JP4281249B2 - Electric discharge machining method and apparatus - Google Patents

Electric discharge machining method and apparatus Download PDF

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JP4281249B2
JP4281249B2 JP2000604980A JP2000604980A JP4281249B2 JP 4281249 B2 JP4281249 B2 JP 4281249B2 JP 2000604980 A JP2000604980 A JP 2000604980A JP 2000604980 A JP2000604980 A JP 2000604980A JP 4281249 B2 JP4281249 B2 JP 4281249B2
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machining
workpiece
processing
electric discharge
surface plate
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治 安田
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Description

技術分野
この発明は、電極と被加工物との間に加工電力を供給し、被加工物の放電加工を行う、放電加工方法及び装置の改良に関するものである。
背景技術
従来の放電加工装置の例として、ワイヤ放電加工装置の全体構成を第7図に示す。図において、2は被加工物、3は加工中に加工液を噴出する下部ノズル、4はNC装置、5は加工中に加工液を噴出する上部ノズル、6は加工を行うワイヤ電極、7はU軸駆動装置及びV軸駆動装置を内蔵しテーパ加工等を行う時に上部ノズル5の位置を下部ノズル3に対して移動させるテーパ装置、8は被加工物2を載せるテーブル定盤、9は被加工物2及びワイヤ電極6に加工電力を供給する加工電源装置、21はワイヤ電極6を巻いてあるワイヤボビン、22はワイヤ電極6の方向を変えるためのプーリ、23はワイヤ電極6に一定の張力を与えるためのテンショナ、24はワイヤ電極6を送るためのワイヤ回収ローラ、27はテーブル定盤8をX軸方向に移動させるためのX軸サーボモータ、28はテーブル定盤8をY軸方向に移動させるためのY軸サーボモータ、29はテーパ装置7及び上部ノズル5をZ軸方向に移動させるためのZ軸サーボモータ、30はテーパ装置7をU軸方向に移動させるためのU軸サーボモータ、31はテーパ装置7をV軸方向に移動させるためのV軸サーボモータである。ここで、被加工物2及びワイヤ電極6への給電については記載を省略している。
第8図は、従来のワイヤ放電加工装置において、より滑らかな加工面の表面粗さ得るためのテーブル定盤部分の構成図であり、図において、1は絶縁部材、2は被加工物、3は加工中に加工液を噴出する下部ノズル、5は加工中に加工液を噴出する上部ノズル、10は給電線、11は仕上げ給電線、12は給電線10及び仕上げ給電線11の開閉を行うコンタクタ、13は被加工物2に給電線10からの給電を開閉する補助コンタクタ、14は被加工物2、下部ノズル3及び上部ノズル5等を加工液中に浸すために加工液を溜める加工漕を示している。
また、第8図において、ワイヤ電極への給電については記載を省略している。
次に、給電方法について説明する。例えば、加工面の表面粗さが3μmRmaxより大きい場合の加工時には給電線10及び仕上げ給電線11を使用して加工を行い、加工面の表面粗さがより滑らかな3μmRmax以下の場合の加工時には仕上げ給電線11のみを使用して放電エネルギを小さくして高精度加工を行う。これは、被加工物2の材質がSKD11、被加工物の板厚が20mm、ワイヤ電極6の材質が黄銅、ワイヤ電極6の直径が0.2mmの場合の例であり、被加工物2の材質もしくは板厚が変化した場合、又はワイヤ電極6の材質もしくは直径が変化した場合は、給電量を変更する加工面の表面粗さ(前記の例では3μmRmax)が変化する。
以下においても、給電量を変更する加工面の表面粗さが3μmRmaxである場合を例にとり説明する。
第8図の(a)では、絶縁部材1をテーブル定盤8の上部に設置し被加工物2をその上部に設置している。加工完了後の製品で必要とされる加工面の表面粗さにより定められた加工回数と、その加工回数別の加工電源装置9のエネルギの設定を加工プログラムに入力してプログラムを実行させ、加工面の表面粗さが3μmRmax以下の加工になると、コンタクタ12により給電線10からの給電を止め、仕上げ給電線11のみの給電とする。これと同時に補助コンタクタ13を開状態とすることにより、仕上げ給電線11からの給電を除けば絶縁された状態とすることができ、回り込み電流を防止して、より滑らかな表面粗さの加工が可能となる。
しかし、第8図の(a)の構成は、テーブル定盤8の上部に絶縁部材1があり、テーブル定盤8と絶縁部材1との組付けを実際に加工を行う現場にて実施し、被加工物2を絶縁部材1に固定する必要があり、テーブル定盤8に被加工物2を直接取り付ける場合に比べて段取り時間が長くなり、結果として放電加工により製作する部品の製作コストの増大につながるという問題がある。
第8図の(b)では、テーブル定盤8の上部に直接被加工物2を設置している。加工完了後の製品で必要とされる加工面の表面粗さにより定められた加工回数と、その加工回数別の加工電源装置9のエネルギの設定を加工プログラムの中に入力しておきプログラムを実行させ、加工面の表面粗さが3μmRmax以下の加工になると給電線10からの給電を止め、仕上げ給電線11のみの給電とする。仕上げ給電線11からの給電を除けば絶縁された状態とすることができ、回り込み電流を防止して、より滑らかな表面粗さの加工が可能となる。
しかし、第8図の(b)の構成は、テーブル定盤8の下部に絶縁部材1が組み付けられるが、加工漕14とテーブル定盤8との距離が近く、加工漕14とテーブル定盤8との対向する面積が大きくなると一種のコンデンサとなり、特に交流の電圧がかかると、絶縁しているにもかかわらず電流が流れてしまい、その結果、加工電力が増加して所期の加工面の表面粗さを得ることができない。このために、加工漕14とテーブル定盤8との距離が近すぎないように、より大きな絶縁部材を使用した場合には、セラミックス等の高価な材料からなる絶縁部材の材料コスト及び加工コストの増大が避けられないという問題がある。
さらに、現在の放電加工装置による加工部品市場における短納期、高精度加工の要求に対応するためには、加工精度の向上と加工速度の向上を両立させる必要性が高くなっている。
従来の、より滑らかな加工面の表面粗さを得るための前記第8図の(a)及び(b)に示したような方法では、加工面の表面粗さはより滑らかになるが、絶縁部材1を使用するために給電は給電線及び仕上げ給電線により行うため、給電線及び仕上げ給電線のインダクタンス等により放電ピーク電流が低下し、特に粗加工時の加工速度が低下する。従って、前記のように強く望まれている加工精度と加工速度の両立を図ることができないという問題点があった。
