JP4255652B2 - Solid bonding method - Google Patents

Solid bonding method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4255652B2
JP4255652B2 JP2002181748A JP2002181748A JP4255652B2 JP 4255652 B2 JP4255652 B2 JP 4255652B2 JP 2002181748 A JP2002181748 A JP 2002181748A JP 2002181748 A JP2002181748 A JP 2002181748A JP 4255652 B2 JP4255652 B2 JP 4255652B2
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fine particles
metal fine
joined
joining
bonding
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JP2004025196A (en
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勝弥 奥村
勇蔵 桜田
一寿 高橋
裕二 川上
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Octec Inc
Ulvac Inc
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Octec Inc
Ulvac Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
    • H01L24/74—Apparatus for manufacturing arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies
    • H01L24/75—Apparatus for connecting with bump connectors or layer connectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/28—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors prior to the connecting process
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    • H01L2224/29099—Material
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    • H01L2224/29298—Fillers
    • H01L2224/29299—Base material
    • H01L2224/293—Base material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron [B], silicon [Si], germanium [Ge], arsenic [As], antimony [Sb], tellurium [Te] and polonium [Po], and alloys thereof
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    • H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/28—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors prior to the connecting process
    • H01L2224/29—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual layer connector
    • H01L2224/29001—Core members of the layer connector
    • H01L2224/29099—Material
    • H01L2224/29198—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a combination of two or more materials in the form of a matrix with a filler, i.e. being a hybrid material, e.g. segmented structures, foams
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    • H01L2224/29338—Base material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron [B], silicon [Si], germanium [Ge], arsenic [As], antimony [Sb], tellurium [Te] and polonium [Po], and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of greater than or equal to 950°C and less than 1550°C
    • H01L2224/29344—Gold [Au] as principal constituent
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    • H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/28—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors prior to the connecting process
    • H01L2224/29—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual layer connector
    • H01L2224/29001—Core members of the layer connector
    • H01L2224/29099—Material
    • H01L2224/29198—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a combination of two or more materials in the form of a matrix with a filler, i.e. being a hybrid material, e.g. segmented structures, foams
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    • H01L2224/293—Base material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron [B], silicon [Si], germanium [Ge], arsenic [As], antimony [Sb], tellurium [Te] and polonium [Po], and alloys thereof
