JP4268944B2 - Nucleic acid detection or quantification method - Google Patents

Nucleic acid detection or quantification method Download PDF

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JP4268944B2
JP4268944B2 JP2005013922A JP2005013922A JP4268944B2 JP 4268944 B2 JP4268944 B2 JP 4268944B2 JP 2005013922 A JP2005013922 A JP 2005013922A JP 2005013922 A JP2005013922 A JP 2005013922A JP 4268944 B2 JP4268944 B2 JP 4268944B2
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こずえ 箕輪
武史 宇治家
司 林
雅子 川瀬
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本発明は、試料中核酸の検出あるいは定量方法、遺伝子診断技術の分野に関する。より詳しくは、本発明は標的核酸の存在を簡易、迅速、特異的に目視判定する定性あるいは定量方法及びそれに基づくキットに関する。   The present invention relates to the fields of nucleic acid detection or quantification methods and genetic diagnosis techniques in samples. More specifically, the present invention relates to a qualitative or quantitative method for visually determining the presence of a target nucleic acid in a simple, rapid and specific manner and a kit based thereon.

近年、各種試料に存在する微量の核酸を高感度検出、分析する効果的な手段として、ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)(特許文献1)を始めとし、リガーゼ鎖反応(LCR)(特許文献2、特許文献3)や鎖置換増幅(SDA)(特許文献4、特許文献5),NASBA(非特許文献1、特許文献6)やTMA(特許文献7)といった様々な核酸増幅技術が開発,利用されている。   In recent years, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Patent Document 1) and ligase chain reaction (LCR) (Patent Document 2, Patent) are effective means for highly sensitive detection and analysis of a small amount of nucleic acid present in various samples. Document 3), strand displacement amplification (SDA) (Patent Document 4, Patent Document 5), NASBA (Non-Patent Document 1, Patent Document 6) and TMA (Patent Document 7) have been developed and used. Yes.

こうした増幅産物の検出方法としては、アガロースゲルに代表されるゲル電気泳動が一般的であり、泳動によって分離された増幅産物の分子サイズから目的とする標的核酸の有無が判定される。近年ではさらに高速泳動を実現したキャピラリーゲル電気泳動技術が開発され、より短時間且つ微量解析が可能となってきている。電気泳動による検出では、インターカレーターと呼ばれる、臭化エチジウムに代表される挿入結合性色素が用いられる。インターカレーターは核酸に対し高親和性に挿入結合し、その蛍光強度が増大する。インターカレーターによる検出では存在する全ての核酸が検出されるため、しばしば非特異産物が検出され、判定に困難をきたす。また、インターカレーターの中には性質上発がん性を有する物もあるため、取扱及び廃棄に対する十分な注意が必要である。   As a method for detecting such an amplification product, gel electrophoresis typified by agarose gel is generally used, and the presence or absence of the target nucleic acid is determined from the molecular size of the amplification product separated by electrophoresis. In recent years, capillary gel electrophoresis technology that realizes higher-speed electrophoresis has been developed, and trace analysis can be performed in a shorter time. For detection by electrophoresis, an intercalator-type insertion-binding dye represented by ethidium bromide is used. An intercalator is inserted and bonded with high affinity to a nucleic acid, and its fluorescence intensity increases. Since detection by an intercalator detects all nucleic acids present, non-specific products are often detected, making determination difficult. In addition, since some intercalators are carcinogenic in nature, it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to handling and disposal.

より特異的な核酸配列の検出、同定法として、目的の核酸に相補的な配列を有すオリゴヌクレオチドプローブを用いる核酸ハイブリダイゼーション法がある。核酸ハイブリダイゼーション法では、1本鎖のオリゴヌクレオチドプローブとハイブリダイズさせるため、目的の核酸が2本鎖のDNAの場合、予め熱やアルカリによる変性処理が必要である。上記核酸増幅法のうち、NASBAやTMAによって得られる増幅産物は鋳型に相補的な1本鎖RNAであるため、変性処理を行う事なく、相補的なオリゴヌクレオチドプローブとハイブリダイズが可能である。ただし、これら公知の核酸ハイブリダイゼーション法、例えばドットブロットやサンドイッチハイブリダイゼーションは操作が煩雑且つ長時間を要する。最近では蛍光共鳴エネルギー移動(Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer,RET)に基づくモレキュラービーコン(非特許文献2)等を利用し、増幅反応中の産物生成状況をモニタリングする、いわゆるリアルタイム検出法が開発されている。しかし、このためには2種の異なる励起波長及び吸収波長を有する蛍光物質で標識されたプローブ及び高価な専用増幅、検出装置を必要とする。   As a more specific method for detecting and identifying a nucleic acid sequence, there is a nucleic acid hybridization method using an oligonucleotide probe having a sequence complementary to a target nucleic acid. In the nucleic acid hybridization method, in order to hybridize with a single-stranded oligonucleotide probe, when the target nucleic acid is a double-stranded DNA, a denaturation treatment with heat or alkali is required in advance. Among the nucleic acid amplification methods described above, the amplification product obtained by NASBA or TMA is a single-stranded RNA complementary to the template, and thus can be hybridized with a complementary oligonucleotide probe without denaturation treatment. However, these known nucleic acid hybridization methods such as dot blot and sandwich hybridization are complicated and require a long time. Recently, a so-called real-time detection method has been developed in which a molecular beacon (Non-patent Document 2) based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (RET) is used to monitor a product generation state during an amplification reaction. However, this requires two types of probes labeled with fluorescent materials having different excitation wavelengths and absorption wavelengths, and expensive dedicated amplification and detection devices.

より簡便な核酸増幅産物の定量方法として、高分子担体の凝集反応によって増幅された核酸量を測定する方法がある(特許文献8)。この方法は、高分子担体の凝集の程度を散乱光強度、吸光度または透過光強度などにより光学的に定量し、その光学的定量に際しては、自動分析装置を用いなければならず、特別な装置を必要となる。   As a simpler method for quantifying a nucleic acid amplification product, there is a method of measuring the amount of nucleic acid amplified by an agglutination reaction of a polymer carrier (Patent Document 8). In this method, the degree of aggregation of the polymer carrier is optically quantified by the intensity of scattered light, absorbance or transmitted light, and an automatic analyzer must be used for the optical quantification. Necessary.

操作性に優れ、迅速、簡便な標的核酸の検出方法として、クロマトグラフィーに基づいた方法がある(特許文献9)。この方法は、細胞、ウイルスまたは細菌から遺伝子を抽出する工程、任意抽出された遺伝子の断片化工程、および検出工程が、単一の遺伝子検出装置上で、任意抽出された遺伝子またはその断片を含む液体試料をキャピラリー作用によって移動させる事により連続して行われる遺伝子検出方法である。該文献には、目的遺伝子の存否を判断し、さらにその種類を同定する事が可能になると記載されているが、定量的な測定についての言及はない。また、増幅反応を伴わない検出方法は、簡便な遺伝子検出方法ではあるが、病原微生物などの存在の有無といった微量の核酸検出を想定した場合、増幅反応なしで検出する事は検出感度面で困難を呈する事と予想された。
特開昭61−274697号 WO89/12696 特開平2−2934号公報 米国特許第5、270、184号 米国特許第5、455、166号 特許第2650159号公報 特許第3241717号公報 特開平9−168400号公報 特開2001−157598号公報 Nature、350:91、1991 Nature Biotech,14:303、1996
As a method for detecting a target nucleic acid which is excellent in operability and is quick and simple, there is a method based on chromatography (Patent Document 9). In this method, the step of extracting a gene from a cell, a virus or a bacterium, the step of fragmenting an arbitrarily extracted gene, and the step of detecting include an arbitrarily extracted gene or a fragment thereof on a single gene detection device. This is a gene detection method that is continuously performed by moving a liquid sample by capillary action. This document describes that it is possible to determine the presence or absence of a target gene and further identify its type, but there is no mention of quantitative measurement. In addition, a detection method that does not involve an amplification reaction is a simple gene detection method, but it is difficult to detect without an amplification reaction in terms of detection sensitivity when detecting a small amount of nucleic acid such as the presence or absence of pathogenic microorganisms. It was expected to present.
JP 61-274597 A WO89 / 12696 JP-A-2-2934 U.S. Pat. No. 5,270,184 U.S. Pat. No. 5,455,166 Japanese Patent No. 2650159 Japanese Patent No. 3241717 JP-A-9-168400 JP 2001-157598 A Nature, 350: 91, 1991. Nature Biotech, 14: 303, 1996.

