JP4344703B2 - Weir for hydroelectric power generation - Google Patents
Weir for hydroelectric power generation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4344703B2 JP4344703B2 JP2005007673A JP2005007673A JP4344703B2 JP 4344703 B2 JP4344703 B2 JP 4344703B2 JP 2005007673 A JP2005007673 A JP 2005007673A JP 2005007673 A JP2005007673 A JP 2005007673A JP 4344703 B2 JP4344703 B2 JP 4344703B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- dam
- water
- intake
- hydroelectric power
- power generation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Landscapes
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
Description
この発明は、河川の上流の取水口から発電所まで水が引かれる水路式水力発電用の堰堤に関する。 The present invention relates to a weir for waterway hydroelectric power generation in which water is drawn from a water intake upstream of a river to a power plant.
日本では現在使用電力量は大幅に増加し、さらに増加し続けるものと予想されている。しかし、エネルギー源として主に使用されている石油や石炭などの化石燃料の大量消費は、二酸化炭素の発生が伴い地球温暖化を加速させるし、原子力発電は安全性が問われている。しかも、これらの資源は輸入に頼る必要があるのに対して、水力発電は、二酸化炭素を発生させることなく、日本で賄えるクリーンなエネルギーであり、環境保全と安全性から重要な役割を担っている。 In Japan, the amount of electricity used is now increasing significantly and is expected to continue to increase. However, mass consumption of fossil fuels such as oil and coal, which are mainly used as energy sources, accelerates global warming with the generation of carbon dioxide, and nuclear power generation is required to be safe. Moreover, while these resources need to rely on imports, hydropower is clean energy that can be covered in Japan without generating carbon dioxide, and plays an important role in terms of environmental protection and safety. Yes.
つまり、水力発電は、山々に囲まれた地形と水に恵まれた自然環境から考えて、資源の少ない日本の貴重な純国産エネルギーであるといえる。しかも、水力発電は、他の電源と比較して「非常に短い時間で発電開始（３〜５分）が可能であること」、「電力需要の変化に素早く出力調整が可能であること」、という特徴を有しているために、他の電源の省エネに貢献することにもなる。 In other words, hydroelectric power generation can be said to be Japan's precious domestically produced energy with little resources, considering the topography surrounded by mountains and the natural environment blessed with water. Moreover, compared to other power sources, hydroelectric power generation "can start power generation in a very short time (3-5 minutes)", "can quickly adjust output to changes in power demand", Therefore, it contributes to the energy saving of other power sources.
現在では、大規模発電に適した地点の建設がほぼ完了し、２１世紀は中小規模の発電所の開発が中心となる。その開発可能な一般水力発電所は、約２，７００ヵ所、１，２００万キロワットあると考えられている。中小規模といっても、その平均的な出力は約４，５００キロワットで、この規模の水力発電所は４人家族で約５，０００世帯もの電気を賄うことができる。また、この電力を利用した村おこし、町おこしも注目されている。 At present, the construction of a site suitable for large-scale power generation is almost completed, and in the 21st century, the development of medium- and small-scale power plants will be the center. The number of general hydropower plants that can be developed is considered to be about 2,700, 12 million kilowatts. Even if it is small and medium-sized, its average output is about 4,500 kilowatts, and a hydroelectric power plant of this scale can cover about 5,000 households with a family of four. Also, village and town revitalization using this electric power is attracting attention.
水力発電の形式を構造面で分類すると次の通りである。
（１）「ダム式」 ダムにより河川をせき止め池を作り、ダム直下の発電所との落差を利用して発電する方式である。これはダムによる水没が広範に及ぶことから、自然破壊の問題が生じるだけでなくダム建設に膨大なコストがかかる。大量の電力が得られることから、適正地がほゞ開発され、残っていても環境問題から建設が困難な状態である。
（２）「水路式」 川の上流に低い堰堤を作って水を取り入れ、山中を抜ける長い隋道式導水路により落差が得られるところまで水を導き発電する方式である。この場合、堰堤は、上流から流れてくる水を誘導堰により取入口にそのまま流れ込ませるものと、小規模に塞き止めるものとがある。いずれにしても小規模であるので、大量の水を池として溜める大型ダムの建設とは異なって、ダム建設に伴う水没や環境破壊の問題は生じない。
The types of hydroelectric power generation are classified in terms of structure as follows.
