of tens of meters. In addition, the shape of the sheet-like member 6 is not limited to a circular shape or a polygonal shape, and may be any shape such as an ellipse that does not greatly vary the distance from the center to each peripheral portion.

シート状部材６の敷設は、具体的には、まず、シート状部材６を、貯水池１上に浮かべた台船９に畳まれた状態で載せ、これを畳んだ状態のままで水底の目標位置上部より沈め、水中で広げて敷設する。なお、シート状部材６を水面近くで広げて、その状態で徐々に沈めるようにしてもよい。   Specifically, the sheet-like member 6 is laid out in such a manner that the sheet-like member 6 is first placed in a folded state on a trolley 9 floated on the reservoir 1, and the target position of the bottom of the water is kept in the folded state. Sink from the top and lay out underwater. The sheet-like member 6 may be spread near the water surface and gradually submerged in that state.

シート状部材６の周縁部１１には、当該シート状部材６の水流等による浮き上がりを防止するためのウエイト１２が取り付けられている。ウエイト１２は、シート状部材６の周縁部１１全周に沿って設けられたチェーン等のリング状でかつ可撓性を有するもので構成し、敷設時に、堆積土砂８の表面形状に応じて変形して、シート状部材６の周縁部１１をウエイト１２の自重で堆積土砂８に押しつけるものがよい。   A weight 12 is attached to the peripheral edge 11 of the sheet-like member 6 to prevent the sheet-like member 6 from being lifted by a water flow or the like. The weight 12 is configured by a ring-like shape such as a chain provided along the entire circumference of the peripheral edge portion 11 of the sheet-like member 6 and is flexible, and is deformed according to the surface shape of the accumulated earth and sand 8 when laid. And the thing which presses the peripheral part 11 of the sheet-like member 6 against the sediment 8 by the dead weight of the weight 12 is good.

なお、ウエイト１２の例として、チェーンをリング状にしたものを説明したが、本発明は、これに限られるものではなく、シート状部材６の周縁部１１に沿って間隔を置いて複数の錘を取り付けて構成してもよい。   In addition, although the thing which made the chain into the ring shape was demonstrated as an example of the weight 12, this invention is not restricted to this, A some weight is spaced apart along the peripheral part 11 of the sheet-like member 6. You may comprise and attach.

このシート状部材６の中央には、土砂移送穴（図示せず）が形成されいる。この土砂移送穴には、堆積土砂８を裏面部と上部との間で移送させるための土砂移送管７が接続されている。土砂移送管７は、その端部開口１４がシート状部材６の土砂移送穴を通して、シート状部材６の表面部から裏面部の水底５に臨むように接続される。   A sand transport hole (not shown) is formed in the center of the sheet-like member 6. A sediment transport pipe 7 is connected to the sediment transport hole to transport the sediment 8 between the back surface and the upper portion. The earth-and-sand transfer pipe 7 is connected so that the end opening 14 passes through the earth-and-sand transfer hole of the sheet-like member 6 and faces the bottom 5 of the back surface from the surface of the sheet-like member 6.

土砂移送管７は、可撓性のある樹脂管からなり、その直径は、排砂効率を考慮して大きいものが好ましいが、作業性を考慮して約３００〜６００ｍｍ程度のものが好ましい。なお、土砂移送管７は、樹脂管だけでなく一部鋼管を使用してもよい。   The earth and sand transfer pipe 7 is made of a flexible resin pipe, and its diameter is preferably large in consideration of sand removal efficiency, but preferably about 300 to 600 mm in consideration of workability. The earth and sand transfer pipe 7 may use not only a resin pipe but also a part of steel pipe.

この土砂移送管７の接続は、シート状部材６の敷設前に、予め接続しても、敷設後に接続しても何れでもよい。シート状部材６と土砂移送管７の接続は、土砂移送管７の先端にフランジ（図示せず）を形成しておき、またシート状部材６の土砂移送穴に予めフランジを取り付ける受け座（図示せず）を形成し、フランジをシート状部材６の受け座の上側に設置して、ボルト・ナットなどにより接続する。   The earth and sand transfer pipe 7 may be connected in advance before or after the sheet-like member 6 is laid. The sheet-like member 6 and the earth-and-sand transfer pipe 7 are connected by forming a flange (not shown) at the tip of the earth-and-sand transfer pipe 7 and attaching a flange in advance to the earth-and-sand transfer hole of the sheet-like member 6 (see FIG. (Not shown), and the flange is installed on the upper side of the seat of the sheet-like member 6 and connected by bolts and nuts.

