JP4257470B2 - PESTLE, sample processing method and sample processing apparatus - Google Patents

PESTLE, sample processing method and sample processing apparatus Download PDF

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JP4257470B2
JP4257470B2 JP14943299A JP14943299A JP4257470B2 JP 4257470 B2 JP4257470 B2 JP 4257470B2 JP 14943299 A JP14943299 A JP 14943299A JP 14943299 A JP14943299 A JP 14943299A JP 4257470 B2 JP4257470 B2 JP 4257470B2
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pestle
sample
container
sample processing
processing method
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JP2000333669A (en
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楠本  正博
勝徳 池田
西矢  芳昭
川上  文清
川村  良久
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Toyobo Co Ltd
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Toyobo Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はペッスル、試料加工装置および試料加工方法に関し、詳しくは、動物および植物などに由来する生体試料などを容器内で効率よく微細加工し、撹拌均質化するために用いるペッスル、およびこのペッスルを用いた試料加工方法ならびにホモジナイザーのような試料加工装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
主として医学および生物学などに関連する分野において、動物および植物などに由来する生体試料を微細加工し均質化する、すなわちホモジナイズするための試料加工装置として、例えば、ホモジナイザーが使用されている。現在までにホモジナイザーを用いて種々の試料加工方法が提供されているが、比較的少量あるいは多数の生体試料を均質化する場合においては、有底形の容器内で図6(a)に模式的に示す加工手段(例えば、ペッスル)を運動させて加工する方法が一般的である。
【0003】
すなわち、従来の代表的な試料加工方法は、図6(a)に示すような先細り状の先端部1aを有する樹脂製のペッスル1を使用し、図6(b)〜(c)に示すように、遠心チューブ等の容器2内にある被加工溶液5中の試料4をペッスル1の長軸芯3周りに回転または長軸芯3方向の上下の往復動により加工する方法である。この試料加工方法は、使用する有底形の容器2およびペッスル1の形状が比較的単純であるため、その素材(例えば、ポリプロピレン樹脂)を工夫することによって、他の試料加工方法に比べコストを低く抑えることが可能であり、使い捨ての要求にも十分に対応し得る点で有利である。
【0004】
しかしながら、試料が硬い場合あるいは凍結状態である場合には、この試料加工方法で良好な均質化の効果を得るために大変な労力が必要であり、手動で上記したような試料加工方法の実施は困難であった。
【0005】
ー方、このような試料加工方法を自動的に行うようにすると、労力の問題は解決されるが、良好な均質化の効果を得るためには比較的高い回転数でペッスルを回転する必要がある。高速回転をすると、試料が少なくとも局部的に高温に加熱されるため、温度に敏感な生体試料は変質あるいは損傷するおそれがあり、効率的に均質化することは困難であった。
【0006】
そこで試料を効率的に均質化する装置として、ペッスルのような加工体の先端部を容器に底部近傍の形状にならわせると共に、加工体の側部表面に粗面部(溝部)を形成することにより、比較的柔らかい植物などから比較的硬い動物の臓器などに至るまでの試料を加工し得る装置が提案された(特開昭63−112974号公報)。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、この装置では動物の臓器よりさらに硬いイネなどの植物あるいは凍結状態の臓器などを均質化することは困難であるだけでなく、特に比重の小さな試料を溶液中で加工する場合には、図6(d)に示すように、試料が加工体の側方に逃げ易く、浮き上がったりするため、容器内での加工体の回動運動が有効に機能せず、試料を効率的に均質化することは困難であった。
【0008】
そこで本発明の目的は、上記従来技術の有する問題点に鑑みて、軟質から硬質にいたる広い範囲の動物および植物などに由来する生体試料などを、その比重の大小に関わらず、効率よく微細加工し撹拌均質化できるペッスルおよびこのペッスルを用いた試料加工方法ならびに試料加工装置を提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成するため鋭意研究した結果、有底形の容器内でペッスルを運動させて、この容器内の生体試料を加工する試料加工装置において、前記ペッスルの先端部を複数に割れた形状とすることによって試料を効率的に加工し得ることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。さらに、本発明者らは、前述の新規なペッスルを使用した試料の加工方法および試料加工装置についても検討し、試料を効率的に加工し得る試料加工方法および試料加工装置を見出した。
【0010】
すなわち、本発明にかかるペッスルの特徴構成は、容器内で運動することにより、この容器内の試料を加工可能であって、その先端部が前記試料を挟みつけ可能に、かつ、先端にゆくほど互いが離間するように複数に分割されていることにある。
【0011】
