JP4335196B2 - Conjugated fatty acid-containing monoglyceride and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Conjugated fatty acid-containing monoglyceride and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 93
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 86
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- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000588810 Alcaligenes sp. Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000159512 Geotrichum Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010093096 Immobilized Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000235395 Mucor Species 0.000 description 1
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- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003266 anti-allergic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001093 anti-cancer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000011775 arteriosclerosis disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N glycerol monolinoleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940074096 monoolein Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
本発明は、共役脂肪酸含有モノグリセリド、その製造方法およびモノグリセリドの精製方法に関し、更に詳細には、本発明は食品の乳化剤あるいは飲料用添加物等の用途に有用な共役脂肪酸含有モノグリセリド、および、リパーゼの存在下で共役脂肪酸を含む遊離脂肪酸とグリセリンを基質としてエステル化反応、または同一反応系内でのエステル化反応とグリセロリシスの連続的反応を利用して共役脂肪酸含有モノグリセリドを製造する方法、およびモノグリセリドの精製方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a conjugated fatty acid-containing monoglyceride, a method for producing the same, and a method for purifying the monoglyceride. More specifically, the present invention relates to a conjugated fatty acid-containing monoglyceride useful for food emulsifiers or beverage additives, and a lipase. A method for producing a monoglyceride containing a conjugated fatty acid using an esterification reaction using a free fatty acid containing a conjugated fatty acid and glycerin as a substrate in the presence, or a continuous reaction of an esterification reaction and glycerolysis in the same reaction system, and The present invention relates to a purification method.
共役リノール酸は抗ガン作用、体脂肪低減作用、動脈硬化抑制作用、抗アレルギー作用等の多彩な生理活性を有し、遊離脂肪酸の形態で健康食品として利用されているが、モノグリセリドの形態では利用されていない。非共役脂肪酸による通常の脂肪酸グリセリンエステルは、食品、医薬品、化粧品の分野において乳化剤として広く用いられており、中でもモノグリセリドは最もよく用いられている。一般的に、非共役脂肪酸による通常のモノグリセリドは、グリセリンと脂肪酸を高温下でエステル化させるか、脂肪酸メチルと油脂（トリグリセリド）を高温下でエステル交換させることによって製造されている。 Conjugated linoleic acid has various physiological activities such as anticancer action, body fat reduction action, arteriosclerosis prevention action, antiallergic action, etc., and is used as a health food in the form of free fatty acid, but it is used in the form of monoglyceride It has not been. Ordinary fatty acid glycerin esters derived from non-conjugated fatty acids are widely used as emulsifiers in the fields of foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, and monoglycerides are most often used. In general, normal monoglycerides based on non-conjugated fatty acids are produced by esterifying glycerin and fatty acids at high temperatures or transesterifying fatty acid methyls and fats (triglycerides) at high temperatures.
しかし、不安定な共役リノール酸等を含む共役脂肪酸含有モノグリセリドの製造に従来の化学的方法を適用することはできず、本発明者らの知る限り共役脂肪酸含有モノグリセリドの製造法を含めて報告されていない。 However, conventional chemical methods cannot be applied to the production of conjugated fatty acid-containing monoglycerides containing unstable conjugated linoleic acid, etc., and as far as the present inventors know, it has been reported including the method for producing conjugated fatty acid-containing monoglycerides. Not.
また、酵素反応を利用した、非共役長鎖脂肪酸のモノグリセリドの合成法については、特開平９−２６８２９９号（特許文献１）や特公平４−１２１１２号（特許文献２）などの公報に記載がある。前者の公報は、Pseudomonas属由来リパーゼの存在下、トリグリセリドをグリセロリシス化してモノグリセリドを効率よく合成する方法を提案している。この方法を応用して共役脂肪酸モノグリセリドを製造しようとした場合には、通常共役脂肪酸は遊離脂肪酸として流通しているため、共役脂肪酸をまずトリグリセリドに変換してからでないと、モノグリセリドを製造することはできない。また、後者の公報は、モノおよびジグリセリドリパーゼを用いて遊離脂肪酸とグリセリドをエステル化し、モノグリセリドを製造する方法を提供している。この方法は３０℃での反応であり、エステル化率が６０％以下のときでは、全グリセリド中のモノグリセリドの含量は９０％以上となるが、エステル化率を９０％以上に高めると、ジグリセリドの副成が認められ、モノグリセリドとジグリセリドの含量はほぼ等量となってしまう。 In addition, methods for synthesizing monoglycerides of non-conjugated long chain fatty acids using an enzymatic reaction are described in publications such as JP-A-9-268299 (Patent Document 1) and JP-B-4-12112 (Patent Document 2). is there. The former publication proposes a method for efficiently synthesizing monoglycerides by glycerolysis of triglycerides in the presence of lipase derived from the genus Pseudomonas. When trying to produce conjugated fatty acid monoglycerides by applying this method, conjugated fatty acids are usually circulated as free fatty acids, so it is necessary to convert the conjugated fatty acids to triglycerides before producing monoglycerides. Can not. The latter publication also provides a method for producing monoglycerides by esterifying free fatty acids and glycerides using mono- and diglyceride lipases. This method is a reaction at 30 ° C., and when the esterification rate is 60% or less, the monoglyceride content in all glycerides is 90% or more. However, when the esterification rate is increased to 90% or more, diglyceride By-product is observed, and the content of monoglyceride and diglyceride is almost equal.
共役脂肪酸は、前記のように多彩な生理活性を有し、遊離脂肪酸の形態で健康食品として利用されている。この共役脂肪酸を各種の食品、特にドリンク剤への添加物あるいは乳化剤としての利用用途を開くために、モノグリセリドの形態としての供給が期待される。しかし上述のように、共役脂肪酸は熱に対して不安定であるため、共役脂肪酸グリセリドの製造に、従来の化学法による非共役脂肪酸グリセリドに使われている製造方法を応用することはできず、また、非共役脂肪酸グリセリドの製造に関してこれまでに提案されている酵素的方法は、特定の微生物（Pseudomonas属）由来のリパーゼを触媒としたグリセロリシス反応（特開平９−２６８２９９号公報、J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 68, 6-10, 1991（非特許文献１））、およびエステル化率を低くしたときのエステル化反応（特公平４−１２１１２号公報）にのみ有効な方法である。
本発明は、共役脂肪酸を含有するモノグリセリドを製造する技術、具体的には、全てのリパーゼ（モノグリセリドリパーゼ、モノおよびジグリセリドリパーゼ、トリグリセリドリパーゼを含む）を触媒として用いることが可能で、かつ高いエステル化率の場合でもモノグリセリド含有率の高い共役脂肪酸グリセリンエステルを製造できる技術、およびモノグリセリドを精製する技術を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention is a technique for producing a monoglyceride containing a conjugated fatty acid. Specifically, all lipases (including monoglyceride lipase, mono and diglyceride lipase, and triglyceride lipase) can be used as a catalyst, and high esterification An object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of producing a conjugated fatty acid glycerin ester having a high monoglyceride content even in the case of a ratio, and a technique for purifying monoglycerides.
本発明者らは、このような技術的背景に鑑み、上記目的を達成すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、リパーゼを触媒としてエステル化を利用した反応系および同一反応系内でのエステル化反応とグリセロリシスの連続的反応を利用した反応系の構築に成功し、この知見を基に本発明を完成させるに至った。
すなわち、本発明は下記のモノグリセリド、その製造方法および精製方法を要旨とするものである。
In view of such a technical background, the present inventors have conducted extensive research to achieve the above object, and as a result, a reaction system using esterification with lipase as a catalyst and an esterification reaction in the same reaction system, The present inventors have succeeded in constructing a reaction system using a continuous reaction of glycerolysis, and have completed the present invention based on this knowledge.
That is, the gist of the present invention is the following monoglyceride, its production method and purification method.
共役脂肪酸を含有するモノグリセリド、好ましくは共役脂肪酸（代表的には共役リノール酸）を全脂肪酸中５０％以上含有する上記のモノグリセリド。
リパーゼを触媒として用い、共役脂肪酸を含む遊離脂肪酸とグリセリンを、エステル化またはエステル化とグリセロリシスの反応に付することを特徴とする、上記共役脂肪酸含有モノグリセリドの製造方法。
エステル化を利用する反応において、共役脂肪酸を含む遊離脂肪酸の１モル量に対してグリセリンを１〜２０モル量使用し、温度を０℃〜２０℃、あるいは２０℃〜７０℃に設定して反応を進行させ、温度を０℃〜２０℃に設定する場合は反応途中から、また温度を２０℃〜７０℃に設定する場合は反応開始時から減圧下で脱水し、エステル化率が９０％以上に達するまで０℃〜２０℃、あるいは２０℃〜７０℃に維持することを特徴とする、上記モノグリセリドの製造方法（第１の方法）。
エステル化とグリセロリシスを利用する反応において、共役脂肪酸を含む遊離脂肪酸の１モル量に対してグリセリンを１〜２０モル量使用し、温度を２０℃〜７０℃に設定してエステル化反応を行い、反応の途中で減圧下で脱水してエステル化率を９０％以上に高めた後に冷却（好ましくは急冷）し、０℃〜２０℃で静置してグリセロリシス反応を進行させることを特徴とする、上記モノグリセリドの製造方法（第２の方法）。
遊離脂肪酸が混在するモノグリセリドを含有するまたは主成分とするグリセリド生成物にアルカリを添加し、それにより該生成物中に存在する遊離脂肪酸を中和してケン化物を生成させ、さらに分子量がモノグリセリドより大きくかつケン化物と相溶性を有する物質を添加してケン化物の濃度を低下させた後、これを分子蒸留に付して該ケン化物を蒸留残渣として除去することを特徴とする、モノグリセリドを含有するまたは主成分とするグリセリド生成物の脱酸・精製方法。
Monoglycerides containing conjugated fatty acids, preferably the above-mentioned monoglycerides containing conjugated fatty acids (typically conjugated linoleic acid) at 50% or more of the total fatty acids.