フランジには、台船９に設けられたウインチ２１から延びる吊り下げワイヤ２２が接続されている。ウインチ２１は、吊り下げワイヤ２２を巻き付けることで土砂移送管７を上昇させ、吊り下げワイヤ２２を繰り出すことで土砂移送管７を下降させる。ウインチ２１は、シート状部材６の裏面部の堆積土砂８の集積量に応じて土砂移送管７を昇降させるようになっている。   A suspension wire 22 extending from a winch 21 provided on the carriage 9 is connected to the flange. The winch 21 raises the sediment transport pipe 7 by winding the suspension wire 22, and lowers the sediment transport pipe 7 by feeding the suspension wire 22. The winch 21 moves up and down the earth and sand transfer pipe 7 in accordance with the amount of accumulated earth and sand 8 on the back surface of the sheet-like member 6.

土砂移送管７は、台船９上に設けられた切替弁１５に接続されている、切替弁１５には、堆積土砂８の浚渫を行う浚渫装置１６側より延びる上流側土砂移送管１７と、ダム堤体２の下流側まで延出する下流側土砂移送管１８とが接続されており、切替弁１５は、土砂移送管７を、上流側土砂移送管１７と下流側土砂移送管１８とに切替自在に接続するようになっている。   The earth and sand transfer pipe 7 is connected to a switching valve 15 provided on the carriage 9. The switching valve 15 includes an upstream earth and sand transfer pipe 17 extending from the dredging device 16 side for dredging the sediment 8. A downstream sediment transport pipe 18 extending to the downstream side of the dam dam body 2 is connected, and the switching valve 15 converts the sediment transport pipe 7 into an upstream sediment transport pipe 17 and a downstream sediment transport pipe 18. It is designed to connect freely.

下流側土砂移送管１８には、例えば台船９或いはダム堤体２上（本実施の形態では台船９上）に配置したポンプ１９が接続され、そのポンプ１９により堆積土砂８及び水を吸引・圧送するようになっている。   For example, a pump 19 disposed on the base boat 9 or the dam body 2 (on the base boat 9 in the present embodiment) is connected to the downstream sediment transport pipe 18, and the sediment 19 and water are sucked by the pump 19.・ It is designed to pump.

なお、上記実施の形態では土砂移送管７が１本の場合を例に挙げて説明したが、複数本の土砂移送管７をシート状部材６に接続して堆積土砂８の集積及び排砂を行うようにしてもよい。   In the above embodiment, the case where there is one earth and sand transfer pipe 7 has been described as an example. However, accumulation and sedimentation of sedimentary earth and sand 8 are performed by connecting a plurality of earth and sand transfer pipes 7 to the sheet-like member 6. You may make it perform.

本実施の形態においては、貯水池１の任意の場所の堆積土砂８を浚渫する浚渫装置１６にも、シート状部材６を用いる。シート状部材６を用いて堆積土砂８を浚渫する方法は、本出願人が特願２００３−６１３８０号及び特願２００３−１２３９２６号にて出願したものと基本的に同等である。   In the present embodiment, the sheet-like member 6 is also used for the dredging device 16 that dredges the sediment 8 at an arbitrary location in the reservoir 1. The method of dredging the sediment 8 using the sheet-like member 6 is basically the same as that applied by the present applicant in Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2003-61380 and 2003-123926.

これを具体的に説明すると、堆積土砂８の表面に、これに沿って堆積土砂８を覆うシート状部材６を敷設し、シート状部材６の裏面部より堆積土砂８に排砂管２３の吸引口２４を臨ませて、吸引排砂する。   Specifically, a sheet-like member 6 covering the sedimentary sediment 8 is laid along the surface of the sedimentary sediment 8, and the sand discharge pipe 23 is sucked into the sedimentary sediment 8 from the back surface of the sheet-like member 6. The mouth 24 is faced, and suction sand is discharged.