この構成によれば、ペッスルの先端部が複数に割れた形状を有するため、比重の小さな試料であっても容器中で挟みつけて保持することが可能となり、従来技術のように比重の小さい試料が加工体の側方に逃げて浮き上がるといったことを確実に回避できる。しかも、動物の臓器よりさらに硬いイネなどの植物あるいは凍結状態の臓器などに対しても、先端部によって挟みつけることにより、加工し均質化することができる。さらに、この構成によれば、ペッスルを使用するに際して、先端部を容器内部に挿入するに従い、容器底部の形状により強く拘束されるため、試料を挟み付ける力が大きくなって、効率良く試料を破砕して微細加工することができる。従って、本発明のペッスルを試料加工装置に装着して用いることにより、軟質から硬質にいたる広い範囲の動物および植物などに由来する生体試料などを、被加工試料の比重の大小に関わらず、効率よく微細加工し撹拌均質化できる。
ここに、本発明における加工とは、試料を微細化および均質化すること等を意味し、典型的には試料をホモジナイズすることである。本発明においてペッスルとは、前記試料加工装置に用いられて容器内の試料をホモジナイズ等するために使用されるものである。また、本発明において試料加工装置とは、試料、特に生体試料を微細加工し、撹拌均質化、すなわち典型的には試料をホモジナイズするための装置であるホモジナイザー等をいう。
【0012】
前記先端部が、前記容器の形状に拘束されて前記試料を挟みつけ可能に弾性変形し得るようになっていることが好ましい。
【0013】
この構成によれば、先端部が容器の形状に拘束されて弾性変形し得るため、容器内で運動することにより、その先端部に挟まれた試料を効率的に加工して均質化することができる。しかも、先端部が単一の部品構成にてペッスルを作製し得るため、コストを低く抑えることが可能であり、使い捨ての要求にも十分に対応し得て都合がよい。
【0016】
ペッスルが、耐薬品性を備えると共に硬質の略棒状材料から形成されていることが好ましい。
【0017】
この構成によれば、試料が浸漬されている各種薬品の種類に関わらず、加工材料に起因する試料への汚染を確実に回避できて都合がよく、硬質の略棒状材料から形成されているため、試料を均質に加工できると共にペッスルを運動させる駆動方法を単純化でき、加工を機械化し易くて都合がよい。そのような材料としては、各種熱可塑性樹脂などを採用できるが、特にポリプロピレン樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリフッ化エチレン樹脂などが好ましく、とりわけポリプロピレン樹脂は材料コストが低く、使い捨てにする場合などには都合がよい。又、形状は丸棒状であると扱い易くて都合がよいが、角棒状その他の形状でもよく、棒状体の側面に凹あるいは凸状の起伏があってもよい。
【0018】
更に、本発明に係る試料加工方法の特徴構成は、請求項1〜のいずれか記載のペッスルを容器に挿入し、前記ペッスルの長軸方向上下運動と、前記ペッスルの長軸芯周りの回動運動とのいずれか又は双方の動きをすることにより、前記容器内の試料を加工することにある。
【0019】
この構成によれば、容器中の試料を効率的に均質化するために必要なペッスルの運動が、その長軸方向の上下運動と長軸芯周りの回動運動に基づく単純な動作のいずれか又は双方を用いるのみであり、機械化への対応が容易であるため高度に自動化された試料加工方法を安価に提供し得る。しかも、上記したペッスルを用いるので、軟質から硬質にいたる広い範囲の動物および植物などに由来する生体試料などを、その比重の大小に関わらず、効率よく微細加工し撹拌均質化できる試料加工方法を提供することができた。
【0020】
前記ペッスルの長軸芯周りの回動運動が、時計周りと反時計周りのいずれか又は双方の運動であることが好ましい。
【0021】
この構成によれば、ペッスルの動作が単純であるため、自動化、機械化がし易く、特に時計周りと反時計周りの両運動を組み合わせると、容器中の試料を一層均質に攪拌加工することができて都合がよい。
【0022】
試料が収納された前記容器内に前記ペッスルを挿入して運動させて前記試料を加工し、所定時間後前記ペッスルを廃棄し、ついで新たなペッスルで次の容器内の試料を加工後、このペッスルを廃棄することを複数の容器について繰り返すことが好ましい。
【0023】
この構成によれば、多数の試料を確実に加工処理することができ、しかも使用済のペッスルを所定場所に廃棄することができるので、多数の試料であっても試料加工を手際よくできて都合がよく、自動化も容易になし得て都合がよい。
【0024】
前記容器内の試料と共にこの容器内に投入可能な粒径を有するビーズを混在させて加工することが好ましい。
【0025】
この構成によれば、容器中の試料を一層均質かつ迅速に加工できて都合がよい。この場合、ビーズとしては、試料およびその溶液と反応し難い材質のものであればよく、硬質のものであれば一層都合がよい。試料およびその溶液にもよるが、例えば、熱可塑性硬質樹脂、ガラス、セラミック、耐蝕性金属などから製造された微細なビーズを使用できる。
【0026】
更に又、本発明に係る試料加工装置の特徴構成は、請求項1〜のいずれか記載のペッスルと、このペッスルを駆動する駆動手段と、被加工試料を収納する容器の載置部と、を備えることにある。
【0027】
この構成によれば、軟質から硬質にいたる広い範囲の動物および植物などに由来する生体試料などを、その比重の大小に関わらず、自動的、機械的に効率よく微細加工し撹拌均質化できる試料加工装置を提供することができる。しかも、試料を収納する容器への特殊な加工が不要なため市販の使い捨て容器の使用でき、効率的で低コストかつ高い汎用性をもって加工処理が可能になると共に、試料を効率的に均質化するために必要なペッスルの運動は、ペッスルの長軸方向の往復運動および長軸を軸芯とした回動運動に基づく単純な動作を採用できるので、機械化への対応が容易であるため高度に自動化された汎用性の高い試料加工装置を安価に提供し得る。
【0028】
複数のペッスルを載置するペッスル載置部と、使用済のペッスルを廃棄する廃棄部とを更に備えることが好ましい。
【0029】
この構成によれば、ペッスルを運動させる駆動手段を所定方向に移動させる等することにより、ペッスル載置部に配置されたペッスルを駆動手段などによって把持して取り上げて、容器中にペッスルを挿入しつつペッスルを上下あるいは回動運動させると共に、加工終了後はペッスルをその廃棄部に廃棄するようにすることにより一連の加工作業を連続的、自動的に行うことができ、多数の試料であっても、効率良く高能率に試料を加工し均質化することができる。