臨床現場における遺伝子検査、診断においては、簡易、迅速且つ感度、特異性の高い方法である事、さらには試薬や機器コストが低い事が要求される。本発明の課題は、特異性の高い核酸ハイブリダイゼーション法の利点を活かしながら、増幅産物の検出工程に要す時間及び工程数を減らし、特別な装置を用いる事なく、より簡易、迅速、特異的且つ目視判定性に優れた検出あるいは定量方法、並びに該方法において好適に使用される標的核酸の検出あるいは定量用キットを提供する事である。   In genetic testing and diagnosis in clinical settings, it is required that the method be simple, rapid, sensitive, and highly specific, and that reagents and equipment costs be low. The object of the present invention is to reduce the time and the number of steps required for the detection step of the amplification product while taking advantage of the nucleic acid hybridization method with high specificity, and it is simpler, quicker and more specific without using a special device. It is another object of the present invention to provide a detection or quantification method excellent in visual judgment and a target nucleic acid detection or quantification kit suitably used in the method.

さらに核酸増幅による検査では、様々な要因により増幅反応が進まず偽陰性となる可能性が常に危惧されるため、共増幅する事で増幅反応が正しく行われた証左となる内部標準核酸由来の増幅産物を同時に検出する方法を提供する事である。   In addition, in nucleic acid amplification testing, there is always a concern that the amplification reaction may not proceed due to various factors, and false negatives are always a concern. It is to provide a method for detecting the two simultaneously.

本発明者らは上記課題を解決するために鋭意検討の結果、標的核酸から1本鎖核酸を増幅し、これを毛細管現象により移動させ検出することにより、上記目的を達成できることに想到し、本発明に到達した。
即ち、本発明は以下のとおりである。
1.試料中の標的となる核酸を特異的に検出又は定量するための方法であって、試料中より任意に抽出された標的核酸から1本鎖核酸として増幅する工程、該増幅産物をクロマトグラフィーにより検出する工程及び該検出像を目視判定により評価する工程を含む核酸の検出又は定量方法。
2.増幅工程は標的核酸及び標的核酸と競合的若しくは非競合的に共増幅され得る内部標準核酸の増幅を伴うものである前記1の方法。
3.増幅はNASBA又はTMAにより行う前記1又は2の方法。
4.検出は、メンブレンに結合した増幅産物と相補的な第1のオリゴヌクレオチドプローブ及び着色高分子担体で標識した相補的な第2のオリゴヌクレオチドプローブを用いて行うことを特徴とする前記1、2又は3の方法。
5.核酸クロマトグラフィーに基づくアッセイ装置を用いる前記1〜4のいずれか1項記載の方法。
6.試料及び着色高分子担体標識オリゴヌクレオチドプローブの展開正否のみならず、核酸増幅反応の正否あるいは核酸抽出操作の偽陰性を判定するため、内部標準核酸として競合的あるいは非競合的に増幅される1本鎖核酸を共検出する前記1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
7.標的核酸と競合的あるいは非競合的に増幅した既知量の内部標準核酸由来の増幅産物との発色量の対比から、試料中の標的核酸量を目視で判定する事を特徴とする前記1〜6のいずれか1項記載の核酸の定量方法。
8.複数の着色高分子担体及び捕捉用ポリヌクレオチドを組み合わせることで、試料中に存在する2種以上の異なる標的核酸を同時に検出あるいは定量する前記1〜7のいずれか1項記載の核酸の検出又は定量方法。
9.前記1〜8のいずれか1項の方法の遂行に有用な増幅プライマー、検出プローブ、着色高分子担体、多孔性メンブレン及び展開用吸水性基材を含んでなる標的核酸の検出キット。
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have conceived that the above object can be achieved by amplifying a single-stranded nucleic acid from a target nucleic acid, and moving and detecting it by capillary action. The invention has been reached.
That is, the present invention is as follows.
1. A method for specifically detecting or quantifying a target nucleic acid in a sample, the step of amplifying as a single-stranded nucleic acid from a target nucleic acid arbitrarily extracted from a sample, and detecting the amplification product by chromatography And a method for detecting or quantifying a nucleic acid, comprising a step of evaluating the detected image by visual determination.
2. The method of 1 above, wherein the amplification step involves amplification of the target nucleic acid and an internal standard nucleic acid that can be competitively or non-competitively co-amplified with the target nucleic acid.
3. The method according to 1 or 2 above, wherein the amplification is performed by NASBA or TMA.
4). The detection is performed using the first oligonucleotide probe complementary to the amplification product bound to the membrane and the complementary second oligonucleotide probe labeled with a colored polymer carrier. Method 3.
5. 5. The method according to any one of 1 to 4 above, which uses an assay device based on nucleic acid chromatography.
6). One that is amplified competitively or non-competitively as an internal standard nucleic acid in order to determine not only whether the sample and the colored polymer carrier-labeled oligonucleotide probe are developed correctly or not, but also whether the nucleic acid amplification reaction is correct or false negative of the nucleic acid extraction operation 6. The method according to any one of 1 to 5, wherein a strand nucleic acid is co-detected.
7). The above-mentioned 1-6, wherein the target nucleic acid amount in the sample is visually determined from the contrast of the color development amount with the amplification product derived from a known amount of the internal standard nucleic acid competitively or non-competitively amplified with the target nucleic acid. The method for quantifying a nucleic acid according to any one of the above.
8). 8. Detection or quantification of a nucleic acid according to any one of 1 to 7 above, wherein two or more different target nucleic acids present in a sample are simultaneously detected or quantified by combining a plurality of colored polymer carriers and capture polynucleotides. Method.
9. 9. A target nucleic acid detection kit comprising an amplification primer, a detection probe, a colored polymer carrier, a porous membrane, and a developing water-absorbing substrate useful for performing the method according to any one of 1 to 8 above.

本発明によれば、試料中に存在する単独あるいは2種以上の核酸を簡易、迅速、且つ特異的に目視判定下で検出する事が可能となる。さらに、増幅反応時に共増幅される内部標準核酸を用いると、試料及び高分子担体標識オリゴヌクレオチドの展開正否のみならず、その検出結果から、増幅及び検出反応の正否を正しく判定する事ができる。さらに、内部標準核酸として、競合的あるいは非競合的に増幅した1本鎖核酸を共検出し、標的核酸との発色量比を基にして、標的核酸の量までも目視で測定する事ができる。本発明における内部標準核酸の共増幅、共検出により、増幅阻害物質等の様々な背景を持つ試料中の標的核酸の検出が可能になる。また、DNAではなくRNAを特異的に増幅するNASBA(あるいはTMA)法を用いれば、偽陽性の基となる死菌等を検出する事なく、生きている生物のみ検出あるいは定量する事が可能である。さらに、増幅工程において内部標準核酸を共増幅する事で、偽陰性の回避のみならず標的核酸が微量である場合においても目視での検出判定が可能となる。既知量の内部標準核酸を含める事で、該内部標準核酸との発色量の対比から目視での定量が可能である。さらに検出工程において、特別な専用機器を一切要しない、操作性にも優れた遺伝子検出方法を提供する事ができる。   According to the present invention, single or two or more kinds of nucleic acids present in a sample can be detected simply, rapidly and specifically under visual judgment. Furthermore, when an internal standard nucleic acid that is co-amplified during the amplification reaction is used, it is possible to correctly determine whether the amplification and the detection reaction are correct from the detection result, as well as the detection result of the sample and the polymer carrier-labeled oligonucleotide. In addition, single-stranded nucleic acid amplified competitively or non-competitively as an internal standard nucleic acid can be co-detected, and the amount of target nucleic acid can also be measured visually based on the color development ratio with the target nucleic acid. . By co-amplification and co-detection of an internal standard nucleic acid in the present invention, it becomes possible to detect a target nucleic acid in a sample having various backgrounds such as an amplification inhibitor. In addition, by using the NASBA (or TMA) method that specifically amplifies RNA instead of DNA, it is possible to detect or quantify only living organisms without detecting dead bacteria that are false positive groups. is there. Furthermore, by co-amplifying the internal standard nucleic acid in the amplification step, not only false negatives can be avoided, but also visual detection determination can be made even when the target nucleic acid is in a very small amount. By including a known amount of the internal standard nucleic acid, visual quantification is possible by comparing the color development amount with the internal standard nucleic acid. Furthermore, it is possible to provide a gene detection method excellent in operability that does not require any special dedicated equipment in the detection step.

