JP4333940B2 - Hot-pressing method for high-strength automotive parts using aluminum-based plated steel - Google Patents

Hot-pressing method for high-strength automotive parts using aluminum-based plated steel Download PDF

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JP4333940B2
JP4333940B2 JP2002252747A JP2002252747A JP4333940B2 JP 4333940 B2 JP4333940 B2 JP 4333940B2 JP 2002252747 A JP2002252747 A JP 2002252747A JP 2002252747 A JP2002252747 A JP 2002252747A JP 4333940 B2 JP4333940 B2 JP 4333940B2
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heating
aluminum
plating
hot
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JP2003181549A (en
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純 真木
正芳 末廣
寿拓 宮腰
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車の補強部材、足回り等の高強度を要求される部品を製造するに当たって、アルミ系めっき鋼板を用いた高強度自動車部材の熱間プレス方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、地球環境問題を発端とした低燃費化の動きから自動車用鋼板の高強度化に対する要望が強い。しかし、一般に高強度化は加工性、成形性の低下、特に形状凍結性の低下を伴い、高強度、高成形性を両立する鋼板が望まれている。
これに対する一つの回答は、残留オーステナイトのマルテンサイト変態を利用したTRIP(TRansformation Induced Plasticity)鋼であり、近年用途が拡大しつつある。しかし、この鋼により、成形性の優れた1000MPa級の高強度鋼板は製造することは可能であるが、更に高強度、例えば1500MPa以上というような超高強度鋼で成形性を確保することは困難である。
【0003】
そこで、高強度、高成形性を両立する別の形として最近注目を浴びているのが熱間プレス(ホットプレス)である。これは鋼板を800℃以上のオーステナイト領域まで加熱した後に成形することにより高強度鋼板の成形性の課題を無くし、成形後の冷却により焼きを入れて所望の材質を得るというものである。この成形法を使用することにより、プレス品の残留応力も減少するため、高強度鋼板で問題となる、置き割れ、遅れ破壊等への感受性も低下する。しかし、大気中での加熱を伴うため、表面に酸化物が生成してこれを後工程で除去する必要がある。これを改善したものが特開2000−38640号公報であり、0.15〜0.5%の炭素を含有する鋼板にアルミめっきして加熱時の酸化抑制を図っている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
この発明は、高強度の成形部品を効率良く製造するのに有効であるが、以下の欠点を有している。すなわち、アルミ系めっき鋼板を800℃以上に加熱すると非常に短時間で表面までFeが拡散してめっき層が金属間化合物に変化する(合金化する)。従って、熱間プレスの際には表面まで合金化された状態でのプレス成形となる。そうするとこの金属間化合物は非常に硬く、脆性であるため、熱間プレス成形時に粉状に剥離しやすい。剥離しためっき層は金型に堆積してプレス時の疵を惹起したり、剥離した部位は耐食性が低下する傾向があったりすることから合金化しためっき層の加工性を向上させる必要があった。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記のような課題を克服するためにアルミ系めっき鋼板の合金化後の加工性への影響因子を詳細に検討した結果、次の知見を得た。すなわち、熱間プレスの前の加熱条件を適正化することでめっきの剥離を防止することが可能である。この理由は明らかでないが、加熱条件によりめっき層が合金化して、その相構造が複雑に変化しており、加工という意味で適正な相構造があるものと推察される。その発明の要旨とするところは、鋼成分として質量%で、C:0.05〜0.24%を含有する鋼にAlを主体とするめっきを施した鋼板を用いて自動車部材を熱間プレスで製造する際に、縦軸を加熱温度、横軸を加熱時間とする関係で、下記ABCDEFを結ぶ線よりも長時間側(図2の斜線領域)で加熱温度850〜1100℃、加熱時間20分以下の加熱条件で加熱した後にプレス成型で部材を成形し、かつ、少なくとも部材の一部を10℃/sec以上の冷却速度で冷却することを特徴とするアルミ系めっき鋼板を用いた高強度自動車部材の熱間プレス方法。
A(850℃,15分)、B(900℃,13分)、C(950℃,8分)、D(1000℃,6分)、E(1050℃,4分)、F(1100℃,2分)
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明の限定理由について説明する。
先ず、加熱する前のアルミ系めっき鋼板の具備すべき構成について述べる。アルミ系めっき層は熱間プレスの前の加熱により合金化して異なる相へ変化するため、ここで述べるアルミ系めっき層の要件はプレス前のものである。鋼板成分は合金化によっても変化しないため、プレス前後ともに具備すべき要件となる。
【0007】
前述したように、本発明はアルミ系めっき鋼板を加熱後、熱間で成形して直ちに冷却して焼入れして所望の強度を得るものであり、鋼板成分としては焼入れ性に優れていることが必要とされる。このためにはC量が0.05%以上が必要であり、望ましくは0.1%以上である。他の鋼中元素については、Si,Mn,Ti,B,Cr,Mo,Al,P,S,N等の元素が通常使われ得る。Siは疲労特性に効果があり、Mn,Bは焼入れ性の向上に寄与する。Ti,Si,Cr,Mo,Alは、また、アルミ系めっき鋼板を加熱した際の耐酸化熱性を向上させる元素である。
【0008】
アルミ系めっき層の構成としては、Alを主成分とし、Siの添加も可能である。この他の添加元素としてCr,Mg,Ti,Sb,Sn,Zn等が考えられるが、めっき層がAlを主体とする限り、適用可能である。しかし、Znは沸点が低く、大量に添加すると加熱時に表面に粉体状のZnを生成して、プレス時のカジリを惹きおこすため、60%以上の添加は望ましくない。
【0009】
アルミ系めっき層の付着量、めっき前処理、後処理については特に限定するものではない。めっき付着量は通常の片面30〜100g/m2 の範囲ではなんら問題ない。めっき後処理として一次防錆、潤滑性を目的としてクロメート処理、樹脂被覆処理等ありうるが、有機樹脂は加熱すると消失してしまうため好ましくない。クロメート処理も近年の6価クロム規制を考慮すると、電解クロメート等の3価の処理皮膜が好ましい。