A method for producing the above conjugated fatty acid-containing monoglyceride, characterized in that lipase is used as a catalyst, and a free fatty acid containing conjugated fatty acid and glycerin are subjected to a reaction of esterification or esterification and glycerolysis.
In the reaction utilizing esterification, 1 to 20 mol of glycerin is used with respect to 1 mol of free fatty acid including conjugated fatty acid, and the temperature is set to 0 ° C. to 20 ° C. or 20 ° C. to 70 ° C. When the temperature is set to 0 ° C. to 20 ° C., dehydration is performed from the middle of the reaction, and when the temperature is set to 20 ° C. to 70 ° C., dehydration is performed under reduced pressure from the start of the reaction, and the esterification rate is 90% or more. The above-mentioned monoglyceride production method (first method), characterized in that it is maintained at 0 ° C. to 20 ° C. or 20 ° C. to 70 ° C. until it reaches
In the reaction utilizing esterification and glycerolysis, 1 to 20 mol of glycerin is used with respect to 1 mol of free fatty acid including conjugated fatty acid, and the temperature is set to 20 ° C. to 70 ° C. to perform the esterification reaction, In the course of the reaction, dehydration is performed under reduced pressure to increase the esterification rate to 90% or more, followed by cooling (preferably rapid cooling) and standing at 0 ° C. to 20 ° C. to advance the glycerolysis reaction, A method for producing the monoglyceride (second method).
An alkali is added to a glyceride product containing or containing a main component of monoglyceride in which free fatty acids are mixed, thereby neutralizing the free fatty acid present in the product to produce a saponified product, and the molecular weight is higher than that of the monoglyceride. Contains a monoglyceride, characterized by adding a large and compatible saponified product to lower the saponified concentration and then subjecting it to molecular distillation to remove the saponified product as a distillation residue A method for deacidifying and purifying a glyceride product which is or is a main component.
上述してきたように、本発明は、モノグリセリドを高割合で含む共役脂肪酸（代表的には共役リノール酸）含有モノグリセリドを提供することができるものである。
本発明の製造方法によれば、あらゆる種類のリパーゼ（モノグリセリドリパーゼ、ジグリセリドリパーゼ、トリグリセリドリパーゼを含む）を触媒として利用でき、上記のようなモノグリセリドを高割合で含む共役脂肪酸含有モノグリセリドを製造することができる。
また、リパーゼを触媒として、共役脂肪酸とグリセリンを低温で反応させるエステル化反応を利用して、あるいは同一反応系内での高温によるエステル反応と低温によるグリセロリシス反応を組合わせて利用して、９０％以上の共役脂肪酸をエステル化させ、グリセリド画分の共役脂肪酸モノグリセリド含量を８０％以上に高めることができる。
さらに、本発明は、モノグリセリドを純度よく精製するためのモノグリセリドの精製方法を提供することができる。
As described above, the present invention can provide a conjugated fatty acid (typically conjugated linoleic acid) -containing monoglyceride containing a high proportion of monoglyceride.
According to the production method of the present invention, any kind of lipase (including monoglyceride lipase, diglyceride lipase and triglyceride lipase) can be used as a catalyst, and a conjugated fatty acid-containing monoglyceride containing a high proportion of the above monoglyceride can be produced. it can.
90% using lipase as a catalyst, utilizing an esterification reaction in which a conjugated fatty acid and glycerin are reacted at a low temperature, or using a combination of a high temperature ester reaction and a low temperature glycerolysis reaction in the same reaction system. The above conjugated fatty acid can be esterified to increase the conjugated fatty acid monoglyceride content of the glyceride fraction to 80% or more.
Furthermore, the present invention can provide a method for purifying monoglyceride for purifying monoglyceride with high purity.
本発明によるモノグリセリドは、共役脂肪酸を含有するモノグリセリドであることは上記したところであり、好ましくは共役脂肪酸を５０％以上（グリセリンに結合した全脂肪酸中）含有するモノグリセリドである。また、本発明のモノグリセリドは、トリグリセリドを実質的に含まず（２％以下）、かつ遊離脂肪酸をほとんど含まず（５％以下）、全グリセリド（モノ、ジ、トリ）中モノグリセリドを通常５０％以上、好ましくは７０％以上、より好ましくは８０％以上、特に好ましくは９０％以上の高い割合で含有する共役脂肪酸モノグリセリドである。
本発明において、共役脂肪酸としては共役リノール酸、共役トリエン酸（特に共役リノレン酸）、共役ＥＰＡ、共役ＤＨＡ等が好ましい例としてあげられるが、共役リノール酸が代表的である。
なお本明細書において、％表示は特に断りのない限り、あるいは％表示のみで明確な場合（エステル化率など）を除き重量％を意味する。
As described above, the monoglyceride according to the present invention is a monoglyceride containing a conjugated fatty acid, and is preferably a monoglyceride containing 50% or more of the conjugated fatty acid (in all fatty acids bonded to glycerin). Further, the monoglyceride of the present invention is substantially free of triglycerides (2% or less) and contains almost no free fatty acids (5% or less), and the monoglycerides in all glycerides (mono, di, tri) are usually 50% or more. The conjugated fatty acid monoglyceride is preferably contained in a high proportion of 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, particularly preferably 90% or more.
In the present invention, preferred examples of conjugated fatty acids include conjugated linoleic acid, conjugated trienoic acid (particularly conjugated linolenic acid), conjugated EPA, and conjugated DHA, and conjugated linoleic acid is representative.
In the present specification, “%” means “% by weight” unless otherwise specified, or in cases where it is clear only by “%” (eg esterification rate).
このような共役脂肪酸含有モノグリセリドは、前記のように、リパーゼを触媒として用い、共役脂肪酸を含む脂肪酸混合物とグリセリンを、エステル化またはエステル化とグリセロリシスの反応に付することにより製造することができる。このような本発明方法の代表的な態様は、前述のような、エステル化反応を利用した第１の方法およびエステル化反応とグリセロリシス反応を同一反応系内で連続して行なう第２の方法である。 As described above, such a conjugated fatty acid-containing monoglyceride can be produced by subjecting a fatty acid mixture containing conjugated fatty acid and glycerin to esterification or esterification and glycerolysis using lipase as a catalyst. Such a typical embodiment of the method of the present invention includes the first method using the esterification reaction and the second method in which the esterification reaction and the glycerolysis reaction are continuously performed in the same reaction system as described above. is there.
本発明方法で用いる共役脂肪酸を含む遊離脂肪酸とは、上記のような共役脂肪酸を含むものであればいずれの起源のものでも使用できるが、好ましくは共役脂肪酸を５０％以上、より好ましくは７０％以上含むものである。このような遊離脂肪酸の実用的な好ましい例としては、リノール酸を含む油（サフラワー油、ヒマワリ油等）をプロピレングリコールなどの存在下でアルカリ共役化して製造したc9,t11-およびt10,c12-共役リノール酸異性体をそれぞれ３０％以上含む遊離脂肪酸の混合物（例えばCLA-80：リノール油脂社製）等があげられるが、微生物等（例えば乳酸菌）によって生産される共役リノール酸含有油脂から得られた脂肪酸の混合物であってもよい（例えば、乳酸菌を用いた米国特許第６，０６０，３０４号公報参照）。また、尿素付加法、低温結晶法、酵素（リパーゼ）を用いた選択的な反応を利用した方法（例えば Lipids,34,979-987(1999)、J.Am.Oil Chem. Soc.,76,1265-1268(1999)、J.Am.Oil Chem.Soc.,79,303-308(2002)参照）等の手段により所望に精製して共役リノール酸含有率の高い（例えば９０％以上）遊離脂肪酸を使用すれば、最終的に共役リノール酸含有率の高い目的のモノグリセリドを得ることができる。この共役リノール酸含有率は、上記の方法における精製の程度を適宜調節することにより所望の割合に調整することができ、また非共役脂肪酸での希釈により所望に低減させることができる。 The free fatty acid containing a conjugated fatty acid used in the method of the present invention may be of any origin as long as it contains a conjugated fatty acid as described above, but preferably contains 50% or more, more preferably 70% of the conjugated fatty acid. Including the above. Practical and preferred examples of such free fatty acids include c9, t11- and t10, c12 produced by alkali conjugation of oils containing linoleic acid (such as safflower oil and sunflower oil) in the presence of propylene glycol and the like. -A mixture of free fatty acids each containing 30% or more of conjugated linoleic acid isomers (for example, CLA-80: manufactured by Linol Oils and Fats), etc., but obtained from conjugated linoleic acid-containing oils and fats produced by microorganisms (for example, lactic acid bacteria) A mixture of fatty acids obtained (see, for example, US Pat. No. 6,060,304 using lactic acid bacteria). In addition, urea addition method, low temperature crystallization method, method using selective reaction using enzyme (lipase) (for example, Lipids, 34, 979-987 (1999), J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 76, 1265- 1268 (1999), J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 79, 303-308 (2002)) and the like, and free fatty acids having a high conjugated linoleic acid content (for example, 90% or more) should be used. Thus, the desired monoglyceride having a high conjugated linoleic acid content can be finally obtained. The conjugated linoleic acid content can be adjusted to a desired ratio by appropriately adjusting the degree of purification in the above method, and can be reduced as desired by dilution with a non-conjugated fatty acid.