本発明の好ましい態様においては、増幅反応によって得られた標的1本鎖核酸をクロマトグラフィーにより、該増幅産物に相補的な第1のオリゴヌクレオチドプローブを結合したメンブレン上でハイブリダイズさせ、次いで該結合物に着色高分子担体で標識した標的核酸に相補的な第2のオリゴヌクレオチドプローブをハイブリダイズさせ、その発色により標的核酸の存在を検出あるいは定量できる。さらに内部標準核酸由来の増幅産物の検出結果から増幅及び検出反応の正否を判定する事ができる。   In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the target single-stranded nucleic acid obtained by the amplification reaction is hybridized by chromatography on a membrane bound with a first oligonucleotide probe complementary to the amplification product, and then the binding. The presence of the target nucleic acid can be detected or quantified by hybridizing a second oligonucleotide probe complementary to the target nucleic acid labeled with a colored polymer carrier to the product and developing the color. Furthermore, the correctness of the amplification and detection reaction can be determined from the detection result of the amplification product derived from the internal standard nucleic acid.

以下、具体的に本発明を説明する。なお、本明細書において核酸クロマトグラフィーとは、核酸を用いたクロマトグラフィーを意味する。
先ず、試料から標的核酸を抽出する。試料としては、標的となる核酸を含有するものであれば特に制限はないが、例えば培養細胞(菌)株、末梢血あるいは細菌、ウイルス等の微生物等を用いることができる。本発明において抽出法は特に限定されず、市販の抽出キットを用いて行う事ができる。例えば、簡便法(EDTA-SDS-Phenol-Ethanol)、塩化リチウム−尿素法、プロテアーゼK−デオキシリボヌクレアーゼ法、フェノールSDS法、グアニジンチオシアネート塩化セシウム法、グアニジンチオシアネートトリフルオロ酢酸セシウム法、アシッドグアニジンチオシアネートフェノールクロロホルム法(AGPC法)、バナジルリボヌクレオシド複合法、磁性シリカ法等が挙げられる。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described. In this specification, nucleic acid chromatography means chromatography using nucleic acids.
First, target nucleic acid is extracted from a sample. The sample is not particularly limited as long as it contains the target nucleic acid. For example, cultured cell (fungus) strains, peripheral blood, microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses, and the like can be used. In the present invention, the extraction method is not particularly limited, and can be performed using a commercially available extraction kit. For example, simple method (EDTA-SDS-Phenol-Ethanol), lithium chloride-urea method, protease K-deoxyribonuclease method, phenol SDS method, guanidine thiocyanate cesium chloride method, guanidine thiocyanate trifluoroacetic acid cesium acetate method, acid guanidine thiocyanate phenol chloroform Method (AGPC method), vanadyl ribonucleoside compound method, magnetic silica method and the like.

このようにして得た標的核酸を1本鎖核酸として増幅する。増幅法としては、増幅産物として1本鎖核酸を産生するNASBA法又はTMA法が好ましく、増幅産物の変性処理を行う工程を省く事ができ直ちに検出操作に供する事が可能である。勿論本発明の核酸増幅法は、1本鎖核酸を生じるものならNASBA法又はTMA法に限定されるものではない。
NASBA法では、標的核酸として主にRNAを鋳型とし、増幅産物として鋳型RNA相補的な1本鎖RNAを生成し、複雑な温度制御のためのサーマルサイクラーは不要である。
The target nucleic acid thus obtained is amplified as a single-stranded nucleic acid. As the amplification method, the NASBA method or TMA method for producing a single-stranded nucleic acid as an amplification product is preferable, and the step of performing a denaturation treatment of the amplification product can be omitted, and the detection operation can be immediately performed. Of course, the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention is not limited to the NASBA method or the TMA method as long as it produces a single-stranded nucleic acid.
In the NASBA method, RNA is mainly used as a target nucleic acid as a template, single-stranded RNA complementary to the template RNA is generated as an amplification product, and a thermal cycler for complicated temperature control is unnecessary.

NASBA法は、概略以下の[工程1]〜[工程9]よりなる。[工程1]試料中の標的核酸配列(RNA)に相補的な配列およびその5’末端側にRNAポリメラーゼのプロモーター配列を有する第1プライマーを適当な緩衝剤の存在下で試料中の標的核酸(RNA)にハイブリダイズさせ、逆転写酵素によりdNTPsを材料としてDNAを合成し、[工程2]RNA/DNAハイブリッドのRNAのみをリボヌクレアーゼHにより分解して一本鎖DNA(第2鋳型)を得、[工程3]ついで該一本鎖DNA(第2鋳型)に標的核酸配列(DNA)に相補的な配列を有する第2プライマーをハイブリダイズさせ、dNTPsを材料としてDNAポリメラーゼにより伸長反応を行い、二本鎖DNAを得る。[工程4]ついでプロモーター配列を認識するRNAポリメラーゼを用いて、NTPsを材料としRNAのコピー(第3鋳型)を多数合成する。[工程5]得られたRNA(第3鋳型)を鋳型とし、逆転写酵素を使用した第2プライマーによるRNA/DNAハイブリッドの合成、[工程6]リボヌクレアーゼHによるRNAのみを分解する一本鎖DNA(第4鋳型)の合成、[工程7]得られた一本鎖DNA(第4鋳型)を鋳型として、DNAポリメラーゼを使用した第1プライマーによる二本鎖DNAの合成、[工程8]RNAポリメラーゼを使用した該二本鎖DNAからRNAの多数コピー(第3鋳型)の合成を行う。[工程9]これらの工程(工程5〜8)を繰り返す事により、試料中の核酸を増幅させる事ができる。
他方、TMA法は、原理的にはNASBA法と同様の手法であるが、標的RNA特異的な2種類のプライマーと2種類の酵素(逆転写酵素とRNAポリメラーゼ)を用いて、鋳型RNA相補的な1本鎖RNAを等温下で生成する。
The NASBA method generally comprises the following [Step 1] to [Step 9]. [Step 1] A target nucleic acid in a sample (in the presence of an appropriate buffer, a first primer having a sequence complementary to the target nucleic acid sequence (RNA) in the sample and a promoter sequence of RNA polymerase on the 5 ′ end side thereof) RNA), DNA is synthesized using dNTPs as a material by reverse transcriptase, [Step 2] Only RNA of the RNA / DNA hybrid is decomposed by ribonuclease H to obtain single-stranded DNA (second template), [Step 3] Next, a second primer having a sequence complementary to the target nucleic acid sequence (DNA) is hybridized to the single-stranded DNA (second template), and an extension reaction is performed with DNA polymerase using dNTPs as a material. Double-stranded DNA is obtained. [Step 4] Using RNA polymerase that recognizes the promoter sequence, a large number of RNA copies (third template) are synthesized using NTPs as a material. [Step 5] Using the obtained RNA (third template) as a template, synthesis of an RNA / DNA hybrid with a second primer using reverse transcriptase, [Step 6] Single-stranded DNA that degrades only RNA by ribonuclease H Synthesis of (fourth template), [Step 7] Synthesis of double-stranded DNA with the first primer using DNA polymerase using the obtained single-stranded DNA (fourth template) as a template, [Step 8] RNA polymerase Is used to synthesize a large number of RNA copies (third template) from the double-stranded DNA. [Step 9] By repeating these steps (Steps 5 to 8), the nucleic acid in the sample can be amplified.
On the other hand, the TMA method is in principle the same method as the NASBA method, but using two types of primers specific to the target RNA and two types of enzymes (reverse transcriptase and RNA polymerase) to complement the template RNA. Single stranded RNA is produced isothermally.

