JP4352344B2 - Windmill - Google Patents

Windmill Download PDF

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JP4352344B2
JP4352344B2 JP2006542250A JP2006542250A JP4352344B2 JP 4352344 B2 JP4352344 B2 JP 4352344B2 JP 2006542250 A JP2006542250 A JP 2006542250A JP 2006542250 A JP2006542250 A JP 2006542250A JP 4352344 B2 JP4352344 B2 JP 4352344B2
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wind
blade
blades
windmill
emboss
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JPWO2006046337A1 (en
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省三 奥野
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省三 奥野
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/061—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape, e.g. aerofoil profiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/213—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the Savonius type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/32—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor with roughened surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Description

本発明は、風力発電等の動力源として用いられる風車に関する。The present invention relates to a windmill used as a power source for wind power generation or the like.

風力発電等の動源力として用いられる風車には、羽根を一定厚みの板材で形成し、風を受ける羽根の抗力をそのまま利用して回転軸を回転させる抗力利用型のものと、羽根の断面に翼状の膨らみを持たせ、風を受ける羽根の抗力を揚力に変換して利用する揚力利用型のものとがある。なお、回転軸の向きによって分類すると、回転軸を風の向きと略直角方向に向けるサポニウス型風車、パドル型風車、Ｓ形ロータ等の垂直軸型のものと、回転軸を風の向きの方向に向けるプロペラ型風車等の水平軸型のものとがある。For wind turbines used as a driving force for wind power generation, etc., the blades are made of a plate material with a constant thickness, and the type of drag is used to rotate the rotating shaft by using the drag of the blades that receive the wind as it is, and the cross section of the blades There is a lift type that uses a wing-like bulge and converts the drag of the blades that receive wind into lift. When classified according to the direction of the rotation axis, vertical axis types such as Saponius type windmills, paddle type windmills, S-type rotors, etc., in which the rotation axis is oriented substantially perpendicular to the direction of the wind, and the rotation axis as the direction of the wind Some of them are of the horizontal axis type, such as propeller type windmills.

前記抗力利用型の風車は、揚力利用型のものと較べると出力は比較的小さいが、羽根を一定厚みの板材から簡単に製造できる利点があるので、小規模の風力発電用として、街中でビルの屋上等に設置するのに適している。The drag-type windmill has a relatively small output compared to the lift-type windmill, but has the advantage that the blades can be easily manufactured from a plate having a certain thickness. It is suitable for installation on the rooftop.

一方、上述した風車の型式に関わらず、羽根の前面側に凹部を設けると、風を受ける羽根の抗力を増大させ、風車の回転効率を向上できることが知られている（例えば、特許文献１、２参照）。また、揚力利用型のプロペラ型風車では、風を切って回転する羽根の前後面に凹凸を設けると風切り音が小さくなり、風車の回転に伴う騒音を低減できることが知られている（例えば、特許文献３、４参照）。On the other hand, regardless of the type of windmill described above, it is known that providing a recess on the front side of the blade can increase the drag of the blade that receives the wind and improve the rotational efficiency of the windmill (for example, Patent Document 1, 2). In addition, in a propeller type windmill using lift, it is known that when the front and rear surfaces of the blades rotating by turning the wind are provided with unevenness, the wind noise is reduced, and the noise accompanying the rotation of the windmill can be reduced (for example, patents) References 3 and 4).

特開２００１−１９３６２８号公報JP 2001-193628 A 特開２００３−３９４５号公報JP 2003-3945 A 特開２００２−５３１７７１号公報［特許文献２］特開２００４−５２５４７号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-531771 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-52547

上述した抗力利用型の風車は、街中でビルの屋上等に設置するのに適しているが、羽根の後面側での風切り音が大きく、騒音の原因となる問題がある。また、街中ではあまり強い風を期待できないので、弱い風でも効率よく回転することが望まれる。The above-described drag-utilizing type windmill is suitable for installation on the rooftop of a building in the city, but there is a problem that the wind noise on the rear side of the blades is large and causes noise. In addition, since a strong wind cannot be expected in the city, it is desirable to rotate efficiently even in a weak wind.

そこで、本発明の課題は、弱い風でも効率よく回転し、かつ、羽根の後面側での風切り音が小さい抗力利用型の風車を提供することである。Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a drag-utilizing type windmill that rotates efficiently even in a weak wind and has a small wind noise on the rear side of the blade.

