JP4225417B2 - Avalanche prevention fence - Google Patents

Avalanche prevention fence Download PDF

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JP4225417B2
JP4225417B2 JP2004023228A JP2004023228A JP4225417B2 JP 4225417 B2 JP4225417 B2 JP 4225417B2 JP 2004023228 A JP2004023228 A JP 2004023228A JP 2004023228 A JP2004023228 A JP 2004023228A JP 4225417 B2 JP4225417 B2 JP 4225417B2
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slope
snow
prevention fence
anchor
avalanche prevention
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JP2005213914A (en
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和廣 小関
秀樹 石山
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Tokyo Rope Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Tokyo Rope Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は積雪地域の切土法面での雪崩防止のための柵に関する。   The present invention relates to a fence for preventing an avalanche on a cut slope in a snowy area.

積雪の多い地域の雪崩防止対策として、法面に所要傾斜角度の切土部と水平状の小段部を高さ方向で一定間隔ごとに設け、切土部である程度斜面上に堆雪させ２次堆雪幅を縮小させることが行なわれているが、切土法面では積雪が小段部からせり出して崩落したりする恐れがある。
そこで、この対策として、法面の上方からロープを延設して吊柵としたり、図１２と図１３のように、切土法面の途中に法面と直角状あるいは所用角度に雪崩防止柵を突設することが行われている。 As measures to prevent avalanches in areas with a lot of snow, a cut part with the required inclination angle and a horizontal small step part are provided at regular intervals in the height direction on the slope, and secondary snow is accumulated on the slope to some extent in the cut part. Although the snow accumulating width is reduced, there is a risk that the snow piles out from the small steps and collapses on the cut slope.
Therefore, as a countermeasure, a rope is extended from above the slope to make it a suspended fence, or as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, an avalanche prevention fence that is perpendicular to the slope or at a desired angle in the middle of the cut slope. It is done to project.

後者の方式は、法面１ｂの尻側にアンカーｃを設け、これに控柱ｄを左右方向で間隔をおいて立設し、控柱ｄの天端に斜め外方に突出するように柱ｅを固定し、各柱間上にブランクシートないしデッキプレートと呼ばれる台形状断面の特殊な板ｆを装架固定した構造になっている。
しかし、この構造では棚の前面(斜面上方向)に雪を溜め込むので、設計積雪深よりも大きな値となり、クリープの変形と構造上の問題から、雪が柵を大幅にオーバーフローしやすいので、柵高さを非常に大きくしなければならない。
さらに、法面から斜め上方に張出し設置されるので、道路側からはっきりと視認され、オフシーズンには圧迫感を招いたり、景観を損なう不具合があった。 In the latter method, an anchor c is provided on the butt side of the slope 1b, and a retaining column d is erected at an interval in the left-right direction, so that the column protrudes obliquely outward from the top end of the retaining column d. e is fixed, and a special plate f having a trapezoidal cross section called a blank sheet or deck plate is mounted and fixed between the columns.
However, this structure accumulates snow on the front of the shelf (upward on the slope), so the value is larger than the designed snow depth, and because of the deformation of the creep and structural problems, the snow is likely to overflow the fence significantly. It must be very large.
In addition, since it is installed obliquely upward from the slope, it is clearly visible from the road side, and there was a problem that caused a sense of pressure during the off-season or damaged the landscape.

また、土砂部条件が多く、アンカー用地として法面から上(法肩)の水平部を必要とする。さらに施工上も、基礎の施工間隔許容誤差が１ｃｍ以下と少ないことや、特殊な板を製作しなければならないこと、設置端部に風の巻き込みが生ずるため雪庇予防用のサイドフェンスの設置がさらに必要になること、などから施工性が芳しくなく、工期が長くなり、工事費が高くなる問題があった。   In addition, there are many earth and sand conditions, and a horizontal part above (slope) from the slope is required as an anchor site. Furthermore, in terms of construction, the tolerance of the construction interval of the foundation is as small as 1 cm or less, a special plate must be manufactured, and wind can be trapped at the installation end, so installation of side fences for preventing snowfall is further required. Due to the necessity, the workability is not good, the construction period is long, and the construction cost is high.