【0010】
次に、アルミ系めっき鋼板を加熱して合金化させる際に具備すべき要件について述べる。加熱後の表面にはFeAl3 、Fe2 Al5 、Fe3 Al、Fe2 Al8 Si等の金属間化合物が生成し得る。これらの相は層状に複層構造をとる傾向にあるが、これらの相構造については特に限定しない。その組成としては、Al,Feを主成分とし、加熱前のアルミめっき層にSiを含有するときには、加熱後にはSiが5〜10%程度含有されうる。これらの元素の組成が合計で90%以上を占める。また、加熱により表面まで金属間化合物に変化させた後にプレス成形するものとする。これは表面にAlが多量に残存していると溶接性や塗装後耐食性を損なうためである。合金化していないAlが表面に微量残存することはありうるが、微量であれば特に性能には影響しない。
【0011】
本発明での加熱、冷却条件であるが、加熱、冷却の方法については特に限定しない。大気炉等の加熱炉中で加熱しても、誘導加熱、通電加熱等を使用してもよい。このときの加熱速度も限定しない。これは当然板厚、形状に大きく依存する。今回加熱での保定時間が長いほど、その後の成形時のめっき密着性に優れるという新たな知見が得られた。加熱温度は850〜1100℃程度、好ましくは900〜1000℃であり、この温度で数分程度保定することが重要である。しかし、その保定時間は温度に依存し、A(850℃,15分)、B(900℃,13分)、C(950℃,8分)、D(1000℃,6分)、E(1050℃,4分)、F(1100℃,2分)点よりも長時間側で保定するものとする。
【0012】
しかし、保定時間を長くすることはプレス成型の生産性を低下させることになるため、この妥協点として950℃で5〜8分加熱することで実用上十分なめっき密着性が得られる。焼入れ組織を得るには当然冷却速度の影響が大きく、10℃/sec以上の冷却速度が必要である。これは鋼成分に依存し、焼入れ性の良好な鋼では10℃/sec程度の冷却速度でも所望のマルテンサイトを主体とする組織が得られるし、鋼種によっては30℃/sec程度の冷却速度が必要となる。
【0013】
次に、実施例で本発明をより詳細に説明する。
【実施例】
(実施例1)
通常の熱延、冷延工程を経た、表1に示すような鋼成分の冷延鋼板(板厚1.2mm)を材料として、溶融アルミめっきを行った。溶融アルミめっきは無酸化炉−還元炉タイプのラインを使用し、めっき後ガスワイピング法でめっき付着量を両面120g/m2 に調節し、その後冷却し、ゼロスパングル処理を施した。この際のめっき浴組成としてはAl−10%Si−2%Feであった。浴中のFeは浴中のめっき機器やストリップから供給される不可避のものである。めっき外観は不めっき等なく良好であった。このようにして製造した溶融アルミめっき鋼板を大気炉中で加熱後、種々の温度に保定し、図1のような形状に成形加工した。このとき金型を水冷しておき金型で冷却した。加熱速度は約5〜10℃/sec、冷却速度は部位により異なるが、速い箇所で約100℃/sec、遅い箇所で20℃/secであった。このときのめっきの加工性(耐剥離性)を評価した。めっき剥離は圧縮面に筋状、あるいは点状に発生していた。その加熱条件とめっきの剥離状況の関係を表2に示す。また、本発明の加熱条件を図2に示す。
【0014】
【表1】

Figure 0004333940
【0015】
【表2】
Figure 0004333940
【0016】
表2に示すように、800℃というような低温では20分加熱しても未だ密着性が完全とは言えないが、加熱温度が高くなると10分以下の保定時間で良好な密着性が得られる。900℃で5分、1000℃で2分の保定時間では密着性が不十分である。
【0017】
(実施例2)
めっき付着量の影響を調査するため、実施例1で使用した鋼成分のアルミめっき鋼板の付着量を80、120、160、200g/m2 と変えた材料を製造した。この材料を実施例1と同じ評価方法で評価した。このときの加熱条件としては表2のNo.3、4の条件を使用した。成形後、いずれのめっき付着量の材料においてもめっき剥離は認められず、実施例1の○相当の外観が得られた。
【0018】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明は、高強度自動車部品を成形するための熱間プレス方法を提供することにあり、今後の自動車軽量化に大きく寄与するものと思われ、産業上の寄与は大きい。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る鋼板の成形加工した形状を示す図
【図2】本発明の加熱時間と加熱温度との関係を示す図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a hot pressing method for a high-strength automobile member using an aluminum-based plated steel sheet in the manufacture of parts that require high strength, such as automobile reinforcement members and undercarriages.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, there has been a strong demand for higher strength steel sheets for automobiles due to the trend toward lower fuel consumption due to global environmental problems. However, generally, the increase in strength is accompanied by a decrease in workability and formability, particularly a decrease in shape freezing property, and a steel sheet having both high strength and high formability is desired.
One answer to this is TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) steel using martensitic transformation of retained austenite, and its use is expanding in recent years. However, although it is possible to produce a 1000 MPa class high strength steel plate with excellent formability by using this steel, it is difficult to secure formability with ultra high strength steel such as higher strength, for example, 1500 MPa or more. It is.