シート状部材６は、上述のものと略同等の構成となっており、その周縁部１１にも、ウエイト１２が設けられている。排砂管２３は、吊り下げワイヤ２２を介してウインチ２１にて昇降自在に吊り下げられ、排砂による堆積土砂８表面の低下に応じて下降するように構成されている。また、排砂管２３は、堆積土砂８の吸引を行うためのポンプ２５も接続されている。ポンプ２５には、切替弁１５に接続される上流側土砂移送管１７が接続されている。   The sheet-like member 6 has substantially the same configuration as that described above, and a weight 12 is also provided on the peripheral edge 11 thereof. The sand discharge pipe 23 is suspended by a winch 21 via a suspension wire 22 so as to be raised and lowered, and is configured to descend in accordance with a decrease in the surface of the accumulated earth and sand 8 due to the sand removal. The sand discharge pipe 23 is also connected to a pump 25 for sucking the sediment 8. An upstream sediment transport pipe 17 connected to the switching valve 15 is connected to the pump 25.

上記方法によれば、堆積土砂８の表面を覆ってシート状部材６を敷設し、そのシート状部材６の裏面部より堆積土砂８に排砂管２３の吸引口２４を臨ませて、吸引排砂するようにしたので、シート状部材６と堆積土砂８との間に水流を作ることができ、これによる掃流作用で、堆積土砂８を広い範囲から効率的に吸引することができる。   According to the above method, the sheet-like member 6 is laid so as to cover the surface of the accumulated sediment 8, and the suction port 24 of the sand discharge pipe 23 is made to face the accumulated sediment 8 from the back surface of the sheet-like member 6. Since sand is formed, a water flow can be created between the sheet-like member 6 and the sediment earth and sand 8, and the sediment earth and sand 8 can be efficiently sucked from a wide range by the scavenging action.

次に、本実施の形態に係る貯水池の排砂方法を説明する。   Next, a method for removing sand from the reservoir according to the present embodiment will be described.

晴天時等の貯水に流れが発生していない比較的穏やかなときに、浚渫装置１６によって、貯水池の任意の場所、特に、図２の集積場所１０以外の増水時に水流が発生する部分の浚渫を行う。浚渫された堆積土砂８は、上流側土砂移送管１７を通して、切替弁１５まで移送される。   When there is no flow in the reservoir during clear weather, etc., the dredging device 16 allows the dredging device 16 to remove dredging at any place in the reservoir, particularly where the water flow is generated when the water is increased except at the accumulation place 10 in FIG. Do. The dredged sediment 8 is transferred to the switching valve 15 through the upstream sediment transfer pipe 17.

ここで切替弁１５は、上流側土砂移送管１７と土砂移送管７とが連通されるように切り替えられており、堆積土砂８が土砂移送管７を通してシート状部材６の裏面側に移送されて集積される。これと同時に、ウインチ２１にて吊り下げワイヤ２２を巻き上げ、集積される堆積土砂８の高さに応じて、土砂移送管７と共にシート状部材６の中心部を上昇させる。   Here, the switching valve 15 is switched so that the upstream sediment transport pipe 17 and the sediment transport pipe 7 communicate with each other, and the sediment 8 is transported to the back side of the sheet-like member 6 through the sediment transport pipe 7. Accumulated. At the same time, the suspension wire 22 is wound up by the winch 21 and the central portion of the sheet-like member 6 is raised together with the sediment transport pipe 7 according to the height of the accumulated sediment 8.

ところで、浚渫装置１６から流れてくる土砂流は、貯水に対する浚渫された堆積土砂８の比率は５％程度である。土砂移送管７からシート状部材６の裏面部に移送された土砂流は、堆積土砂８が所定の安息角を保持しながら略円錘状に集積すると共に、貯水はシート状部材６の周縁部１１から外側へと流出する。このとき、シート状部材６の周縁部１１にはウエイト１２が設けられているので、堆積土砂８が、シート状部材６の外側へ流出するのを極力抑えることができる。シート状部材６の周縁部１１では、送流水（土砂移送管７からシート状部材６の裏面部に移送された土砂流の水）の流出により若干の濁水が発生するが、この濁水は貯水池１の水底５で発生するだけであるので、貯水池１の表面まで昇ってくる虞は小さい。特に、貯水池１の水面から堆積土砂８を投下するのと比較すれば、濁水の発生は大幅に抑えることができる。   By the way, in the sediment flow flowing from the dredging device 16, the ratio of the sedimented sediment 8 to the stored water is about 5%. The sediment flow transferred from the sediment transport pipe 7 to the back surface of the sheet-like member 6 accumulates in a substantially conical shape while the deposited sediment 8 retains a predetermined angle of repose, and the water is stored at the periphery of the sheet-like member 6. It flows out from 11 to the outside. At this time, since the weight 12 is provided at the peripheral edge portion 11 of the sheet-like member 6, it is possible to suppress the sediment earth and sand 8 from flowing out of the sheet-like member 6 as much as possible. At the peripheral edge 11 of the sheet-like member 6, some turbid water is generated by the outflow of the feed water (the water of the earth-and-sand flow transferred from the earth-and-sand transfer pipe 7 to the back surface of the sheet-like member 6). Therefore, the possibility of rising to the surface of the reservoir 1 is small. In particular, the generation of muddy water can be significantly suppressed as compared with dropping sedimentary sediment 8 from the water surface of the reservoir 1.