本発明は前記のような問題点を解消するためになされたもので、その目的とするところは、簡単な構造で、施工性がよく、景観も損なうことが少なく、崩落雪を確実に防止できる雪崩防止柵を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and the object of the present invention is to have a simple structure, good workability, less damage to the landscape, and reliably prevent falling snow. The purpose is to provide an avalanche prevention fence.

上記目的を達成するため本発明は法面に切土された水平状をなす小段部の前端付近の次傾斜部たる法面に左右方向で間隔をおいてアンカーを埋設し、それらアンカーの天部に小段部とほぼ面一で前方に延出する梁材の基端部をそれぞれ取付けるとともに、梁材の延出端部位置の下部を、下端に前記法面に接地するベースプレートを備えたステーで支持させ、かつ前記平行状の左右梁間に複数の部材を相互間に隙間を有せしめてなる雪留め材を装架したことを特徴としている。
The present invention for achieving the above object buried anchor at intervals in the lateral direction to the next inclined portion serving slope near the front end of the small stepped portion forming a horizontal shape is Cut to slope, the top portion thereof the anchor A stay provided with a base plate that is attached to the lower end of the beam material, and a base plate that is in contact with the slope at the lower end of the beam material. It is characterized in that a snow-clamping material is provided which is supported and a plurality of members are provided with gaps between the parallel left and right beams.

本発明は、一定間隔で切土された小段の前方向幅を広げいわば人工ステップを設けて積雪時の崩落雪を防止させるので、積雪のせり出しと崩落を防止できる。このため、従来の法面途中から張り出す防雪柵の設置を不要ならしめあるいは設置数を減少することが可能になる。
また、雪崩防止柵が小段のラインと重なることにより景観を損なわない。さらに、小段を作業場所としてその近傍で作業できること、アンカーの設置誤差の許容範囲が大きいこと、梁材が小段のラインで水平に延びるので雪留め材の装架作業も容易であることなどにより施工性がよく、工期も短くすることができるなどのすぐれた効果が得られる。 According to the present invention, since the forward width of the small steps cut at regular intervals is widened, an artificial step is provided to prevent the falling snow at the time of snow accumulation, so that the snow can be prevented from protruding and collapsing. For this reason, it becomes unnecessary to install a snow fence extending from the middle of the slope, or the number of installations can be reduced.
In addition, the avalanche prevention fence overlaps with the small line, so the landscape is not damaged. In addition, it is possible to work with a small step as a work place, a large tolerance for anchor installation error, and the beam material extending horizontally along the small step line, making it easy to mount snow retaining materials. Excellent effects such as good performance and shortened construction period.

雪留め材は相互間に隙間を有して装架されている。これによれば、柵自体が軽量なため沈降圧が低くなるとともに、風が抜けるので、風荷重に対処する必要がなくなり、シーズン当初の降雪は線状体の間からすり抜けて地山に堆雪され、その後は線状体上に堆雪されるので、オーバーフローが生じにくく、上下の法面の雪を結びつけ一体化させることができるので、崩落を確実に防止できる。   The snow retaining material is mounted with a gap between them. According to this, since the fence itself is lightweight, the settling pressure is low, and the wind is removed, so there is no need to deal with wind loads. Then, since the snow is accumulated on the linear body, it is difficult for the overflow to occur, and the snow on the upper and lower slopes can be combined and integrated, so that collapse can be reliably prevented.

好適には、雪留め材の部材が複数の線状体であり、それぞれリング状の端末が梁材に設けた短柱状の止め部に取付けられる。
これによれば、アンカー間隔に応じた長さに工場で製作しておき、現場で簡単に設置することができるので、施工が容易であり、縦断つき勾配、Ｒつき斜面にも柔軟に対応できる。 Preferably, the member of the snow retaining member is a plurality of linear bodies, and each ring-shaped end is attached to a short columnar stopper provided on the beam member.
According to this, since it can be manufactured at the factory to a length corresponding to the anchor interval and can be easily installed at the site, construction is easy, and it is possible to flexibly cope with slopes with vertical sections and slopes with R. .

好適には、左右の梁材の先端間にはスパン材を掛け渡し固定するとともに、先端側と相手方の基端側とにブレスロッドを連結する。これによれば、梁材のひしゃげが防止され適切な形状を保持できる。   Preferably, a span member is spanned and fixed between the distal ends of the left and right beam members, and a brace rod is connected to the distal end side and the proximal end side of the counterpart. According to this, the shaving of the beam material is prevented and an appropriate shape can be maintained.

