JP4220357B2 - Method of processing inner wall surface of screw hole in casting, cast structure processed inner wall surface of hole, and inner wall processing tool - Google Patents

Method of processing inner wall surface of screw hole in casting, cast structure processed inner wall surface of hole, and inner wall processing tool Download PDF

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JP4220357B2
JP4220357B2 JP2003395231A JP2003395231A JP4220357B2 JP 4220357 B2 JP4220357 B2 JP 4220357B2 JP 2003395231 A JP2003395231 A JP 2003395231A JP 2003395231 A JP2003395231 A JP 2003395231A JP 4220357 B2 JP4220357 B2 JP 4220357B2
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正守 西名
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株式会社フルチュウ
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Description

本発明は、鋳物に形成された断面円形の穴の内壁面処理方法、穴の内壁面を処理された鋳物構造体及び内壁面処理のための処理用工具に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for treating an inner wall surface of a hole having a circular cross section formed in a casting, a casting structure obtained by treating the inner wall surface of a hole, and a processing tool for treating the inner wall surface.

従来鋳物製品は金属の結晶粒が粗く、鋳物の穴に気体、液体等の流体を封じ込んだ場合、鋳物に形成されている穴間で流体の洩れが発生することがある。例えば油圧回路を構成する油路を有するエンジン部品のケースロッカーをアルミダイカストで製造し、油路の近傍に複数のネジ穴を形成すると、油路を流通する油が金属組織の間に形成された鋳巣等を介して油が浸透し、油路からネジ穴に油が洩れるといった問題がある。   Conventional casting products have coarse metal crystal grains, and when a fluid such as gas or liquid is sealed in a casting hole, fluid leakage may occur between the holes formed in the casting. For example, when a case rocker of an engine part having an oil passage that constitutes a hydraulic circuit is manufactured by aluminum die casting and a plurality of screw holes are formed in the vicinity of the oil passage, oil flowing through the oil passage is formed between metal structures. There is a problem that oil permeates through a cast hole and the oil leaks from the oil passage into the screw hole.

このような問題を解決する方法としては、例えばネジ穴に対して部分的に樹脂、水ガラス等を含浸(有機含浸、無機含浸)させ、ネジ穴内に油が滲出することを防止する方法が知られている。この他、ネジ穴内に別の管状部材を圧入したり、或はネジ山が予め形成された部品を所望の位置に埋め込む等の方法が知られている。
特開平5−237726号 特開2000−312980
As a method for solving such a problem, for example, a method of partially impregnating a screw hole with resin, water glass or the like (organic impregnation or inorganic impregnation) to prevent oil from oozing into the screw hole is known. It has been. In addition, there are known methods such as press-fitting another tubular member into the screw hole, or embedding a part in which a thread is previously formed at a desired position.
JP-A-5-237726 JP 2000-31980

しかし、特許文献1に代表される従来の洩れ防止方法では、NC工作機械等による工作工程とは別個に樹脂等の含浸工程を必要とし、加工効率を悪化させるという欠点がある。これは、電子ビームやレーザー等で金属組織を改質する方法を採用する場合も同様であり、特にダイカストではブリスター等が発生するという問題がある。   However, the conventional leakage prevention method represented by Patent Document 1 has a drawback in that it requires a resin impregnation step separately from a machining step by an NC machine tool or the like, which deteriorates the machining efficiency. The same applies to the case where a method of modifying the metal structure with an electron beam or a laser is employed, and there is a problem that blisters and the like are generated particularly in die casting.

また、ネジ穴内に別の部材を埋め込む方法を採用した場合には、不良品の処理やリサイクルを行う場合に部品を分離する工程が必要となり、リサイクル処理の効率が悪化するという問題がある。   In addition, when a method of embedding another member in the screw hole is adopted, there is a problem that a process of separating parts is required when processing or recycling a defective product, and the efficiency of the recycling process is deteriorated.

