JP4278766B2 - Method for detecting swivel center of swivel in free section excavator - Google Patents

Method for detecting swivel center of swivel in free section excavator Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4278766B2
JP4278766B2 JP09174099A JP9174099A JP4278766B2 JP 4278766 B2 JP4278766 B2 JP 4278766B2 JP 09174099 A JP09174099 A JP 09174099A JP 9174099 A JP9174099 A JP 9174099A JP 4278766 B2 JP4278766 B2 JP 4278766B2
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turning
excavator
laser
tracking
swivel
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JP2000283715A (en
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喬 岡田
英雄 神山
一彦 亀田
浩一 橋本
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Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd
Tokyu Construction Co Ltd
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Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd
Tokyu Construction Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は自由断面掘削機に於ける旋回部の旋回中心点検出方法に関するものであり、特に、光学式自動追尾計測装置及びNC制御装置により、掘削機本体の位置と姿勢並びに切削ドラムの位置を検出して切削範囲を制御する自由断面掘削機に於ける旋回部の旋回中心点検出方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来の此種自由断面掘削機は、掘削機本体の前部に水平方向へ回動可能な旋回部を設け、この旋回部に伸縮式の掘削ブームを俯仰可能に装着し、該掘削ブームの先端部に切削ドラムを取り付けてある。
【0003】
そして、トンネル内に複数の光学式自動追尾計測装置を設置するとともに、掘削機本体に同数の追尾用ターゲットを搭載し、前記自動追尾計測装置により追尾用ターゲットの位置を検出して掘削機本体の位置や姿勢を計測し、その計測値に基づいて掘削ブームの旋回中心点を演算する。
【0004】
更に、旋回部の旋回角並びに掘削ブームの俯仰角と伸縮量を夫々検出器で検出し、各検出値及び前記旋回中心点の位置情報に基づき、NC制御装置にて切削ドラムの位置を演算する。そして、予め設定した計画断面に対する切削ドラムの位置を、自動的且つリアルタイムに画面表示する。また、前記切削ドラムが計画断面を超えたときは、掘削ブームを自動停止して過掘りを防止するように制御している。
【0005】
ここで、前記自動追尾計測装置及びNC制御装置により切削ドラムの位置を正確に演算する場合は、予め各装置の初期設定を行わなければならない。例えば掘削ブームについていえば、該掘削ブームの正確な旋回角を検出するには、掘削現場付近で機体を組み立てる際に旋回部の旋回中心点を確認し、旋回角検出器をこの旋回中心点上に設置する必要がある。
【0006】
従来は、工場出荷整備時に予め旋回装置の上面にマーキングを施して旋回部の旋回中心点を記しておき、機体組立時に旋回部のフロア板を取り外して、前記マーキングの見える位置(即ち旋回装置の上方位置)に三脚を設置し、該三脚にトータルステーションを取り付ける。そして、下げ振りによって前記マーキングの位置を旋回角検出器の上面カバーへ盛換え、該旋回角検出器のセンタを前記マーキングの位置に一致させて旋回角検出器を設置していた。
【0007】
斯かる状態で、前記トータルステーションの求心管から旋回角検出器のセンタをのぞき、旋回部を旋回して該センタが偏心しなければ、前記旋回角検出器は旋回部の旋回中心点上に正確に設置されていると確認できる。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の自由断面掘削機に於ける旋回部の旋回中心点検出方法は、予め旋回装置に施されているマーキングを確認するために、旋回部のフロアを取り外した後に下げ振りによって検出するため、作業性が良好ではなかった。また、旋回中心点を旋回角検出器へ盛換えた後に、再度トータルステーションにて旋回中心点を確認する必要があった。
【0009】
そこで、自由断面掘削機に於ける旋回部の旋回中心点を簡便且つ正確に検出するために解決すべき技術的課題が生じてくるのであり、本発明はこの課題を解決することを目的とする。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上記目的を達成するために提案されたものであり、請求項1記載の発明は、掘削機本体の前部に水平方向へ回動可能な旋回部を設け、この旋回部に伸縮式の掘削ブームを俯仰可能に装着し、該掘削ブームの先端部に切削ドラムを取り付けた自由断面掘削機であって
掘削機本体側の架台に反射プリズムと発光素子が設けられた追尾用ターゲットを後方に向けて左右一対搭載し、上記追尾用ターゲットの2つの発光素子から発射される光をトンネル内後方位置に設置された追尾装置と光波距離計を備えた2台の追尾計測装置の追尾装置で受光し、受光像と光軸のずれを検知してサーボモータを駆動し上記一対の追尾用ターゲットを自動追尾するとともに、上記光波距離計から発射される光が該一対の追尾用ターゲットの反射プリズムで反射され、該反射光を該光波距離計で受光することにより追尾計測装置と追尾用ターゲットとの距離を測定し、一対の追尾用ターゲットの3次元位置を検出し連続自動追尾して掘削機本体のヨーイング角を検出するとともに、掘削機本体に搭載した2軸の傾斜計によりピッチング角とローリング角を検出して、掘削機本体の位置と姿勢を連続検出するようにした自由断面掘削機に於いて、