以下添付図面を参照して本発明の実施例を説明する。
図１と図２は本発明による雪崩防止柵の第１実施例の全体を示しており、１は法面全体であり、所要間隔ごとに切土されて水平状の小段部(ステップ)１ａが形成されており、小段部１ａ、１ａ間には分断された法面１ｂが形成されている。前記各小段部１ａには排水用のトラフ１ｃが左右方向に設けられている。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 and 2 show the entire first embodiment of the avalanche prevention fence according to the present invention. Reference numeral 1 denotes an entire slope, which is cut at every required interval and has a horizontal step (step) 1a. A slope 1b is formed between the small steps 1a and 1a. Each small step portion 1a is provided with a drain trough 1c in the left-right direction.

２は本発明による雪崩防止柵であり、前記各小段部領域に付設されている。雪崩防止柵２は、図２(ａ)のように連続配置され、あるいは図２(ｂ)のように１〜２ｍ程度の間隔をあけて断続配置される。
それぞれの雪崩防止柵２は、小段部１ａの前端近傍下部の法面最上部に埋設されたアンカー３と、アンカーの上部に基端部４０が取付けられ、それ以降が小段部１ａのレベルとほぼ一致した状態で前方に延在する梁材４と、梁材４の先端部を法面（またはこれに埋設したアンカー）で支持するステー材５と有している。
前記アンカー３と梁材４は、左右方向で所定間隔たとえば３ｍごとに設けられており、左右の梁材４、４には雪留め材６が装架されている。 Reference numeral 2 denotes an avalanche prevention fence according to the present invention, which is attached to each small step region. The avalanche prevention fence 2 is continuously arranged as shown in FIG. 2A, or intermittently arranged with an interval of about 1 to 2 m as shown in FIG. 2B.
Each avalanche prevention fence 2 has an anchor 3 embedded at the top of the slope near the front end of the small step portion 1a, and a base end portion 40 attached to the upper portion of the anchor. The beam member 4 extends forward in a matched state, and the stay member 5 supports the tip of the beam member 4 with a slope (or an anchor embedded therein).
The anchor 3 and the beam member 4 are provided at predetermined intervals, for example, every 3 m in the left-right direction, and a snow retaining member 6 is mounted on the left and right beam members 4, 4.

雪崩防止柵２の各部を詳しく説明すると、アンカー３は、この例ではパイプなどで構成された土砂中用アンカーが用いられており、図３のように小段部１ａの前端近傍下部の法面最上部１００に鉛直状に打ち込まれている。
梁材４はH形鋼や溝形鋼で構成され、基端部の下側に短尺の支柱４ａが固着されており、この例では図３（ｂ）のようにアンカー３の上端部に嵌められ、交差状のピン４ｂによってアンカーと結合されている。 Describing each part of the avalanche prevention fence 2 in detail, in this example, the anchor 3 is an anchor for earth and sand composed of pipes or the like, and as shown in FIG. It is driven vertically into the upper part 100.
The beam member 4 is made of H-shaped steel or groove-shaped steel, and a short column 4a is fixed to the lower side of the base end. In this example, the beam 4 is fitted to the upper end of the anchor 3 as shown in FIG. And is connected to the anchor by crossed pins 4b.

前記支柱４ａは沈下が想定される場合には、図３(ａ)のように法面１ｂに接地するそり状のロック用エプロン４ｃが装備される。ロック用エプロン４ｃは一体化した斜材４ｅによって支柱４ａの側面と連結される。
ステー材５は、この例では、梁材４の先端側下面に固着されたH形鋼や溝形鋼で構成された支柱５ａと、これの下端に固定され法面１ｂに接地するそり状のベースプレート５ｂからなっている。 When the support 4a is supposed to sink, a sloping lock apron 4c that contacts the slope 1b is equipped as shown in FIG. 3 (a). The locking apron 4c is connected to the side surface of the column 4a by an integrated diagonal member 4e.
In this example, the stay material 5 includes a support 5a made of H-shaped steel or groove-shaped steel fixed to the lower surface on the front end side of the beam material 4, and a sled-like shape fixed to the lower end of this and grounded to the slope 1b. It consists of a base plate 5b.