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    • H01L2224/80—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
    • H01L2224/83—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a layer connector
    • H01L2224/838—Bonding techniques
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Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、金属と金属あるいは金属とセラミックス等の固体同士を接合する固体接合方法に係り、特に被接合部材の少なくとも一方の被接合部材の接合部に金属微粒子を島状に付着させ、各被接合部材を相互に接合する固体接合方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、金属同士あるいは金属とセラミックス、金属とガラスなどの固体同士を接合する場合、低融点のはんだやインジウムなどの接合材料を溶融して接合するのが一般的である。
【０００３】
この場合、特に低融点のはんだやインジウムなどが被接合部材に濡れない場合は、濡れ性を高めるため、フラックスを使用したり、あるいははんだやインジウムなどの接合部の表面にスパッタリングやメッキなどで予め被膜を形成しておく必要がある。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、このような被膜を形成する際には、接合に必要な部分以外にも被膜が形成され不必要な部分にもはんだや接合材が付着することがある。
【０００５】
これに対し、マスクを使用することによって接合に必要な部分にだけ被膜を形成することも可能であるが、接合する領域が複雑である場合には、高価なマスクが必要となる。
【０００６】
また、従来技術として、本発明と同じガス中蒸発法で生成した微粒子を接合面に膜状に吹き付ける技術が提案されているが（特開平６−１６９１６１号公報参照）、この方法では、接合面に金属間化合物を形成するという欠点がある。
【０００７】
このような点に鑑み、近年、はんだやインジウム等の接合材を使用しない固体接合方法として、例えば超平滑面を形成して低温、低圧力で直接接合する技術が提案されているが、この方法では、高度な表面加工技術が要求され、高価なものとなる。
【０００８】
本発明は、このような従来の技術の課題を解決するためになされたもので、はんだやインジウム等の接合材を使用することなく、比較的簡易な表面加工でも低温、低圧力で強固な接合が可能な固体接合方法を提供することを目的とする。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するためになされた請求項１記載の発明は、粒径もしくはその集合体の厚さが１ｎｍ〜１０ｎｍである金属微粒子を、表面粗さが前記金属微粒子の粒径もしくはその集合体の厚さより小さい一対の被接合部材の少なくとも一方の接合部分に島状に被着させ、所定の加圧・加熱下で前記金属微粒子を前記被接合部材に固体接合させることによって前記被接合部材同士を接合する工程を有することを特徴とする固体接合方法である。
請求項２記載の発明は、請求項１記載の発明において、前記金属微粒子を吹き付けることにより前記被接合部材の接合部分に被着させることを特徴とする。
請求項３記載の発明は、請求項１又は２のいずれか１項記載の発明において、前記金属微粒子は、原料金属を減圧下で蒸発させるガス中蒸発法にて生成し、この金属微粒子を前記被接合部材の少なくとも一方の接合部分に被着させることを特徴とする。
請求項４記載の発明は、請求項１乃至３のいずれか１項記載の発明において、前記金属微粒子が、金、銀又は白金であることを特徴とする。
請求項５記載の発明は、請求項１乃至４のいずれか１項記載の発明において、前記金属微粒子の被着後に所定のハロゲンを用いて前記接合部分のハロゲン化処理を行うことを特徴とする。
請求項６記載の発明は、請求項５記載の発明において、前記ハロゲンが、フッ素または塩素の蒸気を含むガスであることを特徴とする。
【００１０】
本発明の場合、一対の被接合部材の少なくとも一方の接合部分に島状に被着させた所定の粒径の金属微粒子（例えば金などの貴金属）を、所定の加圧・加熱下で被接合部材に固体接合させることによって被接合部材同士を接合するようにしたことから、はんだやインジウム等の接合材を使用することなく、比較的簡易な表面加工でも低圧で、かつ、金属微粒子及び被接合部材の融点よりはるかに低い温度で強固な接合を行うことが可能になる。
【００１１】
しかも、本発明によれば、接合の際に金属間化合物を生成することなく異種の金属を低圧かつ低温で強固に接合することが可能になる。
【００１２】
この場合、金属微粒子を吹き付けることにより被接合部材の接合部分に被着させるようにすれば、被接合部材の任意の領域に金属微粒子を被着させることができ、マスクを必要とするスパッタや蒸着などによるメタライジングと比べて高い効率で資源を有効利用することができる。
【００１３】
また、ガス中蒸発法で生成した金属微粒子を被接合部材の少なくとも一方の接合部分に被着させるようにすれば、きわめて活性な金属微粒子を利用できるため、より低温で接合することが可能になる。
【００１４】
一方、金属微粒子を被着させた後に、所定のハロゲン（フッ素または塩素の蒸気を含むガスなど）を用いて接合部分のハロゲン化処理を行うようにすれば、より低温で接合を行うことが可能になる。
【００１５】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明に係る固体接合方法の好ましい実施の形態を図面を参照して詳細に説明する。本発明の方法は、同種又は異種の金属からなる被接合部材に適用することができるものである。
【００１６】
図１は、本発明を実施するための固体接合装置の概略構成図、図２（ａ）〜（ｄ）は、本発明の実施の形態の工程を模式的に示す説明図である。
図１に示すように、この固体接合装置は、図示しない真空排気系に接続された処理室２を有し、この処理室２内の下部に設けられた支持台３上に第１及び第２の被接合部材４（４１、４２）が載置されるようになっている。
【００１７】
処理室２内の上部には、被接合部材４を加圧するための加圧部５が配設されている。この加圧部５は、上下動自在に構成されている。
なお、支持台３及び加圧部５の内部には、被接合部材４を加熱するための図示しないヒータが設けられている。
【００１８】
また、処理室２の外部には、後述する金属微粒子７を供給するための供給源６が設けられている。この供給源６は、例えば減圧下で所定の不活性ガスを流しながら、金、銀、白金等の貴金属を、例えばレーザー・アブレーション、高周波加熱溶解、抵抗加熱溶解、アーク溶解等の手段によって蒸発させ金属微粒子７を生成するように構成されている。
【００１９】
そして、生成された金属微粒子７を、所定のガスとともに導入管８を介して処理室２内に導入し、導入管８の先端に設けられたノズル９から被接合部材４に対して吹き付けるようになっている。
【００２０】
次に、本発明の固体接合方法の実施の形態を説明する。
本実施の形態においては、まず、処理室２内を所定の圧力に調整した後、供給源６において生成された金属微粒子７を、図２（ａ）に示すように、ノズル９の先端から第１の被接合部材４１の接合部分４１ａに吹き付けて島状に被着させる。