掘削機本体側に設けられた旋回装置の上方であって且つ前記旋回部の上面部に架台を設置するとともに、架台上に格子模様の透明若しくは半透明のレーザ透過板を略水平に載置して前後左右へ移動可能にし、
先ず、前記旋回装置上面の略中央部にレーザ発光器を仮置きして上方の前記格子模様の透明若しくは半透明のレーザ透過板を照射し、該旋回装置の作動により前記旋回部を旋回させながら、前記レーザ透過板を照射するレーザスポットが円運動しない一点に集束するように前記レーザ発光器の位置を移動し、斯かる状態で、前記格子模様の透明若しくは半透明のレーザ透過板を移動して格子模様の中心部をレーザスポットの集束点に一致させ、
次に、前記レーザ発光器を旋回装置から撤去し、前記格子模様の透明若しくは半透明のレーザ透過板の格子模様の中心部にレーザ発光器を載置して鉛直下方を照射し、前記旋回装置上面を照射するレーザスポットを旋回部の旋回中心点としてマーキングを施す自由断面掘削機に於ける旋回部の旋回中心点検出方法、
及び、請求項2記載の発明は、掘削機本体の前部に水平方向へ回動可能な旋回部を設け、この旋回部に伸縮式の掘削ブームを俯仰可能に装着し、該掘削ブームの先端部に切削ドラムを取り付けた自由断面掘削機に於いて、
掘削機本体側に設けられた旋回装置の上方であって且つ前記旋回部の上面外周部に、マグネット基台と該マグネット基台の上部に横向きに取り付けられたアームと該アームの先端部に下向きに取り付けられたペンホルダと該ペンホルダに装着されたけがきペンとから成るけがき装置を設置し、該けがき装置のけがきペンを前記旋回装置上面に当接し、該旋回装置の作動により前記旋回部を旋回させて旋回装置上面に円弧状の軌跡を記し、該円弧状の軌跡の任意の2等分線を2箇所求め、該2本の垂直2等分線の交点を旋回部の旋回中心点としてマーキングを施す自由断面掘削機に於ける旋回部の旋回中心点検出方法を提供するものである。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の一実施の形態を図面に従って詳述する。図1及び図2は自由断面掘削機10を示し、掘削機本体11の下部に左右のクローラ12a,12bが装着され、該クローラ12a,12bを駆動することにより自由断面掘削機10が自走できる。前記掘削機本体11の前部に水平方向へ回動可能な旋回部13を設け、この旋回部13の前方部に伸縮式の掘削ブーム14を装着してあり、該掘削ブーム14の先端部に切削ドラム15が取り付けられている。
【0012】
該掘削ブーム14はブームシリンダ16にて上下へ俯仰可能であり、且つ、伸縮シリンダ17にて前後へ伸縮可能であるため、前記旋回部13を左右へ回動することにより、掘削機本体11前方の所定範囲内に於いて前記切削ドラム15を任意の座標へ移動することができる。
【0013】
一方、前記掘削機本体11の前下部に集土装置20を上下動可能に設け、切削ドラム15で掘削したずりを該集土装置20によって掻き寄せる。掻き寄せられたずりは、フィーダ21により掘削機本体11の後方へ送られ、ベルトコンベヤ22にてダンプトラックや他の搬送手段へ積載される。また、前記掘削機本体11の後部に左右のアウトリガー23a,23bを装着し、夫々のアウトリガー23a,23bを左右独立して上下動できるように形成する。
【0014】
更に、前記掘削機本体11の架台28に左右一対の追尾用ターゲット30a,30bを後方(図1にて左方向)に向けて搭載してあり、夫々の追尾用ターゲット30a,30bには反射プリズムと発光素子が設けられている。
【0015】
ここで、光学式自動追尾計測装置について説明すれば、予め、トンネル内の後方位置に2台の追尾計測装置(図示せず)を設置しておき、該追尾計測装置には追尾装置と光波距離計が備えてある。追尾用ターゲット30a,30bの発光素子から発射される光を追尾計測装置の追尾装置で受光し、受光像と光軸のずれを検知してサーボモータを駆動し、追尾用ターゲット30a,30bを自動追尾する。また、光波距離計から発射される光が追尾用ターゲット30a,30bの反射プリズムで反射され、該反射光を光波距離計で受光することにより、追尾計測装置と追尾用ターゲット30a,30bとの距離を測定する。
【0016】
このように、2台の追尾計測装置によって追尾用ターゲット30a,30bの3次元位置を検出して連続的に自動追尾し、掘削機本体11のヨーイング角を検出するとともに、掘削機本体11に搭載した2軸の傾斜計(図示せず)によりピッチング角とローリング角を検出すれば、掘削機本体11の位置及び姿勢を連続的に検出できる。また、切削ドラム15の位置は、旋回部13の旋回角並びに掘削ブーム14の俯仰角と伸縮量を夫々ポテンショメータや回転センサ等の検出器で検出し、前述の掘削機本体11の位置及び姿勢に基づいてNC制御装置により演算される。
【0017】
ここで、前記自動追尾計測装置及びNC制御装置により切削ドラム15の位置を正確に演算する場合は、予め各装置の初期設定を行わなければならない。例えば掘削ブーム14についていえば、該掘削ブーム14の正確な旋回角を検出するには、掘削現場付近で機体を組み立てる際に旋回部13の旋回中心点を確認し、旋回角検出器をこの旋回中心点上に設置しなければならない。このため、前記旋回中心点を簡便且つ正確に検出する必要がある。
【0018】
請求項1記載の発明は、レーザにより自由断面掘削機10に於ける旋回部13の旋回中心点を検出する方法であり、図3乃至図6に従って、該検出方法について説明する。図3に示すように、旋回部13下方の掘削機本体11側に旋回装置31が設けられており、該旋回装置31の作動により前記旋回部13が水平方向へ回動する。
【0019】
ここで、該旋回装置31の上方であって且つ前記旋回部13の上面中央部に架台32を設置し、図4に示すように、この架台32上に格子模様のレーザ透過板33を略水平に載置する。該レーザ透過板33は透明若しくは半透明でレーザを透過し、また、架台32上を前後左右へ移動可能になっている。
【0020】
図5に示すように、先ず前記旋回装置31上面の略中央部にレーザ発光器34を上向きに仮置きし、上方の前記レーザ透過板33を照射する。そして、該旋回装置31の作動により前記旋回部13を旋回させながら、レーザ透過板33を照射しているレーザスポットを監視する。前記レーザ発光器34が旋回部13の旋回中心点からずれた位置に置かれているときは、旋回部13の旋回に伴ってレーザ透過板33を照射するレーザスポットの軌跡が円運動するため、該レーザスポットが円運動しない一点に集束するようにレーザ発光器34の位置を移動すれば、前記レーザ発光器34が旋回部13の旋回中心点に載置される。
【0021】
斯かる状態で、架台32上のレーザ透過板33を前後左右へ移動して、格子模様の中心部33cをレーザスポットの集束点に一致させる。双方が一致したときに、該格子模様の中心部33cは旋回部13の旋回中心点上に位置することになる。