[0003]
Therefore, hot press has recently been attracting attention as another form that achieves both high strength and high formability. This eliminates the problem of formability of a high-strength steel sheet by forming it after heating the steel sheet to an austenite region of 800 ° C. or higher, and obtains a desired material by quenching by cooling after forming. By using this forming method, the residual stress of the pressed product is also reduced, so that the sensitivity to cracking, delayed fracture, etc., which is a problem with high-strength steel sheets, is also reduced. However, since it involves heating in the atmosphere, an oxide is generated on the surface and needs to be removed in a later step. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-38640 has improved this, and is intended to suppress oxidation during heating by aluminizing a steel sheet containing 0.15-0.5% carbon.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention is effective for efficiently producing a high-strength molded part, but has the following drawbacks. That is, when an aluminum-based plated steel sheet is heated to 800 ° C. or higher, Fe diffuses to the surface in a very short time, and the plating layer changes to an intermetallic compound (alloys). Therefore, in the case of hot pressing, press forming is performed in a state of being alloyed to the surface. Then, since this intermetallic compound is very hard and brittle, it is easy to peel off in powder form during hot press molding. It was necessary to improve the workability of the alloyed plating layer because the peeled plating layer was deposited on the mold and caused wrinkles during pressing, or the peeled portion tended to decrease the corrosion resistance. .
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to overcome the above-described problems, the present inventors have studied in detail the influence factors on workability after alloying of an aluminum-plated steel sheet, and as a result, have obtained the following knowledge. That is, it is possible to prevent peeling of the plating by optimizing the heating conditions before hot pressing. The reason for this is not clear, but it is presumed that the plating layer is alloyed under heating conditions and its phase structure changes in a complex manner, and that there is an appropriate phase structure in terms of processing. The gist of the invention is to hot press an automobile member using a steel plate in which a steel component containing C: 0.05 to 0.24% in mass% as a steel component is plated mainly with Al. In the manufacturing process, the vertical axis represents the heating temperature and the horizontal axis represents the heating time, so that the heating temperature is 850 to 1100 ° C. and the heating time is longer than the line connecting ABCD EF below (hatched area in FIG. 2). A high-use aluminum-plated steel sheet characterized by forming a member by press molding after heating under a heating condition of 20 minutes or less, and cooling at least a part of the member at a cooling rate of 10 ° C./sec or more. Hot pressing method for high strength automotive parts.