触媒として使用するリパーゼは、グリセリド類を基質として認識する酵素であれば粗製、部分精製、精製のいずれのものでもよく、モノグリセリドリパーゼ、モノおよびジグリセリドリパーゼ、あるいはトリグリセリドリパーゼも包含する。特に、Pseudomonas属、Burkholderia属、Alcaligenes属、Bacillus属、Candida属、Geotrichum属、 Penicillium属、Rhizopus属、Rhizomucor属、Mucor属、Aspergillus属、Thermomyces属等の微生物が生産する酵素や豚膵臓由来の酵素が好ましい。これらの酵素は一般に市販されており、容易に入手可能である。 The lipase used as the catalyst may be any of crude, partially purified, and purified as long as it is an enzyme that recognizes glycerides as a substrate, and includes monoglyceride lipase, mono- and diglyceride lipase, and triglyceride lipase. In particular, enzymes produced by microorganisms such as Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Candida, Geotrichum, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, Mucor, Aspergillus, Thermomyces, and porcine pancreas Is preferred. These enzymes are generally commercially available and are readily available.
使用する酵素としてのリパーゼの量は、反応時間や反応温度などの反応条件により決定されるため特に規定されないが、一般的には反応混液１ｇ当たり１単位（U）〜10000U、好ましくは５U〜1000U添加すればよく、適宜設定することができる。ここでリパーゼ（トリグリセリドリパーゼ）１Uとは、オリーブ油の加水分解反応において１分間に１μmolの脂肪酸を遊離する酵素量であり、モノグリセリドリパーゼあるいはモノおよびジグリセリドリパーゼ１Uとは、モノオレインの加水分解反応において１分間に１μmolの脂肪酸を遊離する酵素量である。酵素は遊離型のまま、あるいはイオン交換樹脂、多孔性樹脂、セラミックス、炭酸カルシウム等の担体に固定して使用してもよい。遊離型酵素を使用するときは、一旦酵素を水に溶かし、酵素水溶液を所定の酵素量になるように反応液中に添加するのが好ましく、このとき酵素剤はできるだけ少ない量の水で溶かした方がよい。また、固定化酵素を使用するときには反応系に水を加える必要はない。 The amount of lipase as an enzyme to be used is not particularly specified because it is determined by reaction conditions such as reaction time and reaction temperature, but generally 1 unit (U) to 10,000 U, preferably 5 U to 1000 U, per 1 g of reaction mixture. What is necessary is just to add and it can set suitably. Here, lipase (triglyceride lipase) 1U is the amount of enzyme that liberates 1 μmol of fatty acid per minute in the hydrolysis reaction of olive oil, and monoglyceride lipase or mono- and diglyceride lipase 1U is 1 in the hydrolysis reaction of monoolein. The amount of enzyme that liberates 1 μmol of fatty acid per minute. The enzyme may be used in the free form or immobilized on a carrier such as an ion exchange resin, a porous resin, ceramics, or calcium carbonate. When using a free enzyme, it is preferable to dissolve the enzyme once in water and add the aqueous enzyme solution to the reaction solution so that the amount of the enzyme becomes a predetermined amount. At this time, the enzyme agent is dissolved in as little water as possible. Better. Further, when using an immobilized enzyme, it is not necessary to add water to the reaction system.
反応系に加えるグリセリンの量は重要な因子の一つであり、特にエステル化率とグリセリド画分のモノグリセリド含量に影響を与える。グリセリンの量は、通常遊離脂肪酸１モル量に対して１〜２０モル量、好ましくは２〜１０モル量であるが、反応温度を２０℃〜７０℃に設定したとき（第２の方法）、反応系中に存在する酵素溶液由来の少量の水とエステル化反応によって生じる水を減圧等の操作により特に除去しなくても、グリセリン量を遊離脂肪酸１モル量に対して７モル量以上とすることによりエステル化率を高めることができる。また、２０℃〜７０℃の反応におけるモノ、ジ、トリグリセリドの合成はグリセリン量の影響を受け難いが、０℃〜２０℃の低温で反応させたとき（第１の方法）、グリセリン量を遊離脂肪酸１モル量に対して７モル量以上とすることによりジおよびトリグリセリドの副成が低温反応による効果に加えて更に抑えられ、グリセリド画分中のモノグリセリドの割合を高めることができる。 The amount of glycerin added to the reaction system is one of important factors, particularly affecting the esterification rate and the monoglyceride content of the glyceride fraction. The amount of glycerin is usually 1 to 20 mol, preferably 2 to 10 mol, per mol of free fatty acid, but when the reaction temperature is set to 20 ° C. to 70 ° C. (second method), Even if a small amount of water derived from the enzyme solution present in the reaction system and water generated by the esterification reaction are not particularly removed by an operation such as decompression, the amount of glycerin is 7 mol amount or more per 1 mol amount of free fatty acid. Thus, the esterification rate can be increased. In addition, synthesis of mono-, di-, and triglycerides in a reaction at 20 ° C to 70 ° C is hardly affected by the amount of glycerin, but when reacted at a low temperature of 0 ° C to 20 ° C (first method), the amount of glycerin is liberated By setting it as 7 mol amount or more with respect to 1 mol amount of fatty acids, di- and triglyceride by-products are further suppressed in addition to the effect of low-temperature reaction, and the proportion of monoglycerides in the glyceride fraction can be increased.
反応系中に存在する酵素溶液由来の水とエステル化反応によって生成してくる水は、グリセリン量を抑えた（等モルから３モル量もしくは５モル量程度）エステル化反応に大きな影響を及ぼす。この場合の反応（第１の方法、第２の方法を含む）において、反応途中で例えばエステル化率が５０〜７０％に達した時点で、または、エステル化反応を利用した第１の方法で温度を２０℃〜７０℃に設定する場合は反応開始時点で、真空ポンプ等を用いて減圧脱水（通常、減圧後の絶対圧力0.5〜５mmHg程度の真空下）を行うことにより９０％以上のエステル化率に達するまでの時間を短縮することができると共に、より高いエステル化率を得ることもできる。
なお本明細書においてエステル化率とは、反応系における全遊離脂肪酸に対する、エステル（グリセリド）生成に関与した遊離脂肪酸の割合を意味する。
The water derived from the enzyme solution present in the reaction system and the water produced by the esterification reaction have a great influence on the esterification reaction in which the amount of glycerin is suppressed (equivalent to about 3 mol amount or about 5 mol amount). In the reaction in this case (including the first method and the second method), for example, when the esterification rate reaches 50 to 70% during the reaction or in the first method using the esterification reaction. When the temperature is set to 20 ° C. to 70 ° C., 90% or more of the ester is obtained by performing dehydration under reduced pressure (usually under a vacuum of about 0.5 to 5 mmHg after depressurization) using a vacuum pump or the like at the start of the reaction. The time to reach the conversion rate can be shortened and a higher esterification rate can be obtained.
In the present specification, the esterification rate means the ratio of free fatty acids involved in ester (glyceride) production to the total free fatty acids in the reaction system.
エステル化反応を利用した第１の方法の好ましい態様において、攪拌様作用により基質と酵素の混合物をエマルションにして反応を開始後、一つの好ましい方法は、温度を０℃〜２０℃に設定する場合は、反応の進行と共に流動性が低下して固化した時点で攪拌様作用を停止し、そのままエステル化率が９０％以上、好ましくは９５％以上に達するまで上記の所定温度に維持する方法である。また、別の好ましい方法は、温度を２０℃〜７０℃に設定する場合、攪拌様作用によりエマルションが持続するようにエステル化反応を行い、攪拌作用を続けたままエステル化率が９０％以上、好ましくは９５％以上に達するまで上記の所定温度に維持する方法である。
エステル化反応とグリセロリシス反応を利用した第２の方法の好ましい態様は、攪拌様作用により基質と酵素の混合物をエマルションにしてエステル化反応を行い、エステル化率が９０％以上、好ましくは９５％以上に達した後、反応液が固化するまで強い攪拌様作用を与えながら急冷する方法である。
In a preferred embodiment of the first method utilizing an esterification reaction, one preferred method is to set the temperature between 0 ° C. and 20 ° C. after starting the reaction by making the mixture of substrate and enzyme into an emulsion by stirring-like action. Is a method in which the agitation-like action is stopped when the fluidity decreases and solidifies with the progress of the reaction, and the esterification rate is maintained as it is until it reaches 90% or more, preferably 95% or more. . Another preferred method is that when the temperature is set to 20 ° C. to 70 ° C., the esterification reaction is performed so that the emulsion is maintained by stirring-like action, and the esterification rate is 90% or more while continuing the stirring action. Preferably, the above-mentioned predetermined temperature is maintained until 95% or more is reached.
A preferred embodiment of the second method utilizing the esterification reaction and the glycerolysis reaction is an esterification reaction in which a mixture of a substrate and an enzyme is made into an emulsion by stirring-like action, and the esterification rate is 90% or more, preferably 95% or more. In this method, the reaction solution is rapidly cooled while giving a strong stirring-like action until the reaction solution is solidified.
反応混液を固化させるまでのエステル化反応は、グリセリンの液滴サイズをできるだけ小さくし、かつ均一なエマルション状態で行うことが好ましい。グリセリンの液滴サイズを小さくすればするほど反応時間を短縮することができる。エマルションを作る方法は各種の攪拌（例えば各種形態の攪拌翼を用いた方式、スターラー、ホモゲナイザー、ミキサー）、振動（例えば超音波処理）、ピストン方式、ハニーカム方式などの攪拌様作用を与える様々な手段が適用できる。液滴サイズは小さい方がグリセリンと脂肪酸の接触面積が増えるため、エステル化反応の効率化が計れる。このような調整は、上記手段の出力強度等を適宜調節することにより行うことができる。 The esterification reaction until the reaction mixture is solidified is preferably performed in a uniform emulsion state with the droplet size of glycerin as small as possible. The reaction time can be shortened as the droplet size of glycerin is reduced. Emulsions can be made by various means that give agitation-like action such as various types of stirring (for example, systems using stirring blades of various forms, stirrers, homogenizers, mixers), vibration (for example, ultrasonic treatment), piston system, honey cam system, etc. Is applicable. The smaller the droplet size, the greater the contact area between glycerin and fatty acid, so that the esterification reaction can be made more efficient. Such adjustment can be performed by appropriately adjusting the output intensity of the above means.