NASBA法等による核酸増幅反応の際、好ましくは内部標準核酸として標的RNA用のプライマーにより競合増幅される得る核酸を加える。具体的には、標的核酸の一部を改変した合成RNAを作製し、標的RNAと競合的増幅を行い、該改変部位に相補的なオリゴヌクレオチドプローブを結合せしめたメンブレン上で検出する。あるいは試料中に必ず共存する核酸を共増幅しても良いが、この場合は標的核酸とは異なる専用の増幅プライマーが必要となる。具体的には、βアクチン及びGAPDH等のハウスキーピング遺伝子並びに合成RNA等を含む核酸を非競合的に共増幅し、該増幅産物に相補的なオリゴヌクレオチドプローブを結合せしめたメンブレン上で検出する。これら内部標準核酸は標的核酸の有無に関わらず常に増幅、検出され得る必要量以上で一定量である事が望ましい。具体的には、内部標準核酸量としてより好適なのは、予想される標的核酸量と同等あるいは以下に設定され、標的核酸の増幅効率が優先されるようにすべきである。   In the nucleic acid amplification reaction by the NASBA method or the like, a nucleic acid that can be competitively amplified by a primer for a target RNA is preferably added as an internal standard nucleic acid. Specifically, a synthetic RNA obtained by modifying a part of the target nucleic acid is prepared, competitively amplified with the target RNA, and detected on a membrane in which a complementary oligonucleotide probe is bound to the modified site. Alternatively, the nucleic acid coexisting in the sample may be co-amplified, but in this case, a dedicated amplification primer different from the target nucleic acid is required. Specifically, nucleic acids containing housekeeping genes such as β-actin and GAPDH and synthetic RNA are non-competitively co-amplified and detected on a membrane in which an oligonucleotide probe complementary to the amplified product is bound. It is desirable that these internal standard nucleic acids are in a certain amount above the necessary amount that can be always amplified and detected regardless of the presence or absence of the target nucleic acid. Specifically, the amount of the internal standard nucleic acid is more preferably set to be equal to or less than the expected target nucleic acid amount so that the amplification efficiency of the target nucleic acid is given priority.

増幅された核酸は、核酸クロマトグラフィーに基づく検出を行う。多孔性メンブレン上の識別可能な位置に予め捕捉用オリゴヌクレオチドプローブを結合させ、この捕捉用オリゴヌクレオチドプローブ位置とは異なる部位から試料や着色ラテックス等を毛細管現象で移動(展開)させる。捕捉及び標識化オリゴヌクレオチドプローブと特異的な結合(ハイブリダイゼーション)をした標的1本鎖核酸のみ捕捉用オリゴヌクレオチドプローブ結合位置で識別される。内部標準核酸を用いる場合は、標的核酸と内部標準核酸はそれぞれ別々に検出ししてもよいが、同一のメンブレンで同時に検出する共検出方法が好ましい。
検出における結果判定は、具体的には以下のように行われる事が望ましい。予想される標的核酸量と同等あるいは以下に設定され、競合あるいは非競合的に共増幅され、共検出された内部標準核酸の発色量を対照として、標的核酸量が同等、以下あるいは以上であると目視で判定を行う。例えば、標的核酸と競合増幅され得る内部標準核酸を用いた場合、標的核酸から得た増幅産物の発色量が、対照となる内部標準核酸由来の増幅産物と同等の発色量を呈した場合に同等量であると判定し、対照となる内部標準核酸の発色が微かに認められるあるいは認められず標的核酸の発色のみである場合、内部標準核酸に比べ標的核酸量が多いと判定する。一方、対照となる内部標準核酸の発色のみあるいは標的核酸の発色量が非常に微かである、という場合は標的核酸量が少ないと判定する。
The amplified nucleic acid is detected based on nucleic acid chromatography. A capture oligonucleotide probe is bound in advance to an identifiable position on the porous membrane, and a sample, colored latex, or the like is moved (developed) from a site different from the capture oligonucleotide probe position by capillary action. Only target single-stranded nucleic acids that have specifically bound (hybridized) to the capture and labeled oligonucleotide probes are identified at the capture oligonucleotide probe binding position. When using an internal standard nucleic acid, the target nucleic acid and the internal standard nucleic acid may be detected separately, but a co-detection method in which detection is simultaneously performed using the same membrane is preferable.
Specifically, the determination of the result in detection is desirably performed as follows. If the target nucleic acid amount is equal to, or less than or equal to the expected target nucleic acid amount, compared to the color development amount of the internal standard nucleic acid that is co-amplified competitively or non-competitively and is co-detected Judgment is made visually. For example, when an internal standard nucleic acid that can be competitively amplified with the target nucleic acid is used, the color development amount of the amplification product obtained from the target nucleic acid is equivalent to the color development amount equivalent to the amplification product derived from the control internal standard nucleic acid. The amount of target nucleic acid is determined to be larger than that of the internal standard nucleic acid when the color of the internal standard nucleic acid as a control is slightly recognized or not, and only the color of the target nucleic acid is developed. On the other hand, when only the color of the internal standard nucleic acid as a control is developed or the color of the target nucleic acid is very small, it is determined that the amount of the target nucleic acid is small.

また、複数の着色高分子担体及び捕捉用ポリヌクレオチドを組み合わせることで、試料中に存在する2種以上の異なる標的核酸を同時に検出あるいは定量することができる。例えば、2種類の異なる標的核酸(E、Fとする)を同時に検出しようとした場合、各々の標的核酸に相補的な補足用オリゴヌクレオチドプローブをメンブレン上の異なる位置に固相化し、また各々の標的核酸に相補的なオリゴヌクレオチドプローブを赤(標的核酸E用)あるいは青色(標的核酸F用)の高分子担体に結合し、該混合液をラテックス結合オリゴヌクレオチドプローブ塗布パッドに塗布、乾燥し、試験ストリップに設置する。上記試験ストリップに2種類の標的核酸を含むNASBA産物をアプライし、クロマトグラフィーによる検出を行う。各々の標的核酸が結合したメンブレン上で、NASBA産物を介して各々の相補的配列をもつオリゴヌクレオチド標識ラテックスの着色ラインが得られる。勿論、2種類に限定されるものではない。   Further, by combining a plurality of colored polymer carriers and capture polynucleotides, two or more different target nucleic acids present in a sample can be simultaneously detected or quantified. For example, when two different target nucleic acids (E and F) are to be detected simultaneously, complementary oligonucleotide probes complementary to each target nucleic acid are immobilized on different positions on the membrane, and each An oligonucleotide probe complementary to a target nucleic acid is bound to a red (for target nucleic acid E) or blue (for target nucleic acid F) polymer carrier, and the mixture is applied to a latex-bound oligonucleotide probe coating pad and dried. Install on test strip. A NASBA product containing two types of target nucleic acids is applied to the test strip, and detection by chromatography is performed. On the membrane to which each target nucleic acid is bound, a colored line of oligonucleotide-labeled latex having each complementary sequence is obtained via the NASBA product. Of course, it is not limited to two types.

