JP4279387B2 - Solar clock - Google Patents

Solar clock Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4279387B2
JP4279387B2 JP02153299A JP2153299A JP4279387B2 JP 4279387 B2 JP4279387 B2 JP 4279387B2 JP 02153299 A JP02153299 A JP 02153299A JP 2153299 A JP2153299 A JP 2153299A JP 4279387 B2 JP4279387 B2 JP 4279387B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
solar cell
light
windshield
sheet
dial
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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JP02153299A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2000221279A5 (en
JP2000221279A (en
Inventor
克己 青田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Citizen Holdings Co Ltd
Citizen Watch Co Ltd
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Citizen Holdings Co Ltd
Citizen Watch Co Ltd
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Publication of JP2000221279A5 publication Critical patent/JP2000221279A5/ja
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52PV systems with concentrators

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  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は外光の光エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換し、よって時計を駆動する電池交換不要の太陽電池時計に関する。より詳細には文字盤に入射する光の一部を太陽電池素子に導く機構を有する電池交換不要の太陽電池時計に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
太陽電池時計は、外光の光エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換して時計の駆動に利用するため、一般のクォーツ時計で内蔵される電池の電池切れのため時計が突然停止してしまうという心配がない、光エネルギーがある限り発電を続けるから内蔵電池の交換が不要で使用済みの廃棄電池が発生することもなく環境負担が小さい、等の利点を有する。光発電を利用する場合、時計に内蔵した太陽電池素子による発電量は、太陽電池の面積とそれに当たる光の量に比例するため、太陽電池素子の面積およびそれに当たる光の量は出来るだけ大きい方が望ましい。そのため従来例では、その大きさを面積最大となる文字盤サイズとし、光量を稼ぐため文字盤兼用として太陽電池を直接むき出しに配列するか、または、図3に示すように、文字盤を半透過型としてその下に太陽電池を配置しその透過率に比例した透過光を受光する事を行ってきた。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、太陽電池を直接むき出しに配列した場合は、文字盤の色は太陽電池素子の色、すなわち赤味がかった茶色や紫がかった青色となるため、時計の文字盤のデザインに制限が生まれるという課題があった。また、文字盤を半透過型としその下に太陽電池を配列した場合には、太陽電池素子の厚み分に隙間を加えた分だけ、時計の厚みが増す事、さらに太陽電池素子に入射する光量を稼ぐために半透過型文字盤の透過率を大きくすると下の太陽電池が透けて見え、逆に透過率を小さくすると下は透けて見えないが太陽電池素子に充分な光が当たらないため充分な発電量を得られないという課題があった。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明では、時計の風防ガラスに入射する外光の一部を風防ガラスの外周部に導波して取り出し、それを太陽電池素子に照射することにより、時計の駆動に必要な電気エネルギーを生成する。これにより、前記の困難を解消し、時計の文字盤に使用する材料・デザインの制約を取り除き、一般の電池交換式時計の外観とまったく変わらない時計を供給する事ができる。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
風防ガラスに入射する光を風防ガラスの下面に設けた散乱層もしくは風防ガラス中に分散した微粒子により散乱し、散乱光の内風防ガラス面に対し平行に散乱された成分を風防ガラス外周部付近より取り出し、直接または光路を変更する工学系を用いて、太陽電池素子に照射する。
【0006】
【実施例】
実施例の1として、風防ガラスの下にコレステリック液晶ポリマーシート(以下ChPSと略称)を配置し導波層として使用した。その摸式断面図を図1に示す。ChPSは入射方向に対しランダムに光を散乱するため、風防ガラスを通しシート面に垂直に入射した外光はChPSにより散乱されその一部がシート面と平行に散乱され、風防ガラスの外周部と同一なChPSの端面から取り出される。取り出された光は、図1に示すように直接その周囲を囲むように配置されたリング状太陽電池素子に入射し、光電変換されて電流として取り出され時計を駆動する。時計を駆動し正確な計時を維持するために必要な電力を生成するための光量は、使用する太陽電池の変換効率により異なるが、本実施例においては、使用した太陽電池の変換効率は白色蛍光灯500ルクス下で約15%であり、この時風防ガラスに入射する可視光の約20%程度が導光されて素子に入射すればよい。残り約80%は散乱されることなく文字盤に入射し、そこで反射されて戻り光として人間の目に入り、時刻が視認される。従来型の半透過型文字盤を用いた太陽電池時計の経験から、80%程度の戻り光は、100%の戻り光に対し殆どその差が認められないことが判っている。本発明において使用したリング太陽電池は、以下のようにして作成した。素子を形成する基板として角型の耐熱性フレキシブルシート、たとえばポリカーボネイトシートを用い、其の上にアルミニウム薄膜等の電極膜をスパッタリング法等の手段により成膜し、これをフォトリソ工程とエッチング工程によりパターニングを行って下部電極を形成する。続けて順にプラズマCVD法とうにより形成したアモルファスシリコン薄膜等を用いた光電変換層および反応性スパッタリング法等により形成した酸化インジウム錫、酸化錫等の透明電極膜を用いた上部電極を同様にして順次形成する。形成された太陽電池は、本実施例では素子4段の直列となるように、同一基板上に隣り合って形成した素子を、たとえばカーボンペースト等の材料を用いて直列接続した。これは、直接時計を駆動する電源としての二次電池、たとえばリチウムイオン電池、を直接充電できる電圧を得るためである。その他の手法として、素子を1段とし、集積回路等を用いて電圧を昇圧し2次電池を充電するようにしても良い。出来上がった太陽電池は、たとえば、幅2mm長さ10cmの細長い短冊型にして切り出し、丸く輪にして両端同士を接着してリング状の太陽電池とする。
【0007】
実施例2では、風防ガラスとしてガラス中に光を散乱する微粒子が均一に分布した散乱層を中間に有するガラスを使用した。その断面の模式図を図2に示す。実施例1の場合と同様に風防に入射した光は散乱層中にある微粒子により散乱され、入射光の一部が風防ガラスの外周端面より取り出され、太陽電池素子に導光され、光発電を起こす。
【0008】
散乱用の微粒子としては、風防ガラスの屈折率に比べより高屈折率な材料の微粒子、たとえばTiO2、 SrTIO3等や、紫外光を吸収して可視光を出す波長変換材料であるZnS:Cu、CaS:B、ZnS:Mnナノクリスタル、ローダミンB、6G等の微粒子などを用いてもよい。散乱粒子の径は、可視光を効率的に散乱させるのに適した大きさ、0.1〜10μm程度がよいが、さらに大きな径の粒子も含め様々なサイズの粒子を組み合わせて用いるのも良い。粒子の分散密度は、実施例1でも述べたように、側面からの取り出し光の光量が、入射光の20%程度以上となるように、粒子材料と直径により最適化する。また、一般の風防ガラスの下に、シリカの粒子を均一に分布させたたとえばポリカーボネイト、ポリエーテルサルフォン、環状非晶質ポリオレフィン、アクリル等の透明な樹脂層を設けても良い。
【0009】
実施例3では、雲母の微細薄片をポリカーボネイト中に分散させた材料を風防ガラスとして用いた。雲母は層状に剥離する材料であり、剥離面の方向を光の入射方向に対し45度付近になるように分散させる事により、少量の雲母片により効率的に入射光を外周部方向に散乱する事が出来、時計の表示品質を損なわずに必要な光を太陽電池素子に導波する事が出来る。さらにいずれの場合においても、散乱光を外周部端面より効率的に取り出すために、端面にエンボス加工を施しても良い。
【0010】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、太陽電池素子の配置を文字盤の下から開放することにより、太陽電池時計に使用できる文字盤の制約がなくなり、あらゆる種類の文字盤が利用でき、時計のデザインの自由度が大幅に向上する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明にかかる太陽電池時計の構造模式図
【図2】本発明にかかる太陽電池時計の構造模式図
【図3】従来の半透過型文字を用いた時計の断面模式図