本発明において、反応温度は特に重要である。エステル化反応のみを利用してモノグリセリドを製造するときは（第１の方法）、反応温度を０℃〜２０℃、好ましくは０℃〜１５℃に設定すると、ジおよびトリグリセリドの副成を抑制することができる。また、反応温度を２０℃〜７０℃、好ましくは２５℃〜５０℃に設定する場合は、反応開始時から減圧脱水することにより、ジおよびトリグリセリドの副成を抑制することができる。
同一反応系内でエステル化反応とグリセロリシス反応を連続して進行させモノグリセリドを製造するときは（第２の方法）、まず２０℃〜７０℃、好ましくは２５℃〜５０℃でエステル化反応を行なうことによりモノ、ジグリセリドが生成する。グリセロリシス反応は０℃〜２０℃、好ましくは０℃〜１５℃で効率よく進行してグリセリド画分中のモノグリセリドの割合が増加するが、エステル化反応後、グリセロリシス反応を進行させるためには、上述のように強い攪拌様作用を与えながらグリセロリシス反応の上記の所定温度まで冷却して反応液を固化させることが好ましい。この際、冷却は可能な限り急冷することにより速やかに固化させることが好ましいが、降温速度が相対的に遅くても固化させるまでに要する時間が長くなるだけで反応に大きな影響を与えることはない。これらの温度設定、調節は通常の恒温装置等を用いて行なうことができる。
In the present invention, the reaction temperature is particularly important. When monoglyceride is produced by utilizing only esterification reaction (first method), when the reaction temperature is set to 0 ° C. to 20 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 15 ° C., di- and triglyceride by-products are suppressed. be able to. Further, when the reaction temperature is set to 20 ° C. to 70 ° C., preferably 25 ° C. to 50 ° C., by-dehydration under reduced pressure from the start of the reaction, di- and triglyceride by-products can be suppressed.
When a monoglyceride is produced by continuously proceeding an esterification reaction and a glycerolysis reaction in the same reaction system (second method), the esterification reaction is first carried out at 20 ° C to 70 ° C, preferably 25 ° C to 50 ° C. This produces mono- and diglycerides. The glycerolysis reaction proceeds efficiently at 0 ° C. to 20 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 15 ° C., and the proportion of monoglycerides in the glyceride fraction increases. However, in order to advance the glycerolysis reaction after the esterification reaction, It is preferable to solidify the reaction solution by cooling to the predetermined temperature of the glycerolysis reaction while giving a strong stirring-like action as described above. At this time, it is preferable to quickly solidify by cooling as quickly as possible, but even if the cooling rate is relatively slow, it only takes a long time to solidify and does not significantly affect the reaction. . These temperature settings and adjustments can be performed using a normal thermostat or the like.
反応に必要な時間は、温度、酵素量、グリセリン量等の反応条件により大きく影響を受けるため特に規定されず、温度が高いほど、酵素量が多いほど、グリセリン量が多いほど反応速度は速くなるが、操作性を考慮すると、エステル化反応のみを利用した方法（第１の方法）では、反応温度が０℃〜２０℃の場合は、攪拌作用を止めてからの反応時間も含めると好ましくは１０時間〜１週間、より好ましくは２０〜９６時間程度が望ましく、反応温度が２０℃〜７０℃で減圧脱水しながら反応を行なう場合は好ましくは１〜96時間、より好ましくは１０〜７２時間程度が望ましい。また、同一反応系内でエステル化反応とグリセロリシス反応を連続して進行させる方法（第２の方法）では、反応温度が２０℃〜７０℃でのエステル化反応に要する時間は好ましくは１〜７２時間、より好ましくは５〜７２時間程度が望ましく、その後の反応温度０℃〜２０℃でのジグリセリドをモノグリセリドに変換するグリセロリシス反応は、急冷固化させた反応液を通常５時間〜２ヶ月間、好ましくは１〜３０日、より好ましくは１〜１０日程度放置しておくことが望ましい。この放置時間は、急冷しながら固化させる上記攪拌様作用手段に大きく依存し、例えば、ホモゲナイザーや食品加工用のハンディーミキサーなどを用いた強い攪拌によりグリセリン液滴サイズの小さいエマルションを作り、固化によりこの状態を維持することができれば反応時間は大幅に短縮できる。
なおエステル化反応において、反応液を泡立てて固化させると共役脂肪酸が酸化あるいは異性化等の反応を受け易くなるので、泡立てないようにあるいは窒素気流下で固化させることが好ましい。
The time required for the reaction is not particularly specified because it is greatly affected by the reaction conditions such as temperature, amount of enzyme, amount of glycerin, etc. The higher the temperature, the larger the amount of enzyme, the higher the amount of glycerin, the faster the reaction rate. However, in consideration of operability, in the method using only the esterification reaction (first method), when the reaction temperature is 0 ° C. to 20 ° C., it is preferable to include the reaction time after stopping the stirring action 10 hours to 1 week, more preferably about 20 to 96 hours are desirable. When the reaction is carried out while dehydrating under reduced pressure at a reaction temperature of 20 ° C. to 70 ° C., preferably 1 to 96 hours, more preferably about 10 to 72 hours. Is desirable. Moreover, in the method (second method) in which the esterification reaction and the glycerolysis reaction proceed continuously in the same reaction system, the time required for the esterification reaction at a reaction temperature of 20 ° C. to 70 ° C. is preferably 1 to 72. The time, more preferably about 5 to 72 hours is desirable, and the glycerolysis reaction for converting diglyceride to monoglyceride at the subsequent reaction temperature of 0 ° C. to 20 ° C. is usually preferably 5 hours to 2 months after the rapidly cooled and solidified reaction solution. Is preferably left for about 1 to 30 days, more preferably about 1 to 10 days. This standing time greatly depends on the above stirring-like action means that solidifies while rapidly cooling. For example, an emulsion having a small glycerin droplet size is formed by strong stirring using a homogenizer or a handy mixer for food processing, and this solidification is performed. If the state can be maintained, the reaction time can be greatly shortened.
In the esterification reaction, when the reaction solution is foamed and solidified, the conjugated fatty acid is easily subjected to a reaction such as oxidation or isomerization. Therefore, it is preferable to solidify in a nitrogen stream so as not to foam.
以上のように、リパーゼのエステル化反応を利用した第１の方法において、攪拌様作用、グリセリン濃度の調節、前述のように反応途中での減圧脱水を適宜行なうか反応開始時から減圧脱水を行なうことにより、エステル化速度が上昇し短時間で９０％以上、好ましくは９５％以上のエステル化率が得られ、反応液の固化後の低温放置により、最終的に反応液中のグリセリド画分のモノグリセリド含量は８０％以上に達する。また、リパーゼのエステル化反応とグリセロリシス反応を同一反応系内で連続して行う第２の方法において、特に反応途中での減圧脱水を適宜行なうことによりエステル化率が９０％以上、好ましくは９５％以上に達し、この状態で激しい攪拌様作用を加えながら好ましくは急冷して反応液を完全に固化させ、低温で放置してグリセロリシス反応を継続することにより、反応液中のグリセリド画分のモノグリセリド含量は８０％以上に達する。
上述のような方法により、本発明の共役脂肪酸含有モノグリセリドを主成分とする生成物を製造することができる。
As described above, in the first method utilizing the esterification reaction of lipase, stirring-like action, adjustment of glycerin concentration, or vacuum dehydration in the middle of the reaction as described above is performed as appropriate, or vacuum dehydration is performed from the start of the reaction. As a result, the esterification rate is increased, and an esterification rate of 90% or more, preferably 95% or more is obtained in a short time. By leaving the reaction solution at a low temperature after solidification, the glyceride fraction in the reaction solution is finally obtained. The monoglyceride content reaches over 80%. Further, in the second method in which the lipase esterification reaction and the glycerolysis reaction are carried out continuously in the same reaction system, the esterification rate is 90% or more, preferably 95%, particularly by appropriately performing dehydration under reduced pressure during the reaction. In this state, the monoglyceride content of the glyceride fraction in the reaction solution is obtained by preferably rapidly quenching while adding a vigorous stirring-like action to solidify the reaction solution completely and allowing it to stand at a low temperature to continue the glycerolysis reaction. Reaches over 80%.
By the method as described above, a product containing the conjugated fatty acid-containing monoglyceride of the present invention as a main component can be produced.
反応後、所望により反応液（上記共役脂肪酸含有モノグリセリドを主成分とする生成物）からモノグリセリドを精製するには、合目的的な任意の方法を採用することができるが、例えば通常の脱酸、溶媒中での脱酸、膜分離、蒸留、イオン交換クロマトグラフィー等、およびこれらの方法の任意の組み合わせにより、遊離脂肪酸を除去してモノグリセリドを純度よく精製することができる。このような精製には、蒸留法を組合せた方法が特に効果的であり、具体的には、例えば反応液を分子蒸留に負荷し、未反応の遊離脂肪酸を留分として除去した後、モノグリセリドを蒸留・留出させることによって精製したモノグリセリド画分を得ることができる。 In order to purify the monoglyceride from the reaction solution (the product containing the conjugated fatty acid-containing monoglyceride as a main component) as desired after the reaction, any suitable method can be employed. The free fatty acid can be removed and the monoglyceride can be purified with high purity by deoxidation in a solvent, membrane separation, distillation, ion exchange chromatography and the like, and any combination of these methods. For such purification, a method combining distillation methods is particularly effective. Specifically, for example, the reaction solution is loaded to molecular distillation, and unreacted free fatty acids are removed as fractions, and then monoglycerides are removed. A purified monoglyceride fraction can be obtained by distillation and distillation.