【００２１】
この状態では、金属微粒子７は、ファンデルワールス力によって第１の被接合部材４１の接合部分４１ａに吸着された状態になっている。
【００２２】
本発明の場合、金属微粒子７の粒径もしくはその集合体の厚さは、接合面の表面加工法や金属微粒子の特性を考慮すると、１ｎｍ〜１μｍとすることが好ましく、より好ましくは、１ｎｍ〜１０ｎｍである。
【００２３】
【００２４】
一方、第１の被接合部材４１は、確実な接合を行う観点から、その接合部分４１ａの表面粗さが、第１の被接合部材４１上に被着される金属微粒子７の粒径もしくはその集合体の厚さより小さくなるように表面処理を施しておくことが好ましい。
【００２５】
好ましい接合部分４１ａの表面粗さは、１０００ｎｍ以下（機械研磨、上仕上げ）であり、より好ましくは、２００ｎｍ以下（機械研磨、精密仕上げ）であり、特に好ましくは、１ｎｍ以下（化学研磨）である。
【００２６】
次いで、図２（ｂ）に示すように、第１の被接合部材４１上に被着された金属微粒子７の上に接合すべき第２の被接合部材４２を載置し、上述した加圧部５を下降させて所定の圧力で加圧を行う。
【００２７】
また、確実な接合を行う観点から、第２の被接合部材４２についても、その接合部分４２ａの表面粗さが、第１の被接合部材４１上に被着される金属微粒子７の粒径もしくはその集合体の厚さより小さくなるように表面処理を施しておくことが好ましい。
【００２８】
好ましい接合部分４２ａの表面粗さは、接合部分４１ａと同様に１０００ｎｍ以下であり、より好ましくは、２００ｎｍ以下であり、特に好ましくは、１ｎｍ以下である。
【００２９】
また、加圧の際には、確実な接合を行う観点から、第１及び第２の被接合部材４１、４２を加熱することが好ましい。
【００３０】
本発明の場合、第１及び第２の被接合部材４１、４２の加熱温度は特に限定されることはないが、低温接合の観点からは、第１及び第２の被接合部材４１、４２及び前記金属微粒子７の融点以下の所定の温度で加熱することが好ましい。
【００３１】
そして、上述した条件の下で、以下に述べるように、金属微粒子７を第１及び第２の被接合部材４１、４２に固体接合させることによって第１及び第２の被接合部材４１、４２を接合させる。
【００３２】
図３（ａ）〜（ｃ）及び図４（ｄ）〜（ｆ）は、本発明の原理を示す説明図である。
上述したように、本発明にあっては、接合部分の表面粗さが１０００ｎｍ以下であれば接合が可能であるが、この程度の表面粗さの被接合部材同士を直接密着させた場合には、その接触面積は非常に小さいものである。
【００３３】
例えば、上記第１及び第２の被接合部材４１、４２を直接密着させた場合、それらの接合部分４１ａ、４２ａの接触状態は、図３（ａ）に示すように、点状態となる（点Ａ、点Ｂ）。
【００３４】
これに対し、本発明では、図３（ｂ）（ｃ）に示すように、第１及び第２の被接合部材４１、４２間に金属微粒子７を島状に配置した状態で加圧を行うことにより、加圧に伴って接合部分４１ａ、４２ａと金属微粒子７との接触面積が大きくなり、その結果、金属微粒子７の原子が第１及び第２の被接合部材４１、４２の金属原子と置き換わり、あるいは金属原子間に配置され（図２（ｃ）参照）、これにより、図４（ｄ）（ｅ）に示すように、第１及び第２の被接合部材４１、４２の接合部分４１ａ、４２ａが接触する領域において接合が始まる（接合領域Ｃ）。
【００３５】
そして、さらに加圧を継続すると、図４（ｆ）に示すように、これら接合部分４１ａ、４２ａの接合領域Ｃが徐々に拡大し、最終的に第１及び第２の被接合部材４１、４２同士が完全に接合される（図２（ｄ）及び図４（ｇ）参照）。
【００３６】
このように、本発明の方法によれば、はんだやインジウム等の接合材を使用することなく、比較的簡易な表面加工でも低圧で、かつ、金属微粒子７及び被接合部材４の融点よりはるかに低い温度で強固な接合を行うことができる。
【００３７】
しかも、本発明によれば、使用する金属微粒子の量は僅かなので、金属間化合物を生成することなく異種の金属を低圧かつ低温で強固に接合することが可能になる。
【００３８】
また、上記実施の形態の場合は、金属微粒子７を吹き付けることにより金属微粒子７の被着を行うようにしたことから、第１の被接合部材４１の任意の領域に金属微粒子７を被着させることができ、マスクを必要とするスパッタや蒸着などによるメタライジングと比べて高い効率で資源を有効利用することができる。
【００３９】
また、ガス中蒸発法で生成した金属微粒子７を用いることから、きわめて活性な金属微粒子を利用できるため、より低温で接合することが可能になる。
【００４０】
図５（ａ）〜（ｃ）は、本発明の他の実施の形態の工程の要部を模式的に示す説明図である。
図５（ａ）〜（ｃ）に示すように、本実施の形態においては、例えば、上述した方法によって金属微粒子７を第１の被接合部材４１の接合部分４１ａに吹き付けて被着させた後加圧前に、第１の被接合部材４１の接合部分４１ａ及び金属微粒子７に対して所定のハロゲン２０を付着させるハロゲン化処理を行う。
【００４１】
本発明の場合、処理の際のハロゲン２０の状態は特に限定されることはないが、工程簡便化の観点からは、第１の被接合部材４１の接合部分４１ａ及び金属微粒子７に対してハロゲン２０の蒸気を曝して付着させることが好ましい。
【００４２】
この場合、例えば、金属微粒子７を島状に被着させた第１の被接合部材４１を所定の処理容器１０内に配置し、同様に処理容器１０内に配置したハロゲン２０の液体を加熱蒸発させ、ハロゲン２０の気体を処理容器１０内に充満させることによって容易にハロゲン２０の付着を行うことができる。
【００４３】
また、使用するハロゲン２０の種類は特に限定されることはないが、確実な接合の観点からは、フッ素または塩素を用いることが好ましい。
【００４４】
そして、このようなハロゲン化処理を行った後に、上記実施の形態と同様の工程による接合を行う。なお、本発明の場合、上記ハロゲン化処理後又はハロゲン化処理と同時に金属微粒子７の被着を行うことも可能である。
【００４５】
本実施の形態の方法によれば、さらに低温での接合が可能になる。
その他の構成及び作用効果については上述の実施の形態と同一であるのでその詳細な説明を省略する。
【００４６】
なお、本発明は上述の実施の形態に限られることなく、種々の変更を行うことができる。
例えば、上記実施の形態においては、第１の被接合部材に対して金属微粒子を被着させるようにしたが、本発明はこれに限られず、第２の被接合部材に対して金属微粒子を被着させることもでき、また、両方の被接合部材に対して金属微粒子を被着させることもできる。
【００４７】
そして、本発明は、３つ以上の部材からなる被接合部材を接合する場合にも適用することができる。
【００４８】
さらに、被接合部材に被着させた金属微粒子はファンデルワールス力によって被接合部材に吸着されるため、被接合部材の接合部分を上にして金属微粒子を被着させる必要はなく例えば下向きや傾斜させた状態で被着させることができ、また、被着後に移動させることも可能である。
【００４９】
さらにまた、上記実施の形態においては、一方の被接合部材に対してハロゲン化処理を行うようにしたが、本発明はこれに限られず、他方の被接合部材に対してハロゲン化処理を行うこともでき、また、両方の被接合部材に対してハロゲン化処理を行うこともできる。
【００５０】
さらにまた、本発明は、例えば溶液に分散させた金属微粒子を被接合部材の接合部分に塗布して被着させることも可能である。
【００５１】
【実施例】
以下、本発明に係る固体接合方法の実施例を比較例とともに詳細に説明する。
＜実施例１＞