特許文献2に記載の金属部材の円柱内面改質方法は、加工穴の底面が平坦になっていると共に、工具先端部も平坦となっており、円柱(穴)面の直径よりも外径の大きい工具を挿入することにより、穴の内径と工具の外径との差面が削り取られ、この時発生する切削熱及び摩擦熱で穴の金属内面の改質が生じる。先端部が平面な工具では送り力が過大で、高速送り(例えば100mm/min)は不可能である。また、先端部が平面な工具では摩擦熱が過大で410〜470度となり、製品に熱ひずみが生じ不具合であると共に、金属が削り取られる現象が起こり、周辺に工具を押し付ける作用が小さくなり、塑性流動はむしろ減少し、圧洩れ改善は効果的でなくなるという問題がある。   In the method of reforming the cylindrical inner surface of a metal member described in Patent Document 2, the bottom surface of the machining hole is flat, the tool tip is also flat, and the outer diameter is larger than the diameter of the cylindrical (hole) surface. By inserting a large tool, the difference between the inner diameter of the hole and the outer diameter of the tool is scraped off, and the metal inner surface of the hole is modified by the cutting heat and frictional heat generated at this time. With a tool having a flat tip, the feed force is excessive, and high speed feed (for example, 100 mm / min) is impossible. In addition, a tool with a flat tip has a frictional heat of excessively 410 to 470 degrees, which causes a problem of thermal distortion in the product, a phenomenon in which the metal is scraped off, and the action of pressing the tool around is reduced, and plasticity is reduced. There is a problem that the flow is rather reduced and the improvement of pressure leakage becomes ineffective.

また、鋳造物がアルミニウム等の非鉄金属の場合、肉厚の変化が大きいと、特に肉厚部は凝固組織が不均一となり、ピンホール、引け巣等の鋳造欠陥が生じ易いという問題もある。   In addition, when the cast is a non-ferrous metal such as aluminum, if the change in thickness is large, the solidified structure becomes uneven particularly in the thick portion, and casting defects such as pinholes and shrinkage cavities are likely to occur.

本発明は上述のような事情よりなされたものであり、本発明の目的は、非鉄金属の鋳物に形成された穴の内壁面を高速度に、かつ過熱にならないように処理することにより鋳物に特有な鋳巣を分断、消失させ、鋳物に形成されている鋳巣から流体が洩れないように金属組織を改質する鋳物の穴の内壁面処理方法、穴の内壁面処理された鋳物構造体及び内壁面処理用工具を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made under the circumstances described above, and the object of the present invention is to provide a casting by treating the inner wall surface of a hole formed in a non-ferrous metal casting at a high speed and without overheating. A method for treating the inner wall surface of a casting hole, in which the metal structure is modified so that fluid does not leak from the casting hole formed in the casting by dividing and disappearing the specific casting hole, and the casting structure in which the inner wall surface of the hole is treated. And providing an inner wall surface processing tool.

本発明は鋳物の内壁面処理方法に関し、本発明の上記目的は、アルミダイカスト製の鋳物に形成された穴に対して、前記穴の横断面面積よりも大きい横断面面積を有する工具を回転させながら送って前記穴内へ圧入し、前記工具表面と前記穴の内壁面との間に摩擦熱を発生させ、その後前記工具の回転を維持した状態で前記穴から引き出すことにより、前記内壁面の金属組織を改質して改質層を形成するようにした内壁面処理方法であって、前記穴は横断面が円形で底部が凹状になっており、前記工具は横断面が円形で棒状形状になっていると共に、前記工具の先端部は前記穴の底部の凹状に沿った凸状になっており、前記工具の材質は高速度工具鋼又は耐熱性の高い工具鋼であり、前記穴の横断面面積に対して前記工具の横断面面積1.05〜範1.30倍の範囲にあり、前記工具の回転数1600〜8000rpmの範囲であり、前記工具の送り速度100〜500mm/minの範囲であることによって達成される。
The present invention relates to a method for treating an inner wall surface of a casting, and the above object of the present invention is to rotate a tool having a cross-sectional area larger than the cross-sectional area of the hole with respect to the hole formed in the casting made of aluminum die casting. The metal on the inner wall surface is then pressed into the hole to generate frictional heat between the tool surface and the inner wall surface of the hole, and then pulled out from the hole while maintaining the rotation of the tool. An inner wall surface processing method in which a modified layer is formed by modifying a structure, wherein the hole has a circular cross section and a concave bottom, and the tool has a circular cross section and a rod shape. And the tip of the tool has a convex shape along the concave shape of the bottom of the hole, and the material of the tool is high-speed tool steel or high-heat-resistant tool steel, cross-sectional area of the tool relative to the surface area 1. 5 is in the range of range 1.30 times the rotational speed of the tool is in the range of 1600~8000Rpm, feed speed of the tool is achieved by a range of 100 to 500 mm / min.