上記精製法に関連し、本発明は下記のようなグリセリドの脱酸・精製方法にも関する。
遊離脂肪酸が混在するモノグリセリドを含有するまたは主成分とするグリセリド生成物にアルカリを添加し、それにより該生成物中に存在する遊離脂肪酸を中和してケン化物を生成させ、さらに分子量がモノグリセリドよりも大きくかつケン化物と相溶性を有する物質を添加してケン化物の濃度を低下させた後、これを分子蒸留に付して該ケン化物を蒸留残渣として除去することを特徴とする、モノグリセリドを含有するまたは主成分とするグリセリド生成物の脱酸・精製方法。
In relation to the above purification method, the present invention also relates to a method for deacidifying and purifying glycerides as described below.
An alkali is added to a glyceride product containing or containing a main component of monoglyceride in which free fatty acids are mixed, thereby neutralizing the free fatty acid present in the product to produce a saponified product, and the molecular weight is higher than that of the monoglyceride. A monoglyceride, characterized in that a saponified product is reduced by adding a substance having a larger size and compatibility with the saponified product, and then subjected to molecular distillation to remove the saponified product as a distillation residue. A method for deoxidizing and purifying a glyceride product containing or containing as a main component.
上記の脱酸・精製方法は、上記共役脂肪酸含有モノグリセリド（代表的には共役リノール酸含有モノグリセリド）を主成分とする生成物に含まれている遊離脂肪酸が少ない場合（通常酸価２０ｍｇKOH／ｇ以下）に有効に使用することができる。また、上記［００２２］に記載された蒸留脱酸において、遊離脂肪酸を留出除去した残渣画分（共役脂肪酸含有モノグリセリドが主成分）に遊離脂肪酸が混在し、残渣画分の蒸留によって留分として得られる共役脂肪酸モノグリセリド画分になお遊離脂肪酸の混在が予想され更なる精製を望む場合にも、残渣画分を「遊離脂肪酸が混在するモノグリセリドを主成分とするグリセリド生成物」としてこの脱酸・精製方法を用いることができる。好ましい例を以下に示す。 In the above deoxidation / purification method, when the amount of free fatty acid contained in the product mainly composed of the conjugated fatty acid-containing monoglyceride (typically conjugated linoleic acid-containing monoglyceride) is small (usually an acid value of 20 mgKOH / g or less) ) Can be used effectively. In addition, in the distillation deoxidation described in [0022] above, free fatty acids are mixed in the residue fraction obtained by distilling and removing free fatty acids (a conjugated fatty acid-containing monoglyceride is a main component). Even when free fatty acids are expected to be mixed in the resulting conjugated fatty acid monoglyceride fraction and further purification is desired, the residual fraction is treated as a “glyceride product mainly composed of monoglycerides mixed with free fatty acids”. Purification methods can be used. Preferred examples are shown below.
まず、遊離脂肪酸が混在するモノグリセリドを主成分とするグリセリド生成物中になお混在する遊離脂肪酸に対して等モルのアルカリ（好ましくは水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化カルシウムなど）を加え、酸価を０〜１０ｍｇKOH／ｇ、好ましくは０〜５ｍｇKOH／ｇ、さらに好ましくは０〜３ｍｇKOH／ｇまで低下させ、脂肪酸のケン化物を生成させる。次いで該ケン化物と相溶性（もしくは相互溶解性）を有しかつモノグリセリドより分子量もしくは沸点の高い物質を添加し、180℃〜250℃、0.5〜0.005mmHgの条件での分子蒸留に付する。このような物質としては、例えばジグリセリドやトリグリセリドが好ましいが、その他コレステロールエステル、ワックス類、糖エステル等も使用できる。分子蒸留は通常の分子蒸留装置を用いて行うことができる。分子蒸留の結果、モノグリセリドは留分として回収でき、ケン化物、添加したケン化物と相溶性を有する物質、および反応液（モノグリセリド画分）中に夾雑している高沸点物質（ジグリセリドやトリグリセリドが主成分）は蒸留残渣として除去することができる。なお、ケン化物に相溶性を有する物質の添加量は適宜設定できるが、蒸留残渣の粘性を蒸留操作が妨害されない程度まで低下させることのできる最少量に設定したとき、最も効率よくモノグリセリドを蒸留・精製することができる。 First, an equimolar amount of alkali (preferably sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, etc.) is added to the free fatty acid still mixed in the glyceride product mainly composed of monoglyceride mixed with free fatty acid, and acid The value is reduced to 0 to 10 mg KOH / g, preferably 0 to 5 mg KOH / g, more preferably 0 to 3 mg KOH / g, and a saponified product of fatty acid is produced. Subsequently, a substance having compatibility (or mutual solubility) with the saponified product and having a molecular weight or boiling point higher than that of monoglyceride is added, and subjected to molecular distillation under conditions of 180 ° C. to 250 ° C. and 0.5 to 0.005 mmHg. As such a substance, for example, diglyceride and triglyceride are preferable, but other cholesterol esters, waxes, sugar esters and the like can also be used. Molecular distillation can be performed using a normal molecular distillation apparatus. As a result of molecular distillation, monoglycerides can be recovered as a fraction. Saponification products, substances compatible with the added saponification products, and high-boiling substances (diglycerides and triglycerides, mainly contaminated in the reaction solution (monoglyceride fraction)). The component) can be removed as a distillation residue. The amount of the substance having compatibility with the saponified product can be set as appropriate, but when the viscosity of the distillation residue is set to the minimum amount that can reduce the distillation operation to the extent that the distillation operation is not hindered, the monoglyceride is most efficiently distilled. Can be purified.
精製の対象物、すなわち、遊離脂肪酸が混在するモノグリセリドを含有するまたは主成分とするグリセリド生成物としては、上述のように本発明方法で得られた共役脂肪酸含有モノグリセリドを主成分とする生成物およびその部分精製物（反応液から遊離脂肪酸の一部を分子蒸留によって留出除去した部分精製物）の他、通常の化学的あるいは酵素的方法で得られた非共役脂肪酸含有グリセリド生成物（ジ、トリグリセリドを含んでいてもよい）あるいはその部分精製物など、遊離脂肪酸が混在するモノグリセリドを含有する任意のグリセリド生成物を用いることもできる。 As a glyceride product containing or containing as a main component a monoglyceride in which free fatty acids are mixed as an object to be purified, a product mainly containing a conjugated fatty acid-containing monoglyceride obtained by the method of the present invention as described above, and In addition to the partially purified product (partially purified product obtained by distilling and removing a part of free fatty acids from the reaction solution by molecular distillation), non-conjugated fatty acid-containing glyceride products (di, Any glyceride product containing monoglycerides mixed with free fatty acids such as triglycerides or partially purified products thereof may also be used.
本発明において、エステル化率は、反応前の遊離脂肪酸量に対する反応脂肪酸量（反応によって消費された脂肪酸量）で表し、遊離脂肪酸量はアルカリ滴定による酸価から求めた。グリセリド組成はベンゼン／クロロホルム／酢酸（５０：２０：０．５）で展開した後、ＴＬＣ／ＦＩＤアナライザー（イヤトロスキャン）で定量した。モノグリセリド中の脂肪酸組成は構成脂肪酸をメチルエステル化し、ＤＢ−２３キャピラリーカラム（0.25mm×30mm）を装着したガスクロマトグラフィーにより分析した。 In the present invention, the esterification rate is represented by the amount of fatty acid reacted (the amount of fatty acid consumed by the reaction) relative to the amount of free fatty acid before the reaction, and the amount of free fatty acid was determined from the acid value obtained by alkali titration. The glyceride composition was developed with benzene / chloroform / acetic acid (50: 20: 0.5) and then quantified with a TLC / FID analyzer (eartroscan). The fatty acid composition in the monoglyceride was analyzed by gas chromatography equipped with a DB-23 capillary column (0.25 mm × 30 mm) after converting the constituent fatty acid to methyl ester.
以下に、実施例により本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例によって限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
［実施例１］ グリセリン量の影響：Penicillium camembertii モノおよびジ
グリセリドリパーゼ
共役リノール酸を含む遊離脂肪酸の混合物はリノール油脂(株)の製品 CLA-80 (c9, t11-CLA, 33.1%; t10,c12-CLA, 33.9% c9,c11-CLA, 0.9%, c10,c12-CLA, 1.4%, other CLA,1.8%)を用いた。反応は50ml容バイアルビン中、スターラーで攪拌(500rpm)しながら行った。CLA-80/グリセリン（＝1：1〜10,mol/mol）混液５gとPenicillium camembertii モノ及びジグリセリドリパーゼの水溶液（200mg/ml, 10000U/ml; 天野エンザイム; リパーゼG）0.1mlからなる反応液を30℃で24時間攪拌しながらインキュベートした。反応液の組成と反応後のエステル化率を表1に示す。エステル化反応を30℃で行ったとき、遊離脂肪酸１モル量に対して7モル量のグリセリンを使用すると減圧脱水しなくても90%以上のエステル化率が得られた。また、本反応においてトリグリセリドは全く合成されず、グリセリド画分のモノグリセリドとジグリセリドの生成量は、基質として用いたグリセリン量に関係なくほぼ等量合成された。
表１
脂肪酸/グリセリン エステル化率 反応液の組成（％）
(モル/モル) （％） 脂肪酸 モノグリセリド ジグリセリド
1：1 64.0 36.0 30.2 33.8
1：2 78.8 21.2 38.8 40.0
1：5 83.4 16.6 40.7 42.7
1：7 91.1 8.9 43.0 48.1
1：10 91.9 8.1 43.6 48.2
[Example 1] Effect of glycerin content: Penicillium camembertii mono and di
A mixture of free fatty acids containing glyceride lipase conjugated linoleic acid is a product of Linoleum Oil Co., Ltd.CLA-80 (c9, t11-CLA, 33.1%; t10, c12-CLA, 33.9% c9, c11-CLA, 0.9%, c10 , c12-CLA, 1.4%, other CLA, 1.8%). The reaction was carried out in a 50 ml vial with stirring with a stirrer (500 rpm). A reaction solution consisting of 5 g of CLA-80 / glycerin (= 1: 1-10 mol / mol) mixed solution and Penicillium camembertii mono- and diglyceride lipase aqueous solution (200 mg / ml, 10000 U / ml; Amano Enzyme; Lipase G) Incubated with stirring at 30 ° C. for 24 hours. Table 1 shows the composition of the reaction solution and the esterification rate after the reaction. When the esterification reaction was carried out at 30 ° C., an esterification rate of 90% or more was obtained without using dehydration under reduced pressure when 7 mol of glycerin was used per 1 mol of free fatty acid. In this reaction, triglyceride was not synthesized at all, and the amount of monoglyceride and diglyceride produced in the glyceride fraction was almost equal regardless of the amount of glycerin used as a substrate.