浚渫される堆積土砂８が多い場合には、シート状部材６の裏面部の堆積土砂８が所定量を超えると、浚渫を一旦停止すると共に、土砂移送管７をシート状部材６から取り外し、シート状部材６は、堆積土砂８に被せたままで保持しておく。そして、図２の集積場所１０に別のシート状部材（図示せず）を敷設して、このシート状部材に土砂移送管７を接続し代えて、上述と同様の集積作業を行う。   When there is a lot of dredged sediment 8, when the sediment 8 on the back surface of the sheet-shaped member 6 exceeds a predetermined amount, the dredging is temporarily stopped and the sediment transport pipe 7 is removed from the sheet-shaped member 6, The member 6 is held while being covered with the sediment 8. Then, another sheet-like member (not shown) is laid at the accumulation place 10 in FIG. 2, and the sediment transfer pipe 7 is connected to this sheet-like member, and the same accumulation operation as described above is performed.

堆積土砂８の集積作業が終了したならば、各台船９は、集積場所１０上の水域に待機させながら、シート状部材６は、集積された堆積土砂８上に被せたままにしておく。このとき、土砂移送管７とシート状部材６は、接続したままでも取り外しておいてもよい。   When the accumulation work of the sediment earth and sand 8 is completed, each trolley 9 keeps the sheet-like member 6 covered on the accumulated sediment earth and sand 8 while waiting in the water area on the accumulation place 10. At this time, the earth and sand transfer pipe 7 and the sheet-like member 6 may be connected or removed.

雨天等により、貯水が増水して、貯水をダム堤体２の下流側に放流する際に、集積された堆積土砂８を下流側土砂移送管１８を通して、ダム堤体２の下流側へと排出する。   When the stored water increases due to rain or the like and the stored water is discharged to the downstream side of the dam body 2, the accumulated sediment 8 is discharged to the downstream side of the dam body 2 through the downstream soil transfer pipe 18. To do.

詳しくは台船９をシート状部材６の上部に移動させ、土砂移送管７をシート状部材６に接続すると共に、切替弁１５を、土砂移送管７と下流側土砂移送管１８とが連通されるように切り替える。そして、ポンプ１９を作動させて、シート状部材６の裏面部の堆積土砂８を、土砂移送管７及び下流側土砂移送管１８を通して、ダム堤体２の下流側へと排出する。   Specifically, the carriage 9 is moved to the upper part of the sheet-like member 6, the earth and sand transfer pipe 7 is connected to the sheet-like member 6, and the switching valve 15 is connected to the earth and sand transfer pipe 7 and the downstream earth and sand transfer pipe 18. Switch to Then, the pump 19 is operated to discharge the sediment 8 on the back surface of the sheet-like member 6 to the downstream side of the dam body 2 through the sediment transport pipe 7 and the downstream sediment transport pipe 18.

このとき、集積場所１０は、増水時でも水流が発生せず、比較的穏やかな場所であるので、台船９上の作業を安定した状態で行うことができると共に、台船９の揺れ等による排砂効率の低下を防止することが出来る。   At this time, the accumulation place 10 is a relatively calm place where no water flow occurs even when the water volume increases, so that the work on the trolley 9 can be performed in a stable state, and the trolley 9 can be shaken. A decrease in sand discharge efficiency can be prevented.