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a solar cell timepiece that converts the light energy of external light into electric energy and thus drives the timepiece without battery replacement. More specifically, the present invention relates to a solar battery timepiece having a mechanism for guiding a part of light incident on a dial face to a solar battery element and requiring no battery replacement.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Solar cell clocks convert the light energy of external light into electrical energy and use it to drive the clock, so there is no worry that the clock will suddenly stop due to the battery running out of a general quartz watch. As long as there is light energy, power generation is continued, so there is no need to replace the built-in battery, and there is no need to use a used waste battery, and the environmental burden is small. When using photovoltaic power generation, the amount of power generated by the solar cell element built in the watch is proportional to the area of the solar cell and the amount of light hitting it, so the area of the solar cell element and the amount of light hitting it are as large as possible. Is desirable. Therefore, in the conventional example, the size is set to a dial size that maximizes the area, and in order to increase the amount of light, solar cells are directly arranged as a dial for use as a dial or, as shown in FIG. As a mold, solar cells have been placed underneath to receive transmitted light proportional to the transmittance.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, if the solar cells are directly exposed, the dial color will be the color of the solar cell elements, i.e. reddish brown or purpleish blue, which will limit the design of the watch dial. There was a problem. In addition, when the dial is semi-transmissive and solar cells are arranged underneath it, the thickness of the watch increases by the gap between the thickness of the solar cell elements and the amount of light incident on the solar cell elements. If you increase the transmissivity of the transflective dial, you can see the solar cell below, and conversely, if you decrease the transmissivity, the bottom does not see through, but the solar cell element does not receive enough light. There was a problem that a large amount of power generation could not be obtained.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, a part of the external light incident on the windshield glass of the watch is guided to the outer periphery of the windshield glass and taken out and irradiated to the solar cell element, thereby generating electric energy necessary for driving the watch. To do. As a result, it is possible to eliminate the above-mentioned difficulties, remove restrictions on materials and designs used for the dial of the watch, and supply a watch that is completely the same as the appearance of a general battery-replaceable watch.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Light incident on the windshield glass is scattered by the scattering layer provided on the lower surface of the windshield glass or by fine particles dispersed in the windshield glass, and the components scattered in parallel to the inner windshield glass surface are scattered from the vicinity of the windshield outer periphery. Take out, and irradiate the solar cell element directly or using an engineering system that changes the optical path.
[0006]
【Example】
In Example 1, a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer sheet (hereinafter abbreviated as ChPS) was placed under the windshield and used as a waveguiding layer. A schematic cross-sectional view thereof is shown in FIG. Since ChPS randomly scatters light with respect to the incident direction, external light that has passed through the windshield glass and perpendicularly incident on the sheet surface is scattered by the ChPS and part of the light is scattered in parallel with the sheet surface. It is taken out from the end face of the same ChPS. The extracted light is directly incident on a ring-shaped solar cell element arranged so as to surround the periphery thereof as shown in FIG. 1, is photoelectrically converted and extracted as an electric current, and drives a timepiece. The amount of light used to generate the power necessary to drive the watch and maintain accurate timing varies depending on the conversion efficiency of the solar cell used. In this example, the conversion efficiency of the solar cell used is white fluorescent light. It is about 15% under 500 lux of light, and about 20% of visible light incident on the windshield at this time may be