発明の開示
この発明は、前記のような問題点を解決するためになされたものであり、加工精度の向上と加工速度の向上を両立することができると共に、大幅なコスト低減を図ることができる放電加工方法及び装置を得ることを目的とする。
第1の発明に係る放電加工方法は、被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値よりも大きい場合は、内部の流体の圧力により膨張又は収縮する袋状体を収縮状態にして加工漕とテーブル定盤との間に加工液を充満させて加工を行い、前記被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値以下の場合は、前記袋状体を膨張状態にして前記加工漕と前記テーブル定盤との間に入り込む前記加工液を減少させて加工を行うものである。
第2の発明に係る放電加工方法は、第1の発明に係る放電加工方法において、前記被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値よりも大きい場合は、加工電力を増減できる給電量制御手段により給電量を増加させて加工を行い、前記被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値以下の場合は、前記給電量制御手段により給電量を減少させて加工を行うものである。
第3の発明に係る放電加工方法は、被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値よりも大きい場合は、テーブル定盤と加工漕との間に形成された、前記加工槽内の加工液に対する遮蔽空間の中に誘電率の高い物質を充満させて加工を行い、前記被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値以下の場合は、前記遮蔽空間の中に誘電率の低い物質を充満させて加工を行うものである。
第4の発明に係る放電加工方法は、第3の発明に係る放電加工方法において、前記被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値よりも大きい場合は、加工電力を増減できる給電量制御手段により給電量を増加させて加工を行い、前記被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値以下の場合は、前記給電量制御手段により給電量を減少させて加工を行うものである。
第5の発明に係る放電加工装置は、テーブル定盤と加工槽との間に配設され、前記テーブル定盤及び前記加工槽と連結し、前記テーブル定盤を支持する絶縁部材と、前記テーブル定盤と前記加工槽との間に配設され、内部の流体の圧力により膨張又は収縮する袋状体と、前記袋状体内部の圧力を変化させることにより、前記袋状体を膨張及び収縮させる膨縮装置とを備え、被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値よりも大きい場合は、前記袋状体を前記膨縮装置により収縮状態にして前記加工漕と前記テーブル定盤との間に加工液を充満させて加工を行い、前記被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値以下の場合は、前記袋状体を前記膨縮装置により膨張状態にして前記加工漕と前記テーブル定盤との間に入り込む前記加工液を減少させて加工を行うものである。
第6の発明に係る放電加工装置は、第5の発明に係る放電加工装置において、加工電力を増減できる給電量制御手段を備え、前記被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値よりも大きい場合は、前記給電量制御手段により給電量を増加させて加工を行い、前記被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値以下の場合は、前記給電量制御手段により給電量を減少させて加工を行うものである。
第7の発明に係る放電加工装置は、テーブル定盤と加工槽との間に配設され、前記テーブル定盤及び前記加工槽と連結し、前記テーブル定盤を支持する絶縁部材と、前記テーブル定盤と前記加工漕との間に形成された、前記加工槽内の加工液に対する遮蔽空間と、前記遮蔽空間に、誘電率の高い物質を供給及び回収する機能と、誘電率の低い物質を供給及び回収する機能を有する流体供給回収装置を備え、被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値よりも大きい場合は、前記流体供給回収装置により前記遮蔽空間の中に誘電率の高い物質を充満させて加工を行い、前記被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値以下の場合は、前記流体供給回収装置により前記遮蔽空間の中に誘電率の低い物質を充満させて加工を行うものである。
第8の発明に係る放電加工装置は、第7の発明に係る放電加工装置において、加工電力を増減できる給電量制御手段を備え、前記被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値よりも大きい場合は、前記給電量制御手段により給電量を増加させて加工を行い、前記被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値以下の場合は、前記給電量制御手段により給電量を減少させて加工を行うものである。
この発明は、前記のように構成されているので、以下に示すような効果を奏する。
第1の発明及び第3の発明に係るに係る放電加工方法は、被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値よりも大きい場合は、前記被加工物に対する給電量を補うことができるため、加工速度の低下を防ぐことができる。また、前記被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値以下の場合は、テーブル定盤の絶縁状態を確保できるため、より滑らかな表面粗さの加工面を得ることができる。従って、加工精度の向上と加工速度の向上を両立することができる。さらに、使用する絶縁部材の小形化が図れるため、高価な材料の使用量が大幅に削減され、大幅なコスト低減が実現できる。
第2の発明及び第4の発明に係るに係る放電加工方法は、第1の発明及び第3の発明と同様の効果を奏すると共に、被加工物の加工面の所定の値の表面粗さで給電量を切り替えるため、さらに加工精度の向上と加工速度の向上を図ることができる。
第5の発明及び第7の発明に係るに係る放電加工装置は、第1の発明及び第3の発明と同様の効果を奏する。
第6の発明及び第8の発明に係るに係る放電加工装置は、第2の発明及び第4の発明と同様の効果を奏する。
発明を実施するための最良の形態
実施の形態1.