上記の課題を解決するために、本発明は、羽根が一定厚みの板材で形成され、風を受けるこれらの羽根の抗力をそのまま利用して回転軸を回転させる抗力利用型の風車において、前記羽根を形成する板材を薄肉のものとし、この薄肉の板材で形成した羽根に、風を受ける前面側に凹で、後面側に凸の多数のエンボスを設けた構成を採用した。In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a drag-use wind turbine in which the blades are formed of a plate material having a constant thickness and rotate the rotation shaft by directly using the drag force of the blades receiving wind. A thin plate material is used, and the blades made of this thin plate material are provided with a number of embossments that are concave on the front side receiving wind and convex on the rear side.

すなわち、羽根を形成する板材を薄肉のものとし、この薄肉の板材で形成した羽根に、風を受ける前面側に凹で、後面側に凸の多数のエンボスを設けることにより、前面側のエンボスの凹形状で風を受ける羽根の抗力を増大させて、弱い風でも効率よく回転可能とするとともに、後面側のエンボスの凸形状とその他の部分との間で形成される凹凸によって、羽根の後面側での風切り音を小さくできるようにした。In other words, the blade material forming the blades is thin, and the blades formed of this thin plate material are provided with a number of embossments that are concave on the front side that receives the wind and convex on the rear side. By increasing the drag of the blade that receives the wind with a concave shape, it can rotate efficiently even with a weak wind, and the rear surface side of the blade by the unevenness formed between the convex shape of the embossment on the rear surface side and other parts The wind noise at can be reduced.

前記羽根を形成する板材を金属板とし、前記エンボスをエンボス加工で形成することにより、プレス等を用いて、羽根を安価で簡単に製造することができる。By using a metal plate as the plate material forming the blades and forming the embossing by embossing, the blades can be easily manufactured at low cost using a press or the like.

前記エンボスを球面エンボスとすることにより、羽根の後面側での風切り抵抗を少なくし、風切り音をより小さくすることができる。By making the embossing into a spherical embossing, the wind cutting resistance on the rear surface side of the blade can be reduced, and the wind noise can be further reduced.

前記エンボスを千鳥状の配列で設けることにより、羽根の剛性を高めることができる。By providing the embosses in a staggered arrangement, the rigidity of the blades can be increased.

前記エンボスの高さは３〜８ｍｍとするのが好ましい。エンボスの高さが３ｍｍ未満では、羽根の前面側の凹形状による抗力の増大効果が少なく、８ｍｍを超えると、羽根の後面側での凹凸が大きくなり過ぎて、風切り音が増大傾向となるからである。The height of the emboss is preferably 3 to 8 mm. When the height of the emboss is less than 3 mm, the effect of increasing the drag due to the concave shape on the front surface side of the blade is small, and when it exceeds 8 mm, the unevenness on the rear surface side of the blade becomes too large and wind noise tends to increase. It is.

本発明の風車は、抗力利用型のものを対象として、羽根を形成する板材を薄肉のものとし、この薄肉の板材で形成した羽根に、風を受ける前面側に凹で、後面側に凸の多数のエンボスを設けたので、前面側のエンボスの凹形状で風を受ける羽根の抗力を増大させて、弱い風でも効率よく回転させることができるとともに、後面側のエンボスの凸形状とその他の部分との間で形成される凹凸によって、羽根の後面側での風切り音を小さくすることができる。The windmill of the present invention is intended for a drag-utilizing type, and the plate material forming the blades is thin, and the blades formed of this thin plate material are concave on the front side receiving the wind and convex on the rear side. Since a large number of embosses are provided, the frontal embossed concave shape increases the drag of the blades that receive wind, allowing it to rotate efficiently even in weak winds, and the rear side embossed convex shape and other parts The wind noise on the rear side of the blade can be reduced by the unevenness formed between the blade and the blade.

前記羽根を形成する板材を金属板とし、前記エンボスをエンボス加工で形成することにより、プレス等を用いて、羽根を安価で簡単に製造することができる。By using a metal plate as the plate material forming the blades and forming the embossing by embossing, the blades can be easily manufactured at low cost using a press or the like.

前記エンボスを球面エンボスとすることにより、羽根の後面側での風切り抵抗を少なくし、風切り音をより小さくすることができる。By making the embossing into a spherical embossing, the wind cutting resistance on the rear surface side of the blade can be reduced, and the wind noise can be further reduced.