また、ダム堤体２の下流側の河川では、雨や貯水の放流等により既に濁流が発生しているので、そこに堆積土砂８を排出しても、環境に及ぼす影響は小さい。   Further, in the river on the downstream side of the dam body 2, turbidity has already occurred due to rain, water discharge or the like, so even if the sediment 8 is discharged there, the influence on the environment is small.

さらに、シート状部材６と堆積土砂８との間に水流を作ることができ、これによる掃流作用で、堆積土砂８をシート状部材６すべての広い範囲から効率的に吸引することができる。また、ウインチ２１によって、土砂移送管７を、堆積土砂８の集積量に応じて昇降させているので、シート状部材６の裏面部で水流が効果的に形成され、さらに排砂効率が向上する。   Furthermore, a water flow can be created between the sheet-like member 6 and the sedimentary sediment 8 and the sedimentary sediment 8 can be efficiently sucked from a wide range of all the sheet-like members 6 by the sweeping action. Moreover, since the earth and sand transfer pipe 7 is moved up and down by the winch 21 in accordance with the accumulated amount of the accumulated earth and sand 8, a water flow is effectively formed on the back surface of the sheet-like member 6, and sand removal efficiency is further improved. .

集積された堆積土砂８の排砂が終了したなら、土砂移送管７をシート状部材６から取り外し、シート状部材６は、集積場所１０の水底５に被せたままにしておく。このとき、シート状部材６の周縁部１１には、ウエイト１２が設けられているので、シート状部材６が移動してしまうことはない。なお、シート状部材６が流される可能性がある場合には、錘等を設け、水底５に固定しておくとよい。これによって、次回、堆積土砂８の浚渫を行う際には、シート状部材６の敷設作業を省略することができ、作業時間の大幅な低減が達成される。   When the accumulated sediment 8 has been discharged, the sediment transfer pipe 7 is removed from the sheet-like member 6 and the sheet-like member 6 is left on the bottom 5 of the accumulation place 10. At this time, since the weight 12 is provided at the peripheral edge portion 11 of the sheet-like member 6, the sheet-like member 6 does not move. In addition, when there is a possibility that the sheet-like member 6 is caused to flow, a weight or the like may be provided and fixed to the water bottom 5. As a result, when the sedimentation sediment 8 is dredded next time, the laying work of the sheet-like member 6 can be omitted, and the working time can be greatly reduced.

本実施の形態では、晴天時等の貯水に流れが発生していない比較的穏やかなときに、貯水池の任意の場所の堆積土砂８の浚渫を行い、増水時でも水流の発生しない集積場所１０に、堆積土砂８を一旦集積しておき、増水時に、集積された堆積土砂８を排砂するようにしたので、天候に左右されずに、貯水池１内の浚渫を行うことができると共に、下流側の河川の環境を悪化させることなく、堆積土砂８を直接下流側に排出することができる。   In the present embodiment, the sedimentation sediment 8 is dredged at an arbitrary location in the reservoir when the flow is not calm in the reservoir such as in fine weather, and the accumulation location 10 where no water flow is generated even at the time of water increase. The accumulated sediment 8 is once accumulated, and when the water is increased, the accumulated sediment 8 is discharged, so that the dredging in the reservoir 1 can be performed regardless of the weather, and the downstream side The sediment 8 can be discharged directly downstream without deteriorating the river environment.

よって、従来のように、ダム湖の湖岸に堆積土砂８の集積スペースを設けて、ダンプ等にて搬送する必要はないので、浚渫にかかる時間とコストを大幅に低減させることが可能となる。   Therefore, unlike the prior art, it is not necessary to provide a space for accumulation of sedimentary sediment 8 on the shore of the dam lake and transport it by a dump or the like, so that the time and cost required for dredging can be greatly reduced.

また、堆積土砂８をダム堤体２の下流側に排出するのに堆積土砂８を浄化させる浄化設備を設ける必要もなく、コストアップを防止できる。   Moreover, it is not necessary to provide a purification facility for purifying the sediment earth and sand 8 in order to discharge the sediment earth and sand 8 to the downstream side of the dam dam body 2, and an increase in cost can be prevented.

図３は本発明に係る貯水池の排砂装置の好適な第二の実施の形態を示した全体断面図、図４は本発明に係る貯水池の排砂装置の配置状態を示した貯水池の平面図である。   FIG. 3 is an overall cross-sectional view showing a second preferred embodiment of the reservoir sand discharging apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a plan view of the reservoir showing the arrangement of the reservoir sand discharging apparatus according to the present invention. It is.