(1) “Dam-type” This is a system that uses a dam to create a dammed pond and uses the head of the power plant directly below the dam to generate electricity. This is because of the extensive submergence caused by the dam, which not only causes the problem of natural destruction, but also entails a huge cost for dam construction. Since a large amount of electricity can be obtained, a suitable land has been developed, and even if it remains, construction is difficult due to environmental problems.
(2) “Waterway type” This is a method of generating electricity by making a low dam upstream from the river and taking in water, and leading the water to a place where a head can be obtained by a long waterway way through the mountains. In this case, there are two types of dams: one that allows water flowing from the upstream to flow into the intake through the induction weir, and the other that blocks water on a small scale. In any case, since it is small, unlike the construction of a large dam that collects a large amount of water as a pond, there will be no problem of submergence or environmental destruction associated with the construction of the dam.
しかし、水の取入口が川底に近い高さに開口されているため、殊に雨期において流れの水量が多くなる時に取入口から土砂が流入し、これが発電機のスクリューを磨耗させる等の不都合を招くことになる。多くの場合、取入口の近くには沈殿池が設けられ、土砂を沈下させた水が利用されるが、雨期ともなると渦流の発生を伴って水の濁りを取ることは非常に困難な事となるだけでなく、沈殿池の土砂の排出に多大なコストが掛かることになる。 However, since the water intake is opened at a height close to the riverbed, especially when the amount of water flowing increases during the rainy season, sediment flows in from the intake, which causes problems such as wear of the generator screws. Will be invited. In many cases, a sedimentation basin is provided near the intake, and water that sinks earth and sand is used, but it is very difficult to remove water turbidity with the generation of vortex during the rainy season. Not only that, it will be very expensive to discharge sediment from the sedimentation basin.
また、大洪水ともなると、土砂ばかりでなく、岩石が水の勢いで下流に向かって流れ、倒木、倒木の枝等の夾雑物が漂流し、それらで取入口が塞がれ発電に支障が生じるトラブルを招くことすらある。 In addition, in the event of a major flood, not only earth and sand, but also rocks flow downstream with the power of water, and foreign objects such as fallen trees and fallen tree drifts, blocking the intake and causing problems in power generation. It can even cause trouble.
（３）「ダム水路式」 ダム式と水路式とを組み合わせた発電方式で、両者の特性を兼ね備えた地点に適している。各々単独方式とした場合に比べて、より大きな落差を得ることが可能となるが、（１）、（２）と同じ問題が生じることになる。 (3) “Dam waterway type” This is a power generation system that combines a dam type and a waterway type, and is suitable for points that combine the characteristics of both. Although it is possible to obtain a larger head than in the case where each is a single method, the same problem as in (1) and (2) occurs.
この発明は、上記のような実情に鑑みて、水力発電所への水の取入口に土砂やゴミが流入し難くなり、また、洪水があっても岩石や雑没等で取入口が塞がれない水路式水力発電用の堰堤を提供することを課題とした。 In view of the above situation, the present invention makes it difficult for soil and dirt to flow into the water intake to the hydroelectric power plant, and even if there is a flood, the intake is blocked by rocks or stagnation. It was an issue to provide a dam for waterway hydroelectric power generation.
上記の課題を解決するために、この発明は、河川の上流に、その河川の水を一次的に受ける本堰堤とその下流で二次的に受ける副堰堤とを築造して、本堰堤と副堰堤とで川幅を塞き止めてその間に小池を設け、小池に水力発電所への水の取入口を開口し、取入口から引かれる導水路と水力発電所への導水路との間に沈殿池を設けたことを特徴とする水路式水力発電用の堰堤において、小池の両岸に設けた護岸側壁のうち、取入口を設けた側の護岸側壁に、取入口よりも上流側の位置において、上記本堰提からの下流水を受ける横壁を突設したことを特徴とする水路式水力発電用の堰堤を提供する。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention constructs a main dam that receives the river water primarily and a secondary dam that receives the water downstream from the river upstream. Block the river width with a dam, create a small pond between them, open a water intake to the hydroelectric power station in the pond, and settle between the waterway drawn from the intake and the waterway to the hydropower station Oite the dam for water channel hydropower, characterized in that a pond of revetment sidewalls provided on both sides of the Koike, taken in revetment side wall of the side provided with the inlet, than inlet of the upstream A dam for a hydroelectric hydroelectric power generation system is provided, characterized in that a horizontal wall that receives downstream water from the main dam is projected.