被接合部材として機械的に研磨した銅ペレットと銅シートを用い、レーザー・アブレーションによる粒径１０ｎｍの金微粒子を銅ペレットに被着させて接合を行った。その結果を表１に示す。
【００５２】
この場合、接合圧力は１４．８ｋｇ／ｍｍ２で接合時間は１分とした。また、接合雰囲気は大気中で行った。
【００５３】
＜実施例２＞
金微粒子の被着後、ハロゲン化処理としてフッ素蒸気に１分間暴露させた以外は実施例１と同様の工程で接合を行った。その結果を表１に示す。
【００５４】
＜比較例１＞
金微粒子を使用せず、また、ハロゲン化処理を行わずに実施例１と同様の工程で接合を行った。その結果を表１に示す。
【００５５】
＜比較例２＞
ハロゲン化処理のみを行い、実施例１と同様の工程で接合を行った。その結果を表１に示す。
【００５６】
【表１】

Figure 0004255652
【００５７】
表１から明らかなように、金微粒子を接合材として用いた実施例１、２は、金微粒子を接合材として用いない比較例１、２では接合できない低温（３２０℃）で接合が可能になる。
【００５８】
また、金微粒子とフッ素蒸気によるハロゲン化処理を併用した実施例２の場合は、ハロゲン化処理を行わない実施例１よりさらに低温（２５０℃）で接合が可能になる。
【００５９】
＜実施例３＞
平坦度の良いＳｉ基板に銅をスパッタリングによりコーティングした後にその面をさらにＣＭＰを施して被接合部材とし、レーザー・アブレーションによる１０ｎｍの金微粒子を一方の被接合部材に島状に被着させて接合を行った。その結果を表２に示す。
【００６０】
この場合、接合圧力は２．９ｋｇ／ｍｍ２で接合時間は１分とした。また、接合雰囲気は大気中で行った。
【００６１】
＜実施例４＞
金微粒子の被着後、ハロゲン化処理としてフッ素蒸気に１分間暴露させた以外は実施例３と同様の工程で接合を行った。その結果を表２に示す。
【００６２】
【表２】
Figure 0004255652
【００６３】
表２から明らかなように、被接合部材の平坦度の良い実施例３、４は、実施例１、２に比べてさらに低温、低荷重での接合ができる。
【００６４】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように本発明によれば、はんだやインジウム等の接合材を使用することなく、また接合面に金属間化合物を形成することもないので、低圧、かつ、低い温度で強固な接合を行うことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明を実施するための固体接合装置の概略構成図
【図２】（ａ）〜（ｄ）：本発明の実施の形態の工程を模式的に示す説明図
【図３】（ａ）〜（ｃ）：本発明の原理を示す説明図
【図４】（ｄ）〜（ｇ）：本発明の原理を示す説明図
【図５】（ａ）〜（ｃ）：本発明の他の実施の形態の工程の要部を模式的に示す説明図
【符号の説明】
１…固体接合装置 ２…処理室 ４（４１、４２）…第１及び第２の被接合部材
７…金属微粒子[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a solid joining method for joining solids such as metal and metal or metal and ceramics, and in particular, metal fine particles are attached in an island shape to a joint portion of at least one member to be joined. The present invention relates to a solid bonding method for bonding bonding members to each other.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, when joining solids such as metals or metals and ceramics, or metals and glass, it is common to melt and join a joining material such as low melting point solder or indium.
[0003]
In this case, especially when low melting point solder or indium does not wet the member to be joined, in order to improve the wettability, a flux is used or the surface of the joint part such as solder or indium is preliminarily formed by sputtering or plating. It is necessary to form a film.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when such a film is formed, a film may be formed in addition to a portion necessary for bonding, and solder or a bonding material may adhere to an unnecessary portion.
[0005]
On the other hand, it is possible to form a coating only on a portion necessary for bonding by using a mask, but an expensive mask is required when the region to be bonded is complicated.
[0006]
Further, as a conventional technique, a technique of spraying the resulting particles in the same gas evaporation method and the present invention in a film form on the bonding surface it has been proposed (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-169161), in this method, the bonding surface It has the disadvantage of forming an intermetallic compound.
[0007]
In view of such points, in recent years, as a solid bonding method that does not use a bonding material such as solder or indium, for example, a technique of forming an ultra-smooth surface and directly bonding at low temperature and low pressure has been proposed. Then, advanced surface processing technology is required, and it becomes expensive.
[0008]
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, and is capable of strong bonding at low temperature and low pressure even with relatively simple surface processing without using a bonding material such as solder or indium. It is an object of the present invention to provide a solid bonding method capable of satisfying the requirements.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that metal fine particles having a particle size or aggregate thickness of 1 nm to 10 nm are used, and the surface roughness is the particle size of the metal fine particles or aggregate thereof. The members to be joined are adhered to each other at least one joining portion of a pair of members to be joined having a thickness smaller than the thickness of the member, and the metal fine particles are solidly joined to the members to be joined under a predetermined pressure and heating. It is a solid joining method characterized by having the process of joining.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the metal fine particles are sprayed to be adhered to the joint portion of the member to be joined.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the present invention, the metal fine particles are generated by a gas evaporation method in which a raw metal is evaporated under reduced pressure, and the metal fine particles are It is characterized by being attached to at least one joining portion of the joined members.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to any one of the first to third aspects, the metal fine particles are gold, silver, or platinum.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the bonding portion is halogenated using a predetermined halogen after the metal fine particles are deposited. .
A sixth aspect of the invention is characterized in that, in the fifth aspect of the invention, the halogen is a gas containing fluorine or chlorine vapor.
[0010]
In the case of the present invention, metal fine particles having a predetermined particle diameter (for example, noble metal such as gold) deposited in an island shape on at least one bonded portion of a pair of members to be bonded are bonded under predetermined pressure and heating. Since the members to be joined are joined to each other by solid joining to the member, it is possible to use a relatively simple surface treatment at a low pressure without using a joining material such as solder or indium, and metal fine particles and to be joined. It becomes possible to perform strong bonding at a temperature much lower than the melting point of the member.
[0011]
Moreover, according to the present invention, different metals can be firmly bonded at low pressure and low temperature without generating an intermetallic compound during bonding.
[0012]
In this case, if metal fine particles are sprayed to adhere to the joined portion of the member to be joined, the metal fine particles can be deposited on any region of the member to be joined, and sputtering or vapor deposition that requires a mask. Resources can be used efficiently with high efficiency compared to metallizing.
[0013]
Further, if the metal fine particles generated by the in-gas evaporation method are deposited on at least one joining portion of the member to be joined, extremely active metal fine particles can be used, so that the joining can be performed at a lower temperature. .
[0014]
On the other hand, it is possible to perform bonding at a lower temperature by depositing metal fine particles and then subjecting the bonding portion to halogenation treatment using a predetermined halogen (such as a gas containing fluorine or chlorine vapor). become.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of a solid bonding method according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The method of the present invention can be applied to a member to be joined made of the same or different metals.
[0016]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a solid state bonding apparatus for carrying out the present invention, and FIGS. 2A to 2D are explanatory views schematically showing steps of an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, this solid joining apparatus has a processing chamber 2 connected to an evacuation system (not shown), and a first and a second are placed on a support base 3 provided at a lower portion in the processing chamber 2. The to-be-joined member 4 (41, 42) is placed.
[0017]
A pressurizing unit 5 for pressurizing the member 4 to be joined is disposed in the upper portion of the processing chamber 2. The pressurizing unit 5 is configured to be movable up and down.
A heater (not shown) for heating the member 4 to be joined is provided inside the support base 3 and the pressure unit 5.
[0018]
In addition, a supply source 6 for supplying metal fine particles 7 described later is provided outside the processing chamber 2. The supply source 6 evaporates a noble metal such as gold, silver, platinum or the like by means of, for example, laser ablation, high frequency heating melting, resistance heating melting, arc melting or the like while flowing a predetermined inert gas under reduced pressure. It is comprised so that the metal microparticle 7 may be produced | generated.
[0019]
Then, the generated metal fine particles 7 are introduced into the processing chamber 2 together with a predetermined gas through the introduction pipe 8, and sprayed from the nozzle 9 provided at the tip of the introduction pipe 8 to the member 4 to be joined. It has become.
[0020]
Next, an embodiment of the solid bonding method of the present invention will be described.
In the present embodiment, first, after adjusting the inside of the processing chamber 2 to a predetermined pressure, the metal fine particles 7 generated in the supply source 6 are moved from the tip of the nozzle 9 to the first as shown in FIG. It sprays on the joining part 41a of 1 to-be-joined member 41, and is made to adhere to island shape .
[0021]
In this state, the metal fine particles 7 are in a state of being adsorbed to the joint portion 41a of the first member 41 by van der Waals force.
[0022]
For the present invention, the particle size or thickness of the aggregation of the fine metal particles 7, considering the characteristics of the surface processing method and the metal fine particles of the bonding surfaces, preferably to 1 nm to 1 [mu] m, more preferably, 1 nm to 10 nm.
[0023]
[0024]
On the other hand, the first to-be-joined member 41 has a surface roughness of the joining portion 41a from the viewpoint of surely joining, the particle diameter of the metal fine particles 7 deposited on the first to-be-joined member 41 or its The surface treatment is preferably performed so as to be smaller than the thickness of the aggregate.
[0025]
The surface roughness of the preferred bonding portion 41a is, 1 000Nm below (mechanical polishing, the upper finishing), more preferably, 200 nm or less (mechanical polishing, fine finishing), and particularly preferably at 1nm or less (chemical polishing) is there.
[0026]
Next, as shown in FIG. 2B, the second bonded member 42 to be bonded is placed on the metal fine particles 7 deposited on the first bonded member 41, and the above-described pressurization is performed. The part 5 is lowered and pressurized with a predetermined pressure.
[0027]
Also, from the viewpoint of performing reliable bonding, the surface roughness of the bonding portion 42a of the second member to be bonded 42 is the particle diameter of the metal fine particles 7 deposited on the first member 41 or Surface treatment is preferably performed so as to be smaller than the thickness of the aggregate.
[0028]
The surface roughness of the preferred joint portion 42a is not more than similarly 1 000Nm and junction 41a, more preferably not 200nm or less, and particularly preferably 1nm or less.
[0029]
Moreover, it is preferable to heat the 1st and 2nd to-be-joined members 41 and 42 from a viewpoint of performing reliable joining in the case of pressurization.
[0030]
In the present invention, the heating temperature of the first and second members to be joined 41 and 42 is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of low-temperature joining, the first and second members to be joined 41 and 42 and It is preferable to heat at a predetermined temperature not higher than the melting point of the metal fine particles 7.
[0031]
Then, under the above-described conditions, as described below, the first and second members to be bonded 41 and 42 are bonded to the first and second members to be bonded 41 and 42 by solid bonding. Join.
[0032]
FIGS. 3A to 3C and FIGS. 4D to 4F are explanatory views showing the principle of the present invention.
As described above, in the present invention, bonding is possible if the surface roughness of the bonded portion is 1000 nm or less, but when the members to be bonded having such a surface roughness are directly adhered to each other. The contact area is very small.
[0033]
For example, when the first and second members to be joined 41 and 42 are brought into direct contact, the contact state between the joint portions 41a and 42a is a point state as shown in FIG. A, point B).
[0034]
On the other hand, in the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C, pressurization is performed in a state where the metal fine particles 7 are arranged in an island shape between the first and second members to be joined 41 and 42. As a result, the contact area between the joining portions 41a, 42a and the metal fine particles 7 increases with the pressurization, and as a result, the atoms of the metal fine particles 7 are exchanged with the metal atoms of the first and second members to be joined 41, 42. It replaces, or is arrange | positioned between metal atoms (refer FIG.2 (c)), thereby, as shown to FIG.4 (d) (e), the junction part 41a of the 1st and 2nd to-be-joined members 41 and 42 is shown. , 42a starts to join (joining region C).
[0035]
When the pressurization is further continued, as shown in FIG. 4 (f), the joining region C of these joining portions 41a and 42a is gradually enlarged, and finally the first and second joined members 41 and 42 are obtained. They are completely joined together (see FIG. 2D and FIG. 4G).
[0036]
As described above, according to the method of the present invention, it is possible to use a relatively simple surface processing at a low pressure without using a bonding material such as solder or indium, and much more than the melting point of the metal fine particles 7 and the bonded member 4. Strong bonding can be performed at a low temperature.
[0037]
In addition, according to the present invention, since the amount of the metal fine particles to be used is small, it is possible to strongly bond different kinds of metals at low pressure and low temperature without generating an intermetallic compound.
[0038]
In the case of the above-described embodiment, since the metal fine particles 7 are deposited by spraying the metal fine particles 7, the metal fine particles 7 are deposited on an arbitrary region of the first bonded member 41. Therefore, resources can be effectively used with higher efficiency than metallizing by sputtering or vapor deposition that requires a mask.
[0039]
In addition, since the metal fine particles 7 generated by the gas evaporation method are used, extremely active metal fine particles can be used, so that bonding can be performed at a lower temperature.
[0040]
FIG. 5A to FIG. 5C are explanatory views schematically showing the main part of the process of another embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C, in the present embodiment, for example, after the metal fine particles 7 are sprayed onto the joining portion 41a of the first joined member 41 by the above-described method, the deposition is performed. Prior to the pressurization, a halogenation process is performed in which a predetermined halogen 20 is attached to the joining portion 41a of the first member 41 and the metal fine particles 7.
[0041]
In the case of the present invention, the state of the halogen 20 at the time of treatment is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of simplifying the process, the halogen with respect to the bonding portion 41a of the first member 41 and the metal fine particles 7 is considered. Preferably, 20 vapors are exposed and deposited.
[0042]
In this case, for example, the first bonded member 41 in which the metal fine particles 7 are deposited in an island shape is disposed in a predetermined processing container 10, and the liquid of the halogen 20 disposed in the processing container 10 is similarly heated and evaporated. Then, the halogen 20 can be easily deposited by filling the processing container 10 with the gas of the halogen 20.
[0043]
The type of halogen 20 to be used is not particularly limited, but fluorine or chlorine is preferably used from the viewpoint of reliable bonding.
[0044]
And after performing such a halogenation process, joining by the process similar to the said embodiment is performed. In the present invention, the metal fine particles 7 can be applied after the halogenation treatment or simultaneously with the halogenation treatment.
[0045]
According to the method of the present embodiment, bonding at a lower temperature is possible.
Since other configurations and operational effects are the same as those of the above-described embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted.
[0046]
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various changes can be made.
For example, in the above embodiment, the metal fine particles are deposited on the first member to be joined. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the metal fine particles are coated on the second member to be joined. It is also possible to deposit metal fine particles on both of the members to be joined.
[0047]
And this invention is applicable also when joining the to-be-joined member which consists of three or more members.
[0048]
Further, since the metal fine particles deposited on the member to be joined are adsorbed on the member to be joined by van der Waals force, there is no need to deposit the metal fine particles with the joining portion of the member to be joined up, for example, downward or inclined. It can be deposited in a state of being deposited, and can also be moved after deposition.
[0049]
Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the halogenation treatment is performed on one member to be joined, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the halogenation treatment is performed on the other member to be joined. It is also possible to perform a halogenation treatment on both of the members to be joined.
[0050]
Furthermore, according to the present invention, for example, metal fine particles dispersed in a solution can be applied to a bonded portion of a member to be bonded.
[0051]
【Example】
Hereinafter, examples of the solid bonding method according to the present invention will be described in detail together with comparative examples.
<Example 1>
Using mechanically polished copper pellets and a copper sheet as the members to be joined, gold fine particles having a particle diameter of 10 nm by laser ablation were deposited on the copper pellets for bonding. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0052]
In this case, the joining pressure was 14.8 kg / mm 2 and the joining time was 1 minute. The bonding atmosphere was performed in the air.