本実施の形態に係る排砂方法は、貯水池１の任意の場所から堆積土砂８を浚渫して、ダム堤体２近傍の水底５に集積させておき、増水時に、ダム堤体２に形成された排砂ゲート３１を通して堆積土砂８を排出することを特徴とする。   In the sand discharge method according to the present embodiment, the sediment 8 is collected from an arbitrary place in the reservoir 1 and accumulated on the bottom 5 near the dam body 2 and is formed in the dam body 2 at the time of water increase. The sedimentary sediment 8 is discharged through the sand discharge gate 31.

図３に示すように、排砂ゲート３１は、ダム堤体２の幅方向略中間部に形成されており、ダム堤体２を貫通して形成された流路３２と、この流路３２の下流側端部に設けられた開閉部３３とを備えて構成されている。流路３２は、その上流側端部の取込口３６が貯水池１の水底５近傍に位置する高さに形成されている。   As shown in FIG. 3, the sand discharge gate 31 is formed at a substantially intermediate portion in the width direction of the dam dam body 2, and a flow path 32 formed through the dam dam body 2 and the flow path 32. An opening / closing part 33 provided at the downstream end is provided. The flow path 32 is formed at such a height that the intake port 36 at the upstream end thereof is located near the bottom 5 of the reservoir 1.

従来、排砂ゲート３１の設置された貯水池１は多くあるが、排砂ゲート３１を開いても排砂できる範囲は排砂管取込口３６近傍に貯まっていた土砂だけである。また、排砂ゲート３１を開けると再び閉めることができなくなる虞もあり、排砂ゲート３１は余り使用されていなかった。   Conventionally, there are many reservoirs 1 in which the sand discharge gate 31 is installed, but the range where sand can be discharged even when the sand discharge gate 31 is opened is only the earth and sand stored near the sand discharge pipe intake 36. Moreover, if the sand removal gate 31 is opened, there is a possibility that it cannot be closed again, and the sand removal gate 31 has not been used so much.

本形態によれば、排砂ゲート３１の信頼性については別途考慮する必要があるが、排砂可能な範囲に堆積土砂８を移送しておけるので、排砂ゲート３１を有効に使用することができる。   According to this embodiment, it is necessary to consider the reliability of the sand removal gate 31 separately, but since the sediment earth and sand 8 can be transferred to a range where sand removal is possible, the sand discharge gate 31 can be used effectively. it can.

本実施の形態に係る排砂装置には、上記第一の実施の形態で設けられていた下流側土砂移送管１８とポンプ１９が設けられておらず、上流側土砂移送管１７と土砂移送管７とは、開閉弁３４を介して接続されている。シート状部材６は、その周縁部１１の一部が排砂ゲート３１の流路３２の取込口３６の近傍に位置するように敷設されている。   The sand removal apparatus according to the present embodiment is not provided with the downstream sediment transport pipe 18 and the pump 19 provided in the first embodiment, but the upstream sediment transport pipe 17 and the sediment transport pipe. 7 is connected via an on-off valve 34. The sheet-like member 6 is laid so that a part of the peripheral edge portion 11 is located in the vicinity of the intake port 36 of the flow path 32 of the sand discharge gate 31.

図４に示すように、堆積土砂８が集積される集積場所３５は、排砂ゲート３１が形成されたダム堤体２の中央部近傍に設けられている。   As shown in FIG. 4, the accumulation place 35 where the sediment earth and sand 8 is accumulated is provided in the vicinity of the center of the dam dam body 2 where the sand removal gate 31 is formed.

その他の構成については、第一の実施の形態と同様であるので、同じ符号を付して説明を省略する。   Since other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted.