【0030】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、有底形の容器に収納させた試料を、加工手段の一例であるペッスルを用いてホモジナイズすることを例に挙げて、本実施形態について図面を参照して詳細に説明する。なお、図面において同一または同等の部分については同一の符号を付してある。ここに有底形の容器としては、特に限定されるものではなく、1.5ml程度のマイクロチューブから数100ml程度のカップ状の容器まで広範囲のスケールのものを用いることができる。また、容器の素材や形状に関しても、試料に悪影響を及ぼすことなく、ペッスルが十分に機能し得るものであれば、特に限定されない。
【0031】
図1は、ペッスル10の4つ割りに分割された先端部10a構造を示す。図2(a)〜(c)は4つ割りに分割された形状の先端部10aを有するペッスル10を使用して、容器2内の試料4を加工する過程の一例を模式的に表す。ただし、これらの図面は、本発明の内容を何ら限定するものではない。
【0032】
本実施形態における試料加工方法は、図1に示すペッスル10を使用し、図2に示す容器2内に収納されている溶液5中の試料4を、ペッスル10の長軸方向3を軸とする軸芯周りの時計周りと反時計周りの往復回転または軸方向の上下往復運動により加工する。いずれの運動方式によってもよいが、これら各上下と回転運動を適宜組み合わせることが均質加工する上で一層好ましい。
【0033】
この方法ではペッスル10の先端部10aの形状により、図2(a)に示す状態から図2(b)に示す状態となるため、比重の小さな試料を加工する場合であっても、加工条件下すなわち被加工溶液5中に試料を挟みつけ保持し得る。さらに、ペッスル10の先端部10aは先端ほど互いの離間距離が幾分大きくなるようになっているので、容器2の先端の先細り形状による拘束を受けて、容器2の形状に合わせて変形し得て、図2(b)に示す状態から図2(c)に示す状態となり、先端部10aの変形により先端部に挟まれた試料を効率的に均質化し得る。
【0034】
このようにペッスル10の先端部10aは容器2の形状に沿って変形し得るため、ペッスル10の長軸方向3の往復(上下運動)を適宜繰り返すことにより、先端部10aの形状を連続的に変化させ、従来の試料加工方法に比べて効率的に試料4を均質化し得る。また、このペッスル10を、上記したように、その長軸方向3を軸芯としてその周りに適宜回動させることにより、試料4が均質化される系を撹拌し得る。
【0035】
本実施形態において被加工溶液5中に試料4および任意の粒径を有する硬質樹脂製などのビ−ズを適量混在させることが好ましい。このようにすることにより、複数に分割された先端部10aを有するペッスル10を上述のように運動させると、さらに迅速かつ好適に試料4を加工すなわち均質化し得る。
【0036】
次に、前記ペッスル10を装着した試料加工装置の一例であるホモジナイザーAを、図3を用いて説明する。
【0037】
このホモジナイザーAは、側面視略L字形をしたハウジング11を備えていて、このハウジング11は載置台部11aと、ペッスル10を駆動する駆動手段12を移動可能に支持する背面部11bとからなっている。載置台部11aは、前後方向に移動可能な可動テーブル16を備えていて、この可動テーブル16上に、多数のペッスル10を収納して載置する加工手段載置部であるペッスル載置部13と、試料を入れる多数の容器2を収納して載置する容器載置部14と、使用済のペッスルを廃棄するペッスル廃棄部15とが載置されており、これらは可動テーブル16の移動に伴い矢印Yで示すように前後に移動されるようになっている。そして、ペッスル10と容器2を夫々れ同数用意しておき、1の試料に対しては1のペッスル10を使用するようにし、使用が終了すれば、ペッスル10を廃棄部に投棄するようにしている。
【0038】
次に、駆動手段12の移動について図4を参照して説明する。この駆動手段12は、その先端12aを上下方向(Z方向)に移動可能に構成していると共に、先端12aをその軸芯周りに左右いずれの方向(時計、反時計方向)にも回動可能にする交流モータ(図示略)などを内蔵しており、ハウジング11の背面部11bの全面側に形成されたレール17に沿ってX方向に移動可能になっている。そして、ペッスル載置部13のペッスル10をピックアツプした後、このペッスル10を容器2内に挿入し、容器2内の試料を所定時間加工する。加工終了するとペッスル10を容器2から引上げ、更に移動して使用済のペッスル10をペッスル廃棄部15に投棄する。この動作を多数のペッスル10について繰り返す。
【0039】
すなわち、図4(a)は、ペッスル載置部13に2列に配列されたペッスル10の内、最前列左側のペッスル10を駆動手段12の先端12aがピックアップした状態を示す。図4(b)は、ピックアップされたペッスル10を容器載置部14の最前列左側の容器2に挿入すると共に、駆動手段12の先端12aを上下方向および先端12aの軸芯周りを時計方向と反時計方向に交互に回動させと試料を加工し均質化する状態を示す。各方向での移動は、適宜定めた時間、間欠的あるいは連続的に組み合わせて行うことが好ましい。所定時間の加工処理が終了すると、駆動手段12はペッスル10を容器2から引上げ、更にX方向に移動して使用済のペッスル10をペッスル廃棄部15に投棄する(図4(c))。
【0040】
そして、駆動手段12が次のペッスル10をピックアップするため、前記X方向を逆に移動して次のペッスル10の配置されている直上位置に達する。同列のペッスル10がなくなれば、駆動手段12のX方向移動と同期して可動テーブル16が前方に移動し、ペッスル載置部13のペッスル10直上に達するようになる。
【0041】
この動作を繰り返し、最終的に図4(d)〜(f)の順に従い、ペッスル載置部13のペッスル10を全て消費して、ホモジナイザーAに配置した全ての試料の加工が終了する。
【0042】