水路式水力発電用の堰堤を上記のように構成したから、本堰堤により一時的に川の流れが抑制されるので、本堰堤と副堰堤との間の小池の水が沈静化する結果、通常の天候の状態では、取入口に土砂の混ざらない清い水が流入し、沈殿池を経て良質の水が水力発電所に供給される。また、洪水があって上流から岩石や流木が流れ込んできたとしても、それが本堰堤や横壁によって止められるため、取入口が塞がれることはない。
Since the weir for hydroelectric power generation was constructed as described above, the flow of the river is temporarily suppressed by the main dam, and as a result, the water in the small pond between the main dam and the sub dam is calmed. Under the weather conditions, clean water without soil and sand flows into the intake, and good quality water is supplied to the hydroelectric power plant through the sedimentation basin. In addition, even if there is a flood and rocks and driftwood flow from the upstream, the intake is not blocked because it is stopped by this dam and the side wall .
以上説明したように、この発明の水路式水力発電用の堰堤によれば、水力発電所への水の取入口に土砂やゴミが流入し難くなるため、水路式水力発電所の管理保全が容易となり、また、洪水があっても岩石や雑木等で取入口が塞がれないので、トラブルなく電力を安定して供給するのに適するという優れた効果がある。 As described above, according to the weir for hydroelectric power generation according to the present invention, it is difficult for soil and dirt to flow into the water intake to the hydroelectric power plant, so management and maintenance of the hydroelectric hydropower plant is easy. In addition, even if there is a flood, the intake is not blocked by rocks, miscellaneous trees, etc., so that it has an excellent effect that it is suitable for stably supplying power without trouble.
次に、この発明の実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。 Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
水路式水力発電用の堰堤は、河川１の上流に、本堰堤２を副堰堤３とを併設し、その両堰堤２，３の間に水力発電所への水の取入口７が開口する小池４が造られる。小池４の両側には護岸側壁５，５が築造され、その一方にヒューム管を埋設して取入口７，７が一対において開口される。また、取入口７の近傍に沈殿池９を設け、取入口７から沈殿池９まで両取入口７，７が合体した導水路１１が設けられる。なお、両堰堤２，３の上端には幅中央部が切り欠くように低くなる水の落下口１０，１２を設けてある。 The dam for hydroelectric power generation is a small pond in which the main dam 2 and the sub dam 3 are provided upstream of the river 1 and a water intake 7 to the hydroelectric power station is opened between the two dams 2 and 3. 4 is made. Revetment side walls 5 and 5 are constructed on both sides of the small pond 4, and a fume pipe is buried in one of them and intakes 7 and 7 are opened in a pair. In addition, a settling basin 9 is provided in the vicinity of the intake 7, and a water conduit 11 in which both the intakes 7 and 7 are combined is provided from the intake 7 to the settling basin 9. In addition, at the upper ends of the two dams 2 and 3, there are provided water dropping ports 10 and 12 that are lowered so that the central portion of the width is notched.
本堰堤２は、副堰堤３よりも高く大型に築造される。したがって、ダムとは格段に規模が小さいけれでも、ある程度の貯水が可能となっている。しかし、副堰堤３の高さＨに対しそれよりも低い位置と高い位置とに通水孔１３，１４が設けられているので、本堰堤２による通常の最高水位Ｐは、小池４の最高水位Ｐａよりもやゝ高くなる程度である。洪水の際には落下口１０の高さとなることもあるが、岩石の小池４への流入が塞がれることはもちろん、雑木であっても通水孔１３，１４への水の吸引力（渦流）が伴って小池４への流入が塞がれる。 The main dam 2 is built larger than the sub dam 3 in a large size. Therefore, even if the dam is much smaller, it can store water to some extent. However, since the water holes 13 and 14 are provided at positions lower and higher than the height H of the sub dam 3, the normal maximum water level P by the main dam 2 is the maximum water level of the pond 4. It is only a little higher than Pa. In the event of a flood, the drop 10 may be at a height, but the inflow of the rock into the small pond 4 is blocked, and even if it is a miscellaneous tree, the water suction force ( Inflow to the small pond 4 is blocked with the eddy current.