第1図及び第2図は、この発明の実施の形態1の放電加工装置を示したものであり、一例として、ワイヤ放電加工装置の場合を示している。また、第1図は全体構成を、第2図はテーブル定盤部分の構成を示している。また、第1図及び第2図において、背景技術の第7図及び第8図と同一もしくは相当部分には同一符号を付している。
第1図において、15は内部の流体の圧力により膨張又は収縮する袋状体、16は袋状体15を膨張及び収縮させることが可能な膨縮装置であり、例えばポンプ等による流体のエネルギ伝達により袋状体15内部の圧力を変化させることにより、袋状体15を膨張及び収縮させることができるものである。また、第2図において、17は加工液であり、加工槽14内において被加工物2等を浸漬させている。
給電方法は、背景技術で説明した放電加工装置と同様であり、以下においても、加工面の表面粗さが3μmRmaxで給電量を変更する場合を例にとり説明する。
第2図の(a)は加工面の表面粗さが3μmRmaxより大きい場合の加工時のテーブル定盤部分の構成を、第2図の(b)は加工面の表面粗さが3μmRmax以下の場合の加工時のテーブル定盤部分の構成を示している。また、第2図の(c)は第2図の(a)の断面X−Xを示している。袋状体15は、テーブル定盤と加工漕との間に設置され、膨縮装置16により膨張又は収縮する。
加工面の表面粗さが3μmRmaxより大きい場合の加工時には、第2図の(a)のように袋状体15を膨縮装置16により収縮状態にし、加工漕14とテーブル定盤8の間に加工液17を充満させる。こうすることにより、加工漕14とテーブル定盤8との間で一種のコンデンサを形成させ、コンデンサに蓄積された電荷が交流電力により電流として流出することにより、被加工物2に対する給電量を補い加工速度の低下を防ぐことができる。
加工面の表面粗さが3μmRmax以下の場合の加工時には、第2図の(b)のように袋状体15を膨縮装置16により膨張状態にし、加工漕14とテーブル定盤8の間に加工液17がなるべく入り込まないようにする。袋状体15の中には、空気のように誘電率の低い物質を充填する。充填する物質は誘電率が低ければ気体でも液体でもよい。袋状体15の膨張により加工漕14とテーブル定盤8との間が一種のコンデンサになるのを抑え、テーブル定盤8の絶縁状態を確保し、より滑らかな表面粗さの加工面を得ることができる。
袋状体15としては、例えば、蛇腹状、枕状、管状等の様々な形状を採用することができ、前記のように、内部に流体が充填可能であり、膨縮装置16による袋状体15内部の圧力変化により、膨張及び収縮が可能なものであればよい。
次に、絶縁部材1と袋状体15の配置について説明する。第2図の(c)は、テーブル定盤8が矩形状である場合の例であり、テーブル定盤8の四隅に絶縁部材1を配置して、テーブル定盤8と加工槽14とを絶縁部材1を介して固定している。また、袋状体15は4つの絶縁部材1の間に隙間を埋めるように配置されている。第2図では、袋状体15の配置はテーブル定盤8の底面だけとしているが、テーブル定盤8の側面に配置することもできる。また、絶縁部材1は、テーブル定盤8及び加工槽14と直接に連結されてもよいし、スペーサ等を介して間接に連結されてもよい。
第3図に加工面の表面粗さが3μmRmaxより大きい場合の加工時と加工面の表面粗さが3μmRmax以下の場合の加工時の、給電線、仕上げ給電線及び袋状体15の加工時の状態の一覧を示す。これらの状態の切り替え指示は、NC装置4から加工電源装置9に電気条件の切り替え指示が発令された時に、NC装置4から発令される。また、X軸サーボモータ27、Y軸サーボモータ28、Z軸サーボモータ29、U軸サーボモータ30、V軸サーボモータ31への移動指令は、袋状体15の膨張又は収縮が終了してから発令される。
給電量の増減を行う給電量制御手段としては、前記のように複数の給電線の開閉をコンタクタ等によって行う構成の他、加工電源装置9の内部で給電量を制御した後に給電線を通して給電を行う等の様々な構成を用いることができ、給電量を増減できるものであればよい。
また、絶縁部材1は、第2図の(c)で説明したようにテーブル定盤8を絶縁する目的の他に、テーブル定盤8の固定が目的となる。従って、第2図の(c)の例では絶縁部材1を4個使用しているが、4個に限定するものではなく、テーブル定盤8の大きさ等の必要に応じて変更することができる。
ここで、絶縁部材1の厚さはテーブル定盤8の絶縁と固定ができる程度の厚さでよいと共に、より小形のものでよいため、高価な材料の使用量が大幅に削減され、大幅なコスト低減が実現できる。
実施の形態2.