多孔性メンブレンは捕捉用オリゴヌクレオチドプローブを結合できるものであればよく、例えばニトロセルロース、ナイロン等が挙げられ、物理的結合を始め各種結合方法が選択できるが、特にカルボキシル基等を化学修飾した共有結合活性修飾ナイロンメンブレンが望ましい。
着色高分子担体としては、青色、赤色等の顔料で着色されたポリスチレンラテックスが好ましく、特に官能基としてカルボキシル基を有すものがオリゴヌクレオチドプローブへの標識に有用である。複数の核酸を識別する場合、異なる色のラテックスを組み合わせる事で視認性が向上する。着色高分子担体粒子の大きさはメンブレン孔径より小さい粒径から選択され、通常直径500nm以下が用いられる。
The porous membrane is not particularly limited as long as it can bind the oligonucleotide probe for capture, and examples thereof include nitrocellulose and nylon. Various binding methods including physical binding can be selected. A binding activity modified nylon membrane is desirable.
As the colored polymer carrier, polystyrene latex colored with pigments such as blue and red is preferable, and those having a carboxyl group as a functional group are particularly useful for labeling oligonucleotide probes. When identifying a plurality of nucleic acids, visibility is improved by combining latexes of different colors. The size of the colored polymer carrier particles is selected from a particle size smaller than the membrane pore diameter, and usually a diameter of 500 nm or less is used.

捕捉用オリゴヌクレオチドプローブや標識用オリゴヌクレオチドプローブは、検出対象となる1本鎖核酸(増幅産物)に相補的な配列を有す1本鎖核酸である。各結合対象となるメンブレンやラテックスが化学的に修飾されている場合、これに反応する官能基を有す事が望ましく、例えばカルボキシル基で修飾されたメンブレンやラテックスに対しては、5’あるいは3’末端をアミノ化した合成オリゴヌクレオチドが好ましい。
メンブレンへの捕捉用オリゴヌクレオチドプローブ結合の形態は特に限定されないが、例えばラインあるいは円形スポットとして結合する。さらに、標的核酸と内部標準核酸由来の増幅産物を同時に捕捉するため、同一のメンブレン上の異なる位置に各捕捉オリゴヌクレオチドプローブを結合しておくのが好ましい。
The capture oligonucleotide probe and the label oligonucleotide probe are single-stranded nucleic acids having a sequence complementary to a single-stranded nucleic acid (amplification product) to be detected. When the membrane or latex to be bound is chemically modified, it is desirable to have a functional group that reacts with it. For example, 5 ′ or 3 for a membrane or latex modified with a carboxyl group 'Synthetic oligonucleotides with aminated ends are preferred.
The form of binding of the oligonucleotide probe for capture to the membrane is not particularly limited. For example, it binds as a line or a circular spot. Furthermore, in order to simultaneously capture the target nucleic acid and the amplification product derived from the internal standard nucleic acid, it is preferable to bind each capture oligonucleotide probe to different positions on the same membrane.

ラテックス標識オリゴヌクレオチドは、ガラス繊維布等の保持用部材に塗布、乾燥させメンブレンの一端に設置しておく。液状試料や展開液によって保持部中のラテックスがメンブレン上に溶解浸出し、捕捉オリゴヌクレオチド結合位置に達す。この際試料中に検出対象となる1本鎖核酸が存在した場合、捕捉用オリゴヌクレオチド結合位置上でこの1本鎖核酸を介し着色ラテックスが集積し、目視的判定が可能となる。
検出は多量の1本鎖核酸を含む増幅産物を用い、核酸クロマトグラフィーによる検出を行うのが好ましい。特にNASBAやTMAによって得られる核酸は1本鎖RNAであり、検出前に変性操作を行う必要がなくそのまま展開する事が可能である。検出装置としては核酸クロマトグラフィーに基づくアッセイ装置が好ましい。
The latex-labeled oligonucleotide is applied to a holding member such as a glass fiber cloth, dried, and placed on one end of the membrane. The latex in the holding part is dissolved and leached on the membrane by the liquid sample or the developing solution, and reaches the capture oligonucleotide binding position. At this time, if a single-stranded nucleic acid to be detected is present in the sample, colored latex accumulates on the capture oligonucleotide binding position via the single-stranded nucleic acid, and visual determination is possible.
Detection is preferably performed by nucleic acid chromatography using an amplification product containing a large amount of single-stranded nucleic acid. In particular, the nucleic acid obtained by NASBA or TMA is a single-stranded RNA and can be developed as it is without the need for a denaturation operation before detection. The detection device is preferably an assay device based on nucleic acid chromatography.

図1は、本発明による検出装置の構成例の概略を示す模式図である。捕捉用オリゴヌクレオチドプローブが固相化されたメンブレン3の上流端側に、ラテックス結合オリゴヌクレオチドプローブを塗布、乾燥させたパッド5を設置する。該パッド上のメンブレンとは重なり合わない部分で展開パッド6を設置する。なお、「上流」とは、展開パッドが配置されるメンブレンの末端側を意味する。該メンブレンの下流端側には吸収パッド4を設置し、試験ストリップとする。NASBA法による増幅産物の場合は変性処理する事なく、直ちにストリップ上のサンプルウェルにアプライされ、クロマトグラフィーによる検出が行われる。増幅産物及び試薬は上流側から下流側へと毛細管現象により移動する。1は標的核酸検出部(捕捉用オリゴヌクレオチド結合部)、2は内部標準核酸検出部(捕捉用オリゴヌクレオチド結合部)である。
図2は、本発明により、標的核酸を定量検出した場合の判定例を示す模式図である。図2の7は標的核酸、8は内部標準核酸の検出パターンである。増幅産物中の(A)は標的核酸なし、(B)は標的核酸量が内部標準核酸量より少ない、(C)は標的核酸量と内部標準核酸量が同等レベルである、(D)標的核酸量は内部標準核酸量より多いと判定する。
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an outline of a configuration example of a detection apparatus according to the present invention. A pad 5 on which a latex-bound oligonucleotide probe is applied and dried is placed on the upstream end side of the membrane 3 on which the capture oligonucleotide probe is immobilized. The development pad 6 is installed at a portion that does not overlap the membrane on the pad. “Upstream” means the end side of the membrane on which the development pad is disposed. An absorbent pad 4 is installed on the downstream end side of the membrane to form a test strip. In the case of the amplification product by the NASBA method, it is immediately applied to the sample well on the strip without performing denaturation treatment, and detection by chromatography is performed. Amplification products and reagents move from the upstream side to the downstream side by capillary action. Reference numeral 1 denotes a target nucleic acid detection part (capture oligonucleotide binding part), and reference numeral 2 denotes an internal standard nucleic acid detection part (capture oligonucleotide binding part).
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a determination example when the target nucleic acid is quantitatively detected according to the present invention. In FIG. 2, 7 is a target nucleic acid, and 8 is an internal standard nucleic acid detection pattern. (A) in the amplification product has no target nucleic acid, (B) has a target nucleic acid amount less than the internal standard nucleic acid amount, (C) has a target nucleic acid amount and an internal standard nucleic acid amount at the same level, (D) target nucleic acid The amount is determined to be greater than the amount of the internal standard nucleic acid.

本発明において主として検出あるいは定量対象物となるのは、感染性疾患に関与あるいは関与が予想される病原性微生物の遺伝子(例えば細菌、ウイルス、原虫等)、あるいはがん、治療薬剤等に関与あるいは関与が予想される遺伝子並びにこれら疾患により発現変化を伴う遺伝子(例えばがん遺伝子、がん抑制遺伝子、薬剤耐性遺伝子等)が測定(増幅あるいは検出)対象として挙げられるが、特にこれらに限定されるものではない。
また、本発明の方法の遂行に有用な増幅プライマー、検出プローブ、着色高分子担体、多孔性メンブレン及び展開用吸水性基材を標的核酸の検出キットとして提供することができる。展開用吸水性基材ととは、ラテックス標識オリゴヌクレオチド塗布パッド、展開パッド(展開液成分導入する部分)及びメンブレンを挟んだ反対側に吸収パッド(その水性液体の吸収力により展開を促進させる部分)等が含まれ、吸水性に優れた材料が好ましく、例えばガラス繊維布やセルロース繊維等が挙げられる。
In the present invention, the target of detection or quantification is mainly related to genes of pathogenic microorganisms (eg, bacteria, viruses, protozoa, etc.) that are expected to be involved or involved in infectious diseases, or cancer, therapeutic drugs, etc. Genes that are expected to be involved and genes that change expression due to these diseases (for example, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, drug resistance genes, etc.) can be mentioned as targets of measurement (amplification or detection), but are particularly limited to these. It is not a thing.
In addition, an amplification primer, a detection probe, a colored polymer carrier, a porous membrane, and a development water-absorbing substrate useful for carrying out the method of the present invention can be provided as a target nucleic acid detection kit. The water-absorbing base material for development is a latex-labeled oligonucleotide coating pad, a development pad (part for introducing a development liquid component), and an absorption pad on the opposite side across the membrane (part that promotes development by the absorption capacity of the aqueous liquid) Etc.) and a material excellent in water absorption is preferable, and examples thereof include glass fiber cloth and cellulose fiber.

以下に実施例を挙げ、本発明の材料及び方法の仕様を例示し、さらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。
実施例1
難治性院内感染の主要な原因菌の1つであるメチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌(以下MRSA)の培養菌株からExtragen(カイノス社製)により抽出したtotal RNAを鋳型としてNASBA増幅反応を行い、増幅終了後の産物を前処理する事なく直ちに核酸クロマトグラフィーによる検出を行った。
(1)ラテックス結合オリゴヌクレオチドプローブの作製
カルボキシル基含有ポリスチレンラテックス(固形分10%(w/w)、Bangs社製)とアミノ基含有オリゴヌクレオチドプローブ(配列番号5、合成にあたり3’末端にアミノ基を導入)を、水溶性カルボジイミドを必要量添加したMES(2-Morpholinoethanesulfonic acid、 monohydrate)(同仁化学研究所社製)緩衝液中で混合し、結合させた後、モノエタノールアミン(和光純薬工業社製)を添加しさらに反応させた。上記反応液を遠心分離後、上清除去を行い、得られた沈殿に水溶液添加、洗浄操作を繰り返した。洗浄後、界面活性剤を含むHEPES(2-[4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethanesulfonic acid)(埼京化成社製)緩衝液に再懸濁し、使用まで4℃で保存した。
(2)オリゴヌクレオチドの固定化
カルボキシル基修飾ナイロンメンブレン(ポール社製)を水溶性カルボジイミドにより処理し、脱イオン水で洗浄した。この活性化したメンブレンに検出対象となる1本鎖核酸に対し相補的配列を持つアミノ基含有オリゴヌクレオチドプローブ(配列番号4、合成にあたり5’末端にアミノ基を導入)を結合させ、15分間風乾した。その後、メンブレンをTrisベースの緩衝液で処理、残存する活性基の消去後、メンブレンを脱イオン水で洗浄し、風乾した。
Examples are given below to illustrate the specifications of the materials and methods of the present invention and will be described in more detail. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
A NASBA amplification reaction was performed using total RNA extracted from Extragen (manufactured by Kainos) from a cultured strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), one of the major causative bacteria for intractable nosocomial infections. The product was immediately detected by nucleic acid chromatography without pretreatment.
(1) Preparation of Latex-Binding Oligonucleotide Probe Carboxyl group-containing polystyrene latex (solid content 10% (w / w), manufactured by Bangs) and amino group-containing oligonucleotide probe (SEQ ID NO: 5, amino group at the 3 ′ end for synthesis) Are mixed in MES (2-Morpholinoethanesulfonic acid, monohydrate) (Dojindo Laboratories) buffer solution to which the required amount of water-soluble carbodiimide has been added, combined, and then combined with monoethanolamine (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) The product was further reacted. After centrifuging the reaction solution, the supernatant was removed, and an aqueous solution was added to the resulting precipitate and the washing operation was repeated. After washing, the suspension was resuspended in a buffer containing HEPES (2- [4- (2-Hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazinyl] ethanesulfonic acid) (manufactured by Saikyo Kasei Co., Ltd.) and stored at 4 ° C. until use.
(2) Immobilization of oligonucleotide A carboxyl group-modified nylon membrane (manufactured by Pall) was treated with water-soluble carbodiimide and washed with deionized water. An amino group-containing oligonucleotide probe having a sequence complementary to the single-stranded nucleic acid to be detected (SEQ ID NO: 4, introducing an amino group at the 5 ′ end during synthesis) was bound to the activated membrane, and air-dried for 15 minutes. did. Thereafter, the membrane was treated with a Tris-based buffer, and after the remaining active groups were erased, the membrane was washed with deionized water and air-dried.

(3)NASBA法によるMRSA
RNAの増幅
カイノス製NASBA凍結乾燥試薬を、各0.4μMのプライマ−P1(配列番号1)、P2(配列番号2)、P3(配列番号3)を含むプライマー溶解液100μLで溶解し、0.5mLエッペンドルフチューブに5μLずつ分注した。水あるいは培養菌株103CFU相当由来のtotal RNAを各2.5μL加え、65℃、5分加熱、次いで41℃、5分間保温した。2.5μLの酵素液を加え、軽くタッピングした後41℃で60分反応させた。
(4)核酸クロマトグラフィーによる検出
検出用核酸クロマトグラフィー装置として、図1に示すような下記構成部品からなるストリップを作製した。
捕捉用オリゴヌクレオチドプローブが固相化されたメンブレンの上流端側に、ラテックス結合オリゴヌクレオチドプローブを塗布、乾燥させたパッド(ミリポア社製)を設置した。該パッド上のメンブレンとは重なり合わない部分で展開パッド(ミリポア社製)を設置した。さらに、該メンブレンの下流端側に吸収パッド(ミリポア社製)を設置し、試験ストリップとした。上記NASBA産物を変性処理する事なく、直ちにストリップ上のサンプルウェルにアプライし、クロマトグラフィーによる検出を行った。増幅産物及び試薬は上流側から下流側へと毛細管現象により移動する。検体として水を用いた場合、ラインの検出は認められなかった。一方、培養菌株由来のtotal RNAの増幅産物では、標的核酸特異的な着色ラインが検出された。増幅終了後直ちに変性操作を加える事なく核酸クロマトグラフィー解析する事で、僅か5から15分という短時間で目的とする核酸を特異的に検出し得た。
図3−(A)は、本発明の核酸クロマトグラフィーによるMRSA検出結果である。図3の9は、MRSAの培養菌株から抽出したtotal RNAを鋳型とし、NASBA増幅により得られた標的核酸の着色ラインである。
(3) MRSA based on NASBA method
Amplification of RNA NASOS lyophilized reagent from Kinos was dissolved in 100 μL of a primer solution containing 0.4 μM each of primer-P1 (SEQ ID NO: 1), P2 (SEQ ID NO: 2), and P3 (SEQ ID NO: 3). 5 μL each was dispensed into a 5 mL Eppendorf tube. 2.5 μL each of water or total RNA derived from 10 3 CFU equivalent of cultured strain was added, heated at 65 ° C. for 5 minutes, and then kept at 41 ° C. for 5 minutes. 2.5 μL of the enzyme solution was added, tapped lightly, and reacted at 41 ° C. for 60 minutes.
(4) Detection by Nucleic Acid Chromatography As a detection nucleic acid chromatography apparatus, a strip comprising the following components as shown in FIG. 1 was prepared.
A pad (manufactured by Millipore) with a latex-bound oligonucleotide probe applied and dried was placed on the upstream end side of the membrane on which the capture oligonucleotide probe was immobilized. A development pad (Millipore) was installed at a portion that did not overlap the membrane on the pad. Furthermore, an absorption pad (Millipore) was installed on the downstream end side of the membrane to obtain a test strip. The NASBA product was immediately applied to the sample well on the strip without denaturation treatment and detected by chromatography. Amplification products and reagents move from the upstream side to the downstream side by capillary action. When water was used as the specimen, no line was detected. On the other hand, a colored line specific to the target nucleic acid was detected in the amplification product of total RNA derived from the cultured strain. Immediately after the amplification, the target nucleic acid could be specifically detected in a short time of 5 to 15 minutes by performing nucleic acid chromatography analysis without any denaturation operation.
FIG. 3- (A) shows MRSA detection results by the nucleic acid chromatography of the present invention. 9 in FIG. 3 is a target nucleic acid coloring line obtained by NASBA amplification using the total RNA extracted from the MRSA culture strain as a template.

実施例2
水系感染症をもたらす原虫Cryptosporidium parvum(以下C. parvum)から磁性シリカにより抽出したtotal RNAを鋳型とし、NASBA増幅反応の際に内部標準核酸となる合成RNAを加えて競合増幅し、増幅終了後の産物を前処理する事なく直ちに核酸クロマトグラフィーによる検出を行った。
(1)ラテックス結合オリゴヌクレオチドプローブの作製
カルボキシル基含有ポリスチレンラテックス(固形分4%(w/w)、Duke社製)を用い、実施例1同様に処理した。標的核酸相補的配列を持つ3’末端アミノ基含有オリゴヌクレオチドプローブは、配列番号9である。
(2)オリゴヌクレオチドの固定化
標的核酸並びに内部標準核酸に相補的配列を持つ5’末端アミノ基含有オリゴヌクレオチドプローブ(配列番号8、10)を用い、実施例1同様に処理した。
(3)Competitive
NASBA法を用いたC. parvum RNAの増幅
カイノス製NASBA凍結乾燥試薬を、各0.4μMのプライマーP4(配列番号6)、P5(配列番号7)を含むプライマー溶解液100μLで溶解し、0.5mLエッペンドルフチューブに5μLずつ分注した。全てのチューブに100分子相当の内部標準RNAを1.25μL加えた後、水あるいは10オーシスト相当由来のtotal RNAを各1.25μL加え、65℃、5分加熱、次いで41℃、5分間保温した。2.5μLの酵素液を加え、軽くタッピングした後41℃で30分反応させた。
(4)核酸クロマトグラフィーによる検出
上記NASBA産物を変性処理する事なく、直ちにストリップ上のサンプルウェルにアプライし、クロマトグラフィーによる検出を行った。検体として水を用いた場合、内部標準核酸検出用のラインのみが青色検出された。一方、10オーシスト由来total RNAの増幅産物では、内部標準核酸の検出ラインのみならず標的核酸特異的な2本目の着色ラインが検出された。増幅終了後直ちに変性操作を加える事なく核酸クロマトグラフィー解析する事で、僅か5から15分という短時間で目的とする核酸を特異的に検出し得た。また、共増幅された内部標準核酸の検出を確認する事で、増幅及び検出反応に異常がなく正しい判定が可能となった。
図3−(B)は、本発明の核酸クロマトグラフィーによるC. parvum検出結果である。図3の10は、C. parvumの10オーシスト相当から抽出したtotal RNAを鋳型とし、NASBA増幅により得られた標的核酸の着色ラインである。図3の11は、標的核酸と競合的に増幅する内部標準核酸100分子のNASBA増幅産物の着色ラインである。
Example 2
Using total RNA extracted from magnetic protozoa Cryptosporidium parvum (hereinafter referred to as C. parvum) that causes water-borne infections as a template, adding synthetic RNA as an internal standard nucleic acid during NASBA amplification reaction, competitive amplification is performed, and after completion of amplification The product was immediately detected by nucleic acid chromatography without pretreatment.
(1) Preparation of Latex-Binding Oligonucleotide Probe A carboxyl group-containing polystyrene latex (solid content: 4% (w / w), manufactured by Duke) was used in the same manner as in Example 1. The 3 ′ terminal amino group-containing oligonucleotide probe having the target nucleic acid complementary sequence is SEQ ID NO: 9.
(2) Immobilization of oligonucleotide A 5′-terminal amino group-containing oligonucleotide probe (SEQ ID NO: 8, 10) having a complementary sequence to the target nucleic acid and the internal standard nucleic acid was used in the same manner as in Example 1.
(3) Competitive
Amplification of C. parvum RNA using NASBA method NASBA lyophilized reagent from Kinos was dissolved in 100 μL of a primer solution containing 0.4 μM each of primers P4 (SEQ ID NO: 6) and P5 (SEQ ID NO: 7). 5 μL each was dispensed into a 5 mL Eppendorf tube. After adding 1.25 μL of internal standard RNA equivalent to 100 molecules to all tubes, add 1.25 μL each of water or total RNA derived from 10 oocysts, heat at 65 ° C. for 5 minutes, and then incubate at 41 ° C. for 5 minutes. . After adding 2.5 μL of enzyme solution and tapping lightly, the mixture was reacted at 41 ° C. for 30 minutes.
(4) Detection by nucleic acid chromatography The NASBA product was immediately applied to the sample well on the strip without denaturation treatment, and detection by chromatography was performed. When water was used as a specimen, only the internal standard nucleic acid detection line was detected in blue. On the other hand, in the amplified product of total RNA derived from 10 oocysts, not only the detection line of the internal standard nucleic acid but also the second colored line specific to the target nucleic acid was detected. Immediately after the amplification, the target nucleic acid could be specifically detected in a short time of 5 to 15 minutes by performing nucleic acid chromatography analysis without any denaturation operation. In addition, by confirming the detection of the co-amplified internal standard nucleic acid, it was possible to make a correct determination without any abnormality in the amplification and detection reactions.
FIG. 3- (B) shows the results of C. parvum detection by nucleic acid chromatography of the present invention. 3 in FIG. 3 is a target nucleic acid coloring line obtained by NASBA amplification using total RNA extracted from 10 oocysts of C. parvum as a template. 3 of FIG. 3 is a colored line of NASBA amplification product of 100 molecules of internal standard nucleic acid that is competitively amplified with the target nucleic acid.

実施例3
薬剤耐性因子の1つであるMultidrug resistance gene 1(以下MDR1)の健常人末梢血有核細胞からAGPC法により抽出したtotal RNAを鋳型とし、NASBA増幅反応の際に内部標準核酸となる合成RNAを加えて競合増幅し、増幅終了後の産物を前処理する事なく直ちに核酸クロマトグラフィーによる検出を行った。
(1)ラテックス結合オリゴヌクレオチドプローブの作製
カルボキシル基含有ポリスチレンラテックス(固形分4%(w/w)、Duke社製)を用い、 実施例1同様に処理した。標的核酸相補的配列を持つ3’末端アミノ基含有オリゴヌクレオチドプローブは、配列番号14である。
(2)オリゴヌクレオチドの固定化
標的核酸並びに内部標準核酸に相補的配列を持つ5’末端アミノ基含有オリゴヌクレオチドプローブ(配列番号10、13)を用い、実施例1同様に処理した。
(3)Competitive
NASBA法を用いたMDR1 RNAの増幅
カイノス製NASBA凍結乾燥試薬を、各0.4μMのプライマーP6(配列番号11)、P7(配列番号12)を含むプライマー溶解液100μLで溶解し、0.5mLエッペンドルフチューブに5μLずつ分注した。全てのチューブに10000分子相当の内部標準RNAを1.25μL加えた後、水あるいは健常人末梢血有核細胞由来のtotal RNA 0.1μg相当のRNAを各1.25μL加え、65℃、5分加熱、次いで41℃、5分間保温した。2.5μLの酵素液を加え、軽くタッピングした後41℃で30分反応させた。
(4)核酸クロマトグラフィーによる検出
上記NASBA産物を変性処理する事なく、直ちにストリップ上のサンプルウェルにアプライし、クロマトグラフィーによる検出を行った。実施例2同様の標的及び内部標準RNA各々に特異的な着色ラインが示された。
Example 3
Synthetic RNA that becomes the internal standard nucleic acid during the NASBA amplification reaction, using total RNA extracted from the peripheral blood nucleated cells of normal human multidrug resistance gene 1 (hereinafter referred to as MDR1), one of the drug resistance factors, by the AGPC method. In addition, competitive amplification was performed, and detection by nucleic acid chromatography was performed immediately without pretreatment of the product after completion of amplification.
(1) Preparation of Latex-Binding Oligonucleotide Probe A carboxyl group-containing polystyrene latex (solid content 4% (w / w), manufactured by Duke) was used in the same manner as in Example 1. A 3 ′ terminal amino group-containing oligonucleotide probe having a target nucleic acid complementary sequence is SEQ ID NO: 14.
(2) Immobilization of oligonucleotides 5′-terminal amino group-containing oligonucleotide probes (SEQ ID NOs: 10 and 13) having complementary sequences to the target nucleic acid and the internal standard nucleic acid were used in the same manner as in Example 1.
(3) Competitive
Amplification of MDR1 RNA using NASBA method NASBA lyophilized reagent from Kinos was dissolved in 100 μL of a primer solution containing 0.4 μM of each of primers P6 (SEQ ID NO: 11) and P7 (SEQ ID NO: 12), and 0.5 mL Eppendorf was added. Dispense 5 μL each into a tube. After adding 1.25 μL of 10000 molecules of internal standard RNA to all tubes, add 1.25 μL of water or RNA corresponding to 0.1 μg of total RNA derived from peripheral blood nucleated cells of healthy humans, and heat at 65 ° C. for 5 minutes. Then, it was kept at 41 ° C. for 5 minutes. After adding 2.5 μL of enzyme solution and tapping lightly, the mixture was reacted at 41 ° C. for 30 minutes.
(4) Detection by nucleic acid chromatography The NASBA product was immediately applied to the sample well on the strip without denaturation treatment, and detection by chromatography was performed. A specific colored line was shown for each of the same target and internal standard RNA as in Example 2.