図4で、駆動手段12の先端12aによりペッスル10を順次ピックアップすると共に、試料を加工後はペッスル10廃棄したが、これは駆動手段12の先端12aが円筒状になっていて、ペッスル10の上部を挟持してピックアツプできるように構成されている。駆動手段12の先端12aによるペッスル10の挟持方式としては、種々の機構が考えられ特に限定されるものではないが、例えば次のようにしてもよい。すなわち、ペッスル10の長さ方向中間位置に突起を形成しておき、一方これに嵌合する凹部を先端12aの内部に形成して、駆動手段12の先端12aをペッスル載置部13のペッスル10の直上に位置決めすると共に、先端12aをペッスル10の軸を覆うようにして降下させ、ペッスル10の突起と先端12aの内部の凹部とを弾性嵌合させる。この状態で駆動手段12の先端12aを引き上げることにより、ペッスル10をピックアップすることができる。そして、ピックアップしたペッスル10をペッスル廃棄部15に投棄する場合は、駆動手段12の先端12a内上部に待機させた棒状物(図示略)を先端12aの内筒に沿って降下させることにより、強制的にペッスル10をペッスル廃棄部15に押し落とすようにすることができる。
【0043】
駆動手段12およびその先端12aの動作、可動テーブル16の動作などは、図外の制御機構、例えばパソコンを介して、作業者がキーボードなどの入力手段から入力指示することによって行うことができるし、所定の作業手順を予めプログラムしておき、入力動作によって一連の作業を実施、完了するように自動化することもできる。
【0044】
尚、ホモジナイザーAを作動する際には、周囲環境からの汚染を防止するため、カバーをかけることが好ましいが、図3にはカバーを省略してある。もとより、所定能力を有するクリーンルーム内で作動させる場合などではカバーは不要である。又、ペッスルは、消費されるに従い自動あるいは手動的に補充されるように構成してもよい。
【0045】
【実施例】
本実施形態に係るペッスルと従来技術のペッスルを用いてホモジナイズした結果を、夫々図5(a),(b)に示す。用いた試料はラットの肝臓約50mgであり、これを容器内に投入し、この試料に対して夫々のペッスルを約2分間、上下および時計、反時計周りの回動運動させたものである。この回動運動は、150rpmで行った。図5より、従来技術のペッスルを用いた場合(b)、大きな破砕片が残存し、不均質な加工がされているのに対して、本実施形態のペッスルを用いた場合(a)は、十分に均質化されていることがわかる。
【0046】
〔別実施の形態〕
(1) 本発明に適用できる試料としては、典型的には動物および植物などに由来する細胞などの生体試料、組織片などがあり、かかる試料から核酸、更にはDNAを抽出したりする用途に用いられるが、もとより本発明の用途はこれに限定されるものではなく、その他、食品中の病原菌検査、各種組織検査などにも使用できる。
【0047】
(2) ペッスル10の先端部10aの形状として上記実施形態では、4つ割りになっている例を挙げたが、これ以外に、2つ割りでもよく、それ以上に分割した形状であってもよい。
【0048】
(3) 本発明が適用し得る容器については、遠心チューブに限定されるものではなく、各種容器を用いることができ、蓋付の容器を用いてもよい。
【0049】
(4) 試料加工装置のホモジナイザーAとして、上記実施形態では、多数の試料を自動的に次々と加工し得る連続加工可能な装置を例に挙げたが、もとより手動式に試料容器を装置内に配置して、個別に行うものでもよく、その形式に限定されるものではない。そして、試料加工装置内に配置されるペッスルの数、容器の数などは、任意に増減してもよく、その数は図示したものに限定されない。
【0050】
【発明の効果】
以上、本発明によれば、軟質から硬質にいたる広い範囲の動物および植物などに由来する生体試料などを、その比重の大小に関わらず、効率よく微細加工し撹拌均質化でき、しかも安価に試料を加工し得る加工手段およびこの加工手段を用いた試料加工方法ならびに試料加工装置を提供することができた。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明における加工手段の一例を示す斜視図
【図2】本発明における加工手段を用いた試料加工方法を説明する図
【図3】本発明に係る試料加工装置の概略全体斜視図
【図4】図3の試料加工装置による試料加工過程を説明する斜視図
【図5】本発明の実施例の効果を説明する図
【図6】従来の加工手段とこれを用いた試料加工方法を説明する図
【符号の説明】
2 容器
3 長軸芯
4 試料
10 加工手段
10a 先端部
12 駆動手段
13 加工手段載置部
14 容器載置部
15 廃棄部
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention pestle relates sample processing apparatus and sample processing method, and more particularly, to such a biological sample derived from such animals and plants efficiently microfabricated vessel, used to stir homogenizing pestle, and the pestle The present invention relates to a sample processing method and a sample processing apparatus such as a homogenizer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a field mainly related to medicine and biology, for example, a homogenizer is used as a sample processing apparatus for finely processing and homogenizing biological samples derived from animals and plants, that is, homogenizing. Various sample processing methods using a homogenizer have been provided so far, but in the case of homogenizing a relatively small amount or a large number of biological samples, it is schematically shown in FIG. 6 (a) in a bottomed container. In general, a processing method (for example, a pestle) shown in FIG.