A (850 ° C., 15 minutes), B (900 ° C., 13 minutes), C (950 ° C., 8 minutes), D (1000 ° C., 6 minutes), E (1050 ° C., 4 minutes), F (1100 ° C., 2 minutes)
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, the reason for limitation of the present invention will be described.
First, the structure which should comprise the aluminum-plated steel plate before heating is described. Since the aluminum-based plating layer is alloyed by heating before hot pressing and changes to a different phase, the requirements for the aluminum-based plating layer described here are those before pressing. Since the steel plate component does not change even by alloying, it is a requirement to be provided both before and after pressing.
[0007]
As described above, the present invention, after heating the aluminum-based plated steel sheet, is formed hot, immediately cooled and quenched to obtain a desired strength, and the steel sheet component is excellent in hardenability. Needed. For this purpose, the amount of C is required to be 0.05% or more, preferably 0.1% or more. For other steel elements, elements such as Si, Mn, Ti, B, Cr, Mo, Al, P, S, and N can usually be used. Si is effective in fatigue characteristics, and Mn and B contribute to improvement of hardenability. Ti, Si, Cr, Mo, and Al are elements that improve oxidation heat resistance when an aluminum-based plated steel sheet is heated.
[0008]
As the structure of the aluminum-based plating layer, Al is the main component, and Si can be added. As other additive elements, Cr, Mg, Ti, Sb, Sn, Zn, and the like are conceivable, but they can be applied as long as the plating layer is mainly composed of Al. However, Zn has a low boiling point, and when added in a large amount, powdery Zn is generated on the surface during heating and causes galling during pressing, so addition of 60% or more is not desirable.
[0009]
The adhesion amount of the aluminum-based plating layer, the plating pretreatment, and the post-treatment are not particularly limited. There is no problem if the plating adhesion amount is in the range of 30 to 100 g / m 2 on a normal side. As the post-plating treatment, there may be a chromate treatment, a resin coating treatment, etc. for the purpose of primary rust prevention and lubricity, but the organic resin disappears when heated, which is not preferable. In consideration of the recent hexavalent chromium regulation, the chromate treatment is preferably a trivalent treatment film such as electrolytic chromate.
[0010]
Next, the requirements to be met when heating and alloying an aluminum-based plated steel sheet will be described. Intermetallic compounds such as FeAl 3 , Fe 2 Al 5 , Fe 3 Al, and Fe 2 Al 8 Si can be formed on the heated surface. These phases tend to have a multilayer structure in layers, but the phase structure is not particularly limited. As for the composition, when Al and Fe are the main components and Si is contained in the aluminum plating layer before heating, about 5 to 10% of Si can be contained after heating. The composition of these elements accounts for 90% or more in total. Moreover, press-molding is performed after changing the surface to an intermetallic compound by heating. This is because if a large amount of Al remains on the surface, the weldability and corrosion resistance after coating are impaired. A small amount of unalloyed Al may remain on the surface, but the performance is not particularly affected if the amount is small.
[0011]
Although it is the heating and cooling conditions in the present invention, the heating and cooling methods are not particularly limited. Heating may be performed in a heating furnace such as an atmospheric furnace, or induction heating, electric heating, or the like may be used. The heating rate at this time is not limited. This naturally depends largely on the plate thickness and shape. A new finding was obtained that the longer the holding time during heating, the better the plating adhesion during subsequent forming. The heating temperature is about 850 to 1100 ° C., preferably 900 to 1000 ° C., and it is important to hold at this temperature for about several minutes. However, the retention time depends on the temperature, and A (850 ° C., 15 minutes), B (900 ° C., 13 minutes), C (950 ° C., 8 minutes), D (1000 ° C., 6 minutes), E (1050) The temperature is held for a longer time than 6 points (° C., 4 minutes) and F (1100 ° C., 2 minutes) .
[0012]
However, since increasing the holding time decreases the productivity of press molding, practically sufficient plating adhesion can be obtained by heating at 950 ° C. for 5 to 8 minutes as a compromise. Naturally, the effect of the cooling rate is large to obtain a quenched structure, and a cooling rate of 10 ° C./sec or more is required. This depends on the steel composition, and a steel with good hardenability can obtain a structure mainly composed of the desired martensite even at a cooling rate of about 10 ° C./sec. Depending on the steel type, a cooling rate of about 30 ° C./sec can be obtained. Necessary.
[0013]
Next, an Example demonstrates this invention in detail.
【Example】
Example 1
Hot aluminum and cold rolling processes were used, and hot-dip aluminum plating was performed using cold-rolled steel sheets (thickness 1.2 mm) having steel components as shown in Table 1 as materials. For the molten aluminum plating, a non-oxidation furnace-reduction furnace type line was used. After plating, the amount of plating adhered was adjusted to 120 g / m 2 on both sides by a gas wiping method, followed by cooling and zero spangle treatment. The plating bath composition at this time was Al-10% Si-2% Fe. Fe in the bath is inevitable supplied from plating equipment or strips in the bath. The plating appearance was good with no plating. The hot-dip aluminum-plated steel sheet produced in this way was heated in an atmospheric furnace, held at various temperatures, and formed into a shape as shown in FIG. At this time, the mold was cooled with water and cooled with the mold. The heating rate was about 5 to 10 ° C./sec, and the cooling rate was different depending on the site, but it was about 100 ° C./sec at the fast spot and 20 ° C./sec at the slow spot. The processability (peeling resistance) of the plating at this time was evaluated. Plating peeling occurred in the form of streaks or dots on the compressed surface. Table 2 shows the relationship between the heating conditions and the peeling state of the plating. Moreover, the heating conditions of this invention are shown in FIG.
[0014]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004333940
[0015]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004333940
[0016]
As shown in Table 2, even when heated at a low temperature of 800 ° C. for 20 minutes, the adhesion is still not perfect, but when the heating temperature is increased, good adhesion can be obtained with a holding time of 10 minutes or less. . Adhesion is insufficient at a holding time of 900 ° C. for 5 minutes and 1000 ° C. for 2 minutes.
[0017]
(Example 2)
In order to investigate the influence of the plating adhesion amount, materials were manufactured in which the adhesion amount of the aluminum-plated steel plate of the steel component used in Example 1 was changed to 80, 120, 160, and 200 g / m 2 . This material was evaluated by the same evaluation method as in Example 1. As the heating conditions at this time, No. 2 in Table 2 was used. Three or four conditions were used. After molding, plating peeling was not observed in any of the plating adhesion materials, and the appearance corresponding to ○ in Example 1 was obtained.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention is to provide a hot pressing method for molding high-strength automobile parts, which is considered to greatly contribute to future automobile weight reduction, and has a large industrial contribution. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the shape of a steel sheet according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the heating time and the heating temperature of the present invention.

Claims (1)

鋼成分として質量%で、C:0.05〜0.24%を含有する鋼にAlを主体とするめっきを施した鋼板を用いて自動車部材を熱間プレスで製造する際に、縦軸を加熱温度、横軸を加熱時間とする関係で、下記ABCDEFを結ぶ線よりも長時間側(図2の斜線領域)で加熱温度850〜1100℃、加熱時間20分以下の加熱条件で加熱した後にプレス成型で部材を成形し、かつ、少なくとも部材の一部を10℃/sec以上の冷却速度で冷却することを特徴とするアルミ系めっき鋼板を用いた高強度自動車部材の熱間プレス方法。
A(850℃,15分)、B(900℃,13分)、C(950℃,8分)、D(1000℃,分)、E(1050℃,4分)、F(1100℃,2分)
When manufacturing an automobile member by hot pressing using a steel plate that is mainly composed of Al on steel containing C: 0.05 to 0.24% in mass% as a steel component, the vertical axis is In relation to the heating temperature and the horizontal axis as the heating time, heating was performed under a heating condition of a heating temperature of 850 to 1100 ° C. and a heating time of 20 minutes or less on the longer side (shaded area in FIG. 2) connecting the following ABCD EF . A method for hot pressing a high-strength automobile member using an aluminum-based plated steel sheet, wherein a member is formed later by press molding, and at least a part of the member is cooled at a cooling rate of 10 ° C./sec or more.
A ( 850 ° C., 15 minutes), B (900 ° C., 13 minutes), C ( 950 ° C., 8 minutes), D ( 1000 ° C., 6 minutes), E ( 1050 ° C., 4 minutes), F ( 1100 ° C., 2 minutes)
JP2002252747A 2001-08-31 2002-08-30 Hot-pressing method for high-strength automotive parts using aluminum-based plated steel Expired - Fee Related JP4333940B2 (en)

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