本発明の核酸の検出あるいは定量方法は、サンドイッチハイブリダイゼーション法による試料中の標的核酸の検出をクロマトグラフィーにて行う事、さらに同時に2種以上の核酸を共検出する事、これにより、増幅及び検出反応の正否を1試験で判定でき且つ定量できる事を大きな特徴としている。従って本発明によれば、サンドイッチハイブリダイゼーション法の煩雑且つ長時間を要する操作を行う事なく、本発明において使用する多孔性メンブレン上に標的核酸から増幅された1本鎖核酸を含む試料や試薬等を展開するだけで、簡易、迅速且つ特異的に試料中の標的核酸の存在を検出あるいは定量する事ができる。また、対照となる共増幅され得る内部標準核酸の発色量との対比を基に標的核酸量を目視判定する事ができる。
また、増幅プライマー、検出プローブ、着色高分子担体、多孔性メンブレン及び展開用吸水性基材をキットとして提供することにより、高度な技術を要することなく簡単に核酸の検出・定量が可能となる。
The nucleic acid detection or quantification method of the present invention is a method of detecting a target nucleic acid in a sample by sandwich hybridization method by chromatography, and simultaneously detecting two or more kinds of nucleic acids at the same time, thereby amplifying and detecting. The main feature is that the correctness of the reaction can be determined and quantified in one test. Therefore, according to the present invention, a sample or reagent containing a single-stranded nucleic acid amplified from a target nucleic acid on the porous membrane used in the present invention without performing a complicated and time-consuming operation of the sandwich hybridization method. Can be detected simply or rapidly and specifically to detect or quantify the presence of the target nucleic acid in the sample. Further, the target nucleic acid amount can be visually determined based on the contrast with the color development amount of the internal standard nucleic acid that can be co-amplified as a control.
In addition, by providing an amplification primer, a detection probe, a colored polymer carrier, a porous membrane, and a water-absorbing substrate for development as a kit, nucleic acid can be easily detected and quantified without requiring a high level technique.

本発明による検出装置の構成例の概略を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline of the structural example of the detection apparatus by this invention. 本発明により、標的核酸を定量検出した場合の判定例を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the example of determination at the time of carrying out quantitative detection of the target nucleic acid by this invention. 本発明の検出装置を用い、実施例の核酸クロマトグラフィーによる核酸増幅産物の特異的検出を示した図である。検体として(A)MRSAの検出:培養菌株由来のtotal RNAを増幅、検出、(B)C. parvumの検出:10オーシスト由来のtotal RNA及び内部標準核酸100分子の合成RNAを増幅、検出したものである。It is the figure which showed the specific detection of the nucleic acid amplification product by the nucleic acid chromatography of an Example using the detection apparatus of this invention. (A) MRSA detection as sample: amplification and detection of total RNA derived from cultured strain, (B) detection of C. parvum: amplification and detection of total RNA derived from 10 oocysts and 100 molecules of internal standard nucleic acid It is.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 標的核酸検出部(捕捉用オリゴヌクレオチド結合部)
2 内部標準核酸検出部(捕捉用オリゴヌクレオチド結合部)
3 メンブレン
4 吸収パッド
5 ラテックス結合オリゴヌクレオチドプローブ塗布パッド
6 展開パッド
1 Target nucleic acid detection part (capture oligonucleotide binding part)
2 Internal standard nucleic acid detection part (capture oligonucleotide binding part)
3 Membrane 4 Absorption pad 5 Latex-bonded oligonucleotide probe coating pad 6 Deployment pad

Claims (8)

試料中の標的となる核酸を特異的に検出又は定量するための方法であって、試料中より任意に抽出された標的核酸からハプテン又はペプチドを結合していないプライマーを用いて1本鎖核酸として増幅する工程、該増幅産物をメンブレンに結合した増幅産物と相補的な第1のオリゴヌクレオチドプローブ及び着色高分子担体で標識した相補的な第2のオリゴヌクレオチドプローブとハイブリダイズさせて検出する工程及び該検出像を目視判定により評価する工程を含む核酸の検出又は定量方法。 A method for specifically detecting or quantifying a target nucleic acid in a sample as a single-stranded nucleic acid using a primer not bound to a hapten or peptide from a target nucleic acid arbitrarily extracted from the sample Amplifying , hybridizing the amplified product with a first oligonucleotide probe complementary to the amplified product bound to the membrane and a complementary second oligonucleotide probe labeled with a colored polymer carrier, and detecting A method for detecting or quantifying a nucleic acid comprising a step of evaluating the detected image by visual judgment. 増幅工程は標的核酸及び標的核酸と競合的に共増幅され得る内部標準核酸の増幅を伴うものである請求項1の方法。 The method of claim 1, wherein the amplification step involves amplification of a target nucleic acid and an internal standard nucleic acid that can be competitively co-amplified with the target nucleic acid. 増幅はNASBA又はTMAにより行う請求項1又は2の方法。   The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amplification is performed by NASBA or TMA. 核酸クロマトグラフィーに基づくアッセイ装置を用いる請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。   The method according to claim 1, wherein an assay device based on nucleic acid chromatography is used. 試料及び着色高分子担体標識オリゴヌクレオチドプローブの展開正否のみならず、核酸増幅反応の正否あるいは核酸抽出操作の偽陰性を判定するため、内部標準核酸として競合的に増幅される1本鎖核酸を共検出する請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 In order to determine the correctness of the nucleic acid amplification reaction or the false negative of the nucleic acid extraction operation as well as whether the sample and the colored polymer carrier-labeled oligonucleotide probe are developed correctly or not, a single-stranded nucleic acid that is competitively amplified is used as an internal standard nucleic acid. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method is detected. 標的核酸と競合的に増幅した既知量の内部標準核酸由来の増幅産物との発色量の対比から、試料中の標的核酸量を目視で判定する事を特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項記載の核酸の定量方法。 6. The target nucleic acid amount in a sample is visually determined from a contrast of a color development amount with a target nucleic acid and an amplification product derived from a known amount of an internal standard nucleic acid competitively amplified. A method for quantifying a nucleic acid according to item 1. 複数の着色高分子担体及び捕捉用ポリヌクレオチドを組み合わせることで、試料中に存在する2種以上の異なる標的核酸を同時に検出あるいは定量する請求項1〜6のいずれか1項記載の核酸の検出又は定量方法。   The nucleic acid detection according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein two or more different target nucleic acids present in a sample are simultaneously detected or quantified by combining a plurality of colored polymer carriers and capture polynucleotides. Quantitation method. 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項の方法の遂行に有用なハプテン又はペプチドを結合していない増幅プライマー、検出プローブ、着色高分子担体、多孔性メンブレン及び展開用吸水性基材を含んでなる標的核酸の検出キット。 An amplification primer not bound to a hapten or peptide useful for performing the method of any one of claims 1 to 7, a detection probe, a colored polymer carrier, a porous membrane, and a water-absorbing substrate for development. Target nucleic acid detection kit.
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