第4図は、この発明の実施の形態2の放電加工装置のテーブル定盤部分の構成を示したものであり、実施の形態1の第2図と同一もしくは相当部分には同一符号を付している。第4図の(a)において、18はテーブル定盤8と加工漕14との間に加工槽14内の加工液17が入り込まないように、加工槽14内の加工液17に対する遮蔽空間を作ることができる側壁、19は、前記の遮蔽空間(以下、空間Aとする)に、加工液のように誘電率の高い物質を供給及び回収する機能と、空気のように誘電率の低い物質を供給及び回収する機能を有する流体供給回収装置である。また、第4図の(b)は第4図の(a)の断面Y−Yを示したものであり、側壁18に仕切られた空間Aを示している。
流体供給回収装置19の構成の一例を第5図に示す。この例では、誘電率の高い物質としては加工液17を、誘電率の低い物質としては空気を用いる場合を示している。図において、41〜43はバルブ、44、45は配管、46はポンプであり、バルブ41は空間Aと大気との間の開閉を行い、配管45はバルブ43を介して空間Aと加工槽14を連結しており、配管44はバルブ42及びポンプ46を介して空間Aと加工槽14を連結している。
空間Aに加工液17を供給する場合は、バルブ41を閉、バルブ42を開、バルブ43を開として、加工液17の圧力により配管45から加工液17を空間Aに供給、充満させ、バルブ42を閉にする。次に、加工液17を回収し、空間Aに空気を供給する場合は、まずバルブ43を閉とし、バルブ42を開として、ポンプ46により空間A内の加工液17を配管44から加工槽14内に汲み上げる、この時バルブ41を開とすることにより、空間Aには空気が充満する。このようにして、空間Aに、誘電率の高い物質の供給と誘電率の低い物質の供給を行うことができる。
加工面の表面粗さが3μmRmaxより大きい場合の加工時には、流体供給回収装置19により、空間Aの中に加工液のように誘電率の高い物質を充満させる。充填する物質は誘電率が高ければ気体でも液体でもよい。こうすることにより、加工漕14とテーブル定盤8との間で一種のコンデンサを形成させ、コンデンサに蓄積された電荷が交流電力により電流として流出することにより、被加工物2に対する給電量を補い加工速度の低下を防ぐことができる。
加工面の表面粗さが3μmRmax以下の場合の加工時には、流体供給回収装置19により、空間Aの中に空気のように誘電率の低い物質を充満させる。充填する物質は誘電率が低ければ気体でも液体でもよい。こうすることにより、加工漕14とテーブル定盤8との間で一種のコンデンサの発生を抑え、テーブル定盤8の絶縁状態を確保し、より滑らかな表面粗さの加工面を得ることができる。
絶縁部材1と側壁18の配置について、第4図の(b)を使用して説明する。一例として、テーブル定盤8が矩形状である場合について説明する。テーブル定盤8の四隅に絶縁部材1を配置してテーブル定盤8を加工槽14と固定し、4つの絶縁部材1の間に隙間を埋めるように側壁18を配置する。この説明ではテーブル定盤8の下面だけとしているが、側面に配置することもできる。
第6図に加工面の表面粗さが3μmRmaxより大きい場合の加工時と加工面の表面粗さが3μmRmax以下の場合の加工時の、給電線、仕上げ給電線及び空間Aの加工時の状態の一覧を示す。これらの状態の切り替え指示は実施の形態1と同様に行うことができる。
以上のような実施の形態2においても、実施の形態1と同様に、絶縁部材1の厚さはテーブル定盤8の絶縁と固定ができる程度の厚さでよいと共に、より小形のものでよいため、高価な材料の使用量が大幅に削減され、大幅なコスト低減が実現できる。
以上の説明においては、ワイヤ放電加工装置を例として説明したが、この発明は、形彫放電加工装置等の他の放電加工装置にも適用可能であることはいうまでもない。
産業上の利用可能性
以上のように、この発明に係る放電加工方法及び装置は、加工精度の向上と加工速度の向上の両立、及び大幅なコスト低減を図ることができるため、放電加工作業に用いられるのに適している。
【図面の簡単な説明】
第1図は、この発明の実施の形態1の放電加工装置の全体構成図である。
第2図は、この発明の実施の形態1のテーブル定盤部分の構成図である。
第3図は、この発明の実施の形態1の給電線、仕上げ給電線及び袋状体の加工時の状態を示す図である。
第4図は、この発明の実施の形態2の放電加工装置のテーブル定盤部分の構成図である。
第5図は、この発明の実施の形態2の流体供給回収装置の構成の一例を示す図である。
第6図は、この発明の実施の形態2の給電線、仕上げ給電線及び空間Aの加工時の状態を示す図である。
第7図は、従来の放電加工装置の全体構成図である。
第8図は、従来の放電加工装置のテーブル定盤部分の構成図である。
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an improvement in an electric discharge machining method and apparatus for performing electric discharge machining on a workpiece by supplying machining electric power between an electrode and the workpiece.
FIG. 7 shows an overall configuration of a wire electric discharge machining apparatus as an example of a conventional electric discharge machining apparatus. In the figure, 2 is a workpiece, 3 is a lower nozzle that ejects machining fluid during machining, 4 is an NC device, 5 is an upper nozzle that ejects machining fluid during machining, 6 is a wire electrode that performs machining, and 7 is A taper device that incorporates a U-axis drive device and a V-axis drive device to move the position of the upper nozzle 5 relative to the lower nozzle 3 when performing taper machining, 8 is a table platen on which the workpiece 2 is placed, and 9 is a workpiece. A machining power supply device that supplies machining power to the workpiece 2 and the wire electrode 6, 21 is a wire bobbin around which the wire electrode 6 is wound, 22 is a pulley for changing the direction of the wire electrode 6, and 23 is a constant tension applied to the wire electrode 6. , A wire collecting roller for feeding the wire electrode 6; 27, an X-axis servo motor for moving the table surface plate 8 in the X-axis direction; and 28, a table surface plate 8 in the Y-axis direction. Move 29, a Z-axis servomotor 29 for moving the taper device 7 and the upper nozzle 5 in the Z-axis direction, and 30 a U-axis servomotor for moving the taper device 7 in the U-axis direction, 31 is a V-axis servo motor for moving the taper device 7 in the V-axis direction. Here, description about the electric power feeding to the to-be-processed object 2 and the wire electrode 6 is abbreviate | omitted.
FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of a table surface plate portion for obtaining a smoother surface roughness of a processed surface in a conventional wire electric discharge machining apparatus, in which 1 is an insulating member, 2 is a workpiece, Is a lower nozzle that ejects machining fluid during machining, 5 is an upper nozzle that ejects machining fluid during machining, 10 is a feeder, 11 is a finish feeder, and 12 is used to open and close the feeder 10 and finish feeder 11. The contactor 13 is an auxiliary contactor for opening and closing the power supply 10 from the power supply line 10 to the workpiece 2, and 14 is a processing rod for storing the processing liquid to immerse the processing object 2, the lower nozzle 3 and the upper nozzle 5 in the processing liquid. Is shown.
Moreover, in FIG. 8, description about the electric power feeding to a wire electrode is abbreviate | omitted.