Table 1
Fatty acid / glycerin esterification rate reaction liquid composition (%)
(Mol / mol) (%) Fatty acid Monoglyceride Diglyceride
1: 1 64.0 36.0 30.2 33.8
1: 2 78.8 21.2 38.8 40.0
1: 5 83.4 16.6 40.7 42.7
1: 7 91.1 8.9 43.0 48.1
1:10 91.9 8.1 43.6 48.2
［実施例２］ 温度の影響：Penicillium camembertii モノ及びジグリセリド
リパーゼ
CLA-80/グリセリン（1:5,mol/mol）５gとPenicillium camembertiiモノ及びジグリセリドリパーゼの水溶液（10000U/ml）0.1mlからなる反応液を5℃から50℃の温度領域で、スターラーで攪拌(500rpm)しながらインキュベートした。反応5時間及び24時間後のエステル化率と反応液の組成を表2に示す。反応温度の上昇と共にエステル化の速度も上昇した。反応温度を30℃以上に設定するとジグリセリドが副成してくるが、15℃以下の反応ではモノグリセリドからジグリセリドへの変換は抑えられた。
表２
反応温度 反応時間 エステル化率 反応液の組成（%）
（℃） （時間） （％） 脂肪酸 モノグリセリド ジグリセリド
5 5 49.5 50.5 49.1 0.4
24 88.6 11.4 83.8 4.8
15 5 66.8 33.1 64.8 2.1
24 87.9 12.1 80.5 7.4
30 5 81.1 18.9 55.4 25.7
24 85.8 14.2 44.7 41.1
40 5 82.6 17.4 58.6 24.0
24 86.1 13.9 46.9 39.2
50 5 82.1 17.9 55.5 26.4
24 86.1 13.9 45.3 40.8
Example 2 Effect of temperature: Penicillium camembertii mono and diglycerides
Lipase
Stir a reaction solution consisting of 5 g of CLA-80 / glycerin (1: 5, mol / mol) and 0.1 ml of an aqueous solution of Penicillium camembertii mono- and diglyceride lipase (10000 U / ml) with a stirrer in the temperature range of 5 ° C to 50 ° C ( (500 rpm). Table 2 shows the esterification rate after 5 hours and 24 hours of reaction and the composition of the reaction solution. As the reaction temperature increased, the rate of esterification also increased. When the reaction temperature was set to 30 ° C. or higher, diglyceride was formed as a by-product, but in the reaction at 15 ° C. or lower, conversion from monoglyceride to diglyceride was suppressed.
Table 2
Reaction temperature Reaction time Esterification rate Composition of reaction solution (%)
(℃) (Time) (%) Fatty acid Monoglyceride Diglyceride
5 5 49.5 50.5 49.1 0.4
24 88.6 11.4 83.8 4.8
15 5 66.8 33.1 64.8 2.1
24 87.9 12.1 80.5 7.4
30 5 81.1 18.9 55.4 25.7
24 85.8 14.2 44.7 41.1
40 5 82.6 17.4 58.6 24.0
24 86.1 13.9 46.9 39.2
50 5 82.1 17.9 55.5 26.4
24 86.1 13.9 45.3 40.8
［実施例３］ Penicillium camembertii モノ及びジグリセリドリパーゼを触
媒としたエステル化反応だけを利用して共役リノール酸含有モ
ノグリセリドを製造する方法
反応は1000ml容量のマル底４つ口フラスコを用い、攪拌はウオールウェッター(関西化学機械製作(株)製)を用いて行った。CLA-80/グリセリン（1:3, mol/mol）300gとPenicillium camembertiiモノ及びジグリセリドリパーゼの水溶液（10000 U/ml）６mlからなる反応液を5℃で攪拌(250rpm)しながら反応を開始した。反応経過に伴い反応液の流動性が低下してきたため、エステル化率が38.7％に達した10時間後に攪拌速度を100rpmまで落とし、エステル化率が48%に達した12時間後に50 rpm まで落とした。反応24時間後にエステル化率は88.2%に達し、反応液は完全に固化して攪拌の効果が全く認められなかったので攪拌を停止した。同時に、エステル化率をさらに高めるために、静置のまま3mmHg の減圧下で脱水しながらさらに48時間(全反応時間は72時間)反応を継続した。反応経過に伴うエステル化率及び反応液の組成を表3に示す。エステル化率が一定値に達した後に、減圧脱水することによりエステル化率を97.1%にまで高めることができた。また、低温で反応させたときジグリセリドの副成はほとんど認められず、反応終了時のグリセリド画分のモノグリセリド含量は97.0％に達した。
表３
反応時間 エステル化率 反応液の組成（%）
（時間） （％） 脂肪酸 モノグリセリド ジグリセリド
0 0 100 0 0
2 2.1 97.9 1.7 0.4
4 6.2 93.8 5.4 0.7
7 15.0 85.0 14.4 0.6
10 38.7 62.3 36.4 1.3
12 48.0 52.0 46.8 1.2
24 88.2 11.8 84.4 3.7
28 92.9 7.1 89.3 3.6
34 94.2 5.8 90.8 3.4
48 96.5 3.5 94.0 2.5
72 97.1 2.9 94.2 2.9
Example 3 Touching Penicillium camembertii mono- and diglyceride lipase
Conjugated linoleic acid-containing modules using only the esterification reaction as a medium
Method for producing noglyceride The reaction was carried out using a 1000 ml capacity round bottom four-necked flask, and the stirring was carried out using a wall wetter (manufactured by Kansai Chemical Machinery Co., Ltd.). The reaction was started while stirring a reaction solution consisting of 300 g of CLA-80 / glycerin (1: 3, mol / mol) and 6 ml of an aqueous solution of penicillium camembertii mono- and diglyceride lipase (10000 U / ml) at 5 ° C. (250 rpm). Since the fluidity of the reaction solution decreased with the progress of the reaction, the stirring speed was reduced to 100 rpm 10 hours after the esterification rate reached 38.7%, and it was reduced to 50 rpm 12 hours after the esterification rate reached 48%. . After 24 hours of the reaction, the esterification rate reached 88.2%, the reaction solution was completely solidified, and no stirring effect was observed, so stirring was stopped. At the same time, in order to further increase the esterification rate, the reaction was continued for 48 hours (total reaction time was 72 hours) while dehydrating under reduced pressure of 3 mmHg while still standing. Table 3 shows the esterification rate and the composition of the reaction solution as the reaction progresses. After the esterification rate reached a certain value, the esterification rate could be increased to 97.1% by dehydrating under reduced pressure. When the reaction was carried out at a low temperature, almost no diglyceride by-products were observed, and the monoglyceride content of the glyceride fraction at the end of the reaction reached 97.0%.
Table 3
Reaction time Esterification rate Composition of reaction liquid (%)
(Time) (%) Fatty acid Monoglyceride Diglyceride
0 0 100 0 0
2 2.1 97.9 1.7 0.4
4 6.2 93.8 5.4 0.7
7 15.0 85.0 14.4 0.6
10 38.7 62.3 36.4 1.3
12 48.0 52.0 46.8 1.2
24 88.2 11.8 84.4 3.7
28 92.9 7.1 89.3 3.6
34 94.2 5.8 90.8 3.4
48 96.5 3.5 94.0 2.5
72 97.1 2.9 94.2 2.9
［実施例４］ Penicillium camembertiiモノ及びジグリセリドリパーゼを触
媒としたエステル化反応だけを利用して共役リノール酸含有モ
ノグリセリドを製造する方法
反応は1000ml容量のマル底４つ口フラスコを用い、攪拌はウオールウェッター(関西化学機械製作(株)製)を用いて行った。CLA-80/グリセリン（1:5, mol/mol）300gとPenicillium camembertiiモノ及びジグリセリドリパーゼの水溶液（10000 U/ml）６mlからなる反応液を30℃で攪拌(280rpm)しながら反応を開始した。反応開始と共に5mmHgの減圧下で脱水を開始し、48時間反応を継続した。反応経過に伴うエステル化率及び反応液の組成を表4に示す。反応開始時から減圧脱水することにより、反応液が均一な液体状態のままでエステル化率を97.0%まで高めることができた。また、ジグリセリドの副成はほとんど認められず、反応終了時のグリセリド画分のモノグリセリド含量は89.3％に達した。
表４
反応時間 エステル化率 反応液の組成（%）
（時間） （％） 脂肪酸 モノグリセリド ジグリセリド
0 0 100 0 0
2 44.2 55.8 42.4 1.8
4 73.5 26.6 71.0 2.4
7 85.1 14.9 81.3 3.8
9 87.5 12.5 81.6 5.9
24 94.8 5.2 89.8 5.0
28 95.6 4.4 89.0 6.6
34 97.2 2.8 90.0 7.2
48 97.0 2.9 89.3 7.8
[Example 4] Penicillium camembertii mono and diglyceride lipase
Conjugated linoleic acid-containing modules using only the esterification reaction as a medium
Method for producing noglyceride The reaction was carried out using a 1000 ml capacity round bottom four-necked flask, and the stirring was carried out using a wall wetter (manufactured by Kansai Chemical Machinery Co., Ltd.). The reaction was started while stirring a reaction solution consisting of 300 g of CLA-80 / glycerin (1: 5, mol / mol) and 6 ml of an aqueous solution of Penicillium camembertii mono- and diglyceride lipase (10000 U / ml) at 30 ° C. (280 rpm). Dehydration was started under reduced pressure of 5 mmHg at the start of the reaction, and the reaction was continued for 48 hours. Table 4 shows the esterification rate and the composition of the reaction solution as the reaction progresses. By dehydrating under reduced pressure from the start of the reaction, the esterification rate could be increased to 97.0% while the reaction solution remained in a uniform liquid state. In addition, almost no diglyceride by-products were observed, and the monoglyceride content of the glyceride fraction at the end of the reaction reached 89.3%.