[0003]
That is, a typical representative sample processing method uses a resin pestle 1 having a tapered tip end portion 1a as shown in FIG. 6A, as shown in FIGS. 6B to 6C. Further, the sample 4 in the processing solution 5 in the container 2 such as a centrifuge tube is processed by rotating around the long axis 3 of the pestle 1 or by reciprocating up and down in the direction of the long axis 3. In this sample processing method, since the shapes of the bottomed container 2 and the pestle 1 to be used are relatively simple, by devising the material (for example, polypropylene resin), the cost can be reduced compared to other sample processing methods. This is advantageous in that it can be kept low and can sufficiently meet the demand for single use.
[0004]
However, when the sample is hard or in a frozen state, a great effort is required to obtain a good homogenization effect with this sample processing method. It was difficult.
[0005]
-On the other hand, if such a sample processing method is automatically performed, the problem of labor is solved, but in order to obtain a good homogenization effect, it is necessary to rotate the pestle at a relatively high rotational speed. is there. When the sample is rotated at a high speed, the sample is heated at least locally to a high temperature. Therefore, the temperature-sensitive biological sample may be altered or damaged, and it is difficult to homogenize it efficiently.
[0006]
Therefore, as a device for efficiently homogenizing the sample, the tip of the processed body such as a pestle is made to conform to the shape near the bottom of the container, and a rough surface portion (groove) is formed on the side surface of the processed body. Proposed an apparatus capable of processing samples ranging from relatively soft plants to relatively hard animal organs (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-112974).
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, this device not only makes it difficult to homogenize plants such as rice, which are harder than animal organs, or frozen organs, but also when processing samples with small specific gravity in solution. As shown in FIG. 6 (d), since the sample easily escapes to the side of the workpiece and floats up, the rotating motion of the workpiece in the container does not function effectively, and the sample is efficiently homogenized. It was difficult.
[0008]
Therefore, in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to efficiently finely process biological samples derived from animals and plants in a wide range from soft to hard regardless of the specific gravity. Another object of the present invention is to provide a pestle that can be stirred and homogenized, a sample processing method and a sample processing apparatus using the pestle .
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have made intensive studies for achieving the above object, by movement of the pestle bottomed shaped vessel, in a sample processing apparatus for processing a biological sample in the container, the distal end portion of said pestle The inventors have found that a sample can be efficiently processed by forming a plurality of cracked shapes, and the present invention has been completed. Furthermore, the present inventors also examined a sample processing method and a sample processing apparatus using the above-described novel pestle , and found a sample processing method and a sample processing apparatus that can efficiently process a sample.
[0010]
That is, the characteristic configuration of the pestle according to the present invention is that the sample in the container can be processed by moving in the container , and the tip of the sample can be sandwiched between the samples. That is, it is divided into a plurality of parts so as to be separated from each other .
[0011]
According to this configuration, since the tip of the pestle has a shape that is broken into a plurality of parts, even a sample with a small specific gravity can be sandwiched and held in a container, and a sample with a small specific gravity as in the prior art. Can surely be avoided by escaping to the side of the workpiece. Moreover, even plants that are harder than animal organs, such as rice or frozen organs, can be processed and homogenized by being sandwiched between the tips. Furthermore, according to this configuration, when the pestle is used, as the tip portion is inserted into the container, it is strongly restrained by the shape of the bottom of the container, so that the force for pinching the sample increases and the sample is efficiently crushed. And can be finely processed. Therefore, by attaching the pestle of the present invention to a sample processing apparatus and using it, biological samples derived from a wide range of animals and plants from soft to hard can be used regardless of the specific gravity of the sample to be processed. well Ru can microfabrication stirred homogenized.
Here, the processing in the present invention means to refine and homogenize a sample, and typically to homogenize the sample. The pestle in the present invention, and is used to homogenize such a sample is to vessel used in the sample processing device. In the present invention, the sample processing apparatus refers to a homogenizer or the like that is an apparatus for finely processing a sample, particularly a biological sample, and stirring and homogenizing, that is, typically homogenizing the sample.
[0012]
It is preferable that the distal end portion is constrained by the shape of the container and can be elastically deformed so as to sandwich the sample.
[0013]
According to this configuration, the tip can be elastically deformed by being constrained by the shape of the container, so that by moving in the container, the sample sandwiched between the tips can be efficiently processed and homogenized. it can. In addition, since the pestle can be manufactured with a single component structure at the tip, the cost can be kept low, and it is convenient that it can sufficiently meet the demand for single use.
[0016]
The pestle is preferably made of a substantially rod-like material that has chemical resistance and is hard.
[0017]
According to this configuration, regardless of the type of various chemicals in which the sample is immersed, it is convenient to reliably avoid contamination of the sample due to the processed material, and it is formed from a hard substantially rod-shaped material. The sample can be processed homogeneously, and the driving method for moving the pestle can be simplified. As such materials, various thermoplastic resins and the like can be adopted, but polypropylene resins, polyamide resins, polyester resins, polyethylene resins, polyfluorinated ethylene resins and the like are particularly preferable. Especially, polypropylene resins have a low material cost and are made disposable. It is convenient in some cases. In addition, it is convenient that the shape is a round bar, but it may be a square bar or other shapes, and the side surface of the bar may have a concave or convex undulation.