Next, a power feeding method will be described. For example, the power supply line 10 and the finish power supply line 11 are used for processing when the surface roughness of the processed surface is greater than 3 μmRmax, and the finish is performed for processing when the surface roughness of the processed surface is 3 μmRmax or less which is smoother. Only the power supply line 11 is used to reduce the discharge energy and perform high precision machining. This is an example in which the material of the workpiece 2 is SKD11, the thickness of the workpiece is 20 mm, the material of the wire electrode 6 is brass, and the diameter of the wire electrode 6 is 0.2 mm. When the material or the plate thickness changes, or when the material or diameter of the wire electrode 6 changes, the surface roughness (3 μm Rmax in the above example) of the processed surface for changing the power supply amount changes.
In the following, the case where the surface roughness of the processed surface for changing the power supply amount is 3 μm Rmax will be described as an example.
In FIG. 8A, the insulating member 1 is installed on the upper part of the table surface plate 8, and the workpiece 2 is installed on the upper part thereof. The machining frequency determined by the surface roughness of the machined surface required for the product after machining and the energy setting of the machining power supply device 9 for each machining frequency are input to the machining program to execute the program. When the surface roughness of the surface is 3 μm Rmax or less, the contactor 12 stops the power supply from the power supply line 10 and only the finishing power supply line 11 is supplied. At the same time, by opening the auxiliary contactor 13, it is possible to obtain an insulated state except for the power supply from the finishing power supply line 11, preventing a sneak current and processing a smoother surface roughness. It becomes possible.
However, in the configuration of FIG. 8A, the insulating member 1 is provided on the upper part of the table surface plate 8, and the assembly of the table surface plate 8 and the insulating member 1 is carried out at the actual processing site, It is necessary to fix the workpiece 2 to the insulating member 1, and the setup time is longer than when the workpiece 2 is directly attached to the table surface plate 8. As a result, the manufacturing cost of parts manufactured by electric discharge machining increases. There is a problem that leads to.
In FIG. 8 (b), the workpiece 2 is directly installed on the upper part of the table surface plate 8. Enter the number of machinings determined by the surface roughness of the machined surface required for the finished product and the energy settings of the machining power supply 9 for each machining frequency into the machining program and execute the program. When the surface roughness of the processed surface is 3 μm Rmax or less, the power supply from the power supply line 10 is stopped and only the finish power supply line 11 is supplied. Except for the power supply from the finishing power supply line 11, it can be in an insulated state, preventing a sneak current and enabling a smoother surface roughness.
However, in the configuration of FIG. 8B, the insulating member 1 is assembled to the lower part of the table surface plate 8, but the distance between the processing rod 14 and the table surface plate 8 is short, and the processing rod 14 and the table surface plate 8 are close to each other. When the area facing is increased, it becomes a kind of capacitor. Especially when AC voltage is applied, current flows even though it is insulated, and as a result, machining power increases and the desired machining surface is increased. The surface roughness cannot be obtained. For this reason, when a larger insulating member is used so that the distance between the processing rod 14 and the table surface plate 8 is not too short, the material cost and processing cost of the insulating member made of an expensive material such as ceramics are reduced. There is a problem that the increase is inevitable.
Furthermore, in order to meet the demands for short delivery times and high-precision machining in the current market for machined parts by electrical discharge machining equipment, there is a growing need to achieve both machining accuracy and machining speed.
In the conventional method as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B for obtaining a smoother surface roughness of the processed surface, the surface roughness of the processed surface becomes smoother. Since power supply is performed by using the power supply line and the finish power supply line in order to use the member 1, the discharge peak current decreases due to the inductance of the power supply line and the finish power supply line, and the processing speed particularly during roughing decreases. Therefore, there has been a problem that it is impossible to achieve both the processing accuracy and the processing speed which are strongly desired as described above.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and it is possible to achieve both improvement in processing accuracy and improvement in processing speed, and a significant cost reduction. An object is to obtain an electric discharge machining method and apparatus.
In the electric discharge machining method according to the first invention, when the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is larger than a predetermined value, the bag-like body that is expanded or contracted by the pressure of the internal fluid is contracted and processed. If the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is less than or equal to a predetermined value, the bag-like body is in an expanded state when the surface of the processed surface of the workpiece is less than a predetermined value. Machining is performed by reducing the machining fluid that enters between the bowl and the table surface plate.
An electric discharge machining method according to a second invention is an electric discharge machining method according to the first invention, wherein when the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is larger than a predetermined value, the power supply amount that can increase or decrease the machining electric power. Processing is performed by increasing the power supply amount by the control means, and when the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is equal to or less than a predetermined value, the power supply amount control means reduces the power supply amount and performs processing. is there.
In the electric discharge machining method according to the third aspect of the present invention, when the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is larger than a predetermined value, the electric discharge machining method is formed between the table surface plate and the processing rod. When the processing space is filled with a substance having a high dielectric constant in the shielding space for the processing liquid, and the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is equal to or less than a predetermined value, a dielectric constant is contained in the shielding space. Processing is performed by filling a low substance.
An electric discharge machining method according to a fourth invention is an electric discharge machining method according to the third invention, wherein when the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is larger than a predetermined value, the power supply amount that can increase or decrease the machining power Processing is performed by increasing the power supply amount by the control means, and when the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is equal to or less than a predetermined value, the power supply amount control means reduces the power supply amount and performs processing. is there.
An electric discharge machining apparatus according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is an insulating member that is disposed between a table surface plate and a processing tank, is connected to the table surface plate and the processing tank, and supports the table surface plate, and the table. A bag-like body that is disposed between the surface plate and the processing tank and expands or contracts by the pressure of the internal fluid, and the bag-like body is expanded and contracted by changing the pressure inside the bag-like body. An expansion / contraction device, and when the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is larger than a predetermined value, the bag-like body is contracted by the expansion / contraction device, and the processing rod and the table surface plate When the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is equal to or less than a predetermined value, the bag-like body is expanded by the expansion / contraction device and the processing is performed. Reduce the machining fluid that enters between the bowl and the table surface plate and add And it performs.