副堰堤３は、本堰堤２から排水された水を取入口７に導くために塞き止めるためのもので、本堰堤２よりも低く形成され、これにも幅中央部に落下口１２の下には、落下水で窪穴が掘られる不都合を防止するため、岩石を削ったりコンクリートで造ったブロックを敷き詰めた水叩き１９が設けられている。
The secondary dam 3 is used to block the water drained from the main dam 2 so as to guide the water to the inlet 7, and is formed lower than the main dam 2, and also below the drop port 12 in the center of the width. In order to prevent the inconvenience that a pit is dug with falling water, a water hammer 19 is provided in which blocks made of rock or concrete are spread.
取入口７は一個であっても良いが、複数設けることが望ましい。これで仮に一つが塞がれた時でも水の供給を確保することができる。この場合、二つの取入口７，７が導水路１１に合流して沈殿池９に導かれ、沈殿池９から水力発電所へ圧力管の導水路２１が設けられている。図示の如く、取入口７から沈殿池９までの導水路１１が幅広くしてあると、沈殿池９での水の沈静化が促進される結果、導水管２１に土砂が含まれない良質な水が供給されることになる。なお、沈殿池９は、副堰堤３よりもやゝ下流側の位置において山側にできるだけ寄った位置に造られるが、河川１の縁辺であるので排砂には好都合である。 One intake port 7 may be provided, but it is desirable to provide a plurality of intake ports 7. This ensures the water supply even when one is blocked. In this case, the two intakes 7 and 7 merge with the water conduit 11 and are guided to the settling basin 9, and a water conduit 21 of a pressure pipe is provided from the sedimentation basin 9 to the hydroelectric power station. As shown in the drawing, when the water conduit 11 from the intake 7 to the sedimentation basin 9 is wide, the water calming in the sedimentation basin 9 is promoted, and as a result, good quality water that does not contain earth and sand in the water conduit 21. Will be supplied. The sedimentation basin 9 is constructed at a position as close as possible to the mountain side at a position slightly downstream of the sub dam 3 from the sub dam 3. However, since it is an edge of the river 1, it is convenient for sand discharge.
また、取入口７に土砂の流入をさらに阻止するために、取入口７のやゝ上手にその側の護岸側壁５から横へ出る横壁２３が設けられる。こうすれば、本堰堤２から流れくる水が横壁２３で迂回して取入口７に流入するために、迂回中に土砂が沈下することにより取入口７への流入が避けられる。しかも、護岸側壁５の補強となり、取入口７を設けたことによる護岸側壁５の弱体化を防止できることになる。 Further, in order to further prevent the inflow of earth and sand into the intake port 7, a lateral wall 23 that extends laterally from the revetment side wall 5 on the side of the intake port 7 is provided at the top of the inlet 7. In this way, the water flowing from the main dam 2 bypasses the horizontal wall 23 and flows into the intake port 7, so that the inflow into the intake port 7 can be avoided by sedimentation during the detour. And it becomes reinforcement of the revetment side wall 5, and the weakening of the revetment side wall 5 by having provided the inlet 7 can be prevented.
ところで、一般的に、取入口または沈殿池から引かれる導水路には、圧力管またはコンクリート溝が使用され、立地条件から普通には険しい山間部を通過して敷設されるが、例えばトンネル工事に予期しないトラブルや障害に遭遇する等の難工事となる。そこで、この出願人においては、ほゞ河川に沿って、あるいは道路に沿って圧力管を配管する工法を開発した。また、この場合でも、取入口の付近の水面の水圧をそのまま水力発電所の発電機の駆動に利用する開発（仮に圧力管内ダム式と称する）にも成功したが、本発明をこの圧力管内ダム式にも有効に利用することもできる。 By the way, in general, a pressure pipe or a concrete ditch is used for a water conduit drawn from an intake or a sedimentation basin, and is usually laid through a steep mountainous area depending on the site conditions. It becomes difficult construction such as encountering unexpected troubles and obstacles. Therefore, the applicant has developed a method of piping a pressure pipe along a river or along a road. Even in this case, the development of using the water pressure of the water surface near the intake as it is for driving the generator of the hydroelectric power plant (simply referred to as a pressure pipe dam type) has been successful. It can also be used effectively in formulas.
