JP4309938B2 - Partial denture - Google Patents

Partial denture Download PDF

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JP4309938B2
JP4309938B2 JP2007239402A JP2007239402A JP4309938B2 JP 4309938 B2 JP4309938 B2 JP 4309938B2 JP 2007239402 A JP2007239402 A JP 2007239402A JP 2007239402 A JP2007239402 A JP 2007239402A JP 4309938 B2 JP4309938 B2 JP 4309938B2
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denture
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maintenance
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英雄 中川
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本発明は、使用者が受ける拘束感を減らすために、残存歯にあてがわれて装着状態を保持する装着状態保持部を備える部分義歯において、オンサイトでの製作が可能な部分義歯に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a partial denture that can be manufactured on-site in a partial denture having an attachment state holding portion that is applied to a remaining tooth and holds the attachment state in order to reduce the sense of restraint experienced by a user. is there.

図12(a)は、旧来のクラスプを取り付けた状態を頬側(表側)から見た場合の正面図であり、図12(b)は上面図である。旧来のクラスプは、図12(a),(b)に示すように、人工歯側に固定される固定部108の先端に設けられ、鉤状の鉤状アーム109が、人工歯側(図中左側)の上部から斜め下部遠方へ延びて維持歯103を囲むように拘束する。   FIG. 12A is a front view when a state in which a conventional clasp is attached is viewed from the cheek side (front side), and FIG. 12B is a top view. As shown in FIGS. 12 (a) and 12 (b), the conventional clasp is provided at the tip of the fixing portion 108 fixed to the artificial tooth side, and the hook-shaped hook-shaped arm 109 is connected to the artificial tooth side (in the figure It is constrained to extend from the upper part of the left side to the obliquely lower part and surround the maintenance teeth 103.

上記の鉤状アーム109は、維持歯103を側部および上部から立体的に取り囲み、維持歯103へ大きな負担をかけていた。図12(a)において、固定部108の先の基点111から突き出し、維持歯の歯冠部トップを上から抑えるレスト110と、基点111から斜め下方に維持歯の豊隆部(張り出し部)を経てアンダーカット部または歯頚部にいたる鉤状アーム109とが、立体的なカセ(枷)といってもよいほどの態様で維持歯103を拘束する。クラスプは、金属ワイヤまたは鋳造金属でなるが、維持歯へ大きな負担がかかるという点では、クラスプが鋳造金属製でも金属ワイヤ製でも同じである。   The saddle-shaped arm 109 three-dimensionally surrounds the maintenance teeth 103 from the side and the upper portion, and places a heavy burden on the maintenance teeth 103. In FIG. 12 (a), it protrudes from the base point 111 ahead of the fixing part 108 and holds the crown top of the maintenance tooth from the top, and a ridge (protruding part) of the maintenance tooth obliquely downward from the base point 111. The maintenance arm 103 is constrained in such a manner that it can be called a three-dimensional casket. The clasp is made of metal wire or cast metal, but the clasp is the same whether it is made of cast metal or metal wire in that a large burden is placed on the maintenance teeth.

上記のような旧来のクラスプを備えた部分義歯で食物を噛むと、鉤状アーム109の基点111(鉤状アーム109とレスト110との接続部分)が維持歯103の上端に位置するため、テコの原理により基点111付近を支点として鉤状アーム109が動揺し、維持歯103を揺さぶることになる。このため、顎堤粘膜に痛みが生じたり、部分義歯が外れたりする事例を生じる。また、レスト部分では咬合圧をまともに受けるため、レストが取れる等の破損が生じ、破損物を呑み込むなどの問題を生じることがあった。さらに、鉤状アーム109が、舌、唇、頬粘膜等と接触し、違和感を生じるなど、良好な使用感が得られないことが多かった。   When food is chewed with a partial denture having an old clasp as described above, the base point 111 of the hook-shaped arm 109 (the connecting portion between the hook-shaped arm 109 and the rest 110) is located at the upper end of the maintenance tooth 103. Based on the above principle, the hook-shaped arm 109 is swung around the base point 111 and the maintenance tooth 103 is swung. For this reason, the case where a pain arises in a ridge mucosa or a partial denture comes off arises. Further, since the occlusal pressure is properly received at the rest portion, damage such as removal of the rest may occur, and problems such as swallowing the damaged material may occur. Furthermore, the saddle-shaped arm 109 often comes into contact with the tongue, lips, cheek mucous membrane, and the like, resulting in an uncomfortable feeling and often fails to provide a good feeling of use.

また、旧来のクラスプを使用した部分義歯は、図12(a),(b)に示すように、鉤状アームが表側に大きく露出することになり、義歯床によって覆い隠すことができない。このため、鉤状アーム109が目立って、とくに前歯部において審美性の点で大きな問題があった。   In addition, as shown in FIGS. 12 (a) and 12 (b), the partial denture using the old clasp cannot be covered by the denture base because the hook-shaped arm is greatly exposed on the front side. For this reason, the hook-shaped arm 109 is conspicuous, and there is a big problem in terms of aesthetics, particularly in the front tooth portion.

上記の問題を解決するために、金属クラスプを用いずに弾力性に富んだ熱可塑性樹脂で部分義歯の維持部および床部を形成した、ノンクラスプデンチャ(ノンクラスプ義歯)と呼ばれる部分義歯が提供されている。熱可塑性樹脂として、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ナイロン(ポリアミド)系樹脂等が用いられる。ポリカーボネート樹脂は、わが国でも認可されているものもあるが、ナイロン系樹脂は、未認可である。ナイロン系樹脂を用いたノンクラスプ義歯の例を図13に示す。これは米国において実用化されているもので、バルプラスト(登録商標)、ルシトーン等の名称で呼ばれる部分義歯である。ポリカーボネート樹脂を用いたノンクラスプ義歯も、図13のノンクラスプ義歯と同様の考え方のもとに、図13と同様の形状のものが、わが国でも用いられている。また、ナイロン系樹脂を用いたバルプラスト等のノンクラスプ義歯(非特許文献2、3)は、わが国での認可がどうなるかは不明である。現段階では、ナイロン系樹脂のノンクラスプ義歯は、当該熱可塑性樹脂材料が個人輸入され、国内で既に未認可のまま使用が始まっている。これらの部分義歯150は、図13に示すように、人工歯131以外はすべて熱可塑性樹脂で形成される。部分義歯の維持としては、まず(1)大ぶりの義歯床(熱可塑性樹脂)120と顎堤粘膜との大きい密着面積によって、維持力を得る。さらに、(2)頬側にウィングと呼ばれる翼状の幅広突出部Wを配置して、舌側の凹状壁121bとの間で図示していない維持歯とその維持歯に接する歯茎の一部を挟み付け、その弾性力で大きな維持力を確保している。部分義歯150は、維持歯が、図13の部分義歯150の空隙部161hから出るように、装着される。このような部分義歯150によれば、従来の鉤状の金属クラスプによる拘束よりは維持歯の負担が軽減され、装着感も改善される。また、金属クラスプを使用しないため、熱可塑性樹脂の色を歯肉と同じ色にすれば、審美性も向上する。しかし、上記のウィングWは、維持歯の歯牙から歯茎(歯頚部)にまで密着被蓋するため、窮屈感または息苦しさは大きく、とくに食物の咬合・咀嚼の際に違和感が大きいと考えられる。また、顎堤粘膜または歯茎を覆う義歯床120の面積が広いことは、部分義歯150の容積を大きくして、口腔内の違和感を増幅し、味覚等に障害を与えている。そのほかにも、熱可塑性樹脂の特性である大きい弾性変形能が、咬合時の不安定感を増すという短所もある。   In order to solve the above problem, a partial denture called a non-clasp denture (non-clasp denture) in which a maintenance portion and a floor portion of a partial denture are formed of a thermoplastic resin rich in elasticity without using a metal clasp. Is provided. As the thermoplastic resin, polycarbonate resin, nylon (polyamide) resin, or the like is used. Some polycarbonate resins are approved in Japan, but nylon resins are not approved. An example of a non-clasp denture using a nylon resin is shown in FIG. This is a partial denture that has been put into practical use in the United States and is called by the names such as Valplast (registered trademark) and Lucitone. A non-clasp denture using a polycarbonate resin is also used in Japan in the same shape as in FIG. 13 based on the same concept as the non-clasp denture in FIG. In addition, it is unclear what the approval in Japan will be for non-clasp dentures such as Valplast using nylon resin (Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3). At the present stage, non-clasp dentures made of nylon resin have been imported by private import of the thermoplastic resin material and have already been used in Japan without authorization. As shown in FIG. 13, these partial dentures 150 are all made of a thermoplastic resin except for the artificial teeth 131. To maintain the partial denture, first, (1) a maintenance force is obtained by a large contact area between the large denture base (thermoplastic resin) 120 and the ridge mucosa. Further, (2) a wing-like wide protrusion W called a wing is arranged on the cheek side, and a maintenance tooth (not shown) and a part of a gum contacting the maintenance tooth are sandwiched between the tongue-side concave wall 121b. A large maintenance force is secured by the elastic force. The partial denture 150 is mounted such that the maintenance teeth exit from the gap 161h of the partial denture 150 in FIG. According to such a partial denture 150, the burden on the maintenance teeth is reduced and the wearing feeling is improved as compared with the restraint by the conventional bowl-shaped metal clasp. Moreover, since a metal clasp is not used, if the color of the thermoplastic resin is the same as that of gingiva, the aesthetics are also improved. However, since the wing W is tightly covered from the teeth of the maintenance teeth to the gums (tooth neck), it is considered that the feeling of cramping or stuffyness is great, especially when food is bitten and chewed. Moreover, the large area of the denture base 120 covering the alveolar mucous membrane or gums increases the volume of the partial denture 150, amplifies the sense of discomfort in the oral cavity, and impairs the taste and the like. In addition, the large elastic deformability, which is a characteristic of thermoplastic resins, has the disadvantage of increasing the sense of instability during occlusion.

なお、人工歯は樹脂部の樹脂で固定される。人工歯には、歯列方向に遠心側と近心側と結んで貫通する歯列方向小孔と、人口歯底部から上記の歯列方向小孔に開口する歯軸方向小孔とが設けられ、いわばT字状小孔が形成されている。樹脂部において、樹脂は、この人工歯のT字状小孔を充填しているので、T字状の樹脂糸が人工歯の内部に形成され、人工歯の周囲を保持する樹脂とともに、人工歯の固定を確実なものとしている。わが国では樹脂部を含めて義歯床の樹脂の材料は、上記の例外的なポリカーボネート樹脂以外は、主に加熱重合レジンおよび常温重合レジンが認可されていた。加熱重合レジンは、硬く、熱可塑性樹脂に比べて弾性変形能が小さいことが特徴である。わが国では、部分義歯の樹脂部には、もっぱらこの加熱重合レジンが用いられてきた。このため、上述のノンクラスプ義歯150以外には、熱可塑性樹脂を主要部に用いた部分義歯の例は、現状では少ないとおもわれる。   The artificial tooth is fixed with the resin of the resin portion. The artificial tooth is provided with a dentition direction small hole that penetrates through the dentition direction from the distal side to the mesial side, and a tooth axis direction small hole that opens from the artificial tooth bottom to the dentition direction small hole. In other words, a T-shaped small hole is formed. In the resin part, since the resin fills the T-shaped small hole of the artificial tooth, a T-shaped resin thread is formed inside the artificial tooth, and together with the resin that holds the periphery of the artificial tooth, the artificial tooth Is secured. In Japan, the resin material of the denture base including the resin part has been approved mainly for the heat polymerization resin and the room temperature polymerization resin except the above-mentioned exceptional polycarbonate resin. The heat-polymerized resin is characterized by being hard and having a small elastic deformability as compared with a thermoplastic resin. In Japan, this heat-polymerized resin has been used exclusively for the resin portion of the partial denture. For this reason, it is thought that there are few examples of the partial denture which used the thermoplastic resin for the main part other than the above-mentioned non clasp denture 150 now.

上記のノンクラスプ義歯150とは別に、鉤状アームやレストを用いずに、図14(a),(b)に示すように、維持歯161の根元にあてがうように嵌め合わせる半円弧状凹部を少なくとも1つ備える、新しいコンセプトの部分義歯が提案された(特許文献1または2)。この半円弧状凹部は、金属アーム111a,111bを含み、維持歯161の根元にあてがうように嵌め合わせられる。維持歯に対して凹に湾曲する金属アーム111aは頬側に延在し、短く、やはり維持歯に対して凹に湾曲する金属アーム111bは舌側に延在し、頬側アーム111aよりも長い。2つの金属アーム111a,111bが会合する部分を含めて、金属アーム111a,111bは、ほぼ一平面上に形成されており、図14(a),(b)に示すように、立体的な形状を呈しない。この新しいコンンセプトの部分義歯によれば、固定部111sから分岐した2つの金属アーム111a,111bを含む半円弧状凹部は、維持歯161の歯牙にのみ宛がわれるように嵌め合わせる。したがって、上記の熱可塑性樹脂を用いたノンクラスプ部分義歯におけるウィングWのように歯茎にまで密着する部分がないので、咬合に際し違和感がなく、維持歯161の拘束感を画期的に減らすことができる。また、2つの金属アームのうち頬側(表側)アームの長さを短くすることが可能であり、そのために審美的にも優れたものになる。なお、上記金属アームにより維持を確保する部分義歯では、義歯床や樹脂部に用いる樹脂には、もっぱら認可の出ている義歯床用アクリル系レジン(JIST6501)すなわち加熱重合レジンが用いられていた。なお、以後の説明で、「レジン」の語は、加熱重合レジンおよび常温重合レジンをさすこととする。   Apart from the above-mentioned non-clasp denture 150, a semicircular arc-shaped recess that fits to the root of the maintenance tooth 161 as shown in FIGS. 14 (a) and 14 (b) without using a saddle-shaped arm or rest. A new concept partial denture having at least one was proposed (Patent Document 1 or 2). This semicircular arc-shaped recess includes metal arms 111 a and 111 b and is fitted so as to be applied to the root of maintenance tooth 161. The metal arm 111a that is concavely curved with respect to the maintenance tooth extends to the buccal side and is short, and the metal arm 111b that is also concavely curved with respect to the maintenance tooth extends to the lingual side and is longer than the cheek side arm 111a. . The metal arms 111a and 111b including the part where the two metal arms 111a and 111b meet are formed on substantially one plane, and as shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B, the three-dimensional shape is formed. Not present. According to the partial denture of this new concept, the semicircular arc-shaped concave portion including the two metal arms 111a and 111b branched from the fixed portion 111s is fitted so as to be addressed only to the teeth of the maintenance teeth 161. Therefore, since there is no portion that is in close contact with the gums like the wing W in the non-clasp partial denture using the above thermoplastic resin, there is no sense of incongruity at the time of occlusion, and the restraint feeling of the maintenance teeth 161 can be dramatically reduced. it can. In addition, the length of the cheek side (front side) arm of the two metal arms can be shortened, which makes the aesthetically superior. In the partial dentures that are maintained by the metal arm, an approved denture base acrylic resin (JIST6501), that is, a heat-polymerized resin, is used exclusively for the resin used for the denture base and the resin part. In the following description, the term “resin” refers to a heat polymerization resin and a room temperature polymerization resin.

改訂新版オズボーン パーシャルデンチャー 医歯薬出版株式会社、1977年7月、p.166Revised Osborne Partial Denture Ishiyaku Publishing Co., Ltd., July 1977, p.166 バルプラストジャパンホームページ http://www.unionlabo.comValplast Japan website http://www.unionlabo.com アルテ・インターナショナルホームページ http//www.pi-touch.co.jpArte International website http // www.pi-touch.co.jp 特許第3928102号Japanese Patent No. 3928102 WO2006/131969 A1WO2006 / 131969 A1

しかしながら、上記の部分義歯は、旧来の枷のような立体状クラスプを有する部分義歯を含めて、半円弧状凹部を有する部分義歯においても、患者の印象取りをした後、図15に示す工程を経て製造されるのが通例である。
(X)樹脂部を義歯床用アクリル系レジンで形成する場合(後半が図15の(X)工程の場合)
石膏模型→ろう(パラフィンワックス)義歯製作(金属部分:大連結子、メッシュ部、クラスプなど|人工歯)→ろう義歯の一次埋没(下フラスコ内)→二次埋没(上フラスコ内)→流ろう→上下フラスコ分離→型整備→義歯床用アクリル系レジンを型内に挿入して加圧→高温保持・徐冷却(1日程度)→取り出し
(Y)樹脂部を熱可塑性樹脂で形成する場合(後半が図15の(Y)工程の場合)
石膏模型→ろう義歯製作(金属部分:大連結子、メッシュ部、クラスプなど|人工歯)→ろう義歯の一次埋没(下フラスコ内)→二次埋没(上フラスコ内)→流ろう→上下フラスコ分離→型整備→熱可塑性樹脂を型内に高圧高温注入→自然冷却(1時間程度)→取り出し
However, the above-mentioned partial denture, including partial dentures having a three-dimensional clasp like a traditional heel, including partial dentures having a semicircular arc-shaped concave portion, the steps shown in FIG. It is customary to be manufactured after that.
(X) When the resin part is formed of an acrylic resin for denture base (the latter half is the step (X) in FIG. 15)
Gypsum model → wax (paraffin wax) denture production (metal part: large connector, mesh part, clasp, etc. | artificial teeth) → primary implantation of wax dentures (in the lower flask) → secondary implantation (in the upper flask) → flow soldering → Separation of upper and lower flasks → Mold maintenance → Inserting denture base acrylic resin into the mold and pressurization → High temperature holding and slow cooling (about 1 day) → Removal (Y) When the resin part is made of thermoplastic resin ( (The latter half is the process (Y) in FIG. 15)
Gypsum model → wax denture production (metal part: large connector, mesh part, clasp, etc. | artificial teeth) → primary implantation of wax denture (inside lower flask) → secondary implantation (inside upper flask) → flow soldering → upper and lower flask separation → Mold maintenance → High temperature and high temperature injection of thermoplastic resin into the mold → Natural cooling (about 1 hour) → Removal

上記の部分義歯の製造工程では、診療室での印象取り、歯科技工所(デンタルラボラトリ)での作業を経て、部分義歯の一応の完成まで、1週間以上かかるのが通例である。また患者は、歯科医院に通院することが必要である。しかしながら、高齢人口が増大し、介護を要する老人の増大に伴い、治療の必要性が高いにもかかわらず通院できない患者が急激に増えている。   In the above partial denture manufacturing process, it usually takes one week or more to complete the partial denture after taking an impression in the clinic and working in a dental laboratory. Patients also need to go to a dental clinic. However, as the elderly population increases and the number of elderly people requiring care increases, the number of patients who cannot go to the hospital despite the high need for treatment is rapidly increasing.

本発明は、高齢化や他の疾患のために歯の治療の必要性が高いにもかかわらず歯科治療を受けることが出来ない患者のために、迅速かつ簡単に製作可能で、装着感に優れた部分義歯を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention can be quickly and easily manufactured for a patient who cannot receive dental treatment despite the high need for dental treatment due to aging and other diseases, and has excellent wearing feeling. The purpose is to provide a partial denture.

本発明の部分義歯は、人工歯と、人工歯が設けられる義歯床と、残存歯にあてがわれて装着状態を保つ装着状態保持部とを備える。この部分義歯では、義歯床は常温重合レジンにより形成され装着状態保持部は、義歯床との間に接着剤等の他の材料を介在させるこ となく、義歯床の常温重合レジンと同じ材料の常温重合レジンにより形成され、該義歯床 と連続しており、かつ、残存歯のうちの維持歯の歯牙にのみあてがわれることを特徴とす る。 The partial denture according to the present invention includes an artificial tooth, a denture base on which the artificial tooth is provided, and an attachment state holding unit that is applied to the remaining teeth and maintains the attachment state. In this part denture, denture is formed by a cold-curing resin, attached state holding unit, without having to go through the intervention of other materials such as an adhesive between the denture base, the same material as the cold-curing resin for denture base is a formed by cold-curing resin, is continuous with 該義tooth bed, and you characterized in that Ategawa only the tooth of maintaining teeth of the remaining teeth.

上記の構成により、歯科医師が患者の様子を見ながら、患者の傍らで、簡単かつ迅速に、装着感に優れた部分義歯を製作することができる。すなわち歯科技工所を通さずに製作可能な部分義歯とすることができる。ここで、常温重合レジンは、ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA: poly(methyl methacrylate))およびMMA(methylmethacrylate)を主原料とするものである。With the above configuration, a partial denture having an excellent wearing feeling can be easily and quickly beside the patient while the dentist looks at the patient. That is, a partial denture that can be manufactured without passing through a dental laboratory. Here, normal temperature curing resin is port polymethyl methacrylate: is (PMMA poly (methyl methacrylate)) to and MMA (methylmethacrylate) intended a main material.

上記の義歯床および装着状態保持部を形成するレジンを、常温重合レジンとする。すな わち、以後、レジンの語は、常温重合レジンをさす。これによって、患者の傍らで、加熱などをしないで、患者の口腔の形状に適合するのが容易になる。常温重合レジンは、上述のように粉末状のPMMAおよび液体のMMAを主成分とし、重合開始剤として過酸化ベンゾイル(benzoyl peroxide)等が含まれている。その過酸化ベンゾイルの活性化のためにジメチルパラトルイジン(N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine)等が用いられる。本説明において、重合開始剤の活性化のために用いられる薬剤を重合促進剤と呼ぶ。実際の商品としては、粉末剤と液剤とに分け、粉末剤にPMMA、重合開始剤等を、液剤にMMA、重合促進剤等を含ませ、使用時に粉末剤と液剤とを混ぜ合わせて重合させるタイプが普通である。重合開始剤および重合促進剤は、粉末と液剤とに分けておき(保管時に両剤を一緒にしない)、粉末と液剤との混合時に重合が始まるようにする。重合開始剤および重合促進剤は、上記のほかの薬品もあり得て、重合開始剤が粉末に、また重合促進剤が液剤に含まれるものと固定する必要はないが、以後の説明では、簡単化のために、重合開始剤が粉末に含まれる過酸化ベンゾイルであり、重合促進剤が液剤に含まれる3級アミンのジメチルパラトルイジンとする。


The resin for forming the denture base and the mounting state holding unit described above, shall be the normal temperature curing resin. Ie, thereafter, the term resin refers to a room temperature curing resin. This facilitates conforming to the shape of the patient's oral cavity without heating or the like beside the patient. As described above, the room temperature polymerization resin is mainly composed of powdered PMMA and liquid MMA, and includes benzoyl peroxide as a polymerization initiator. For the activation of the benzoyl peroxide, dimethyl paratoluidine (N, N-dimethyl-p-toluidine) or the like is used. In this description, a chemical used for activating the polymerization initiator is called a polymerization accelerator. The actual product is divided into powder and liquid. PMMA, polymerization initiator, etc. are included in the powder, MMA, polymerization accelerator, etc. are included in the liquid, and the powder and liquid are mixed and polymerized at the time of use. The type is normal. The polymerization initiator and the polymerization accelerator are separated into a powder and a liquid agent (both agents are not combined at the time of storage), and polymerization is started when the powder and the liquid agent are mixed. The polymerization initiator and the polymerization accelerator may be other chemicals as described above, and it is not necessary to fix the polymerization initiator to the powder and the polymerization accelerator to be contained in the liquid agent. For conversion, the polymerization initiator is benzoyl peroxide contained in the powder, and the polymerization accelerator is tertiary amine dimethyl paratoluidine contained in the liquid.


上記の装着状態保持部を、残存歯のうちの維持歯にあてがうように嵌め合わせる嵌合せ部とすることができる。これによって、通常の欠損状態の患者について、十分な維持力と把持力と支持力を備え、装着感に優れ、かつ審美性も損なわない部分義歯を、簡単かつ迅速に製作することができる。   Said mounting state holding | maintenance part can be used as the fitting part which fits so that it may apply to the maintenance tooth of the remaining teeth. As a result, it is possible to easily and quickly produce a partial denture that has sufficient maintenance force, gripping force, and support force, is excellent in wearing feeling, and does not impair aesthetics for a patient in a normal defect state.

上記の嵌め合せ部は、壁部と、該壁部の頬側および舌側にそれぞれ位置する頬側部および舌側部により、義歯床に形成された凹状部分とすることができる。これにより、金属クラスプ等を用いることなく、維持歯に面するレジン製義歯床を変形し、または当該義歯床に付加的に突き出して、十分な維持力を持ちながら装着感に優れた嵌め合せ部を、簡単かつ迅速に、形成することができる。   Said fitting part can be made into the concave part formed in the denture base by the wall part and the cheek side part and tongue side part which are each located in the cheek side and tongue side of this wall part. This makes it possible to deform the resin-made denture base facing the maintenance tooth without using a metal clasp or the like, or additionally project to the denture base, having a sufficient maintenance force and an excellent fitting feeling. Can be formed easily and quickly.

上記の嵌め合せ部は、義歯床に後から形成したものとすることができる。これによって、まず部分義歯のベースとなる義歯床を形成し、その後、維持歯にあてがうように嵌め合わせる嵌め合せ部を形成するので、大から細部(装着感には大きな影響を持つ)へと、部分義歯の製作が容易となる。このような製作手順は、患者の傍らにおいて手作業で行うのに、非常に好都合であり、上述の一体成形加工による熱可塑性樹脂の部分義歯にはないものである。   The fitting portion may be formed later on the denture base. As a result, the denture base that forms the base of the partial denture is formed first, and then the fitting part that fits to the maintenance tooth is formed. From large to detailed (having a great influence on the wearing feeling), Partial dentures can be easily manufactured. Such a manufacturing procedure is very convenient to perform manually by the patient, and is not in the partial denture of the thermoplastic resin by the integral molding process described above.

また、上記の装着状態保持部が、残存歯に舌側からあてがわれる凹状のあてがい部で形成してもよい。これによって、通常の欠損状態の場合とは異なる場合、たとえば、歯軸に交差する方向(水平方向)に沿って根元部に嵌め合わせることが難しく、大まかに歯軸方向に合わせて曲線に沿うように装着しないとスムースな装着ができない患者の場合に、有用な部分義歯を得ることができる。上記のあてがい部により、欠損状態が通常と異なる特異な患者に対しても、装着感および装着状態保持性に優れた部分義歯を提供することができる。   Moreover, you may form said mounting state holding | maintenance part with the concave-shaped attachment part applied to the remaining tooth from the lingual side. As a result, when it is different from the normal defect state, for example, it is difficult to fit the root part along the direction (horizontal direction) intersecting the tooth axis, and roughly follows the curve along the tooth axis direction. Useful partial dentures can be obtained for patients who cannot be smoothly attached unless they are attached. With the above-mentioned applying part, it is possible to provide a partial denture excellent in wearing feeling and wearing state retention even for a specific patient whose defect state is different from usual.

上記の義歯床にリベース処理がなされていてもよい。これにより、一旦オンサイトで形成した部分義歯が患者の口腔に少し合わない場合でも、義歯床裏面等にリベース処理を施すことにより、患者への適合度を完璧な域にもってゆくことができる。   The above-described denture base may be subjected to a rebase treatment. Thereby, even if the partial denture once formed on-site does not fit the patient's oral cavity a little, by applying the rebase process to the back surface of the denture base, etc., it is possible to bring the degree of conformity to the patient to a perfect range.

上記の人工歯がレジンにより形成されていてもよい。これによって、さらに簡単かつ迅速に、部分義歯を容易に製作することができる。レジンによる人工歯は、人工歯専用の材料に比べれば耐摩滅性などは劣るが、咬合力が小さい老人等には十分に実用に耐える人工歯として機能する。   Said artificial tooth may be formed with resin. Thereby, the partial denture can be easily manufactured more simply and quickly. Resin-made artificial teeth are inferior in abrasion resistance and the like as compared with materials dedicated to artificial teeth, but function as artificial teeth that are sufficiently practical for elderly people with low occlusal force.

オンサイトで、ヒトの口腔に合わせて、義歯床、人工歯、および装着状態保持部を形成したものとすることができる。これにより、患者の様子を見ながら、簡単かつ迅速に、装着感に優れた部分義歯を製作することができる。オンサイト(その場)とは、一貫して患者の傍らで患者の様子を見ながら、という意味であり、従来の部分義歯の製作に欠かせない歯科技工所での作業等は皆無である。このため、歯科医院での部分義歯の製作だけでなく、介護施設に出張して、欠損のため咀嚼に不自由する多くの患者のために、装着感に優れた部分義歯をオンサイトで迅速に製作することができる。   The denture base, the artificial tooth, and the wearing state holding part may be formed on site in accordance with the human oral cavity. Thereby, the partial denture excellent in a feeling of mounting | wearing can be manufactured easily and rapidly, seeing the state of a patient. On-site (situ) means that the patient is consistently seen by the patient, and there is no work at the dental laboratory that is indispensable for the production of conventional partial dentures. Therefore, in addition to the production of partial dentures at the dental clinic, for many patients who have a business trip to a nursing facility and are unable to chew due to a defect, they can quickly create partial dentures with a good fit on-site. Can be produced.

オンサイトのみで部分義歯の製作が可能な最も大きな理由は、維持作用を奏する部分が、従来のような立体的なクラスプで形成されず、維持歯にあてがうように嵌め合わされる嵌め合せ部によって形成され、複雑な形状のクラスプとならないことによる。しかも、その嵌め合せ部が義歯床を形成するレジンで形成されることによる。従来のクラスプは、上述のような枷状の複雑な立体形状を持つため、歯科技工所での熟練作業によらなければ製作できない。しかし、上記の嵌め合せ部は、患者の維持歯の歯牙に嵌め合せる凹状であればよく、簡単明瞭な形状をとるため、オンサイトの作業のみで可能である。   The biggest reason that partial dentures can be manufactured only on-site is that the part that performs the maintenance action is not formed by a three-dimensional clasp as in the past, but by a fitting part that fits to the maintenance tooth. Because it is not a clasp with a complicated shape. And it is because the fitting part is formed with the resin which forms a denture base. Since the conventional clasp has a complicated three-dimensional shape as described above, it cannot be manufactured unless it is performed by skilled work at a dental laboratory. However, the fitting portion may be a concave shape that can be fitted to the teeth of the maintenance teeth of the patient. Since the fitting portion has a simple and clear shape, it can be performed only on-site.

オンサイトでヒトの口腔の印象取りをして模型(石こうまたはパラフィンワックス)を製作して、引き続きオンサイトで該模型上で製作したものとすることができる。これによって患者の口腔内を再現した模型を用いて、任意の方向から模型を確認しながら義歯床等を製作でき、部分義歯の製作を容易化し、かつ製作精度を高めることができる。また患者の口腔内での義歯床の形状合わせ等の回数を減らし、すなわち製作時の患者の口腔内へのアクセス回数を減らし、患者の負担を軽減することができる。   A model (gypsum or paraffin wax) can be produced by taking an impression of the human oral cavity on-site, and subsequently produced on the model on-site. This makes it possible to manufacture a denture base and the like while checking the model from an arbitrary direction using a model that reproduces the inside of the patient's mouth, facilitating the manufacture of partial dentures and increasing the manufacturing accuracy. In addition, the number of times of denture base shape adjustment in the patient's oral cavity can be reduced, that is, the number of accesses to the patient's oral cavity during production can be reduced, and the burden on the patient can be reduced.

本発明によれば、装着感に優れた部分義歯を、簡単かつ迅速に得ることができる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to easily and quickly obtain a partial denture having an excellent wearing feeling.

(実施の形態1)
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1における部分義歯50を示す斜視図である。この部分義歯50は、下顎用であり、レジン製義歯床20と、白色の樹脂製人工歯31と、図示しない維持歯への嵌め合せ部C1,C2とを備える。患者は、下顎左5〜7番、右6〜7番を欠損しており、部分義歯50は上記欠損部を補うものである。右側の人工歯を固定する樹脂部と、左側の人工歯を固定する樹脂部とをつなぐ連結部は、通常、金属製の大連結子で構成されるが、図1に示すように、本発明では、この部分もレジンで形成される。このため、樹脂部も連結部も同じ用語の「義歯床」で呼ぶこととする。なお、大連結子は、歯列内の離れた位置にある床同士、または床と維持装置とを連結する金属構造物であり、バー、プレートなどと呼ばれる。上顎の場合は、パラタルバー、パラタルプレートなどであり、下顎では、リンガルバー、リンガルプレートと呼ばれる。上記のように、本実施の形態では、これらはすべて義歯床と同じように、レジンで形成される。
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a partial denture 50 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. This partial denture 50 is for the lower jaw, and includes a resin denture base 20, a white resin artificial tooth 31, and fitting portions C1 and C2 to maintenance teeth (not shown). The patient lacks the lower jaw left 5-7 and the right 6-7, and the partial denture 50 compensates for the missing portion. The connecting part that connects the resin part that fixes the right artificial tooth and the resin part that fixes the left artificial tooth is usually composed of a large metal connector. However, as shown in FIG. Then, this part is also formed with a resin. For this reason, the resin part and the connection part are called by the same term “denture base”. The large connector is a metal structure that connects the floors at separate positions in the dentition or the floor and the maintenance device, and is called a bar, a plate, or the like. In the case of the upper jaw, it is a paratal bar, a paratal plate or the like, and in the lower jaw, it is called a lingual bar or a lingual plate. As described above, in the present embodiment, these are all formed of a resin, like the denture base.

嵌め合せ部C1,C2は、図示しない維持歯にあてがわれるように側方から嵌め合わされ、拘束感を与えることなく、十分な維持力を生じることができる。嵌め合せ部C1,C2は、壁部1と、その頬側に位置する頬側部11と、その舌側に位置する舌側部21とで形成され、図示しない維持歯に対して凹状の形状をとる。   The fitting portions C1 and C2 are fitted from the side so as to be applied to maintenance teeth (not shown), and a sufficient maintenance force can be generated without giving a sense of restraint. The fitting portions C1 and C2 are formed by the wall portion 1, the cheek side portion 11 located on the cheek side, and the lingual side portion 21 located on the lingual side, and are concave with respect to a maintenance tooth (not shown). Take.

レジン製の頬側部11は、維持歯の頬側に突き出すように設けられ、維持歯に適合する面状部分を有している。頬側部11だけでなく、嵌合せ部C1,C2を形成する壁部1および舌側部21においても、維持歯に適合する面状部分を有する。大連結子に対応する義歯床20の部分を形成する場合、舌側部21は小さくなる傾向があり、壁部1との区別がつきにくい。しかし、ほとんどが壁部1とみることができる場合であっても、舌側部21が舌側の縁の部分に付随すると考えることができる。本発明の部分義歯では、維持歯の歯牙にのみあてがうように嵌め合わせる嵌合せ凹部C1,C2で維持するので、維持歯への拘束が増大して装着感が劣化することはない。   The resin-made cheek side portion 11 is provided so as to protrude to the cheek side of the maintenance tooth, and has a planar portion adapted to the maintenance tooth. Not only the buccal side portion 11 but also the wall portion 1 and the lingual side portion 21 forming the fitting portions C1 and C2 have planar portions that match the maintenance teeth. When the portion of the denture base 20 corresponding to the large connector is formed, the tongue side portion 21 tends to be small, and it is difficult to distinguish from the wall portion 1. However, even when most can be seen as the wall portion 1, it can be considered that the lingual side portion 21 is attached to the edge portion on the lingual side. In the partial denture of the present invention, since it is maintained by the fitting recesses C1 and C2 that are fitted so as to be applied only to the teeth of the maintenance teeth, the restraint on the maintenance teeth is not increased and the wearing feeling is not deteriorated.

図2は、図1の部分義歯50の嵌め合せ部C2の部分拡大図である。人工歯31の歯列の延長部分に位置する壁部1と、その頬側に位置する頬側部11と、舌側に位置する舌側部21とで、凹状の嵌め合せ部C2が形成されている。義歯床20の裏面20bは、自然歯が欠損している部分の顎堤粘膜に密着する。また義歯床20の縁部20eは、顎堤粘膜を覆った状態で、最も下側になり、下顎に近い端となる。   FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of the fitting portion C2 of the partial denture 50 of FIG. A concave fitting portion C2 is formed by the wall portion 1 located in the extended portion of the dentition of the artificial tooth 31, the cheek side portion 11 located on the cheek side, and the tongue side portion 21 located on the lingual side. ing. The back surface 20b of the denture base 20 is in close contact with the ridge ridge mucosa where the natural tooth is missing. Further, the edge portion 20e of the denture base 20 is the lowest side in the state of covering the ridge mucosa and is an end close to the lower jaw.

図3は、同じ部分C2を頬側から見た図である。頬側部11は、縁部20eのある義歯床20から維持歯側に突き出るように、付加的に後から設けられるため、肉眼では分からないが、電子顕微鏡、その他のミクロ組織観察手段(走査型電子顕微鏡、EPMA(Electron Probe Micro-Analysis)、走査型原子間力顕微鏡など)でミクロ的に観察すると、頬側部11と、その根元側の義歯床20との間に境界面Sbが認められると考えられる。ただし、部分義歯のみを見て、後から頬側部が付加されたことを特定する方法の推測であり、実際に確認したわけではない。 FIG. 3 is a view of the same portion C2 as seen from the cheek side. Since the buccal side portion 11 is additionally provided later so as to protrude from the denture base 20 having the edge portion 20e to the maintenance tooth side, it cannot be seen with the naked eye. When microscopically observed with an electron microscope, EPMA (Electron Probe Micro-Analysis), scanning atomic force microscope, etc., a boundary surface Sb is recognized between the buccal side portion 11 and the root denture base 20. it is conceivable that. However, this is an estimation of a method for specifying that the buccal side portion is added later by looking only at the partial denture, and is not actually confirmed.

図4は、嵌め合せ部C2を維持歯側からやや見上げるように見た図である。図示しない維持歯の歯牙部分にのみ嵌め合わされるように、適合する面Fがはっきり認められる。このような嵌め合せ部C2はレジンで形成されているので、患者を診ながらその場で歯科医師の手で作製することができる。このため、歯科技工所での作業は不要であり、また熱可塑性樹脂のように射出成形も不要であり、その場で部分義歯50を提供することが可能となる。次に、図1に示す部分義歯50の作製方法について説明する。   FIG. 4 is a view of the fitting portion C2 as seen from the maintenance tooth side. The fitting surface F is clearly recognized so that it is fitted only to the tooth portion of the maintenance tooth (not shown). Since such a fitting portion C2 is formed of a resin, it can be produced on the spot by a dentist's hand while examining a patient. For this reason, the work in a dental laboratory is unnecessary, and injection molding is also unnecessary like a thermoplastic resin, and the partial denture 50 can be provided on the spot. Next, a method for producing the partial denture 50 shown in FIG. 1 will be described.

これから説明する部分義歯の作製方法は、分かりやすいので模型上に配置した状態について説明するが、実際は、模型はなくてもよい。図5は、図1に示す部分義歯50の最初の作製工程を示す図である。まず患者の口腔における下顎に合わせて、義歯床20を形成する。患者は、模型Mによれば、下顎の右側1番〜5番(R1〜R5)および左側1番〜4番(L1〜L4)が残存している。すなわち患者の下顎は、右6番、7番(R6〜R7)が欠損し、左5番〜7番(L5〜L7)が欠損している。この場合、右側ではR5が、また左側ではL4が、それぞれ維持歯となる。維持歯には、嵌め合せ部が嵌め合わされる。   Since the partial denture manufacturing method described below is easy to understand, the state where it is arranged on the model will be described. However, in reality, the model may be omitted. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an initial manufacturing process of the partial denture 50 shown in FIG. First, the denture base 20 is formed in accordance with the lower jaw in the oral cavity of the patient. According to the model M, the left 1st to 5th (R1 to R5) of the lower jaw and the 1st to 4th (L1 to L4) of the left side of the lower jaw remain. That is, the lower jaw of the patient lacks right 6th and 7th (R6 to R7) and left 5th to 7th (L5 to L7). In this case, R5 is a maintenance tooth on the right side and L4 is a maintenance tooth on the left side. The fitting portion is fitted to the maintenance tooth.

上記の欠損部分の顎堤粘膜Gに密着するように、かつ過大にならないように(むしろ小さめに)、義歯床20を形成する。義歯床20は顎堤粘膜Gに適合した形状をもって、顎堤粘膜Gの上にのっている。義歯床20の原料には、PMMA、重合開始剤等を含む粉末と、MMA、ジメチルパラトルイジン等を含む液剤とからなる常温重合レジンを用いるのがよい。なお、義歯床20を過大にならないように形成するのは、装着感を良好にするためである。   The denture base 20 is formed so as to be in close contact with the ridge mucosa G of the above-mentioned defect portion and not excessively (rather small). The denture base 20 has a shape suitable for the ridge mucosa G and is on the ridge mucosa G. As a raw material for the denture base 20, a room temperature polymerization resin composed of a powder containing PMMA, a polymerization initiator and the like and a liquid agent containing MMA, dimethylparatoluidine and the like is preferably used. The reason why the denture base 20 is formed so as not to be excessive is to improve the wearing feeling.

次いで、図6に示すように、常温重合レジンを用いて、義歯床20に人工歯31を設ける。当然、右側はR6、R7を、そして左側はL5、L6、L7を設ける。人工歯31の材料は、樹脂が用いられるが、その中でもレジンを用いてもよい。人工歯31は、ヒトの歯はその位置(番号)でおおよそ決まっているので、典型的な人工歯を数種類のサイズで準備しておけばある程度、即応してその場で削るなどして対処することができ、あとは噛み合わせの調整で可能である。上記の典型例の人工歯と常温重合レジンとを組み合わせてよい。常温重合レジンは、義歯床に用いることを想定して肉色なので、白色などにすることが好ましいが、場合(寝たきり高齢者などの場合)に応じて、肉色のままの対応でもよい。また、繰り返し咬合圧に耐久性を持つことができるように、靭性上の改良も望まれる。   Next, as shown in FIG. 6, artificial teeth 31 are provided on the denture base 20 using a room temperature polymerization resin. Of course, R6 and R7 are provided on the right side, and L5, L6 and L7 are provided on the left side. Resin is used for the material of the artificial tooth 31, but resin may be used among them. Since the artificial tooth 31 is roughly determined by the position (number) of the human tooth, if a typical artificial tooth is prepared in several sizes, it can be dealt with by, for example, scraping it on the spot to some extent. It is possible by adjusting the meshing. You may combine the artificial tooth of said typical example, and normal temperature polymerization resin. Since the room temperature polymerization resin is meat-colored assuming that it is used for a denture base, it is preferable to use white or the like. However, depending on the case (in the case of a bedridden elderly person, etc.), it may be left as it is. In addition, an improvement in toughness is desired so that durability against repeated occlusal pressure can be obtained.

図6では、人工歯31を義歯床に固定しただけで、嵌め合せ部は形成されていない。図7は、義歯床20において、維持歯R5に面する部分に嵌め合せ部C1を、また維持歯L4に面する部分に嵌め合せ部C2を形成した状態を示す図である。図7では、維持歯L4に嵌め合わされる嵌め合せ部C2の頬側部11が明確に認められる。図8は、維持歯L4に嵌め合わされた嵌め合せ部C2の拡大斜視図である。図1〜図4と合わせて図8を見ると、嵌め合せ部C2は維持歯L4の歯牙部分に嵌め合わされ、部分義歯の維持力を確保していることが分かる。   In FIG. 6, only the artificial tooth 31 is fixed to the denture base, and the fitting portion is not formed. FIG. 7 is a view showing a state in which a fitting portion C1 is formed in a portion facing the maintenance tooth R5 and a fitting portion C2 is formed in a portion facing the maintenance tooth L4 in the denture base 20. In FIG. 7, the cheek side portion 11 of the fitting portion C2 fitted to the maintenance tooth L4 is clearly recognized. FIG. 8 is an enlarged perspective view of the fitting portion C2 fitted to the maintenance tooth L4. When FIG. 8 is seen together with FIGS. 1 to 4, it can be seen that the fitting portion C <b> 2 is fitted to the tooth portion of the maintenance tooth L <b> 4 and ensures the maintenance force of the partial denture.

図9は、図1に示す部分義歯50の製作工程を示す図である。図9の工程は、図12に示す従来の製作工程と比べて、非常に簡単化されていることが分かる。しかも、この全工程を患者と相対しながら、その場で行うことができる。したがって、治癒の必要性が高いにもかかわらず通院が容易ではない高齢者や被介護者に、非常に有益である。医院においてその場で製作可能なだけでなく、介護施設等に出向いて、その場で部分義歯を製作することも可能である。上記の工程において、印象採取→模型(石こうまたはパラフィンワックス)の製作は省略してもよい。また、リベース処理は一度出来上がった部分義歯の義歯床裏面に、上述の粉末のPMMA、重合開始剤と、MMA、重合促進剤等を含む液剤とからなる常温重合レジンを用いて粘膜により正確に適合させる調整補修を行う処理である。このリベース処理も必須ではなく、部分義歯の出来上がり精度が良好であり、装着がスムースであれば、リベース処理を省略することができる。しかしながら、リベース処理により、オンサイトで患者の口腔状態にきめ細かく合わせることができるので、非常に高精度で、かつ装着感に優れた部分義歯を、短時間で得ることができる。このため、リベース処理は行うことが望ましい。   FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of the partial denture 50 shown in FIG. It can be seen that the process of FIG. 9 is greatly simplified compared to the conventional manufacturing process shown in FIG. In addition, the entire process can be performed on the spot while facing the patient. Therefore, it is very beneficial for elderly people and care recipients who have a high need for healing but are not easy to visit. Not only can it be produced on the spot at the clinic, it is also possible to go to a nursing facility and make a partial denture on the spot. In the above process, impression collection → model (gypsum or paraffin wax) may be omitted. In addition, the rebase treatment is more accurately adapted to the mucous membrane using a room-temperature polymerization resin consisting of the above-mentioned powder PMMA, polymerization initiator, and liquid agent containing MMA, polymerization accelerator, etc. on the denture base back surface of the completed partial denture. It is a process to perform adjustment repair. This rebasing process is also not essential, and if the accuracy of the partial denture is good and the mounting is smooth, the rebasing process can be omitted. However, the rebase treatment can finely match the patient's oral condition on-site, so that a partial denture with very high accuracy and excellent wearing feeling can be obtained in a short time. For this reason, it is desirable to perform the rebase process.

上記の実施の形態1のように、部分義歯では、あてがうように維持歯に嵌め合せる嵌め合せ部は、2つあることが望ましいが、1つであってもよく、他の係止部の形態は問わない。本発明の部分義歯の製造方法について一例を示したが、本発明の部分義歯の製造方法は、上記一例に限定されず、周知の変形方法の付加または置換を行うことができる。   As in the first embodiment, in the partial denture, it is desirable that there are two fitting portions to be fitted to the maintenance teeth so as to be applied. Does not matter. Although an example was shown about the manufacturing method of the partial denture of this invention, the manufacturing method of the partial denture of this invention is not limited to the said example, Addition or substitution of a well-known deformation method can be performed.

(実施の形態2)
図10は、本発明の実施の形態2における上顎用の部分義歯50を示す図である。義歯床20はレジン製であり、装着状態保持部を形成している、舌側から残存歯にあてがわれる凹状のあてがい部A1〜A4が設けられている。人工歯の位置(番号)は、上顎右側の1番、2番、4番(R1,R2,R4)および左側の4番(L4)である。
(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a partial denture 50 for the upper jaw in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The denture base 20 is made of resin, and is provided with concave fitting portions A1 to A4 that form a mounting state holding portion and are applied to the remaining teeth from the lingual side. The positions (numbers) of the artificial teeth are No. 1, No. 2, No. 4 (R1, R2, R4) on the right side of the upper jaw and No. 4 (L4) on the left side.

図11は、患者の残存歯模型Mに、図10の部分義歯を装着した状態を示す図である。それぞれ残存歯に舌側から向かって凹状を呈する、あてがい部A1は残存歯R4に、あてがい部A2は残存歯L1に、あてがい部A3は残存歯L2に、そしてあてがい部A4は残存歯L3に、あてがわれる。これらあてがい部によるあてがいにより、部分義歯50は、装着状態において、離脱に抗する十分な維持力、水平方向のズレや回転に抗する把持力などを得ることができる。あてがい部は、実施の形態1における嵌め合せ部による維持力や把持力に比べると、やや低いので、十分な維持力や把持力を確保するため、2つまたは3つ以上設けられるのが普通である。   FIG. 11 is a view showing a state in which the partial denture of FIG. Each of the remaining teeth has a concave shape from the lingual side. The applied part A1 is the remaining tooth R4, the applied part A2 is the remaining tooth L1, the applied part A3 is the remaining tooth L2, and the applied part A4 is the remaining tooth L3. Assigned. Due to the application by these application portions, the partial denture 50 can obtain a sufficient maintenance force to resist disengagement, a horizontal displacement and a grip force to resist rotation in the mounted state. Since the assigning portion is slightly lower than the holding force and gripping force by the fitting portion in the first embodiment, two or three or more are usually provided in order to ensure sufficient holding force and gripping force. is there.

本実施の形態における部分義歯50は、残存歯が飛び飛びにある場合で、実施の形態1と異なり、特異で変則的である。このため、歯列の方向に開放端を持つC字状の(壁部+頬側部+舌側部)の嵌め合せ部によって装着状態保持部を形成することができない。まず、人工歯L4の部分に嵌め合せ部を形成しようとしても、図11に示すように、この患者の場合小さすぎて、嵌め合せ部を形成することはできない。人工歯R1の部分に嵌め合せ部を形成しようとした場合、維持歯は残存歯L1になるが、患者の口元正面になるので、審美性の点で好ましくない。また嵌め合せ部を人工歯R2の部分に形成しようとした場合、この部分に嵌め合せ部を形成すると、装着および離脱の際に、維持歯R3の歯牙部分に側方から(歯軸交差方向に沿って)嵌め合わせる際に、他の部分(人工歯L4の部分や人工歯R4の部分)が残存歯との間で干渉を生じ、装着および離脱に困難を生じる。人工歯R4の部分に嵌め合せ部を形成する場合も同様である。   Unlike the first embodiment, the partial denture 50 in the present embodiment is a case where the remaining teeth are flying away and is unique and irregular. For this reason, the mounting state holding portion cannot be formed by a C-shaped (wall portion + cheek side portion + tongue side portion) fitting portion having an open end in the direction of the dentition. First, even if it is going to form a fitting part in the part of artificial tooth L4, as shown in FIG. 11, in this patient, it is too small and a fitting part cannot be formed. When the fitting portion is to be formed in the artificial tooth R1, the maintenance tooth becomes the remaining tooth L1, but it is not preferable in terms of aesthetics because it is in front of the patient's mouth. In addition, when the fitting portion is to be formed in the artificial tooth R2, when the fitting portion is formed in this portion, the tooth portion of the maintenance tooth R3 is laterally (in the direction intersecting the tooth axis) at the time of attachment and removal. When fitting together, the other parts (artificial tooth L4 part and artificial tooth R4 part) interfere with the remaining teeth, causing difficulty in mounting and dismounting. The same applies to the case where the fitting portion is formed in the artificial tooth R4.

このため、本実施の形態では、離散的(飛び飛び)に位置する残存歯にあてがう部分を、残存歯の歯軸に沿う方向またはそれに近い方向に沿って曲線状に、移動させて装着および離脱を行なうようにして、歯軸交差方向に沿う装着および離脱における残存歯との干渉を回避する。そして、離散的(飛び飛び)に位置する残存歯にあてがい部A1〜A4の総計が長いことを利用して、これらあてがい部A1〜A4により装着状態保持部を形成し、十分安定な装着状態を保持することを可能にした。あてがい部A1〜A4は、単純な直線に沿う方向での装着ではなく、曲線に沿って(掬い上げるように、または落とし込むように)、大まかに歯軸方向に沿うように装着する。このため、各あてがい部の直線状の維持力作用方向とは異なるので、一度、装着した状態が得られると、容易に離脱することが防止される。   For this reason, in the present embodiment, the portions applied to the remaining teeth that are discretely (jumped) are moved in a curved shape along the direction along the tooth axis of the remaining teeth or in the direction close thereto, so that attachment and removal are performed. In this way, interference with the remaining teeth during mounting and removal along the tooth axis crossing direction is avoided. Then, using the fact that the total of the applied parts A1 to A4 is long for the remaining teeth that are discretely (flighted), an applied state holding part is formed by these assigned parts A1 to A4, and a sufficiently stable attached state is maintained. Made it possible to do. The fitting portions A1 to A4 are not attached in a direction along a simple straight line, but are attached along a curved line (to be scooped up or dropped) roughly along the tooth axis direction. For this reason, since it is different from the direction in which each of the assigned portions has a linear holding force, once the attached state is obtained, it is prevented from easily detaching.

本実施の形態における部分義歯も、金属クラスプの使用はなく、歯科技工所での作業は必要とせず、患者を診ながらオンサイトで、常温重合レジンを用いて、全作業を行うことができる。このため、変則的で、特異な残存歯の患者の場合であっても、全工程を患者と相対しながら、その場で部分義歯を完成させることができる。このため、事故や内臓疾患などの病気が原因で、また健常者において、特異な残存歯となった患者に、簡単かつ迅速に、部分義歯の提供が可能になる。   The partial denture in the present embodiment also does not use a metal clasp, does not require any work at a dental laboratory, and can perform all work using a room temperature polymerization resin on site while examining a patient. For this reason, even in the case of an irregular and specific residual tooth patient, the partial denture can be completed on the spot while the entire process is opposed to the patient. For this reason, partial dentures can be provided easily and quickly to patients who have unusual residual teeth due to illnesses such as accidents and visceral diseases and in healthy individuals.

ここで、本発明の部分義歯のポイントについてまとめておく。
(1)残存歯にあてがうあてがい部または維持歯にあてがうように嵌め合わされる嵌め合せ部によって、維持作用や把持作用を得るので、装着感に優れ、かつ構造が簡単である。あてがい部または嵌合せ部が、簡単な構造の装着状態保持部を形成する。
(2)上記(1)のように構造が簡単であるため、義歯床および装着状態保持部(嵌め合せ部またはあてがい部)を、レジンとくに常温重合レジンで形成することにより、簡単かつ迅速に、歯科技工所の作業を必要とせずに、患者を診ながらオンサイトで、部分義歯を完成させることができる。すなわち上記(1)の形状が簡単であるため、常温重合レジンと組み合わせることにより、(2)が可能となる。レジン以外の他の材質、たとえば熱可塑性樹脂では、いくら構造が簡単でも、上記(2)はまったく不可能である。
Here, the points of the partial denture of the present invention will be summarized.
(1) Since a retaining action and a gripping action are obtained by the fitting part fitted to the remaining tooth or the fitting part fitted to the maintenance tooth, the wearing feeling is excellent and the structure is simple. The fitting portion or the fitting portion forms a mounting state holding portion having a simple structure.
(2) Since the structure is simple as in (1) above, the denture base and the mounting state holding part (fitting part or attaching part) are formed of a resin, particularly a room temperature polymerization resin, easily and quickly. Partial dentures can be completed on-site while examining the patient without the need for dental laboratory work. That is, since the shape of (1) is simple, (2) becomes possible by combining it with a room temperature polymerization resin. With materials other than resin, such as thermoplastic resin, the above (2) is not possible at all, no matter how simple the structure is.

今回開示された実施の形態はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は上記した説明ではなくて特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。   The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

本発明の部分義歯により、簡単かつ迅速に、患者を診ながらオンサイトで、装着感に優れた部分義歯を完成できるので、高齢者等にとって有益な部分義歯を提供することができる。   According to the partial denture of the present invention, a partial denture excellent in a feeling of wearing can be completed on-site while examining a patient easily and quickly. Therefore, a partial denture useful for elderly people or the like can be provided.

本発明の実施の形態1における部分義歯を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the partial denture in Embodiment 1 of this invention. 図1の部分義歯の嵌め合せ部の拡大図である。It is an enlarged view of the fitting part of the partial denture of FIG. 図1の部分義歯の嵌め合せ部を頬側から見た図である。It is the figure which looked at the fitting part of the partial denture of FIG. 1 from the cheek side. 図1の部分義歯の嵌め合せ部を維持歯側から見た図である。It is the figure which looked at the fitting part of the partial denture of FIG. 1 from the maintenance tooth side. 図1の部分義歯の製作において、義歯床を形成した状態を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the state which formed the denture base in manufacture of the partial denture of FIG. 図5の義歯床に人工歯を設けた状態を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the state which provided the artificial tooth in the denture base of FIG. 図6の状態の部分義歯中間品に嵌め合せ部を設けた状態を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the state which provided the fitting part in the partial denture intermediate product of the state of FIG. 図7の部分義歯の嵌め合せ部の部分拡大図である。It is the elements on larger scale of the fitting part of the partial denture of FIG. 図1の部分義歯の製作工程を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the manufacturing process of the partial denture of FIG. 本発明の実施の形態2における部分義歯を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the partial denture in Embodiment 2 of this invention. 図10の部分義歯を残存歯模型に装着した状態を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the state which mounted | wore the residual tooth model with the partial denture of FIG. 従来の部分義歯を装着した状態を示す図であり、(a)は斜視図、また(b)は上面図である。It is a figure which shows the state equipped with the conventional partial denture, (a) is a perspective view, (b) is a top view. 従来のノンクラスプ型部分義歯を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the conventional non clasp type | mold denture. 従来の半円弧状凹部を嵌め合わせる型の部分義歯を示す図であり、(a)は斜視図、また(b)は上面図である。It is a figure which shows the partial denture of the type | mold which fits the conventional semicircular arc shaped recessed part, (a) is a perspective view, (b) is a top view. 従来の部分義歯の製作工程を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the manufacturing process of the conventional partial denture.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 嵌め合せ部の壁部、11 頬側部、20 義歯床、20b 義歯床裏面、20e 義歯床縁部、21 舌側部、31 人工歯、50 部分義歯、A1,A2,A3,A4 あてがい部、C1,C2 嵌め合せ部、F 維持歯適合面、G 模型の顎堤粘膜、L1〜L7 左側歯番号、M 残存歯模型、R1〜R7 右側歯番号、Sb 義歯床と後から形成した頬側部との界面。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Wall part of fitting part, 11 Buccal side part, 20 Denture base, 20b Denture base back surface, 20e Denture base edge part, 21 Tongue side part, 31 Artificial tooth, 50 Partial dentures, A1, A2, A3, A4 fitting part , C1, C2 fitting part, F maintenance tooth compatible surface, G model ridge mucosa, L1-L7 left tooth number, M remaining tooth model, R1-R7 right tooth number, Sb Denture base and buccal side formed from the back Interface with the part.

Claims (9)

人工歯と、前記人工歯が設けられる義歯床と、残存歯にあてがわれて装着状態を保つ装着状態保持部とを備える部分義歯であって、
前記義歯床は常温重合レジンにより形成され、
前記装着状態保持部は、前記義歯床との間に接着剤等の他の材料を介在させることなく 、前記義歯床の常温重合レジンと同じ材料の常温重合レジンにより形成され、該義歯床と 連続しており、かつ、前記残存歯のうちの維持歯の歯牙にのみあてがわれることを特徴とする、部分義歯。
A partial denture comprising an artificial tooth, a denture base on which the artificial tooth is provided, and an attachment state holding portion that is applied to the remaining teeth and maintains the attachment state,
The denture base is formed of a room temperature polymerization resin,
The wearing state holding portion is formed of a room temperature polymerization resin of the same material as the room temperature polymerization resin of the denture base without interposing other materials such as an adhesive between the denture base and continuous with the denture base. The partial denture, which is applied only to the maintenance teeth of the remaining teeth .
前記装着状態保持部が、前記残存歯のうちの維持歯にあてがうように嵌め合わせる嵌合せ部であることを特徴とする、請求項に記載の部分義歯。The partial denture according to claim 1 , wherein the mounting state holding portion is a fitting portion that is fitted so as to be applied to a maintenance tooth among the remaining teeth. 前記嵌め合せ部が、壁部と、該壁部の頬側および舌側にそれぞれ位置する頬側部および舌側部により、前記義歯床に形成された凹状部分であることを特徴とする、請求項に記載の部分義歯。The fitting portion is a concave portion formed in the denture base by a wall portion, a buccal side portion and a lingual side portion respectively positioned on the buccal side and the lingual side of the wall portion. Item 3. A partial denture according to item 2 . 前記嵌め合せ部は、前記義歯床に後から形成されたものであることを特徴とする、請求項2または3に記載の部分義歯。The partial denture according to claim 2 or 3 , wherein the fitting portion is formed later on the denture base. 前記装着状態保持部が、前記残存歯に舌側からあてがわれる凹状のあてがい部で形成されることを特徴とする、請求項に記載の部分義歯。The partial denture according to claim 1 , wherein the wearing state holding portion is formed by a concave fitting portion applied to the remaining tooth from the lingual side. 前記義歯床にリベース処理がなされていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の部分義歯。The partial denture according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the denture base is subjected to a rebase treatment. 前記人工歯が前記常温重合レジンにより形成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の部分義歯。The partial artificial tooth according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the artificial tooth is formed of the room temperature polymerization resin. オンサイトで、ヒトの口腔に合わせて、前記義歯床、前記人工歯、および前記装着状態保持部を形成したものであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の部分義歯。The partial denture according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein the denture base, the artificial tooth, and the wearing state holding portion are formed on-site in accordance with a human oral cavity. . オンサイトで前記ヒトの口腔の印象取りをして模型を製作して、引き続きオンサイトで該模型上で製作したものであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の部分義歯。The part according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein a model is produced by taking an impression of the human oral cavity on site and subsequently produced on the model on site. Denture.
JP2007239402A 2007-09-14 2007-09-14 Partial denture Expired - Fee Related JP4309938B2 (en)

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