guided and incident on the element. The remaining 80% is incident on the dial without being scattered, and is reflected there and enters the human eye as return light, so that the time is visually recognized. From experience with a solar cell watch using a conventional transflective dial, it is known that about 80% of the return light is hardly different from 100% of the return light. The ring- shaped solar cell used in the present invention was prepared as follows. A square heat-resistant flexible sheet, such as a polycarbonate sheet, is used as a substrate for forming the element, and an electrode film such as an aluminum thin film is formed thereon by means such as sputtering, and this is patterned by a photolithography process and an etching process. To form a lower electrode. Subsequently, the photoelectric conversion layer using the amorphous silicon thin film formed by the plasma CVD method and the upper electrode using the transparent electrode film such as indium tin oxide and tin oxide formed by the reactive sputtering method in the same manner in order. Form. Forming solar cell, as a series of elements 4 stages in this embodiment, the element formed adjacent on the same substrate, for example connected in series by using a material such as carbon paste. This is to obtain a voltage that can directly charge a secondary battery, such as a lithium ion battery, as a power source for directly driving the timepiece. As another method, the element may be one stage, and the voltage may be boosted using an integrated circuit or the like to charge the secondary battery. The resulting solar cell, for example, cut in the elongate strip form width 2mm length 10 cm, and adhering the ends together in the rounded wheel and ring-like solar cell.
[0007]
In Example 2, a glass having a scattering layer in which fine particles that scatter light are uniformly distributed in the glass is used as the windshield glass. A schematic view of the cross section is shown in FIG. Similar to the case of Example 1, the light incident on the windshield is scattered by the fine particles in the scattering layer, and a part of the incident light is taken out from the outer peripheral end face of the windshield glass and guided to the solar cell element to generate photovoltaic power. Wake up.
[0008]
Fine particles for scattering include fine particles of a material having a higher refractive index than that of windshield glass, such as TiO2 and SrTiO3, and ZnS: Cu, CaS, which is a wavelength conversion material that absorbs ultraviolet light and emits visible light. Fine particles such as: B, ZnS: Mn nanocrystal, rhodamine B, and 6G may be used. The diameter of the scattering particles is preferably about 0.1 to 10 μm, which is a size suitable for efficiently scattering visible light, but it is also possible to use a combination of particles of various sizes including particles having a larger diameter. As described in the first embodiment, the particle dispersion density is optimized by the particle material and the diameter so that the amount of light extracted from the side surface is about 20% or more of the incident light. In addition, a transparent resin layer such as polycarbonate, polyethersulfone, cyclic amorphous polyolefin, acrylic, or the like in which silica particles are uniformly distributed may be provided under a general windshield.
[0009]
In Example 3, a material in which fine flakes of mica were dispersed in polycarbonate was used as a windshield. Mica is a material that peels in layers, and by dispersing the peeled surface so that the direction of the peeled surface is around 45 degrees with respect to the incident direction of light, the small amount of mica effectively scatters incident light toward the outer periphery. The necessary light can be guided to the solar cell element without impairing the display quality of the watch. Further, in any case, the end face may be embossed in order to efficiently extract scattered light from the outer peripheral end face.
[0010]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, by opening the solar cell element from the bottom of the dial, there are no restrictions on the dial that can be used for the solar cell clock, and all types of dials can be used. Is greatly improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
[1] structural schematic of the present invention according solar-powered watch view structural schematic diagram of a solar-powered watch according to the present invention; FIG 3 shows a cross-sectional schematic view of a timepiece using the conventional transflective type dial