図４ないし図８は梁材４と雪留め材６の詳細を示している。
左右の梁材４、４には、図７のように、先端部上面間に帯鋼板、棒鋼あるいは形鋼などから選ばれるスパン材７が掛け渡され、ボルトナット７ａで梁材４、４のフランジに固定されている。そしてさらに、左右の梁材４、４の先端内側と後端内側の４点間は交差状のブレスロッド８、８が張り渡され、これらにより、剛な矩形状構造が作られている。 4 to 8 show details of the beam member 4 and the snow retaining member 6.
As shown in FIG. 7, the left and right beam members 4 and 4 are spanned with a span member 7 selected from a strip steel plate, a bar steel or a shape steel between the top surfaces of the tip portions, and the bolt members 4 and 4 It is fixed to the flange. Furthermore, crossed brace rods 8 and 8 are stretched between the four points on the inner side of the front and rear ends of the left and right beam members 4 and 4, thereby forming a rigid rectangular structure.

雪留め材６は、この例では複数の部材６ａを相互間に隙間Ｓを有せしめるように装架された形式としている。部材６ａはこの例では端部にリング状の端末６０を設けたスチール製などの耐食性のよいロープを用いている。
ロープは、雪を付着させやすいようにするため、所定間隔ごとに節部６１を設けていてもよい。この節部６１はたとえばパイプを外嵌して圧着したり、プレートを巻いて圧着したりすることによって作られる。 In this example, the snow retaining material 6 has a plurality of members 6a mounted so as to have a gap S between them. In this example, the member 6a uses a rope having good corrosion resistance such as steel having a ring-shaped terminal 60 at the end.
The rope may be provided with node portions 61 at predetermined intervals in order to facilitate the attachment of snow. The node 61 is made by, for example, externally fitting a pipe and crimping it, or winding and crimping a plate.

かかるロープを簡単に所定間隔をおいて取り付け、装架させるために、各梁材４には、図５と図６のように、止め部として、梁材上面にたとえば３０ｃｍ以下の所定の間隔で中空状あるいは中実な短柱４１を配設固定しており、前記ロープは左右の梁材４，４の前記短柱４１、４１間に渡され、端末６０、６０を嵌め合わせ引っ掛けることで係留装架される。そして、各短柱４１、４１には、中間より上に梁材４の長手方向と平行に横孔４１０が設けられており、それら横穴４１に棒材６ｂを貫挿されることでロープの外れ止めを図っている。
なお、雪留め材６は、図８のように、パウダースノー対策の部材６ａ’として、金網を単独であるいは併用して張設してもよい。 In order to easily attach and mount such ropes at a predetermined interval, each beam member 4 is provided with a stop portion as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 on the upper surface of the beam member at a predetermined interval of, for example, 30 cm or less. A hollow or solid short column 41 is disposed and fixed, and the rope is passed between the short columns 41 and 41 of the left and right beam members 4 and 4, and the terminals 60 and 60 are fitted and hooked. Mounted. Each of the short pillars 41 and 41 is provided with a lateral hole 410 parallel to the longitudinal direction of the beam 4 above the middle, and the rod 6b is inserted into the lateral hole 41 to prevent the rope from coming off. I am trying.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 8, the snow retaining material 6 may be stretched as a member 6a ′ for preventing powder snow by using a wire mesh alone or in combination.

前後幅１ｍの小段部１ａに１．５ｍ程度の雪崩防止柵を施工する手順を例示すると、アンカー３を小段部１ａの近傍の所定位置に設置し、梁材４の基端側に予め連結固定しておいた支柱４ａをアンカー３に連結する。沈下が想定される場合にはエプロン４ｅを設置する。あわせて、梁材４の先端側をステー材５で法面１ｂに支持させる。ステー材５の支柱５ａは、梁材４に予め連結固定しておくと作業が用意迅速に行なわれる。   An example of the procedure for constructing an avalanche prevention fence of about 1.5 m on the small step portion 1 a having a width of 1 m in the front and rear is as follows. The previously-provided support column 4 a is connected to the anchor 3. Apron 4e is installed when subsidence is expected. At the same time, the distal end side of the beam member 4 is supported on the slope 1 b by the stay member 5. If the column 5a of the stay member 5 is connected and fixed to the beam member 4 in advance, the work is prepared and performed quickly.