【0022】
次に、前記レーザ発光器34を旋回装置31から撤去し、図6に示すように、レーザ透過板33の格子模様の中心部33cに前記レーザ発光器34を下向きに載置する。前述したように、該格子模様の中心部33cは旋回部13の旋回中心点上に位置しているので、前記レーザ発光器34はこの旋回中心点から鉛直下方へレーザを発光する。従って、掘削機本体側の旋回装置31上面を照射するレーザスポットにマーキングを施すことにより、自由断面掘削機10に於ける旋回部13の旋回中心点を正確に判定できる。
【0023】
請求項2記載の発明は、けがき装置の軌跡により自由断面掘削機10に於ける旋回部13の旋回中心点を検出する方法であり、図7及び図8に従って、該検出方法について説明する。尚、図3乃至図6と同一構成部分には同一符号を付してその説明を省略する。図7に示すように、前記旋回装置31上方の旋回部13の上面外周部にけがき装置35を設置する。
【0024】
該けがき装置35はマグネット基台35aと、このマグネット基台35aの上部に横向きに取り付けられたアーム35bと、該アーム35bの先端部に下向きに取り付けられたペンホルダ35cと、このペンホルダ35cに装着されたけがきペン35dとからなり、該けがきペン35dを旋回装置31上面へ当接する。斯かる状態で、該旋回装置31を作動して前記旋回部13を旋回させれば、旋回部13と一体にけがき装置35が移動し、けがきペン35dによって旋回装置31上面に円弧状の軌跡36が記される。
【0025】
旋回部13の旋回を停止した後に、図8に示すように、コンパス37を用いて前記旋回装置31上面に記された円弧状の軌跡36の任意の2点36a,36b間の垂直2等分線38を求める。同様に、該円弧状の軌跡36の他の2点間の垂直2等分線を求める。本実施の形態では、前記点36bを含めた2点36b,36c間の垂直2等分線39を求める。そして、2本の垂直2等分線38,39の交点Oが前記円弧状の軌跡36の中心であることから、この交点Oにマーキングを施すことにより、自由断面掘削機10に於ける旋回部13の旋回中心点を正確に判定できる。
【0026】
尚、本発明は、本発明の精神を逸脱しない限り種々の改変を為すことができ、そして、本発明が該改変されたものに及ぶことは当然である。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、請求項1記載の発明では、掘削機本体側に設けられた旋回装置の略中央部にレーザ発光器を仮置きして上方の透明若しくは半透明のレーザ透過板を照射し、旋回部を旋回させながらレーザスポットが一点に集束するようにレーザ発光部の位置を移動し、透明若しくは半透明のレーザ透過板の中心部をレーザスポットの集束点に一致させる。更に、該透明若しくは半透明のレーザ透過板の中心部から下方に向けてレーザ発光器を載置し、旋回装置上面を照射するレーザスポットを旋回中心点としてマーキングする。レーザによって自由断面掘削機に於ける旋回部の旋回中心点を検出するので、短時間で正確な旋回中心点を検出することができる。
【0028】
また、請求項2記載の発明では、旋回部に、マグネット基台と該マグネット基台の上部に横向きに取り付けられたアームと該アームの先端部に下向きに取り付けられたペンホルダと該ペンホルダに装着されたけがきペンとから成るけがき装置を設置して、けがきンを旋回装置上面に当接し、旋回部を旋回させて旋回装置上面に円弧状の軌跡を記す。この円弧状の軌跡の任意の2点間の垂直2等分線を2箇所求めて、その交点を旋回中心点としてマーキングする。かる場合も、該旋回部の旋回中心点を簡便に検出することができる。
【0029】
斯くして、自由断面掘削機に於ける旋回部の旋回中心点を簡易且つ正確に検出することが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
図は本発明の一実施の形態を示すものである。
【図1】自由断面掘削機の側面図。
【図2】自由断面掘削機の正面図。
【図3】(a)請求項1記載の発明の検出工程を示す要部平面図。
(b)図3(a)のA−A断面図。
【図4】(a)請求項1記載の発明の検出工程を示す要部平面図。
(b)図4(a)のB−B断面図。
【図5】(a)請求項1記載の発明の検出工程を示す要部平面図。
(b)図5(a)のC−C断面図。
【図6】(a)請求項1記載の発明の検出工程を示す要部平面図。
(b)図6(a)のD−D断面図。
【図7】(a)請求項2記載の発明の検出工程を示す要部平面図。
(b)図7(a)のE−E断面図。
【図8】請求項2記載の発明の検出工程を示す要部平面図。
【符号の説明】
10 自由断面掘削機
11 掘削機本体
13 旋回部
14 掘削ブーム
15 切削ドラム
31 旋回装置
32 架台
33 レーザ透過板
33c 格子模様の中心部
34 レーザ発光器
35 けがき装置
35d けがきペン
36 円弧状の軌跡
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for detecting a turning center point of a turning part in a free-section excavator, and in particular, the position and posture of an excavator body and the position of a cutting drum are detected by an optical automatic tracking measurement device and an NC control device. The present invention relates to a method of detecting a turning center point of a turning part in a free section excavator that detects and controls a cutting range.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A conventional free-section excavator of this type is provided with a revolving part that can be rotated in the horizontal direction at the front part of the excavator body, and an extendable excavating boom is mounted on the revolving part so as to be able to be raised and lowered. The cutting drum is attached to the part.