前記エンボスを千鳥状の配列で設けることにより、羽根の剛性を高めることができる。
［発明を実現するための最良の形態］By providing the embosses in a staggered arrangement, the rigidity of the blades can be increased.
[Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention]

以下、図面に基づき、この発明の実施形態を説明する。図１乃至図３は、第１の実施形態を示す。この風車は抗力利用型のサポニウス型風車であり、図１および図２に示すように、風の向きと略直角方向に向けられる垂直軸１に取り付けた上下の端板２ａ、２ｂの間に、風を受ける前面側へ凹状に湾曲する半円筒状の２枚の羽根３を、中心をずらして互いに向かい合わせるように取り付けたものである。なお、上下の端板２ａ、２ｂは、各羽根３の両端部に取り付けられた垂直枠４と、補強用の２本の垂直棒５で連結されている。Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 to 3 show a first embodiment. This windmill is a drag-powered Saponius-type windmill, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, between upper and lower end plates 2a and 2b attached to a vertical shaft 1 oriented in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the wind, Two semi-cylindrical blades 3 curved in a concave shape toward the front side receiving the wind are attached so as to face each other with the center shifted. The upper and lower end plates 2a and 2b are connected to each other by vertical frames 4 attached to both ends of each blade 3 and two vertical bars 5 for reinforcement.

前記各羽根３はアルミニウム合金製の薄板で形成され、図２中に矢印Ａで示す風を受ける前面側に凹で、後面側に凸の多数の球面エンボス６が設けられており、後面側はこれらのエンボス６部分とその他の部分とによって凹凸が形成されている。この風車は垂直軸１の回りに矢印Ｂの方向へ回転するが、羽根３の前面側で風を受けるときに、エンボス６の凹形状で羽根３の抗力が増大して弱い風でも回転するとともに、羽根３の後面側で風を切るときに、その凹凸によって風切り音を小さくすることができる。Each blade 3 is formed of a thin plate made of an aluminum alloy, and is provided with a plurality of spherical embosses 6 that are concave on the front side that receives the wind indicated by arrow A in FIG. Unevenness is formed by these embossed 6 portions and other portions. This windmill rotates around the vertical axis 1 in the direction of arrow B. When receiving wind on the front side of the blade 3, the concave shape of the emboss 6 increases the drag of the blade 3 and rotates even in weak wind. When the wind is cut on the rear surface side of the blade 3, the wind noise can be reduced by the unevenness.

前記エンボス６はプレスを用いたエンボス加工で形成したものであり、その高さは約５ｍｍとされている。また、図３に示すように、エンボス６は千鳥状に配列されており、薄肉で表面積の大きい羽根３の剛性が確保されるようになっている。The emboss 6 is formed by embossing using a press, and its height is about 5 mm. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the embosses 6 are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the rigidity of the blades 3 having a small wall thickness and a large surface area is ensured.

図４および図５は、第２の実施形態を示す。この風車は抗力利用型のパドル型風車であり、垂直軸７の周りに９０°の位相で、風を受ける前面側へ凹状に湾曲する半円筒状の４枚の羽根８を支持棒９で取り付けたものである。各羽根８の上下端には、上下への風の逃げを防止する端板１０が取り付けられている。4 and 5 show a second embodiment. This windmill is a drag-type paddle type windmill, and is attached with four support rods 9 with four semi-cylindrical blades 8 curved in a concave shape toward the front side receiving wind at a phase of 90 ° around the vertical axis 7. It is a thing. End plates 10 are attached to the upper and lower ends of each blade 8 to prevent upward and downward wind escape.

前記各羽根８は、第１の実施形態のものと同様に、アルミニウム合金製の薄板で形成され、図５中に矢印Ａで示す風を受ける前面側に凹で、後面側に凸の多数の球面エンボス１１が設けられており、後面側はこれらのエンボス１１部分とその他の部分とによって凹凸が形成されている。また、このエンボス１１も、エンボス加工で形成されており、その高さは約５ｍｍとされ、千鳥状に配列されている。Each of the blades 8 is formed of an aluminum alloy thin plate as in the first embodiment, and is concave on the front side receiving the wind indicated by arrow A in FIG. A spherical emboss 11 is provided, and the rear surface side is formed with irregularities by these emboss 11 portions and other portions. The emboss 11 is also formed by embossing, the height is about 5 mm, and the emboss 11 is arranged in a staggered pattern.

この風車は垂直軸７の回りに図５中の矢印Ｂの方向へ回転するが、羽根８の前面側で風を受けるときに、エンボス１１の凹形状で羽根８の抗力が増大して弱い風でも回転するとともに、羽根８の後面側で風を切るときに、その凹凸によって風切り音を小さくすることができる。This windmill rotates around the vertical axis 7 in the direction of arrow B in FIG. 5, but when receiving wind on the front side of the blade 8, the concave shape of the emboss 11 increases the drag of the blade 8 and weak wind. However, while rotating, the wind noise can be reduced by the unevenness when the wind is cut on the rear surface side of the blade 8.