１ 河川
２ 本堰堤
３ 副堰堤
４ 小池
５ 護岸側壁
７ 取入口
９ 沈殿池
１１ 導水路
１３ 通水孔
２３ 横壁
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 River 2 Main dam 3 Sub dam 4 Koike 5 Revetment side wall 7 Inlet 9 Sedimentation basin 11 Waterway 13 Water passage 23 Side wall
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005007673A JP4344703B2 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2005-01-14 | Weir for hydroelectric power generation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005007673A JP4344703B2 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2005-01-14 | Weir for hydroelectric power generation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2006193994A JP2006193994A (en) | 2006-07-27 |
| JP4344703B2 true JP4344703B2 (en) | 2009-10-14 |
Family
ID=36800291
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005007673A Expired - Fee Related JP4344703B2 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2005-01-14 | Weir for hydroelectric power generation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4344703B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110258471A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-09-20 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Riverbed water intaking mouth structure for the water intaking of power station forward direction |
| CN112962772A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-15 | 北京雨人润科生态技术有限责任公司 | Drainage channel and rainwater regulation and storage system |
-
2005
- 2005-01-14 JP JP2005007673A patent/JP4344703B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2006193994A (en) | 2006-07-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103510493B (en) | Low overflow dam cave depot type hydropower station | |
| TW201741528A (en) | Hydraulic power generation device comprising a sand control dam, a power generation device, a water diversion pipe and a surge tank | |
| Li et al. | Overview of Dujiangyan Irrigation Scheme of ancient China with current theory | |
| Sumi et al. | Retrofitting and change in operation of cascade dams to facilitate sediment sluicing in the Mimikawa River Basin | |
| JP4344703B2 (en) | Weir for hydroelectric power generation | |
| Luis et al. | Hydropower reservoir for flood control: a case study on Ringlet Reservoir, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia | |
| KR20120054227A (en) | Double current tidal electric power station | |
| CN103114565B (en) | River-closure water-diversion system suitable for slope torrent watercourse water-diversion generation and hydropower stations | |
| KR100961733B1 (en) | Multilevel hydroelectric powergeneration system having tunnel-type water reserving equipment | |
| CN101535629B (en) | Flood control system | |
| TWM528331U (en) | Hydroelectric generation equipment | |
| WO2004090235A1 (en) | Flood control and water supply system using tide generator by “sea hollow (utsuro)” | |
| JP2012145090A (en) | Power generation method by artificial water channel type water-wheel generator, power generation method by sea-water tide type water-wheel generator, artificial water channel type water-wheel generator, sea-water tide type water-wheel generator, artificial water channel for undershot water-wheel generator, and artificial water channel type irrigation water-wheel | |
| CN205934874U (en) | Diversion formula power house arrangement structure | |
| JP2006177229A (en) | Water passage type hydraulic power generation facilities using existing road | |
| CN202440804U (en) | Plant and dam separated hydropower station | |
| CN102505670A (en) | Method for densely building hydroelectric power station and hydroelectric power station capable of being densely built | |
| Balzannikov et al. | On structures and control methods of joint streams regulation by two water power developments in satisfying water consumers’ demands | |
| RU2023903C1 (en) | Riverside hydroelectric power station | |
| CN104863086A (en) | Mole using seawater for power generation | |
| Patil et al. | Planning and Design of Small Hydro Power Station on D/S of Low Head Weir (Kolhapur Type) | |
| RU2588165C1 (en) | River hydropower plant | |
| KR20160137334A (en) | Construction method of double flow tidal power devicesd | |
| Joshi et al. | Reservoir operation of Mangdechhu project and safety of the structure | |
| Upadhyay et al. | Study and Cost Analysis of 10 Kw Small Hydro Power Plants |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20071214 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20081028 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20081126 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20090604 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20090605 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20090626 |
|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20090713 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120717 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |