JP4256802B2 - 感作ラテックス及び免疫学的測定法 - Google Patents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Activated Sludge Processes (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Description
木村龍介ら、土壌微生物実験法、207-214頁(1992)
ニトロスピラ モスコビエンシスを表1の培地で培養した。この株はドイツ・ハンブルグ大学 エバ スピーク博士(Universitat Hamburg、 Dr. Eva Spieck)から分与された(非特許文献2参照)。培養は3段階(100mLスケールの種培養、1Lスケールの中間培養、4Lスケールの最終培養)に分けて行い、いずれの段階も培養温度は37℃、培養期間は7〜10日間とした。
Ehrich S., D.Behrens,E.Lebedeva, W.Ludwig, and E.Bock. (1995) A new obligately chemolitoautotrophic, nitrite-oxidizing bacterium, Nitrospira moscoviensis sp. nov. and its phylogenetic relationship. Arch. microbiol. 164: pp 16-23.
KBL:Jw(日本白色種)ウサギを2羽使用した。抗原の投与量は1回あたり0.5mLとし、7〜10日毎に耳静脈から注射した。免疫中のウサギから試験的に血清を採取し、ニトロスピラ モスコヴィエンシスDSM10035株に対する抗体価の上昇度を酵素結合免疫測定法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay、ELISA法)ELISA法により調べた。具体的には、炭酸・重炭酸緩衝液で吸光度(A660nm)=0.05に調整した抗原を96穴プレートに1ウェルあたり100μL分注し、4.0℃で16時間吸着させた。洗浄液(0.05%Triton-X100を含むPBS(−))で各ウェルを洗浄後、ブロッキング液(1.0%BSAを含む炭酸・重炭酸緩衝液)を120μL/ウェル添加し、37℃で1時間反応させた。ウェルを洗浄した後、0.05%Triton-X100、1.0%BSAを含むPBS(−)で段階希釈した血清を1ウェルあたり90μL加え、37℃で1.5時間反応させた。ウェルの洗浄後、ペルオキシターゼ標識2次抗体(抗ウサギ免疫グロブリンG(IgG)−ヒツジIgG)を100μL/ウェル添加し、遮光してさらに37℃、1.5時間反応させた。反応終了後、洗浄したウェルに過酸化水素をふくむO−フェニレンジアミンの加クエン酸緩衝液を100μL/ウェル添加し、遮光して37℃で10分放置し、発色させた。2.5M硫酸を50μL/ウェル添加し反応を停止させた後、492nmの吸光度(A660nm)を測定した。なお抗体価は、A492nmの発色強度が0.5を示す血清の希釈倍率の逆数で示した。抗体価の上昇が認められない場合に、心臓から全採血を行った。56℃で不活化し、ニトロスピラ属の細菌に対応する抗血清とした。
プロテインGを結合したアフィニティークロマト(Mab TrapGキット アマシャム・ファルマシア製)により抗血清からIgGを分画した。この精製IgGを抗ニトロスピラ抗体とし、以下の実験に用いた。
抗ニトロスピラ抗体と表2に示す各細菌との交差反応性をELISA法により調べた。交差反応性は、抗ニトロスピラ抗体のニトロスピラ モスコヴィエンシス (DSM10035株)に対する抗体価(ELISA法を応用した呈色反応による吸光度(OD492=0.5)を示す希釈倍率の逆数)を100%とした場合の、当該抗体と各菌体との交差反応性を%で示した。
ニトロスピラ用ラテックス試薬の検出感度を高めるため、ラテックス粒子に感作させるタンパク質量およびラテックス粒子の粒径を最適化した。抗体感作ラテックス試薬の調製は、公知の特許文献2に記載した方法に準じて行った。
既知菌数のホルマリン固定済みニトロスピラ モスコヴィエンシス(DSM10035株)を保存溶液を用いて2の階乗希釈した。各希釈液50μLを96ウェルUVプレート(SJ103-20 三光純薬株式会社)に分注した後、種々の濃度の抗体を感作させた高比重ラテックス試薬を等量添加した。混合液が飛び散らない程度の強さで十分攪拌した後、室温で4.0時間反応させ、検出可能な最少菌量を求めた。この試験を、表4に示す各粒径について実施し、検出感度の最も高い粒径と抗体タンパク質感作濃度を調べた。
本発明に係る免疫学的測定法の有効性を確認するために、逆受身ラテックス凝集法により、活性汚泥中のニトロスピラ属の細菌を検出・定量した。
Amann R. (1995) In situ identification of micro-organisms by whole cell hybridization with rRNA-targeted nucleic acid probes ; Molecular Microbial Ecology Manual 3.3.6 : pp 1-15.
荒木 信夫, 大橋 晶良, 原田 秀樹, Izarul Machdar (1999) FISH法を適用した生物膜内硝化細菌の菌数計測と空間分布の観察 ; 水環境学会誌 22 : (2) pp152-159.
下水処理施設(10施設)の硝化反応タンクについてニトロスピラ属細菌数と処理水中のケルダール態窒素量の関係を求めた。試料数は、春、夏、秋および冬について各施設1試料ずつ採取し、計40試料を解析した。その結果、図3に示す通り、ニトロスピラ属細菌数が107cells/mL以上保持されている反応タンクでは、90%以上のケルダール態窒素が除去されていることが明らかとなった。また、106〜107cells/mlの菌数が保持されているタンクでは、約9割のタンクで80%以上のケルダール態窒素が除去されていた。
硝化率(%) =(流入水のケルダール態窒素濃度 − 処理水のケルダール態窒素濃度)/(流入水のケルダール態窒素濃度)×100
よって、以上の結果から、ニトロスピラ属の細菌数が106cells/mL以上、更に好ましくは107cells/ml以上となるよう、硝化反応タンクの運転条件を調整すれば、80%以上の硝化率を維持できると考えられた。
SRTN≧1/μN −(式1)
SRTN:硝化細菌を反応タンク系内に維持するために必要な固形物滞留時間(SRT)(d)
μN :硝化細菌の比増殖速度
Claims (2)
- 亜硝酸酸化活性を有するニトロスピラ属細菌に特異的な抗体を比重が略1.5g/mlで平均粒径が1.0〜1.5μmのラテックス粒子に吸着させたことを特徴とするニトロスピラ属に属する細菌の測定用抗体感作ラテックス。
- 請求項1に記載の抗体感作ラテックスと被検試料とを混合し、予め定められた時間静置した後、個々のラテックス粒子同士が凝集したことを示す凝集像の発生の有無を確認することを特徴とする免疫学的測定法。
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