[0003]
A plurality of optical automatic tracking measurement devices are installed in the tunnel, and the same number of tracking targets are mounted on the excavator body, and the position of the tracking target is detected by the automatic tracking measurement device. The position and orientation are measured, and the turning center point of the excavating boom is calculated based on the measured value.
[0004]
Further, the turning angle of the turning portion, the elevation angle of the excavating boom and the amount of expansion / contraction are detected by detectors, and the position of the cutting drum is calculated by the NC control device based on the detected values and the position information of the turning center point. . And the position of the cutting drum with respect to the preset planned cross section is displayed on the screen automatically and in real time. Further, when the cutting drum exceeds the planned cross section, the excavation boom is automatically stopped to prevent overdigging.
[0005]
Here, when the position of the cutting drum is accurately calculated by the automatic tracking measurement device and the NC control device, initial setting of each device must be performed in advance. For example, in the case of an excavating boom, in order to detect the exact turning angle of the excavating boom, when assembling the aircraft near the excavation site, the turning center point of the turning part is confirmed, and the turning angle detector is placed on the turning center point. It is necessary to install in.
[0006]
Conventionally, marking is performed on the upper surface of the swivel device in advance at the time of factory shipment maintenance, and the turning center point of the swivel portion is noted. Install a tripod in the upper position) and attach the total station to the tripod. Then, the marking position is replaced with the upper surface cover of the turning angle detector by swinging down, and the turning angle detector is installed with the center of the turning angle detector aligned with the marking position.
[0007]
In such a state, if the center of the turning angle detector is removed from the centripetal tube of the total station and the turning portion is turned and the center is not decentered, the turning angle detector is accurately positioned on the turning center point of the turning portion. It can be confirmed that it is installed.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional free-section excavator, the swivel center detection method for the swivel unit is to detect by turning down after removing the floor of the swivel unit in order to confirm the markings applied to the swivel device in advance. The property was not good. In addition, after changing the turning center point to the turning angle detector, it is necessary to confirm the turning center point again at the total station.