次いで、左右に連なる梁材４、４の先端部間にスパン材７を連結し、ブレスロッド８、８により４点間を固定する。この状態で剛な骨格が完成するので、雪留め材６の部材６ａとしての各ロープを梁材４、４間に渡して端末のアイ６０、６０を短柱４１、４１に係留させ、棒材６ｂを短柱に通す。したがって、雪留め材６の形成作業は非常に簡単である。
以上で設置が完了するが、支柱４ａをアンカー３に対して嵌合式に連結するようにした場合には、梁材４が左右方向に振れるので調整が容易であり、かつその状態でスパン材７で天端部を固定できる。したがって設置間隔許容誤差を大きくすることができる。 Next, the span member 7 is connected between the front ends of the beam members 4, 4 that are connected to the left and right, and the four points are fixed by the brace rods 8, 8. Since the rigid skeleton is completed in this state, each rope as the member 6a of the snow retaining member 6 is passed between the beam members 4 and 4, and the terminal eyes 60 and 60 are moored to the short columns 41 and 41. Pass 6b through the short column. Therefore, the work of forming the snow retaining material 6 is very simple.
The installation is completed as described above. However, when the support column 4a is connected to the anchor 3 in a fitting manner, the beam member 4 swings in the left-right direction, so that the adjustment is easy, and the span member 7 is in that state. Can fix the top. Therefore, the installation interval tolerance can be increased.

設置状態においては、雪崩防止柵２が小段部１ａを延長した形態となるので景観を損なわず、降雪の始まりでは雪はロープ間の隙間Ｓを通過して下段の法面１ｂに積り、降雪量が多くなるとロープ間にブリッジとなって堆積する。したがって、実質的に小段部幅が増大し、しかも、雪崩防止柵２の全体が上下の法面の雪を結びつけ一体化させる節となるので、崩落雪を確実に防止できる。   In the installed state, the avalanche prevention fence 2 is in the form of extending the small step portion 1a, so that the landscape is not impaired. When it increases, it becomes a bridge between ropes and accumulates. Accordingly, the width of the small step portion is substantially increased, and the entire avalanche prevention fence 2 becomes a node that unites and integrates the snow on the upper and lower slopes, so that the falling snow can be reliably prevented.

なお、雪留め材６の部材６ａとしてロープを使用した場合、設置時の現場への搬入作業が容易になり、すぐれた強度により積雪を受け止めることができる。節部６１を配設した場合には、雪を付着させやすくなる。
融雪が始まると断面が円形であることと、可撓性と、風によるバイブレーション作用によって円滑に堆雪を落下させることができ、また細いため目立たず、景観を損なわないなどの利点がある。 In addition, when a rope is used as the member 6a of the snow retaining material 6, it is easy to carry in to the site at the time of installation, and snow can be received with excellent strength. When the node portion 61 is provided, it becomes easy to attach snow.
When snow melting begins, there are advantages such as a circular cross section, flexibility, and the ability to smoothly drop snow by vibrating action of the wind, and because it is thin, it does not stand out and does not impair the landscape.

本発明は上記実施例に限定されるものではなく、法面の地質、積雪深さ、勾配などにより種々の態様を採用し得る。
１）アンカー３は、図９(ａ)のように岩盤用（ケミカル等）アンカーであってもよいし、（ｂ）のようにコンクリートアンカーであってもよい。
２）雪留め材６として相互間に隙間Ｓを有せしめるように装架する複数の部材６ａとしては、ロープに限らず、帯鋼板、棒鋼、形鋼、パイプなどから選ばれる剛性材であってもよい。図１０はこの例を示しており、部材６ａは一定の間隔で平行状に配されて梁材４、４間に渡され、ボルトナット、あるいは溶接などによって固定される。
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modes can be adopted depending on the geology of the slope, the snow depth, the gradient, and the like.
1) The anchor 3 may be a rock (such as chemical) anchor as shown in FIG. 9A, or may be a concrete anchor as shown in FIG. 9B.
2) The plurality of members 6a to be mounted so as to have a gap S between them as the snow retaining material 6 is not limited to a rope, but is a rigid material selected from a strip steel plate, a bar steel, a shape steel, a pipe, and the like. Also good. FIG. 10 shows this example. The members 6a are arranged in parallel at regular intervals, passed between the beam members 4 and 4, and fixed by bolts and nuts or welding.