図６および図７は、第３の実施形態を示す。この風車は抗力利用型のプロペラ型風車であり、水平軸１２の周りに１２０°の位相で、風を傾斜面で受ける３枚の羽根１３を支持棒１４で取り付けたものである。この羽根１３も、第１の実施形態のものと同様に、アルミニウム合金製の薄板で形成され、図６および図７中に矢印Ａで示す風を受ける前面側に凹で、後面側に凸の多数の球面エンボス１５が設けられており、後面側はこれらのエンボス１５部分とその他の部分とによって凹凸が形成されている。また、このエンボス１５もエンボス加工で成形され、千鳥状に配列されている。6 and 7 show a third embodiment. This windmill is a propeller type windmill using a drag force, and has three blades 13 that receive wind at an inclined surface around a horizontal axis 12 with a support rod 14 at a phase of 120 °. This blade 13 is also formed of a thin plate made of an aluminum alloy as in the first embodiment, and is concave on the front side receiving the wind indicated by arrow A in FIGS. 6 and 7 and convex on the rear side. A large number of spherical embosses 15 are provided, and unevenness is formed on the rear surface side by these embossed 15 portions and other portions. The embosses 15 are also formed by embossing and arranged in a staggered pattern.

上述した実施形態では、各風車の羽根をアルミニウム合金製の薄板で形成し、球面エンボスをエンボス加工で成形したが、羽根は他の金属板やプラスチック板で形成してもよく、プラスチック板で形成する場合は、エンボスを射出成形で成形することもできる。なお、エンボスは球面エンボスに限定されることはなく、任意の形状のものとすることができる。In the above-described embodiment, the blades of each windmill are formed of a thin plate made of aluminum alloy and the spherical emboss is formed by embossing. However, the blades may be formed of other metal plates or plastic plates, or formed of plastic plates. If so, the emboss can be formed by injection molding. Note that the embossing is not limited to the spherical embossing and can be of any shape.

第１の実施形態の風車を示す外観斜視図External perspective view showing the wind turbine of the first embodiment 図１の横断平面図Cross-sectional plan view of FIG. 図１の羽根を拡大して示す一部省略正面図FIG. 1 is a partially omitted front view showing the blade of FIG. 第２の実施形態の風車を示す外観斜視図External appearance perspective view which shows the windmill of 2nd Embodiment 図４の横断平面図Cross-sectional plan view of FIG. 第３の実施形態の風車を示す外観斜視図External perspective view showing a wind turbine according to a third embodiment 図６の羽根の断面図Sectional view of the blade of FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 垂直軸
２ａ、２ｂ 端板
３ 羽根
４ 垂直枠
５ 垂直棒
６ エンボス
７ 垂直軸
８ 羽根
９ 支持棒
１０ 端板
１１ エンボス
１２ 水平軸
１３ 羽根
１４ 支持棒
１５ エンボスDESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vertical shaft 2a, 2b End plate 3 Blade 4 Vertical frame 5 Vertical bar 6 Emboss 7 Vertical shaft 8 Blade 9 Support rod 10 End plate 11 Emboss 12 Horizontal shaft 13 Blade 14 Support rod 15 Emboss

Claims (4)

羽根が一定厚みの板材で形成され、風を受けるこれらの羽根の抗力をそのまま利用して回転軸を回転させる抗力利用型の風車において、前記羽根を形成する板材を薄肉のものとし、この薄肉の板材で形成した羽根に、風を受ける前面側に凹で、後面側に凸の多数のエンボスを設け、このエンボスの高さを３〜８ｍｍとして、前記後面側のエンボスの凸形状とその他の部分との間で形成される凹凸によって、前記羽根の後面側での風切り音を小さくしたことを特徴とする風車。In the wind turbine of the drag utilization type in which the blade is formed of a plate material having a certain thickness and rotates the rotating shaft by directly using the drag force of the blade receiving the wind, the plate material forming the blade is thin, A blade formed of a plate material is provided with a number of embossments that are concave on the front side for receiving wind and convex on the rear side, and the height of the emboss is set to 3 to 8 mm. A windmill in which wind noise on the rear side of the blades is reduced by the unevenness formed between the blades . 前記羽根を形成する板材を金属板とし、前記エンボスをエンボス加工で形成した請求項１に記載の風車。  The windmill according to claim 1, wherein the plate material forming the blades is a metal plate, and the embossing is formed by embossing. 前記エンボスを球面エンボスとした請求項１または２に記載の風車。  The windmill according to claim 1, wherein the emboss is a spherical emboss. 前記エンボスを千鳥状の配列で設けた請求項１乃至３のいずれかに記載の風車。  The windmill according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the embosses are provided in a staggered arrangement.
JP2006542250A 2004-10-29 2005-07-08 Windmill Expired - Fee Related JP4352344B2 (en)

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