Claims (4)

風防ガラスと太陽電池とを備え、
前記太陽電池は、前記風防ガラスの側面部に配設され、
前記風防ガラスには、外光の一部を所定の範囲で前記太陽電池に導波させる導波手段が略全面に形成されている
ことを特徴とする太陽電池時計。
With windshield and solar cells,
The solar cell is disposed on a side surface of the windshield,
Wherein the windshield, the solar cell timepiece wherein the waveguide means to a portion of the external light is guided to the solar cell in a predetermined range is formed on substantially the entire surface.
前記導波手段は、散乱機能を有するシートを前記風防ガラスに被着して形成されてなる
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池時計。
The solar cell timepiece according to claim 1, wherein the waveguide means is formed by attaching a sheet having a scattering function to the windshield .
前記シートは、コレステリックポリマーシートであるThe sheet is a cholesteric polymer sheet.
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の太陽電池時計。The solar cell timepiece according to claim 2.
前記シートは、高屈折率微粒子または雲母の微細薄片を樹脂製シート中に分散して構成されてなるThe sheet is formed by dispersing fine particles of high refractive index fine particles or mica in a resin sheet.
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の太陽電池時計。The solar cell timepiece according to claim 2.
JP02153299A 1999-01-29 1999-01-29 Solar clock Expired - Fee Related JP4279387B2 (en)

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JP2000221279A5 JP2000221279A5 (en) 2006-08-24
JP4279387B2 true JP4279387B2 (en) 2009-06-17

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI414072B (en) * 2009-05-06 2013-11-01 Ind Tech Res Inst Solar energy module
JP5352526B2 (en) * 2009-05-06 2013-11-27 財團法人工業技術研究院 Solar energy module
US20130000697A1 (en) * 2010-03-30 2013-01-03 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Solar cell module and solar photovoltaic device
WO2012153749A1 (en) * 2011-05-09 2012-11-15 シャープ株式会社 Management device, management method, management program, solar cell module, and solar generator
JP2022068695A (en) * 2020-10-22 2022-05-10 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ Solar cell device

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