Table 4
Reaction time Esterification rate Composition of reaction liquid (%)
(Time) (%) Fatty acid Monoglyceride Diglyceride
0 0 100 0 0
2 44.2 55.8 42.4 1.8
4 73.5 26.6 71.0 2.4
7 85.1 14.9 81.3 3.8
9 87.5 12.5 81.6 5.9
24 94.8 5.2 89.8 5.0
28 95.6 4.4 89.0 6.6
34 97.2 2.8 90.0 7.2
48 97.0 2.9 89.3 7.8
［実施例５］ Penicillium camembertiiモノ及びジグリセリドリパーゼを触
媒として用い、エステル化反応とグリセロリシス反応を利用し
て共役リノール酸含有モノグリセリドを製造する方法
反応は実施例3と同じ装置を用いて同じ反応液組成で、30℃、250rpm の攪拌で開始した。エステル化率が84.0%に達した9時間後、3mmHgの減圧下で脱水しながら72時間まで攪拌しながら反応を継続した。この反応液をビーカーに取り出し、氷水につけて料理用ハンドミキサーで攪拌しながら反応液を完全に固化させた後、5℃で1週間放置した。反応経過に伴うエステル化率及び反応液の組成を表5に示す。エステル化率が一定値に達した後に、減圧脱水することによりエステル化率は72時間後に96.5%まで上昇した。この反応液中のグリセリド画分にはモノグリセリドとジグリセリドがほぼ等量存在した。取り出した反応液を固化させてから5℃で放置すると、ジグリセリドはグリセロリシスを受けてモノグリセリドに変換され、1週間後（全反応日数10日）、エステル化率は96.9%でほとんど変化しなかったが、グリセリド画分のモノグリセリド含量は95.0％まで上昇した。
表５
反応時間 エステル化率 反応液の組成（％）
（時間） （％） 脂肪酸 モノグリセリド ジグリセリド
0 0 100 0 0
1 48.3 51.7 46.2 2.1
2 71.4 28.6 66.9 4.5
4 80.8 19.2 64.6 16.2
7 81.9 18.1 56.6 25.3
9 84.0 16.0 59.7 24.3
24 90.6 9.4 48.7 41.9
48 94.6 5.4 46.5 48.1
72 96.5 3.5 47.6 48.9
120 97.3 2.7 69.1 28.2
168 96.5 3.5 84.1 11.4
240 96.9 3.1 92.1 4.8
[Example 5] Penicillium camembertii mono and diglyceride lipase
It is used as a medium and utilizes esterification reaction and glycerolysis reaction.
Method for Producing Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Containing Monoglyceride The reaction was started using the same apparatus as in Example 3 with the same reaction solution composition and stirring at 30 ° C. and 250 rpm. Nine hours after the esterification rate reached 84.0%, the reaction was continued with stirring up to 72 hours while dehydrating under a reduced pressure of 3 mmHg. The reaction solution was taken out into a beaker, placed in ice water and stirred with a cooking hand mixer to completely solidify the reaction solution, and then allowed to stand at 5 ° C. for 1 week. Table 5 shows the esterification rate and the composition of the reaction solution as the reaction progresses. After the esterification rate reached a certain value, dehydration under reduced pressure increased the esterification rate to 96.5% after 72 hours. In the glyceride fraction in this reaction solution, there were almost equal amounts of monoglyceride and diglyceride. When the taken out reaction solution was solidified and left at 5 ° C, diglyceride was converted to monoglyceride by glycerolysis, and after 1 week (total reaction days 10 days), the esterification rate was almost unchanged at 96.9%. The monoglyceride content of the glyceride fraction increased to 95.0%.
Table 5
Reaction time Esterification rate Composition of reaction liquid (%)
(Time) (%) Fatty acid Monoglyceride Diglyceride
0 0 100 0 0
1 48.3 51.7 46.2 2.1
2 71.4 28.6 66.9 4.5
4 80.8 19.2 64.6 16.2
7 81.9 18.1 56.6 25.3
9 84.0 16.0 59.7 24.3
24 90.6 9.4 48.7 41.9
48 94.6 5.4 46.5 48.1
72 96.5 3.5 47.6 48.9
120 97.3 2.7 69.1 28.2
168 96.5 3.5 84.1 11.4
240 96.9 3.1 92.1 4.8
［実施例６］ Candida rugosaリパーゼを触媒としたエステル化反応だけを利
用して共役リノール酸モノグリセリドを製造する方法
反応は実施例3と同じ装置を用いて行った。CLA-80/グリセリン（1:5, mol/mol）300g とCandida rugosa リパーゼの水溶液（100mg/ml; 35000U/ml;名糖産業;リパーゼ OF）7.5mlからなる反応液を5℃で攪拌(250rpm)しながら反応を開始した。反応経過に伴い反応液の流動性が低下してきたため、エステル化率が37.7%に達した4時間後に攪拌速度を100 rpmまで落とし、エステル化率が55.8%に達した7時間後に50 rpmまで落とした。反応24時間後にエステル化率は88.1%に達し、反応液は完全に固化して攪拌の効果が全く認められなかったので攪拌を停止した。本反応で、減圧脱水しなくてもエステル化率は95%以上に達したので、反応途中での脱水は行わなかった。反応経過に伴うエステル化率及び反応液の組成を表６に示す。この低温エステル化反応により、ジグリセリド及びトリグリセリドの副成はほとんど認められず、反応終了時のグリセリド画分のモノグリセリド含量は95.4%まで上昇した。
表６
反応時間 エステル 反応液の組成（％）
（時間） 化率（％）脂肪酸 モノグリセリド ジグリセリド トリグリセリド
0 0 100 0 0 0
2 29.3 70.7 26.9 2.4 0
4 37.7 62.3 33.7 4.0 0
7 55.8 44.2 49.7 6.1 0
10 62.9 37.1 51.5 11.4 0
24 88.1 11.9 76.9 9.9 1.3
48 94.4 5.6 86.5 6.9 1.0
72 96.0 4.0 91.6 3.2 1.1
[Example 6] Only an esterification reaction using Candida rugosa lipase as a catalyst is used.
To produce conjugated linoleic acid monoglyceride The reaction was carried out using the same apparatus as in Example 3. CLA-80 / glycerin (1: 5, mol / mol) 300g and Candida rugosa lipase aqueous solution (100mg / ml; 35000U / ml; Meitsu Sangyo; Lipase OF) 7.5ml stirred at 5 ° C (250rpm The reaction started. As the reaction progressed, the fluidity of the reaction solution decreased, so the stirring speed was reduced to 100 rpm 4 hours after the esterification rate reached 37.7%, and it was reduced to 50 rpm 7 hours after the esterification rate reached 55.8%. It was. After 24 hours of the reaction, the esterification rate reached 88.1%, the reaction solution was completely solidified, and no stirring effect was observed, so stirring was stopped. In this reaction, the esterification rate reached 95% or higher without dehydration under reduced pressure, so dehydration was not performed during the reaction. Table 6 shows the esterification rate and the composition of the reaction solution as the reaction progresses. By this low-temperature esterification reaction, almost no diglyceride and triglyceride by-products were observed, and the monoglyceride content of the glyceride fraction at the end of the reaction increased to 95.4%.