An electric discharge machining apparatus according to a sixth aspect of the invention is the electric discharge machining apparatus according to the fifth aspect of the invention, further comprising power supply amount control means capable of increasing / decreasing the machining power, wherein the surface roughness of the machining surface of the workpiece is greater than a predetermined value. If the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is less than or equal to a predetermined value, the power supply amount is controlled by the power supply amount control means. Processing is performed by decreasing the number.
An electrical discharge machining apparatus according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is an insulating member that is disposed between a table surface plate and a processing tank, is connected to the table surface plate and the processing tank, and supports the table surface plate, and the table A shielding space for the processing liquid in the processing tank, formed between a surface plate and the processing trough, a function for supplying and collecting a substance having a high dielectric constant to the shielding space, and a substance having a low dielectric constant. A fluid supply / recovery device having a function of supplying and collecting is provided. When the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is larger than a predetermined value, the fluid supply / recovery device has a high dielectric constant in the shielded space. If the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is less than or equal to a predetermined value, the fluid supply and recovery device fills the shielded space with a substance having a low dielectric constant. Processing is performed.
An electric discharge machining apparatus according to an eighth invention is the electric discharge machining apparatus according to the seventh invention, further comprising power supply amount control means capable of increasing or decreasing machining power, wherein a surface roughness of a machining surface of the workpiece is greater than a predetermined value. If the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is less than or equal to a predetermined value, the power supply amount is controlled by the power supply amount control means. Processing is performed by decreasing the number.
Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
In the electric discharge machining method according to the first and third inventions, when the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is larger than a predetermined value, the power supply amount to the workpiece can be supplemented. Therefore, a reduction in processing speed can be prevented. In addition, when the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is equal to or less than a predetermined value, the insulating state of the table surface plate can be ensured, so that a processed surface with a smoother surface roughness can be obtained. Therefore, both improvement in machining accuracy and improvement in machining speed can be achieved. Furthermore, since the size of the insulating member to be used can be reduced, the amount of expensive materials used can be greatly reduced, and a significant cost reduction can be realized.
The electric discharge machining method according to the second invention and the fourth invention has the same effect as the first invention and the third invention, and has a surface roughness of a predetermined value of the machined surface of the workpiece. Since the power supply amount is switched, it is possible to further improve the machining accuracy and the machining speed.
The electric discharge machining apparatus according to the fifth and seventh inventions has the same effect as the first and third inventions.
The electric discharge machining apparatus according to the sixth invention and the eighth invention has the same effects as those of the second invention and the fourth invention.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiment 1
1 and 2 show an electric discharge machining apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. As an example, a wire electric discharge machining apparatus is shown. 1 shows the overall configuration, and FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the table surface plate. In FIGS. 1 and 2, the same or corresponding parts as those in FIGS. 7 and 8 of the background art are denoted by the same reference numerals.
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 15 denotes a bag-like body that expands or contracts by the pressure of the internal fluid, and 16 denotes an expansion / contraction device that can expand and contract the bag-like body 15. The bag-like body 15 can be expanded and contracted by changing the pressure inside the bag-like body 15. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 17 denotes a processing liquid in which the workpiece 2 or the like is immersed in the processing tank 14.
The power supply method is the same as that of the electric discharge machining apparatus described in the background art, and the following description will be given by taking as an example a case where the power supply amount is changed when the surface roughness of the processed surface is 3 μm Rmax.
2 (a) shows the structure of the table surface plate during machining when the surface roughness of the machined surface is greater than 3 μmRmax, and FIG. 2 (b) shows the case where the surface roughness of the machined surface is 3 μmRmax or less. The structure of the table surface plate part at the time of processing is shown. Further, (c) of FIG. 2 shows a cross section XX of (a) of FIG. The bag-like body 15 is installed between the table surface plate and the processing rod, and is expanded or contracted by the expansion / contraction device 16.
At the time of processing when the surface roughness of the processing surface is larger than 3 μm Rmax, the bag-like body 15 is contracted by the expansion / contraction device 16 as shown in FIG. The machining liquid 17 is filled. In this way, a kind of capacitor is formed between the processing rod 14 and the table surface plate 8, and the electric charge accumulated in the capacitor flows out as current by AC power, thereby supplementing the amount of power supplied to the workpiece 2. A decrease in processing speed can be prevented.
At the time of processing when the surface roughness of the processing surface is 3 μm Rmax or less, the bag-like body 15 is inflated by the expansion / contraction device 16 as shown in FIG. The processing liquid 17 is prevented from entering as much as possible. The bag-like body 15 is filled with a substance having a low dielectric constant such as air. The material to be filled may be a gas or a liquid as long as the dielectric constant is low. The expansion of the bag-like body 15 prevents a gap between the processing bar 14 and the table surface plate 8 from becoming a kind of capacitor, ensures the insulation state of the table surface plate 8, and obtains a processed surface with a smoother surface roughness. be able to.
For example, various shapes such as a bellows shape, a pillow shape, and a tubular shape can be adopted as the bag-like body 15. As described above, a fluid can be filled in the bag-like body 15. What is necessary is that what can expand | swell and shrink | contract by the pressure change of 15 inside.
Next, the arrangement of the insulating member 1 and the bag-like body 15 will be described. FIG. 2 (c) shows an example in which the table surface plate 8 has a rectangular shape. The insulating members 1 are arranged at the four corners of the table surface plate 8 to insulate the table surface plate 8 and the processing tank 14 from each other. It is fixed via the member 1. The bag-like body 15 is arranged so as to fill a gap between the four insulating members 1. In FIG. 2, the bag-like body 15 is disposed only on the bottom surface of the table surface plate 8, but can be disposed on the side surface of the table surface plate 8. Moreover, the insulating member 1 may be directly connected with the table surface plate 8 and the processing tank 14, or may be indirectly connected through a spacer or the like.