また、本発明は内壁面処理された鋳物構造体に関し、本発明の上記目的は、アルミダイカスト製の鋳物に形成された鋳抜き穴に対して、前記穴の横断面面積よりも大きい横断面面積を有する工具を回転させながら送って前記穴内へ圧入し、前記工具表面と前記穴の内壁面との間に摩擦熱を発生させ、その後前記工具の回転を維持した状態で前記穴から引き出すことにより前記内壁面の金属組織が改質された改質層を有する内壁面処理された鋳物構造体であって、前記穴は横断面が円形で底部が凹状になっており、前記工具は横断面が円形で棒状形状になっていると共に、前記工具の先端部は前記穴の底部の凹状に沿った凸状になっており、前記工具の材質は高速度工具鋼又は耐熱性の高い工具鋼であり、前記穴の横断面面積に対して前記工具の横断面面積は1.05〜1.30倍の範囲にあり、前記工具の回転数は1600〜8000rpmの範囲であり、前記工具の送り速度は100〜500mm/minの範囲であることによって達成される。
The present invention also relates to a cast structure having an inner wall surface treatment, and the above object of the present invention is to provide a cross-sectional area larger than the cross-sectional area of the hole with respect to a cast hole formed in an aluminum die-cast casting. A tool having a rotation and press-fitting into the hole, generating frictional heat between the tool surface and the inner wall surface of the hole, and then withdrawing from the hole while maintaining the rotation of the tool An inner wall-treated casting structure having a modified layer in which the metal structure of the inner wall surface is modified, wherein the hole has a circular cross section and a concave bottom, and the tool has a cross section. The tool has a circular and rod-like shape, and the tip of the tool has a convex shape along the concave shape of the bottom of the hole, and the material of the tool is high-speed tool steel or tool steel with high heat resistance. , the tool with respect to cross-sectional area of the hole The cross-sectional area is in the range of 1.05-1.30 times, the rotational speed of the tool is in the range of 1600-8000 rpm, and the feed rate of the tool is in the range of 100-500 mm / min. The

さらに、本発明は内壁面処理用工具に関し、本発明の上記目的は、横断面円形の棒状構造の工具であって、鋳物の鋳抜き穴に挿入するための挿入部と、前記挿入部を支持する基端部とを有し、前記挿入部の先端部は凸状になっており、前記工具の材質は高速度工具鋼又は耐熱性の高い工具鋼であることによって達成される。 Furthermore, the present invention relates to a tool for the inner wall surface treatment, the object of the present invention, cross-section a tool of a circular rod-like structure, an insertion portion for insertion into a hole punching cast castings, the insertion portion The tool has a base end portion to be supported, the distal end portion of the insertion portion is convex, and the tool is made of high-speed tool steel or heat-resistant tool steel .

本発明によれば、鋳物に形成された穴の周囲に緻密な金属組織から成る改質層を形成することができ、穴内への流体の洩れを抑制若しくは防止することができ、穴開口部の横断面積に対して工具先端部の横断面積が1.05〜1.30倍の範囲とすることで、より効率よく改質層を生成することができる。また、棒状工具の回転数を1600〜8000rpmの範囲とすることによって改質層を効率よく形成でき、棒状工具の送り速度を100〜500mm/minの高速範囲とすることによって改質層を効率よく形成できる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to form a modified layer made of a dense metal structure around the hole formed in the casting, and it is possible to suppress or prevent fluid leakage into the hole. By setting the cross sectional area of the tool tip to 1.05 to 1.30 times the cross sectional area, the modified layer can be generated more efficiently. Further, the reformed layer can be efficiently formed by setting the rotational speed of the rod-shaped tool in the range of 1600 to 8000 rpm, and the modified layer can be efficiently formed by setting the feed speed of the rod-shaped tool in the high speed range of 100 to 500 mm / min. Can be formed.