[0009]
Thus, a technical problem to be solved in order to detect the turning center point of the turning part in the free-section excavator simply and accurately occurs, and the present invention aims to solve this problem. .
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been proposed in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, and the invention according to claim 1 is provided with a revolving part which can be rotated in the horizontal direction at the front part of the excavator body, and the revolving part is provided in the revolving part. a of the boom derricking capable mounted, roadheader fitted with cutting drum at the distal end of the該掘cutting boom,
A pair of left and right tracking targets, each equipped with a reflecting prism and light emitting elements, are mounted on the platform on the excavator body side, and the light emitted from the two light emitting elements of the tracking target is installed at the rear position in the tunnel. Are received by the tracking devices of the two tracking measuring devices equipped with the tracking device and the optical distance meter, and the servo motor is driven by detecting the deviation between the received light image and the optical axis to automatically track the pair of tracking targets. At the same time, the light emitted from the optical distance meter is reflected by the reflecting prism of the pair of tracking targets, and the reflected light is received by the optical distance meter to measure the distance between the tracking measuring device and the tracking target. Then, the three-dimensional position of a pair of tracking targets is detected, and continuous automatic tracking is performed to detect the yawing angle of the excavator body, and the pitch is determined by a biaxial inclinometer mounted on the excavator body. Detects a grayed angle and rolling angle, in the roadheader which is adapted to continuously detect the position and orientation of the excavator body,
It established a platform on the upper surface of and the swivel part A above the pivot device provided in the excavator main body side, substantially horizontally placing a transparent or semi-transparent laser transmitting plate tessellated on said frame Can be moved back and forth, left and right,
First, a laser light emitter is temporarily placed at a substantially central portion of the upper surface of the swivel device, and the transparent or translucent laser transmission plate having the lattice pattern is irradiated on the upper surface, and the swivel device is swung by operating the swivel device. The position of the laser emitter is moved so that the laser spot that irradiates the laser transmission plate is focused at one point that does not move circularly, and in this state, the transparent or translucent laser transmission plate having the lattice pattern is moved. And align the center of the lattice pattern with the focal point of the laser spot,
Next, the laser emitter is removed from the turning device, and the laser emitting device is placed in the center of the lattice pattern of the transparent or translucent laser transmitting plate of the lattice pattern to irradiate vertically downward, and the turning device A method for detecting a turning center of a turning section in a free-section excavator that marks a laser spot that irradiates the upper surface as a turning center of the turning section,
According to the second aspect of the present invention, a swivel portion that can be rotated in the horizontal direction is provided at the front portion of the excavator body, and an extendable excavation boom is mounted on the swivel portion so that the excavation boom can be raised and lowered. In a free-section excavator with a cutting drum attached to the part,
Above the swivel device provided on the excavator main body side, on the outer periphery of the upper surface of the swivel unit, on the magnet base, an arm attached laterally on the top of the magnet base, and downward on the tip of the arm A scribing device comprising a pen holder attached to the pen holder and a scribing pen attached to the pen holder, the scribing pen of the scribing device is brought into contact with the upper surface of the swiveling device, and the swiveling device is operated by the swiveling device. Is turned to mark an arc-like locus on the upper surface of the turning device, and two arbitrary bisectors of the arc-like locus are obtained, and the intersection of the two perpendicular bisectors is the turning center point of the turning portion. The present invention provides a method for detecting a turning center point of a turning portion in a free-section excavator for marking.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 show a free-section excavator 10, and left and right crawlers 12 a and 12 b are attached to the lower part of the excavator body 11, and the free-section excavator 10 can be self-propelled by driving the crawlers 12 a and 12 b. . A swivel portion 13 that can be rotated in the horizontal direction is provided at the front portion of the excavator body 11, and a telescopic excavation boom 14 is attached to the front portion of the swivel portion 13. A cutting drum 15 is attached.
[0012]
The excavating boom 14 can be lifted up and down by a boom cylinder 16 and can be expanded and contracted back and forth by an expansion / contraction cylinder 17. The cutting drum 15 can be moved to arbitrary coordinates within a predetermined range.
[0013]
On the other hand, a soil collecting device 20 is provided at the front lower part of the excavator main body 11 so as to be movable up and down, and the soil excavated by the cutting drum 15 is scraped by the soil collecting device 20. The scraped-up scrape is sent to the rear of the excavator main body 11 by the feeder 21 and loaded on a dump truck or other transport means by the belt conveyor 22. Further, left and right outriggers 23a and 23b are attached to the rear portion of the excavator body 11, and the respective outriggers 23a and 23b are formed so as to be movable up and down independently.
[0014]
Further, a pair of left and right tracking targets 30a and 30b are mounted on the gantry 28 of the excavator main body 11 facing rearward (leftward in FIG. 1), and each of the tracking targets 30a and 30b has a reflecting prism. And a light emitting element.