[0018]
Furthermore, the characteristic configuration of the sample processing method according to the present invention is that the pestle according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is inserted into a container, the vertical movement of the pestle in the longitudinal direction, and the rotation around the longitudinal axis of the pestle. It is to process the sample in the container by moving either or both of the dynamic motions.
[0019]
According to this configuration, the movement of the pestle required to efficiently homogenize the sample in the container is either a simple movement based on the vertical movement in the long axis direction or the rotation movement around the long axis. Alternatively, only both of them are used, and since it is easy to cope with mechanization, a highly automated sample processing method can be provided at low cost. Moreover, since the pestle described above is used, a sample processing method that can efficiently finely process and homogenize biological samples derived from animals and plants in a wide range from soft to hard regardless of their specific gravity. Could be provided.
[0020]
It is preferable that the rotational movement around the long axis of the pestle is either clockwise or counterclockwise or both.
[0021]
According to this configuration, since the movement of the pestle is simple, it is easy to automate and mechanize. Especially, when both clockwise and counterclockwise movements are combined, the sample in the container can be stirred more uniformly. Convenient.
[0022]
Samples are exercised by inserting the pestle in the housing has been said container processing the sample, discard the predetermined time after the pestle, then after processing the sample in the next container with fresh pestle, the pestle Is preferably repeated for a plurality of containers.
[0023]
According to this configuration, a large number of samples can be reliably processed, and a used pestle can be disposed of at a predetermined location, so that even a large number of samples can be processed easily and conveniently. It is convenient because it can be easily automated.
[0024]
It is preferable to process the sample in the container together with beads having a particle size that can be charged into the container.
[0025]
According to this configuration, it is convenient that the sample in the container can be processed more uniformly and rapidly. In this case, the beads need only be made of a material that does not easily react with the sample and its solution, and are more convenient if they are hard. Although it depends on the sample and its solution, for example, fine beads produced from a thermoplastic hard resin, glass, ceramic, corrosion-resistant metal or the like can be used.
[0026]
Furthermore, the characteristic configuration of the sample processing apparatus according to the present invention includes a pestle according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , a driving means for driving the pestle , a mounting portion for a container for storing a sample to be processed, It is in having.
[0027]
According to this configuration, a sample that can automatically and mechanically finely process and homogenize biological samples derived from a wide range of animals and plants from soft to hard, regardless of the specific gravity, efficiently and mechanically. A processing apparatus can be provided. In addition, since no special processing is required for the container for storing the sample, a commercially available disposable container can be used, processing can be performed efficiently, at low cost and with high versatility, and the sample can be homogenized efficiently. The movement of the pestle required for this purpose is highly automated because it can be easily adapted to mechanization because it can adopt simple movements based on the reciprocating movement of the pestle in the long axis direction and the rotational movement around the long axis. The highly versatile sample processing apparatus can be provided at low cost.
[0028]
It is preferable to further include a pestle placement part for placing a plurality of pestles and a disposal part for discarding the used pestle .
[0029]
According to this configuration, by such moving the drive means for moving the pestle in a predetermined direction, taken up by grasping the like pestle placing driving means arranged Pestle in part, insert the pestle into the container While the pestle is moved up and down or pivoted while the processing is completed, the pestle is discarded in its disposal part, so that a series of processing operations can be performed continuously and automatically. However, the sample can be processed and homogenized efficiently and efficiently.
[0030]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, this embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, taking as an example the homogenization of a sample stored in a bottomed container using a pestle which is an example of processing means. In the drawings, the same or equivalent parts are denoted by the same reference numerals. Here, the bottomed container is not particularly limited, and can have a wide range of scales from a microtube of about 1.5 ml to a cup-shaped container of about several hundred ml. Further, the material and shape of the container are not particularly limited as long as the pestle can function sufficiently without adversely affecting the sample.
[0031]
FIG. 1 shows the structure of the tip portion 10a divided into four parts of the pestle 10. 2A to 2C schematically show an example of a process of processing the sample 4 in the container 2 using the pestle 10 having the tip portion 10a having a shape divided into four parts. However, these drawings do not limit the contents of the present invention.
[0032]
The sample processing method in the present embodiment uses the pestle 10 shown in FIG. 1, and the sample 4 in the solution 5 stored in the container 2 shown in FIG. 2 is centered on the major axis direction 3 of the pestle 10. Machining is performed by reciprocating rotation around the shaft core in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions or up and down reciprocating motion in the axial direction. Any type of motion may be used, but it is more preferable to appropriately combine these vertical and rotational motions for homogeneous processing.
[0033]
In this method, the state shown in FIG. 2A changes from the state shown in FIG. 2A to the state shown in FIG. 2B depending on the shape of the tip 10a of the pestle 10, so that even when processing a sample having a small specific gravity, That is, the sample can be sandwiched and held in the processing solution 5. Furthermore, since the distal end portion 10a of the pestle 10 has a somewhat larger distance from each other toward the distal end, it can be deformed in accordance with the shape of the container 2 under the constraint of the tapered shape of the distal end of the container 2. Thus, the state shown in FIG. 2B is changed to the state shown in FIG. 2C, and the sample sandwiched between the tip portions can be efficiently homogenized by deformation of the tip portion 10a.
[0034]
As described above, the distal end portion 10a of the pestle 10 can be deformed along the shape of the container 2. Therefore, the shape of the distal end portion 10a is continuously changed by appropriately repeating reciprocation (vertical movement) of the pestle 10 in the long axis direction 3. As a result, the sample 4 can be homogenized more efficiently than the conventional sample processing method. Further, as described above, the system in which the sample 4 is homogenized can be agitated by appropriately rotating the pestle 10 around the long axis direction 3 as an axis.