晴天時等の貯水に流れが発生していない比較的穏やかなときに、浚渫装置１６によって、貯水池の任意の場所、特に、図４の集積場所３５以外の増水時に水流が発生する部分の浚渫を行う。浚渫された堆積土砂８は、集積場所３５に集積しておく。このとき、堆積土砂８は土砂移送管７によって、水底５まで移送された後にシート状部材６の裏面部に集積されるので、濁水の発生を極力抑えることができる。   When there is no flow in the reservoir during clear weather, etc., the dredging device 16 allows the dredging device 16 to remove dredging at any location in the reservoir, particularly the portion where water flow is generated at the time of water increase other than the accumulation location 35 in FIG. Do. The trapped sediment 8 is accumulated in the accumulation place 35. At this time, since the accumulated sediment 8 is transferred to the bottom 5 by the sediment transfer pipe 7 and then accumulated on the back surface of the sheet-like member 6, generation of muddy water can be suppressed as much as possible.

そして、増水時にはシート状部材６を引き上げておき、排砂ゲート３１を開いて、集積された堆積土砂８をダム堤体２の下流側に排出する。   And at the time of water increase, the sheet-like member 6 is pulled up, the sand removal gate 31 is opened, and the accumulated sediment 8 is discharged to the downstream side of the dam body 2.

また、第一の実施の形態と同様に、雨や貯水の放流等により既に濁流が発生しているダム堤体２の下流側の河川に堆積土砂８を排出するので、環境に及ぼす影響は小さい。   In addition, as in the first embodiment, the sediment 8 is discharged into the river downstream of the dam dam body 2 where turbidity has already occurred due to rain, water discharge, etc., so the impact on the environment is small. .

なお、上記第一及び第二の実施の形態では、貯水池の任意の場所の浚渫は、シート状部材６を用いた浚渫装置１６にて行っているが、上記方法に限られるものではない。例えば、従来より行われていたように、台船に首振り可能に設けられた排砂管（図示せず）を用いて浚渫する方法等、他の方法であってもよい。但し、濁水を発生させずに広い範囲の堆積土砂８を効率的に浚渫できる点で、上記浚渫装置１６が優れている。   In addition, in said 1st and 2nd embodiment, the dredging of the arbitrary places of a reservoir is performed with the dredging apparatus 16 using the sheet-like member 6, However, It is not restricted to the said method. For example, as conventionally performed, other methods such as a method of dredging using a sand discharge pipe (not shown) provided on the carriage so as to be able to swing can be used. However, the dredging device 16 is excellent in that it can efficiently dredge a wide range of sediments 8 without generating muddy water.

本発明に係る貯水池の排砂装置の好適な第一の実施の形態を示した全体断面図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is the whole sectional view which showed suitable 1st embodiment of the sand removal apparatus of the reservoir which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る貯水池の排砂装置の配置状態を示した貯水池の平面図である。It is the top view of the reservoir which showed the arrangement state of the sand removal apparatus of the reservoir concerning the present invention. 本発明に係る貯水池の排砂装置の好適な第二の実施の形態を示した全体断面図である。It is the whole sectional view showing a suitable second embodiment of the sand discharging apparatus of the reservoir concerning the present invention. 本発明に係る貯水池の排砂装置の配置状態を示した貯水池の平面図である。It is the top view of the reservoir which showed the arrangement state of the sand removal apparatus of the reservoir concerning the present invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 貯水池
２ ダム堤体
３ 越流頂
５ 水底
６ シート状部材
７ 土砂移送管
８ 堆積土砂
１０ 集積場所
１６ 浚渫装置
１７ 上流側土砂移送管
１８ 下流側土砂移送管
３１ 排砂ゲート
３５ 集積場所
３６ 取込口
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Reservoir 2 Dam dam body 3 Overflow top 5 Water bottom 6 Sheet-like member 7 Sediment transfer pipe 8 Accumulated sediment 10 Accumulation place 16 Dredging device 17 Upstream sediment transport pipe 18 Downstream sediment transport pipe 31 Sand discharge gate 35 Accumulation place 36 Entrance

Claims (6)