本発明による雪崩防止柵の一例を設置状態で示す側面図である。It is a side view which shows an example of the avalanche prevention fence by this invention in an installation state. (ａ)、(ｂ)は設置例の平面図である。(a), (b) is a top view of the example of installation. (ａ)は図１の一部拡大図、(ｂ)は梁材とアンカーとの取り合いを例示する部分的断面図である。1A is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 1, and FIG. 2B is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating the engagement between a beam member and an anchor. 図３(ａ)の平面図である。It is a top view of Fig.3 (a). 図４の部分的拡大図である。FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 4. 図５のａ―ａ線に沿う断面図である。FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line aa in FIG. 5. 図５のｂ―ｂ線に沿う断面図である。FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line bb in FIG. 5. 雪崩防止柵の別例を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows another example of the avalanche prevention fence. （ａ）、（ｂ）はアンカーの他の例を示す断面図である。(A), (b) is sectional drawing which shows the other example of an anchor. 雪留め材の他の例を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the other example of a snow retaining material. 雪留め材の他の例を示す側面図である。It is a side view which shows the other example of a snow stopper. 従来の雪崩防止柵の側面図である。It is a side view of the conventional avalanche prevention fence. 従来の雪崩防止柵の平面図である。It is a top view of the conventional avalanche prevention fence.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 法面
１ａ 小段部
１ｂ 斜面
２ 本発明による雪崩防止柵
３ アンカー
４ 梁材
６ 雪留め材
６ａ 部材
７ スパン材
８ ブレスロッド DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Slope 1a Small step part 1b Slope 2 Avalanche prevention fence by this invention 3 Anchor 4 Beam material
6 Snow retaining material 6a
7 Span material 8 Breath rod

Claims (3)

法面１に切土された水平状をなす小段部１ａの前端付近の次傾斜部たる法面１ｂに左右方向で間隔をおいてアンカーを埋設し、それらアンカー３の天部に小段部１ａとほぼ面一で前方に延出する梁材４の基端部をそれぞれ取付けるとともに、梁材４の延出端部位置の下部を、下端に前記法面１ｂに接地するベースプレート５ｂを備えたステー５で支持させ、かつ前記平行状の左右梁間に複数の部材６ａを相互間に隙間を有せしめてなる雪留め材６を装架したことを特徴とする雪崩防止柵。 Buried anchor to the next inclined portion serving slope 1b near the front end of the small step portion 1a forming the Cut and horizontal shape slope 1 at intervals in the lateral direction, and the small step portion 1a to the ceiling portion thereof the anchor 3 The stay 5 is provided with a base plate 5b which is attached to a base end portion of the beam member 4 at the lower end and a base plate 5b which is grounded to the slope 1b at the lower end thereof. And an avalanche prevention fence comprising a plurality of members 6a provided with a gap between the parallel left and right beams. 雪留め材の部材が複数本の線状体から構成され、それぞれリング状の端末が左右の梁材に配設した止め部に取付けられている請求項１に記載の雪崩防止柵。 The avalanche prevention fence according to claim 1 , wherein the member of the snow retaining member is constituted by a plurality of linear bodies, and ring-shaped terminals are respectively attached to stoppers disposed on the left and right beam members. 左右の梁材の先端間にはスパン材を掛け渡し固定するとともに、先端側と相手方の基端側とにブレスロッドを連結している請求項１に記載の雪崩防止柵。
The avalanche prevention fence according to claim 1, wherein a span member is spanned and fixed between the distal ends of the left and right beam members, and a brace rod is connected to the distal end side and the proximal end side of the counterpart.
JP2004023228A 2004-01-30 2004-01-30 Avalanche prevention fence Expired - Lifetime JP4225417B2 (en)

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JP4915214B2 (en) * 2006-11-10 2012-04-11 株式会社大林組 Foundation structure and method of foundation construction in embankment
JP5362523B2 (en) * 2009-10-19 2013-12-11 孝幸 阿部 Calculation method to set the step width etc. by calculating the snow pressure resistance such as slope snow pressure and step width on the slope.

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