[0015]
Here, the optical automatic tracking measurement device will be described. Two tracking measurement devices (not shown) are installed in the rear position in the tunnel in advance, and the tracking measurement device and the light wave distance are installed in the tracking measurement device. A meter is provided. The light emitted from the light emitting elements of the tracking targets 30a and 30b is received by the tracking device of the tracking measurement device, and the servo motor is driven by detecting the deviation between the received light image and the optical axis, and the tracking targets 30a and 30b are automatically operated. To track. Further, the light emitted from the lightwave distance meter is reflected by the reflecting prisms of the tracking targets 30a and 30b, and the reflected light is received by the lightwave distance meter, whereby the distance between the tracking measurement device and the tracking targets 30a and 30b. Measure.
[0016]
In this way, the two tracking measuring devices detect the three-dimensional positions of the tracking targets 30a and 30b and continuously automatically track, detect the yawing angle of the excavator body 11, and are mounted on the excavator body 11. If the pitching angle and the rolling angle are detected by the two-axis inclinometer (not shown), the position and posture of the excavator body 11 can be continuously detected. Further, the position of the cutting drum 15 is determined by detecting the turning angle of the turning unit 13 and the elevation angle and the amount of expansion / contraction of the excavating boom 14 with a detector such as a potentiometer or a rotation sensor, respectively. Based on this, it is calculated by the NC controller.
[0017]
Here, when the position of the cutting drum 15 is accurately calculated by the automatic tracking measurement device and the NC control device, initial setting of each device must be performed in advance. For example, in the case of the excavating boom 14, in order to detect the accurate turning angle of the excavating boom 14, when assembling the airframe near the excavation site, the turning center point of the turning portion 13 is confirmed, and the turning angle detector is turned on. Must be installed on the center point. For this reason, it is necessary to detect the turning center point simply and accurately.
[0018]
The invention described in claim 1 is a method for detecting the turning center point of the turning section 13 in the free section excavator 10 by using a laser, and the detecting method will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 3, a turning device 31 is provided on the excavator body 11 side below the turning unit 13, and the turning unit 13 is rotated in the horizontal direction by the operation of the turning device 31.
[0019]
Here, a pedestal 32 is installed above the slewing device 31 and at the center of the upper surface of the slewing portion 13, and as shown in FIG. Placed on. The laser transmitting plate 33 is transparent or translucent and transmits the laser, and is movable forward and backward and left and right on the gantry 32.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 5, first, a laser emitter 34 is temporarily placed upward substantially at the center of the upper surface of the turning device 31, and the upper laser transmission plate 33 is irradiated. Then, the laser spot irradiating the laser transmitting plate 33 is monitored while the turning unit 13 is turned by the operation of the turning device 31. When the laser emitter 34 is placed at a position deviated from the turning center point of the swivel unit 13, the locus of the laser spot that irradiates the laser transmission plate 33 moves circularly as the swivel unit 13 turns. If the position of the laser emitter 34 is moved so that the laser spot is focused on one point that does not move circularly, the laser emitter 34 is placed at the turning center point of the turning portion 13.
[0021]
In such a state, the laser transmitting plate 33 on the gantry 32 is moved back and forth and left and right so that the central portion 33c of the lattice pattern coincides with the focal point of the laser spot. When the two coincide with each other, the central portion 33c of the lattice pattern is located on the turning center point of the turning portion 13.
[0022]
Next, the laser emitter 34 is removed from the swivel device 31, and the laser emitter 34 is placed downward on the central portion 33c of the lattice pattern of the laser transmitting plate 33 as shown in FIG. As described above, since the central portion 33c of the lattice pattern is located on the turning center point of the turning portion 13, the laser emitter 34 emits laser vertically downward from the turning center point. Therefore, by marking the laser spot that irradiates the upper surface of the turning device 31 on the excavator main body side, the turning center point of the turning unit 13 in the free section excavator 10 can be accurately determined.
[0023]
The invention according to claim 2 is a method for detecting the turning center point of the turning section 13 in the free section excavator 10 from the trajectory of the scribing device, and the detecting method will be described with reference to FIGS. The same components as those in FIGS. 3 to 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. As shown in FIG. 7, a scribing device 35 is installed on the outer periphery of the upper surface of the swivel unit 13 above the swivel device 31.
[0024]
The scribing device 35 includes a magnet base 35a, an arm 35b attached to the top of the magnet base 35a, a pen holder 35c attached downward to the tip of the arm 35b, and a pen holder 35c. The marking pen 35d is brought into contact with the upper surface of the turning device 31. In this state, if the turning device 31 is operated to turn the turning portion 13, the scribing device 35 moves integrally with the turning portion 13, and an arcuate shape is formed on the upper surface of the turning device 31 by the marking pen 35 d. A trajectory 36 is noted.