[0053]
<Example 2>
After the gold fine particles were deposited, bonding was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the gold fine particles were exposed to fluorine vapor for 1 minute. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0054]
<Comparative Example 1>
Bonding was performed in the same process as in Example 1 without using gold fine particles and without performing a halogenation treatment. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0055]
<Comparative example 2>
Only halogenation treatment was performed, and bonding was performed in the same process as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0056]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004255652
[0057]
As is clear from Table 1, Examples 1 and 2 using gold fine particles as a bonding material enable bonding at a low temperature (320 ° C.) that cannot be bonded in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 that do not use gold fine particles as a bonding material. .
[0058]
Further, in the case of Example 2 in which the gold fine particles and the halogenation treatment with fluorine vapor are used together, bonding can be performed at a lower temperature (250 ° C.) than in Example 1 in which the halogenation treatment is not performed.
[0059]
<Example 3>
After coating copper on the Si substrate with good flatness by sputtering, the surface is further subjected to CMP to form a member to be bonded, and 10 nm gold fine particles by laser ablation are deposited on one member to be bonded in an island shape and bonded. Went. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0060]
In this case, the joining pressure was 2.9 kg / mm 2 and the joining time was 1 minute. The bonding atmosphere was performed in the air.
[0061]
<Example 4>
After the gold fine particles were deposited, bonding was performed in the same process as in Example 3, except that the halogenated treatment was exposed to fluorine vapor for 1 minute. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0062]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004255652
[0063]
As is clear from Table 2, Examples 3 and 4 having good flatness of the members to be joined can be joined at a lower temperature and a lower load than Examples 1 and 2.
[0064]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, since a bonding material such as solder or indium is not used and an intermetallic compound is not formed on the bonding surface , a strong bonding can be achieved at a low pressure and a low temperature. It can be carried out.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a solid state bonding apparatus for carrying out the present invention. FIG. 2 (a) to (d): explanatory views schematically showing steps of an embodiment of the present invention. a) to (c): explanatory diagram showing the principle of the present invention FIG. 4 (d) to (g): explanatory diagram showing the principle of the present invention FIG. 5 (a) to (c): Explanatory drawing which shows the principal part of the process of other embodiment typically [Explanation of numerals]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Solid joining apparatus 2 ... Processing chamber 4 (41, 42) ... 1st and 2nd to-be-joined member 7 ... Metal fine particle

Claims (6)

粒径もしくはその集合体の厚さが１ｎｍ〜１０ｎｍである金属微粒子を、表面粗さが前記金属微粒子の粒径もしくはその集合体の厚さより小さい一対の被接合部材の少なくとも一方の接合部分に島状に被着させ、所定の加圧・加熱下で前記金属微粒子を前記被接合部材に固体接合させることによって前記被接合部材同士を接合する工程を有することを特徴とする固体接合方法。Metal fine particles having a particle diameter or an aggregate thickness of 1 nm to 10 nm are formed on at least one joining portion of a pair of members to be joined whose surface roughness is smaller than the particle diameter of the metal fine particles or the thickness of the aggregate. A solid joining method comprising: joining the members to be joined together by solidly joining the metal fine particles to the members to be joined under predetermined pressure and heating . 前記金属微粒子を吹き付けることにより前記被接合部材の接合部分に被着させることを特徴とする請求項１記載の固体接合方法。The solid joining method according to claim 1, wherein the metal fine particles are sprayed to adhere to the joining portion of the joined member. 前記金属微粒子は、原料金属を減圧下で蒸発させるガス中蒸発法にて生成し、この金属微粒子を前記被接合部材の少なくとも一方の接合部分に被着させることを特徴とする請求項１又は２のいずれか１項記載の固体接合方法。The metal fine particles are generated by a gas evaporation method in which a raw metal is evaporated under reduced pressure, and the metal fine particles are deposited on at least one joining portion of the joined members. The solid bonding method according to any one of the above. 前記金属微粒子が、金、銀又は白金であることを特徴とする請求項１乃至３のいずれか１項記載の固体接合方法。The solid bonding method according to claim 1, wherein the metal fine particles are gold, silver, or platinum. 前記金属微粒子の被着後に所定のハロゲンを用いて前記接合部分のハロゲン化処理を行うことを特徴とする請求項１乃至４のいずれか１項記載の固体接合方法。The solid bonding method according to claim 1, wherein the bonding portion is halogenated using a predetermined halogen after the metal fine particles are deposited. 前記ハロゲンが、フッ素または塩素の蒸気を含むガスであることを特徴とする請求項５記載の固体接合方法。6. The solid bonding method according to claim 5, wherein the halogen is a gas containing fluorine or chlorine vapor.
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