FIG. 3 shows the power supply line, the finish power supply line, and the bag-like body 15 during processing when the surface roughness of the processed surface is greater than 3 μmRmax and when processing is performed when the surface roughness of the processed surface is 3 μmRmax or less. A list of states is shown. These state switching instructions are issued from the NC apparatus 4 when an electrical condition switching instruction is issued from the NC apparatus 4 to the machining power supply apparatus 9. The movement command to the X-axis servo motor 27, the Y-axis servo motor 28, the Z-axis servo motor 29, the U-axis servo motor 30 and the V-axis servo motor 31 is issued after the expansion or contraction of the bag-like body 15 is completed. It is announced.
As the power supply amount control means for increasing / decreasing the power supply amount, in addition to the configuration in which a plurality of power supply lines are opened and closed by a contactor as described above, the power supply amount is controlled through the processing power supply device 9 and then fed through the power supply line. Any configuration can be used as long as the power supply amount can be increased or decreased.
Further, the insulating member 1 is intended to fix the table surface plate 8 in addition to the purpose of insulating the table surface plate 8 as described in FIG. Accordingly, in the example of FIG. 2 (c), four insulating members 1 are used, but the number is not limited to four, and the size of the table surface plate 8 can be changed as necessary. it can.
Here, the thickness of the insulating member 1 may be a thickness that can insulate and fix the table surface plate 8 and may be smaller, so that the amount of expensive material used is greatly reduced, which is greatly reduced. Cost reduction can be realized.
Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 4 shows the structure of the table surface plate portion of the electric discharge machining apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The same reference numerals are given to the same or corresponding parts as those in FIG. 2 of the first embodiment. ing. In FIG. 4A, reference numeral 18 denotes a shielding space for the processing liquid 17 in the processing tank 14 so that the processing liquid 17 in the processing tank 14 does not enter between the table surface plate 8 and the processing rod 14. The side wall 19 capable of supplying and recovering a material having a high dielectric constant, such as a working fluid, into the shielding space (hereinafter referred to as space A) and a substance having a low dielectric constant, such as air, are provided. A fluid supply / recovery device having a function of supplying and recovering. FIG. 4B shows a cross-section YY of FIG. 4A, and shows a space A partitioned by the side wall 18.
An example of the configuration of the fluid supply / recovery device 19 is shown in FIG. In this example, the processing liquid 17 is used as a substance having a high dielectric constant, and air is used as a substance having a low dielectric constant. In the figure, 41 to 43 are valves, 44 and 45 are pipes, 46 is a pump, the valve 41 opens and closes between the space A and the atmosphere, and the pipe 45 passes through the valve 43 and the space A and the processing tank 14. The pipe 44 connects the space A and the processing tank 14 via a valve 42 and a pump 46.
When supplying the machining fluid 17 to the space A, the valve 41 is closed, the valve 42 is opened, the valve 43 is opened, and the machining fluid 17 is supplied from the pipe 45 to the space A by the pressure of the machining fluid 17 to be filled. 42 is closed. Next, when recovering the machining liquid 17 and supplying air to the space A, the valve 43 is first closed, the valve 42 is opened, and the machining liquid 17 in the space A is pumped from the pipe 44 to the machining tank 14 by the pump 46. When the valve 41 is opened at this time, the space A is filled with air. In this way, a substance having a high dielectric constant and a substance having a low dielectric constant can be supplied to the space A.
At the time of processing when the surface roughness of the processing surface is larger than 3 μm Rmax, the fluid supply / recovery device 19 fills the space A with a substance having a high dielectric constant such as processing liquid. The material to be filled may be gas or liquid as long as the dielectric constant is high. In this way, a kind of capacitor is formed between the processing rod 14 and the table surface plate 8, and the electric charge accumulated in the capacitor flows out as current by AC power, thereby supplementing the amount of power supplied to the workpiece 2. A decrease in processing speed can be prevented.
At the time of processing when the surface roughness of the processing surface is 3 μm Rmax or less, the fluid supply and recovery device 19 fills the space A with a substance having a low dielectric constant such as air. The material to be filled may be a gas or a liquid as long as the dielectric constant is low. By doing so, it is possible to suppress the generation of a kind of capacitor between the processing rod 14 and the table surface plate 8, to secure the insulation state of the table surface plate 8, and to obtain a processed surface with a smoother surface roughness. .
The arrangement of the insulating member 1 and the side wall 18 will be described with reference to FIG. As an example, a case where the table surface plate 8 is rectangular will be described. The insulating members 1 are arranged at the four corners of the table surface plate 8 to fix the table surface plate 8 to the processing tank 14, and the side walls 18 are disposed so as to fill the gaps between the four insulating members 1. In this description, only the lower surface of the table surface plate 8 is shown, but it can be arranged on the side surface.
FIG. 6 shows the state of the power supply line, the finish power supply line and the space A during processing when the surface roughness of the processed surface is greater than 3 μmRmax and when processing the surface roughness of the processed surface is 3 μmRmax or less. A list is shown. These state switching instructions can be performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
Also in the second embodiment as described above, the thickness of the insulating member 1 may be a thickness that can insulate and fix the table surface plate 8 as well as the first embodiment, and may be smaller. Therefore, the amount of expensive material used is greatly reduced, and a significant cost reduction can be realized.
In the above description, the wire electric discharge machining apparatus has been described as an example, but it goes without saying that the present invention can also be applied to other electric discharge machining apparatuses such as a sculpting electric discharge machining apparatus.
Industrial Applicability As described above, the electric discharge machining method and apparatus according to the present invention can achieve both improvement in machining accuracy and improvement in machining speed and significant cost reduction. Suitable for use.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an electric discharge machining apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the table surface plate portion according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a state during processing of the feed line, the finish feed line, and the bag-like body according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the table surface plate portion of the electric discharge machining apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a fluid supply / recovery device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a state during processing of the feed line, the finish feed line, and the space A according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an overall configuration diagram of a conventional electric discharge machining apparatus.
FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of a table surface plate portion of a conventional electric discharge machining apparatus.