[0025]
After the turning of the turning unit 13 is stopped, as shown in FIG. 8, a vertical bisection between any two points 36 a and 36 b of the arc-shaped locus 36 written on the upper surface of the turning device 31 using a compass 37 is used. Find the line 38. Similarly, a perpendicular bisector between the other two points of the arc-shaped locus 36 is obtained. In the present embodiment, a perpendicular bisector 39 between the two points 36b and 36c including the point 36b is obtained. Since the intersection point O of the two perpendicular bisectors 38 and 39 is the center of the arc-shaped locus 36, the turning point in the free section excavator 10 can be obtained by marking the intersection point O. The thirteen turning center points can be accurately determined.
[0026]
It should be noted that the present invention can be variously modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the present invention naturally extends to the modified ones.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the first aspect of the present invention, the laser emitter is temporarily placed at the approximate center of the turning device provided on the excavator body side, and the upper transparent or translucent laser transmission plate is irradiated. The position of the laser emitting part is moved so that the laser spot is focused on one point while turning the turning part, and the central part of the transparent or translucent laser transmitting plate is made coincident with the focusing point of the laser spot. Furthermore, placing the laser emitter downward from the center of the laser transmitting plate of said transparent or semi-transparent, marking the laser spot irradiating the turning apparatus top surface as pivot point. Since detecting the pivot point of the at pivot portion roadheader by the laser, it is possible to detect the correct pivot point in a short time.
[0028]
In the invention according to claim 2, the revolving part is mounted on the magnet base, the arm attached horizontally to the upper part of the magnet base, the pen holder attached downward to the tip of the arm, and the pen holder. install a scribing apparatus consisting of a bamboo fence pen abuts the marking pen to swivel the upper surface, mark the arcuate locus swivel top by pivoting the swivel part. Two perpendicular bisectors between any two points of this arc-shaped locus are obtained, and the intersection is marked as the turning center point. Sometimes such, can be easily detected the pivot point of said pivot portion.
[0029]
Thus, it becomes possible to easily and accurately detect the turning center point of the turning part in the free-section excavator.
[Brief description of the drawings]
The figure shows an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a side view of a free section excavator.
FIG. 2 is a front view of a free section excavator.
FIG. 3A is a plan view of a principal part showing a detection process of the invention according to claim 1;
(B) AA sectional drawing of Fig.3 (a).
FIG. 4A is a plan view of a principal part showing a detection process of the invention according to claim 1;
(B) BB sectional drawing of Fig.4 (a).
FIG. 5A is a plan view of a principal part showing a detection process of the invention according to claim 1;
(B) CC sectional drawing of Fig.5 (a).
6A is a plan view of a principal part showing a detection process of the invention according to claim 1. FIG.
(B) DD sectional drawing of Fig.6 (a).
FIG. 7 (a) is a plan view of a principal part showing a detection process of the invention according to claim 2;
(B) EE sectional drawing of Fig.7 (a).
FIG. 8 is a plan view of a principal part showing a detection process of the invention according to claim 2;
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Free-section excavator 11 Excavator main body 13 Turning part 14 Excavation boom 15 Cutting drum 31 Turning apparatus 32 Base 33 Laser transmission plate 33c Center part of lattice pattern 34 Laser emitter 35 Scribing device 35d Scribing pen 36 Arc-like locus

Claims (2)

掘削機本体の前部に水平方向へ回動可能な旋回部を設け、この旋回部に伸縮式の掘削ブームを俯仰可能に装着し、該掘削ブームの先端部に切削ドラムを取り付けた自由断面掘削機であって
掘削機本体側の架台に反射プリズムと発光素子が設けられた追尾用ターゲットを後方に向けて左右一対搭載し、上記追尾用ターゲットの2つの発光素子から発射される光をトンネル内後方位置に設置された追尾装置と光波距離計を備えた2台の追尾計測装置の追尾装置で受光し、受光像と光軸のずれを検知してサーボモータを駆動し上記一対の追尾用ターゲットを自動追尾するとともに、上記光波距離計から発射される光が該一対の追尾用ターゲットの反射プリズムで反射され、該反射光を該光波距離計で受光することにより追尾計測装置と追尾用ターゲットとの距離を測定し、一対の追尾用ターゲットの3次元位置を検出し連続自動追尾して掘削機本体のヨーイング角を検出するとともに、掘削機本体に搭載した2軸の傾斜計によりピッチング角とローリング角を検出して、掘削機本体の位置と姿勢を連続検出するようにした自由断面掘削機に於いて、
掘削機本体側に設けられた旋回装置の上方であって且つ前記旋回部の上面部に架台を設置するとともに、架台上に格子模様の透明若しくは半透明のレーザ透過板を略水平に載置して前後左右へ移動可能にし、
先ず、前記旋回装置上面の略中央部にレーザ発光器を仮置きして上方の前記格子模様の透明若しくは半透明のレーザ透過板を照射し、該旋回装置の作動により前記旋回部を旋回させながら、前記レーザ透過板を照射するレーザスポットが円運動しない一点に集束するように前記レーザ発光器の位置を移動し、斯かる状態で、前記格子模様の透明若しくは半透明のレーザ透過板を移動して格子模様の中心部をレーザスポットの集束点に一致させ、
次に、前記レーザ発光器を旋回装置から撤去し、前記格子模様の透明若しくは半透明のレーザ透過板の格子模様の中心部にレーザ発光器を載置して鉛直下方を照射し、前記旋回装置上面を照射するレーザスポットを旋回部の旋回中心点としてマーキングを施すことを特徴とする自由断面掘削機に於ける旋回部の旋回中心点検出方法。