更に、処理用穴を鋳抜き穴とすることで穴形成のための工程が不要となり、ドリルによる切り屑も出ず、穴及び棒状工具をテーパーを有する形状とすることで接触面に圧力を加え易くなり、より確実に摩擦熱が得られ、改質層の生成が容易となる。   In addition, by making the processing hole into a punched hole, there is no need for a step for forming a hole, no chips are generated by the drill, and pressure is applied to the contact surface by making the hole and the rod-shaped tool into a tapered shape. As a result, the frictional heat can be obtained more reliably and the generation of the modified layer is facilitated.

改質層は鋳物の金属組織が改質された層であり、他の部分の金属組織に比較して、緻密な金属組織となっている。図10(A)は本発明の処理を施しためねじ谷部における鋳物の組織図であり、図10(B)は鋳物の通常の母材の組織図であり、図11及び図12はその詳細な組織図である。図12に示すように、ダイカストの鋳造組織(as cast組織)はαデンドライト(AlにSi、Cu、Mg等が固溶した樹枝状晶)と共晶(主としてSiが同時に晶出したもので、これらが混在しているもの)に分けられている。これに対し、本発明の処理を施された組織は図11に示すように、成形加工により塑性流動を受けるとas cast組織はα晶及び共晶が分断され、その結果として鋳巣及びガスポロシティは分断され、更にメタルが充填されることにより大半は消失していることが分かる。   The modified layer is a layer in which the metal structure of the casting is modified, and has a dense metal structure as compared with the metal structure of other portions. FIG. 10 (A) is a structure diagram of a casting in a thread valley portion for performing the process of the present invention, FIG. 10 (B) is a structure diagram of a normal base material of the casting, and FIGS. 11 and 12 are the details thereof. Organization chart. As shown in FIG. 12, the cast structure of the die casting (as cast structure) is an α dendrite (a dendritic crystal in which Si, Cu, Mg, etc. are dissolved in Al) and a eutectic (mainly Si is crystallized simultaneously, These are mixed). On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 11, when the structure subjected to the treatment of the present invention is subjected to plastic flow by forming, the as cast structure is divided into α crystal and eutectic, and as a result, the cast hole and gas porosity are divided. It can be seen that most of them disappeared by being divided and filled with metal.

本発明は、ダイカスト鋳物製部材、砂型鋳物部材、金型鋳物部材、低圧鋳造鋳物部材等の鋳抜き及び加工穴にネジ下穴径の工具を高速回転、高速送りで挿入し、このとき発生する摩擦熱により素材を軟化させ、塑性流動を起こし、鋳巣への金属の充填及び鋳巣の分断を惹起させ、その結果として圧洩れの原因である鋳巣回路を分断して圧洩れを防止するようにしたものである。摩擦熱の温度が350℃以上になると、素材に変形及びブリスターの発生等の問題が生じる可能性が大きくなってくるので、本発明では230〜320℃になるようにしている。   The present invention occurs when a tool having a diameter of a screw hole is inserted into a die-casting member, a sand casting member, a die casting member, a low-pressure casting member, or the like at a high-speed rotation and high-speed feed into a processing hole. Softens the material by frictional heat, causes plastic flow, causes metal filling in the casting cavity and breaks the casting cavity, and as a result, breaks the casting cavity circuit that causes pressure leakage to prevent pressure leakage. It is what I did. If the temperature of the frictional heat is 350 ° C. or higher, there is a greater possibility of problems such as deformation and blistering in the material. Therefore, in the present invention, the temperature is set to 230 to 320 ° C.

以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態について、図面を参照して詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