Claims (6)

加工液を溜めた加工槽の中のテーブル定盤上に固定された被加工物と電極との間に加工電力を供給し、放電により前記被加工物を加工する放電加工方法において、
前記被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値よりも大きい場合は、内部の流体の圧力により膨張又は収縮する袋状体を収縮状態にして、前記加工漕と前記テーブル定盤との間に前記加工液を充満させて加工を行い、
前記被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値以下の場合は、前記袋状体を膨張状態にして、前記加工漕と前記テーブル定盤との間に入り込む前記加工液を減少させて加工を行うことを特徴とする放電加工方法。
In an electric discharge machining method for supplying machining power between a workpiece and an electrode fixed on a table surface plate in a machining tank in which a machining fluid is stored, and machining the workpiece by electric discharge,
When the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is larger than a predetermined value, the bag-like body that expands or contracts by the pressure of the internal fluid is brought into a contracted state, and the processing trough and the table surface plate In between, do the processing by filling the processing fluid,
When the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is equal to or less than a predetermined value, the bag-like body is in an expanded state to reduce the processing liquid that enters between the processing trough and the table surface plate. An electrical discharge machining method characterized by performing machining.
加工液を溜めた加工槽の中のテーブル定盤上に固定された被加工物と電極との間に加工電力を供給し、放電により前記被加工物を加工する放電加工方法において、
前記被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値よりも大きい場合は、前記テーブル定盤と前記加工漕との間に形成された、前記加工槽内の前記加工液に対しての遮蔽空間の中に誘電率の高い物質を充満させて加工を行い、
前記被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値以下の場合は、前記遮蔽空間の中に誘電率の低い物質を充満させて加工を行うことを特徴とする放電加工方法。
In an electric discharge machining method for supplying machining power between a workpiece and an electrode fixed on a table surface plate in a machining tank in which a machining fluid is stored, and machining the workpiece by electric discharge,
When the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is larger than a predetermined value, the shield against the processing liquid in the processing tank formed between the table surface plate and the processing rod. Processing is performed by filling the space with a material with a high dielectric constant.
When the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is not more than a predetermined value, the electric discharge machining method is performed by filling the shielding space with a substance having a low dielectric constant.
請求の範囲1又は2において、前記被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値よりも大きい場合は、前記加工電力を増減できる給電量制御手段により給電量を増加させて加工を行い、前記被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値以下の場合は、前記給電量制御手段により給電量を減少させて加工を行うことを特徴とする放電加工方法。  In Claim 1 or 2, when the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is larger than a predetermined value, processing is performed by increasing the power supply amount by a power supply amount control means capable of increasing or decreasing the processing power, When the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is equal to or less than a predetermined value, the electric discharge machining method is performed by reducing the power supply amount by the power supply amount control means. 加工液を溜めた加工槽の中のテーブル定盤上に固定された被加工物と電極との間に加工電力を供給し、放電により前記被加工物を加工する放電加工装置において、
前記テーブル定盤と前記加工槽との間に配設され、前記テーブル定盤及び前記加工槽と連結し、前記テーブル定盤を支持する絶縁部材と、
前記テーブル定盤と前記加工槽との間に配設され、内部の流体の圧力により膨張又は収縮する袋状体と、
前記袋状体内部の圧力を変化させることにより、前記袋状体を膨張及び収縮可能な膨縮装置とを備えたことを特徴とする放電加工装置。
In an electric discharge machining apparatus that supplies machining power between a workpiece and an electrode fixed on a table surface plate in a machining tank in which a machining fluid is stored, and processes the workpiece by electric discharge,
An insulating member disposed between the table surface plate and the processing tank, connected to the table surface plate and the processing tank, and supporting the table surface plate;
A bag-like body that is disposed between the table surface plate and the processing tank and expands or contracts by the pressure of an internal fluid;
An electric discharge machining apparatus comprising: an expansion / contraction device capable of expanding and contracting the bag-like body by changing a pressure inside the bag-like body.
加工液を溜めた加工槽の中のテーブル定盤上に固定された被加工物と電極との間に加工電力を供給し、放電により前記被加工物を加工する放電加工装置において、
前記テーブル定盤と前記加工槽との間に配設され、前記テーブル定盤及び前記加工槽と連結し、前記テーブル定盤を支持する絶縁部材と、
前記テーブル定盤と前記加工漕との間に形成された、前記加工槽内の前記加工液に対しての遮蔽空間と、
前記遮蔽空間に、誘電率の高い物質を供給及び回収する機能と、誘電率の低い物質を供給及び回収する機能を有する流体供給回収装置を備えたことを特徴とする放電加工装置。
In an electric discharge machining apparatus that supplies machining power between a workpiece and an electrode fixed on a table surface plate in a machining tank in which a machining fluid is stored, and processes the workpiece by electric discharge,
An insulating member disposed between the table surface plate and the processing tank, connected to the table surface plate and the processing tank, and supporting the table surface plate;
A shielding space for the processing liquid in the processing tank, formed between the table surface plate and the processing trough;
An electric discharge machining apparatus comprising a fluid supply and recovery device having a function of supplying and recovering a substance having a high dielectric constant and a function of supplying and recovering a substance having a low dielectric constant in the shielding space.
請求の範囲4又は5において、前記加工電力を増減できる給電量制御手段を備え、前記被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値よりも大きい場合は、前記給電量制御手段により給電量を増加させて加工を行い、前記被加工物の加工面の表面粗さが所定の値以下の場合は、前記給電量制御手段により給電量を減少させて加工を行うことを特徴とする放電加工装置。  The power supply amount control means capable of increasing or decreasing the machining power in claim 4 or 5, and when the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is larger than a predetermined value, the power supply amount control means When the surface roughness of the processed surface of the workpiece is equal to or less than a predetermined value, machining is performed by reducing the power supply amount by the power supply amount control means. apparatus.
JP2000604980A 1999-03-18 1999-03-18 Electric discharge machining method and apparatus Expired - Fee Related JP4281249B2 (en)

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