A free-form cross section excavator is provided with a revolving part that can be rotated in the horizontal direction at the front part of the excavator body, a telescopic excavation boom mounted on the revolving part, and a cutting drum attached to the tip of the excavation boom. a machine,
A pair of left and right tracking targets, each equipped with a reflecting prism and light emitting elements, are mounted on the platform on the excavator body side, and the light emitted from the two light emitting elements of the tracking target is installed at the rear position in the tunnel. Are received by the tracking devices of the two tracking measuring devices equipped with the tracking device and the optical distance meter, and the servo motor is driven by detecting the deviation between the received light image and the optical axis to automatically track the pair of tracking targets. At the same time, the light emitted from the optical distance meter is reflected by the reflecting prism of the pair of tracking targets, and the reflected light is received by the optical distance meter to measure the distance between the tracking measuring device and the tracking target. Then, the three-dimensional position of a pair of tracking targets is detected, and continuous automatic tracking is performed to detect the yawing angle of the excavator body, and the pitch is determined by a biaxial inclinometer mounted on the excavator body. Detects a grayed angle and rolling angle, in the roadheader which is adapted to continuously detect the position and orientation of the excavator body,
It established a platform on the upper surface of and the swivel part A above the pivot device provided in the excavator main body side, substantially horizontally placing a transparent or semi-transparent laser transmitting plate tessellated on said frame Can be moved back and forth, left and right,
First, a laser light emitter is temporarily placed at a substantially central portion of the upper surface of the swivel device, and the transparent or translucent laser transmission plate having the lattice pattern is irradiated on the upper surface, and the swivel device is swung by operating the swivel device. The position of the laser emitter is moved so that the laser spot that irradiates the laser transmission plate is focused at one point that does not move circularly, and in this state, the transparent or translucent laser transmission plate having the lattice pattern is moved. And align the center of the lattice pattern with the focal point of the laser spot,
Next, the laser emitter is removed from the turning device, and the laser emitting device is placed in the center of the lattice pattern of the transparent or translucent laser transmitting plate of the lattice pattern to irradiate vertically downward, and the turning device A method of detecting a turning center point of a turning section in a free-section excavator, wherein marking is performed using a laser spot that irradiates an upper surface as a turning center point of the turning section.
掘削機本体の前部に水平方向へ回動可能な旋回部を設け、この旋回部に伸縮式の掘削ブームを俯仰可能に装着し、該掘削ブームの先端部に切削ドラムを取り付けた自由断面掘削機に於いて、
掘削機本体側に設けられた旋回装置の上方であって且つ前記旋回部の上面外周部に、マグネット基台と該マグネット基台の上部に横向きに取り付けられたアームと該アームの先端部に下向きに取り付けられたペンホルダと該ペンホルダに装着されたけがきペンとから成るけがき装置を設置し、該けがき装置のけがきペンを前記旋回装置上面に当接し、該旋回装置の作動により前記旋回部を旋回させて旋回装置上面に円弧状の軌跡を記し、該円弧状の軌跡の任意の2等分線を2箇所求め、該2本の垂直2等分線の交点を旋回部の旋回中心点としてマーキングを施すことを特徴とする自由断面掘削機に於ける旋回部の旋回中心点検出方法。
A free-form cross section excavator is provided with a revolving part that can be rotated in the horizontal direction at the front part of the excavator body, a telescopic excavation boom mounted on the revolving part, and a cutting drum attached to the tip of the excavation boom. In the machine
Above the swivel device provided on the excavator main body side, on the outer periphery of the upper surface of the swivel unit, on the magnet base, an arm attached laterally on the top of the magnet base, and downward on the tip of the arm A scribing device comprising a pen holder attached to the pen holder and a scribing pen attached to the pen holder, the scribing pen of the scribing device is brought into contact with the upper surface of the swiveling device, and the swiveling device is operated by the swiveling device. Is turned to mark an arc-like locus on the upper surface of the turning device, and two arbitrary bisectors of the arc-like locus are obtained, and the intersection of the two perpendicular bisectors is the turning center point of the turning portion. A method for detecting a turning center point of a turning part in a free-section excavator, characterized in that:
JP09174099A 1999-03-31 1999-03-31 Method for detecting swivel center of swivel in free section excavator Expired - Fee Related JP4278766B2 (en)

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