[0035]
In the present embodiment, it is preferable to mix an appropriate amount of the sample 4 and a bead made of a hard resin having an arbitrary particle diameter in the processing solution 5. In this way, when the pestle 10 having the tip portion 10a divided into a plurality of parts is moved as described above, the sample 4 can be processed, that is, homogenized more quickly and suitably.
[0036]
Next, a homogenizer A which is an example of a sample processing apparatus equipped with the pestle 10 will be described with reference to FIG.
[0037]
The homogenizer A includes a housing 11 having a substantially L shape when viewed from the side. The housing 11 includes a mounting table portion 11a and a back surface portion 11b that movably supports driving means 12 that drives the pestle 10. Yes. The mounting table portion 11 a includes a movable table 16 that can move in the front-rear direction, and a pestle mounting portion 13 that is a processing means mounting portion that houses and mounts a large number of pestles 10 on the movable table 16. And a container placement unit 14 for storing and placing a large number of containers 2 for storing samples, and a pestle disposal unit 15 for discarding used pestle, which are used to move the movable table 16. Along with this, as indicated by the arrow Y, it is moved back and forth. Then, the same number of pestles 10 and containers 2 are prepared, so that one pestle 10 is used for one sample, and when the use is completed, the pestle 10 is dumped in a disposal part. Yes.
[0038]
Next, the movement of the driving means 12 will be described with reference to FIG. The driving means 12 is configured such that its tip 12a can be moved in the vertical direction (Z direction), and the tip 12a can be rotated around its axis in either the left or right direction (clockwise or counterclockwise). An AC motor (not shown) or the like is incorporated, and is movable in the X direction along a rail 17 formed on the entire surface of the back surface portion 11 b of the housing 11. And after picking up the pestle 10 of the pestle mounting part 13, this pestle 10 is inserted in the container 2, and the sample in the container 2 is processed for a predetermined time. When the processing is completed, the pestle 10 is pulled up from the container 2 and further moved to discard the used pestle 10 in the pestle disposal unit 15. This operation is repeated for a large number of pestles 10.
[0039]
4A shows a state in which the front end 12a of the driving means 12 picks up the pestle 10 on the left side of the front row among the pestle 10 arranged in two rows on the pestle mounting portion 13. FIG. 4B shows that the picked-up pestle 10 is inserted into the container 2 on the left side of the frontmost row of the container mounting portion 14, and the front end 12a of the driving means 12 is set up and down and the axis around the front end 12a is set clockwise. The sample is processed and homogenized by rotating it counterclockwise alternately. It is preferable that the movement in each direction is performed in combination with the time determined appropriately, intermittently or continuously. When the processing for a predetermined time is completed, the driving means 12 pulls up the pestle 10 from the container 2, further moves in the X direction, and discards the used pestle 10 in the pestle disposal unit 15 (FIG. 4C).
[0040]
And since the drive means 12 picks up the next pestle 10, it moves to the said X direction reversely and reaches the position immediately above the position where the next pestle 10 is arrange | positioned. When the pestle 10 in the same row disappears, the movable table 16 moves forward in synchronization with the movement of the driving means 12 in the X direction, and reaches just above the pestle 10 of the pestle mounting portion 13.
[0041]
This operation is repeated, and finally, in accordance with the order of FIGS. 4D to 4F, all the pestle 10 of the pestle mounting portion 13 is consumed, and the processing of all the samples arranged in the homogenizer A is completed.
[0042]
In FIG. 4, the pestle 10 is sequentially picked up by the tip 12 a of the driving means 12, and the pestle 10 is discarded after processing the sample. This is because the tip 12 a of the driving means 12 is cylindrical, and the top of the pestle 10 is It is comprised so that pick-up can be carried out by pinching. Various mechanisms are conceivable as a method of holding the pestle 10 by the tip 12a of the driving means 12 and are not particularly limited. For example, the mechanism may be as follows. That is, a protrusion is formed at an intermediate position in the longitudinal direction of the pestle 10, while a concave portion that fits the protrusion is formed inside the distal end 12 a, and the distal end 12 a of the driving means 12 is connected to the pestle 10 of the pestle mounting portion 13. The tip 12a is lowered so as to cover the shaft of the pestle 10, and the projection of the pestle 10 and the recess inside the tip 12a are elastically fitted. In this state, the pestle 10 can be picked up by pulling up the tip 12a of the driving means 12. When the picked-up pestle 10 is dumped into the pestle disposal unit 15, a rod-like object (not shown) waiting at the upper part of the tip 12a of the driving means 12 is lowered along the inner cylinder of the tip 12a to force Thus, the pestle 10 can be pushed down to the pestle disposal section 15.
[0043]
The operation of the drive unit 12 and its tip 12a, the operation of the movable table 16 and the like can be performed by an operator inputting instructions from an input unit such as a keyboard via a control mechanism (not shown) such as a personal computer, A predetermined work procedure can be programmed in advance, and a series of work can be performed and completed by an input operation.
[0044]
When operating the homogenizer A, a cover is preferably applied to prevent contamination from the surrounding environment, but the cover is omitted in FIG. Of course, a cover is not necessary when operating in a clean room having a predetermined capacity. The pestle may be configured to be automatically or manually replenished as it is consumed.