ダム湖等の貯水池に堆積した堆積土砂を排砂する排砂方法において、ダム堤体近傍の水底にシート状部材を敷設すると共に、そのシート状部材に土砂移送管をシート状部材の裏面側に臨んで開口するように接続し、他方、貯水池の任意の場所の堆積土砂を浚渫して、その堆積土砂を上記土砂移送管を通して上記シート状部材の裏面側に集積させておき、貯水池の貯水の放流時に集積した堆積土砂を上記土砂移送管を通してダム堤体の下流側に排出することを特徴とする貯水池の排砂方法。   In the sand discharging method for discharging sediments accumulated in reservoirs such as dam lakes, a sheet-like member is laid on the bottom of the water near the dam body, and a sediment transport pipe is placed on the sheet-like member on the back side of the sheet-like member. Connected so as to open, facing the reservoir, trapping sedimentary sediment at any location in the reservoir, and accumulating the sedimentary sediment on the back side of the sheet-like member through the sediment transport pipe. A method for discharging sand in a reservoir, characterized in that sedimentary sediment accumulated at the time of discharge is discharged to the downstream side of a dam body through the sediment transport pipe. 上記浚渫された堆積土砂を上記ダム堤体近傍で集積する集積場所が、上記ダム堤体の越流頂から所定距離離れた位置に設けられた請求項１記載の貯水池の排砂方法。   The reservoir sand discharging method according to claim 1, wherein an accumulation place for accumulating the dredged sediment in the vicinity of the dam dam body is provided at a position away from a top of the dam dam body by a predetermined distance. ダム湖等の貯水池に堆積した堆積土砂を排砂する排砂方法において、ダム堤体近傍の水底にシート状部材を敷設すると共に、そのシート状部材に土砂移送管をシート状部材の裏面側に臨んで開口するように接続し、他方、貯水池の任意の場所の堆積土砂を浚渫して、その堆積土砂を上記土砂移送管を通して上記シート状部材の裏面側に集積させておき、貯水池の貯水の放流時に集積した堆積土砂をダム堤体を貫通して開閉自在に形成された排砂ゲートよりダム堤体の下流側に排出することを特徴とする貯水池の排砂方法。   In the sand discharging method for discharging sediments accumulated in reservoirs such as dam lakes, a sheet-like member is laid on the bottom of the water near the dam body, and a sediment transport pipe is placed on the sheet-like member on the back side of the sheet-like member. Connected so as to open, facing the reservoir, trapping sedimentary sediment at any location in the reservoir, and accumulating the sedimentary sediment on the back side of the sheet-like member through the sediment transport pipe. A drainage method for a reservoir, wherein sedimentary sediment accumulated at the time of discharge is discharged to a downstream side of a dam body through a sand gate that is openable and closable through a dam body. 上記浚渫された堆積土砂を上記ダム堤体近傍で集積する集積場所が、上記排砂ゲートの取込口の近傍に設けられた請求項３記載の貯水池の排砂方法。   The method of discharging sand in a reservoir according to claim 3, wherein an accumulation place for accumulating the dredged sediment in the vicinity of the dam body is provided in the vicinity of the intake of the sand discharge gate. ダム湖等の貯水池に堆積した堆積土砂を排砂する排砂装置において、貯水池の任意の場所に堆積土砂の浚渫を行う浚渫装置を設け、他方、ダム堤体近傍の水底にシート状部材を敷設すると共に、そのシート状部材に土砂移送管をシート状部材の裏面側に臨んで開口するように接続し、上記土砂移送管に上記浚渫装置より延びる上流側土砂移送管と、上記ダム堤体の下流側まで延出する下流側土砂移送管とを切換弁を介して切替自在に接続し、上記下流側土砂移送管に、上記シート状部材の裏面部の堆積土砂をダム堤体の下流側へ排出するためのポンプを接続したことを特徴とする貯水池の排砂装置。 In Haisuna apparatus for Haisuna the sediment deposited on the reservoir dam or the like, a dredging apparatus for performing dredging anywhere in sediment of reservoirs provided, while sheet over preparative shaped member to the bottom of the water of the dam near And connecting the earth-and-sand transfer pipe to the sheet-like member so as to open facing the back side of the sheet-like member, the upstream-side earth-and-sand conveying pipe extending from the dredging device to the earth-and-sand conveying pipe, and the dam dam A downstream sediment transport pipe extending to the downstream side of the body is switchably connected via a switching valve, and the sediment deposited on the back surface of the sheet-like member is connected to the downstream sediment transport pipe downstream of the dam body. Reservoir sand discharging device, characterized in that a pump for discharging to the side is connected . 貯水池上に浮かべられた台船と、該台船に設けられ上記土砂移送管を昇降させるウインチとを備えた請求項５記載の貯水池の排砂装置。 6. The reservoir sand removal apparatus according to claim 5 , further comprising: a base boat floated on the reservoir, and a winch provided on the base boat for raising and lowering the sediment transport pipe .
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