Table 6
Reaction time Composition of ester reaction solution (%)
(Time) Conversion rate (%) Fatty acid Monoglyceride Diglyceride Triglyceride
0 0 100 0 0 0
2 29.3 70.7 26.9 2.4 0
4 37.7 62.3 33.7 4.0 0
7 55.8 44.2 49.7 6.1 0
10 62.9 37.1 51.5 11.4 0
24 88.1 11.9 76.9 9.9 1.3
48 94.4 5.6 86.5 6.9 1.0
72 96.0 4.0 91.6 3.2 1.1
［実施例７］ Alcaligenes リパーゼを触媒として用い、エステル化反応とグ
リセロリシス反応を利用して共役リノール酸含有モノグリセリ
ドを製造する方法
反応は実施例３と同じ装置を用いて行った。CLA-80/グリセリン（1:3, mol/mol）300gとAlcaligenes sp.リパーゼの水溶液（50mg/ml; 1800U/ml; 名糖産業; リパーゼ OF）33mlからなる反応液を30℃、250 rpmで攪拌しながら反応を開始した。エステル化率が36.4％に達した20時間後、3mmHgの減圧下で脱水しながら30時間まで攪拌しながら反応を継続した。この反応液をビーカーに取り出し、氷水につけて料理用ハンディーミキサーで攪拌したが、反応液は固化しなかったのでそのまま5℃で1日放置した。反応液は固化していたが、加温して流動性を与えた後、氷水につけてミキサーで攪拌しながら反応液を完全に固化させた後、5℃で4日放置した。反応経過に伴うエステル化率及び反応液の組成を表７に示す。エステル化率が一定値に達した後に、減圧脱水することによりエステル化率は30時間後に96.4％まで上昇した。この反応液中のグリセリド画分にはモノ、ジ、トリグリセリドが存在した。取り出した反応液を5℃で放置し、途中で反応液を攪拌固化させることにより、ジおよびトリグリセリドはグリセロリシスを受けてモノグリセリドに変換された。全反応時間、150時間でのグリセリド画分のモノグリセリド含量は90.3％まで上昇し、低温放置によりエステル化率は全く変化しなかった。
表７
反応時間 エステル 反応液の組成（％）
（時間） 化率(%) 脂肪酸 モノグリセリド ジグリセリド トリグリセリド
0 0 100 0 0 0
7 23.4 76.6 7.4 10.1 5.9
20 36.4 63.6 12.2 16.6 7.7
25 85.8 14.2 29.8 41.0 15.0
30 96.4 3.6 14.9 54.3 27.2
54 95.1 4.9 50.9 34.2 10.0
102 96.8 3.2 76.3 19.4 1.1
150 96.2 3.8 86.9 8.4 0.9
[Example 7] Using Alcaligenes lipase as a catalyst, esterification reaction and
Conjugated linoleic acid-containing monoglycerides using lyserolysis reaction
The reaction was carried out using the same apparatus as in Example 3. A reaction solution consisting of 300 g of CLA-80 / glycerin (1: 3, mol / mol) and 33 ml of an aqueous solution of Alcaligenes sp. Lipase (50 mg / ml; 1800 U / ml; Meitsu Sangyo; Lipase OF) at 30 ° C and 250 rpm The reaction was started with stirring. 20 hours after the esterification rate reached 36.4%, the reaction was continued with stirring up to 30 hours while dehydrating under a reduced pressure of 3 mmHg. The reaction solution was taken out into a beaker, placed in ice water, and stirred with a cooking handy mixer. However, the reaction solution did not solidify and was left at 5 ° C. for 1 day. Although the reaction solution was solidified, it was heated to give fluidity, and then the solution was put on ice water and stirred with a mixer to solidify the reaction solution completely, and then left at 5 ° C. for 4 days. Table 7 shows the esterification rate and the composition of the reaction solution as the reaction progresses. After the esterification rate reached a certain value, dehydration under reduced pressure increased the esterification rate to 96.4% after 30 hours. Mono-, di-, and triglycerides were present in the glyceride fraction in the reaction solution. The taken out reaction liquid was allowed to stand at 5 ° C., and the reaction liquid was stirred and solidified on the way, whereby di- and triglycerides were converted to monoglycerides by glycerolysis. The monoglyceride content of the glyceride fraction in the total reaction time and 150 hours increased to 90.3%, and the esterification rate did not change at all when left at low temperature.
Table 7
Reaction time Composition of ester reaction solution (%)
(Time) Conversion rate (%) Fatty acid Monoglyceride Diglyceride Triglyceride
0 0 100 0 0 0
7 23.4 76.6 7.4 10.1 5.9
20 36.4 63.6 12.2 16.6 7.7
25 85.8 14.2 29.8 41.0 15.0
30 96.4 3.6 14.9 54.3 27.2
54 95.1 4.9 50.9 34.2 10.0
102 96.8 3.2 76.3 19.4 1.1
150 96.2 3.8 86.9 8.4 0.9
［実施例８］ モノグリセリド中の共役リノール酸含量
実施例3〜7で調整した反応液を加温して溶解した後、7000ｘｇで遠心分離して油層を回収した。Na-methylate を触媒として、常法に従いグリセリド画分の脂肪酸をメチル化し、その組成をガスクロマトグラフィーにより分析・定量した。結果を表８に示す。グリセリド画分の脂肪酸組成は原料として用いたCLA-80の脂肪酸組成と同じであった。これより、Penicillium camembertii のモノ及びジグリセリドリパーゼ、Candida rugosa リパーゼ、および Alcaligenes リパーゼは、CLA-80に含まれている全ての脂肪酸種を同じように認識することが分かった。したがって本明細書で示した方法を採用すると、原料中に含まれている脂肪酸組成と同じ組成のモノグリセリドを製造することができた。
表８
共役リノール酸
試 料 16:0 18:0 18:1 c9,t11 t10,c12 c9,c11 c10,c12 others
原料(CLA-80） 6.7 2.7 17.0 33.1 33.9 0.9 1.4 1.8
実施例３ 6.6 2.8 17.3 32.7 34.2 1.0 1.3 2.1
実施例４ 7.0 2.5 18.1 32.3 33.5 1.0 1.6 1.9
実施例５ 6.5 2.9 16.9 33.0 34.6 0.9 1.5 2.0
実施例６ 7.0 2.5 18.1 32.3 33.5 1.0 1.6 1.9
実施例７ 6.7 2.6 17.1 33.4 34.2 0.8 1.4 1.6
[Example 8] Conjugated linoleic acid content in monoglyceride The reaction liquid prepared in Examples 3 to 7 was heated and dissolved, and then centrifuged at 7000 xg to recover the oil layer. Using fatty acid as a catalyst, methylated fatty acids in the glyceride fraction were analyzed and quantified by gas chromatography. The results are shown in Table 8. The fatty acid composition of the glyceride fraction was the same as that of CLA-80 used as a raw material. This indicates that Penicillium camembertii mono- and diglyceride lipase, Candida rugosa lipase, and Alcaligenes lipase recognize all fatty acid species contained in CLA-80 in the same way. Therefore, when the method shown in the present specification was employed, monoglyceride having the same composition as the fatty acid composition contained in the raw material could be produced.
Table 8
Conjugated linoleic acid
Sample 16: 0 18: 0 18: 1 c9, t11 t10, c12 c9, c11 c10, c12 others
Raw material (CLA-80) 6.7 2.7 17.0 33.1 33.9 0.9 1.4 1.8
Example 3 6.6 2.8 17.3 32.7 34.2 1.0 1.3 2.1
Example 4 7.0 2.5 18.1 32.3 33.5 1.0 1.6 1.9
Example 5 6.5 2.9 16.9 33.0 34.6 0.9 1.5 2.0
Example 6 7.0 2.5 18.1 32.3 33.5 1.0 1.6 1.9
Example 7 6.7 2.6 17.1 33.4 34.2 0.8 1.4 1.6
［実施例９］ 蒸留法によるモノグリセリドの精製
実施例５で得られた反応液２００ｇ（酸価：6.01mgKOH/g）に５N KOHを4.28ml加え、さらにサフラワー油２００ｇを添加した。脱水後、分子蒸留機（神鋼パンテック（株））、Wiprene type 2-03）に負荷し、モノグリセリドの精製を試みた。まず、0.2mmHg、120℃で低沸点物質（7.9g）を除去した後、0.2mmHg、180℃で蒸留し、9.1gの留分を得た。この蒸留条件下で、通常遊離脂肪酸は留出してくる。それにもかかわらずモノグリセリドが留出してこないという結果は、遊離脂肪酸とモノグリセリドは分子蒸留により粗分画できることを示している。次いで、0.005mmHg、200℃で蒸留し、181.3gの留分を得た。留分の酸価は1.8mg KOH/gで、モノグリセリド／ ジグリセリド／遊離脂肪酸の重量比は97.2:1.9:0.9であった。これにより、少量混在している遊離脂肪酸を除去するために、これをケン化してから蒸留分画する方法が効果的であることを認めた。
[Example 9] Purification of monoglyceride by distillation method 4.28 ml of 5N KOH was added to 200 g (acid value: 6.01 mgKOH / g) of the reaction solution obtained in Example 5, and 200 g of safflower oil was further added. After dehydration, it was loaded on a molecular distillation machine (Shinko Pantech Co., Ltd., Wiprene type 2-03) to attempt purification of monoglyceride. First, a low boiling point substance (7.9 g) was removed at 0.2 mmHg and 120 ° C., and then distilled at 0.2 mmHg and 180 ° C. to obtain a 9.1 g fraction. Under this distillation condition, free fatty acids usually distill off. Nevertheless, the result that no monoglyceride is distilled indicates that free fatty acids and monoglycerides can be roughly fractionated by molecular distillation. Then, it was distilled at 0.005 mmHg and 200 ° C. to obtain 181.3 g of a fraction. The acid value of the fraction was 1.8 mg KOH / g, and the weight ratio of monoglyceride / diglyceride / free fatty acid was 97.2: 1.9: 0.9. Thereby, in order to remove the free fatty acid mixed in a small amount, it was recognized that the method of saponifying this and then performing distillation fractionation was effective.
Claims (12)
リパーゼを触媒として用い、共役脂肪酸を含む遊離脂肪酸とグリセリンを、エステル化またはエステル化とグリセロリシスの反応に付することを特徴とする共役脂肪酸含有モノグリセリドの製造方法。 The deoxidation / purification method according to claim 1, wherein a purified monoglyceride obtained by the following method is used as a raw material.
A method for producing a conjugated fatty acid-containing monoglyceride, characterized in that lipase is used as a catalyst and a free fatty acid containing conjugated fatty acid and glycerin are subjected to esterification or a reaction of esterification and glycerolysis.
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