[0045]
【Example】
The results of homogenization using the pestle according to this embodiment and the pestle of the prior art are shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), respectively. The sample used was about 50 mg of rat liver, which was put into a container, and each pestle was rotated up and down, clockwise and counterclockwise for about 2 minutes. This rotational movement was performed at 150 rpm. From FIG. 5, when the conventional pestle is used (b), large crushed pieces remain and are processed inhomogeneously, whereas when the pestle of this embodiment is used (a), It turns out that it is fully homogenized.
[0046]
[Another embodiment]
(1) Samples that can be applied to the present invention typically include biological samples such as cells derived from animals and plants, tissue fragments, and the like for nucleic acid and further DNA extraction from such samples. Although it is used, the application of the present invention is not limited to this, and it can also be used for testing for pathogenic bacteria in foods and various tissue tests.
[0047]
(2) In the above-described embodiment, the shape of the tip portion 10a of the pestle 10 is divided into four parts. However, in addition to this, it may be divided into two parts, or even more than one part. Good.
[0048]
(3) About the container which this invention can apply, it is not limited to a centrifuge tube, Various containers can be used and a container with a lid | cover may be used.
[0049]
(4) As the homogenizer A of the sample processing apparatus, in the above embodiment, an example of an apparatus capable of continuously processing a large number of samples one after another has been given as an example. It may be arranged and performed individually, and is not limited to that form. Further, the number of pestles and the number of containers arranged in the sample processing apparatus may be arbitrarily increased or decreased, and the number is not limited to the illustrated one.
[0050]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, biological samples derived from a wide range of animals and plants ranging from soft to hard can be efficiently fine-processed and stirred and homogenized regardless of their specific gravity, and at low cost. And a sample processing method and a sample processing apparatus using the processing means can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of processing means in the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a sample processing method using the processing means in the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic overall perspective view of a sample processing apparatus according to the present invention. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a sample processing process by the sample processing apparatus of FIG. 3. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the effect of an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a conventional processing means and a sample processing method using the same. Figure explaining symbols [Explanation of symbols]
2 Container 3 Long axis 4 Sample 10 Processing means 10a Tip portion 12 Driving means 13 Processing means placement section 14 Container placement section 15 Disposal section

Claims (9)

容器内で運動することにより、この容器内の試料を加工可能なペッスルであって、その先端部が前記試料を挟みつけ可能に、かつ、先端にゆくほど互いが離間するように複数に分割されていることを特徴とするペッスルA pestle that can process the sample in the container by moving in the container, and the tip of the pestle is divided into a plurality of parts so that the sample can be sandwiched and the distance from each other becomes closer to the tip. A pestle characterized by 前記先端部が、前記容器の形状に拘束されて前記試料を挟みつけ可能に弾性変形し得る請求項1記載のペッスル2. The pestle according to claim 1, wherein the tip portion can be elastically deformed so as to be restrained by the shape of the container and to sandwich the sample. 耐薬品性を備えると共に硬質の略棒状材料から形成されている請求項1又は2に記載のペッスルThe pestle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pestle has chemical resistance and is made of a hard substantially rod-like material. 請求項1〜のいずれか記載のペッスルを容器に挿入し、前記ペッスルの長軸方向上下運動と、前記ペッスルの長軸芯周りの回動運動とのいずれか又は双方の動きをすることにより、前記容器内の試料を加工する試料加工方法。By inserting the pestle according to any one of claims 1 to 3 into a container and performing either or both of the longitudinal movement of the pestle in the longitudinal direction and the rotational movement around the longitudinal axis of the pestle. A sample processing method for processing a sample in the container. 前記ペッスルの長軸芯周りの回動運動が、時計周りと反時計周りのいずれか又は双方の運動である請求項記載の試料加工方法。The sample processing method according to claim 4, wherein the rotational movement around the major axis of the pestle is either clockwise or counterclockwise or both. 試料が収納された前記容器内に前記ペッスルを挿入して運動させて前記試料を加工し、所定時間後前記ペッスルを廃棄し、ついで新たなペッスルで次の容器内の試料を加工後、このペッスルを廃棄することを複数の容器について繰り返す請求項又は記載の試料加工方法。Sample is exercised by inserting the pestle in the housing has been said container processing the sample, discard the predetermined time after the pestle, then after processing the sample in the next container with fresh pestle, the pestle according to claim 4 or 5 sample processing method according repeated for a plurality of containers to be disposed of. 前記容器内の試料と共にこの容器内に投入可能な粒径を有するビーズを混在させて加工する請求項のいずれか記載の試料加工方法。The sample processing method according to any one of claims 4 to 6 , wherein beads having a particle diameter that can be charged into the container are mixed together with the sample in the container. 請求項1〜のいずれか記載のペッスルと、このペッスルを駆動する駆動手段と、被加工試料を収納する容器の載置部と、を備える試料加工装置。A sample processing apparatus comprising: the pestle according to any one of claims 1 to 3 ; drive means for driving the pestle; and a placing portion for a container for storing a sample to be processed. 複数のペッスルを載置するペッスル載置部と、使用済のペッスルを廃棄する廃棄部とを更に備える請求項の試料加工装置。The sample processing apparatus according to claim 8 , further comprising: a pestle placement portion for placing a plurality of pestle; and a disposal portion for discarding the used pestle .
JP14943299A 1999-05-28 1999-05-28 PESTLE, sample processing method and sample processing apparatus Expired - Fee Related JP4257470B2 (en)

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US8216528B2 (en) 2005-09-29 2012-07-10 Sysmex Corporation Sample preparation kit, sample preparation container, and sample processing device
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