図1は、アルミダイカスト製の鋳物1に形成された穴(鋳抜き穴)2を示し、底部21へ向けて横断面面積が漸減した形状(テーパー)となっており、穴2の底部21は半球状の凹面となっている。穴2の内壁面22を処理する本発明の工具3は図2に示す構造となっている。即ち、工具3は例えば高速度工具鋼(SKH)で構成されており、断面形状が円形の棒状であり、穴2の直径に対応した径(やや大)を有して内壁面22を処理する挿入部32と、挿入部32よりも太い径を有して挿入部32を支持する基端部31とを備えており、挿入部32の先端部は半球状の凸部となっていると共に、先端部へ向けて横断面積が漸減するテーパーを有している。そのテーパー角度は、穴2の内周面の傾斜する角度と同じか、又はより大きく傾斜して形成されている。挿入部32の長さLは穴2の深さと同一か又は若干長く形成されており、挿入部32と基端部31との境界部の基端部31は、丸み付け(R)若しくは面取りがされた傾斜形状35となっている。   FIG. 1 shows a hole (cast hole) 2 formed in a casting 1 made of aluminum die-casting, and has a shape (taper) in which the cross-sectional area gradually decreases toward the bottom 21, and the bottom 21 of the hole 2 is It has a hemispherical concave surface. The tool 3 of the present invention for processing the inner wall surface 22 of the hole 2 has a structure shown in FIG. That is, the tool 3 is made of, for example, high-speed tool steel (SKH), has a circular cross-sectional shape, and has a diameter (slightly large) corresponding to the diameter of the hole 2 to process the inner wall surface 22. The insertion portion 32 includes a base end portion 31 that has a diameter larger than that of the insertion portion 32 and supports the insertion portion 32, and the distal end portion of the insertion portion 32 is a hemispherical convex portion. It has a taper in which the cross-sectional area gradually decreases toward the tip. The taper angle is formed to be the same as or larger than the angle of inclination of the inner peripheral surface of the hole 2. The length L of the insertion portion 32 is the same as or slightly longer than the depth of the hole 2, and the base end portion 31 at the boundary between the insertion portion 32 and the base end portion 31 is rounded (R) or chamfered. The inclined shape 35 is formed.

図3は工具3の詳細構造を示しており、挿入部32のテーパーは、穴2のテーパーに応じて0〜60度の範囲となっている。また、基端部31の面取りは0〜180度の範囲であれば良い。   FIG. 3 shows the detailed structure of the tool 3, and the taper of the insertion portion 32 is in the range of 0 to 60 degrees depending on the taper of the hole 2. Further, the chamfering of the base end portion 31 may be in the range of 0 to 180 degrees.

以上のような鋳物1に形成された穴2に対して、図4に示すように工具3を穴2の軸線上に配置し、回転(1600〜8000rpm)させながら穴2内へ挿入する(送り速度は100〜500mm/min)。工具3の挿入部32の外径は穴2の内径より若干大きく形成されているので、工具3の外周面34と穴2の内壁(内周面)22とが圧接された状態で、かつ相対的に(本例では工具3が回転)回転するため、両表面の間には高い摩擦熱が発生し、この発生した摩擦熱によって穴2の内壁表面の金属組織は塑性変形される。工具3の挿入部32は、穴2のテーパーに応じたテーパーを有しているため、工具3の外周面34が穴2の内壁22を隙間なく効率良く圧接することができる。また、工具3の先端部33が半球状の凸状形状となっているので、工具3の回転及び送り運動により先端部33で鋳物1を押し付ける力がより働いて摩擦が生じ、穴2の内壁22に摩擦熱が発生し、緻密な金属組織を形成することができ、内壁部の鋳巣を分断消失させ、金属組織が分断される。   With respect to the hole 2 formed in the casting 1 as described above, the tool 3 is arranged on the axis of the hole 2 as shown in FIG. 4 and is inserted into the hole 2 while being rotated (1600 to 8000 rpm) (feed). The speed is 100 to 500 mm / min). Since the outer diameter of the insertion portion 32 of the tool 3 is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the hole 2, the outer peripheral surface 34 of the tool 3 and the inner wall (inner peripheral surface) 22 of the hole 2 are in pressure contact with each other, and Therefore, since the tool 3 rotates (in this example, the tool 3 rotates), high frictional heat is generated between both surfaces, and the metal structure on the inner wall surface of the hole 2 is plastically deformed by the generated frictional heat. Since the insertion portion 32 of the tool 3 has a taper corresponding to the taper of the hole 2, the outer peripheral surface 34 of the tool 3 can efficiently press-contact the inner wall 22 of the hole 2 without a gap. Further, since the tip portion 33 of the tool 3 has a hemispherical convex shape, the force that presses the casting 1 at the tip portion 33 by the rotation and feed movement of the tool 3 acts more and friction occurs, and the inner wall of the hole 2 The frictional heat is generated in 22 and a dense metal structure can be formed, the cast hole in the inner wall portion is divided and disappeared, and the metal structure is divided.

工具3を穴2内一杯に挿入すると、基端部31の傾斜形状35が穴2の内壁22上部に当接するので、摩擦で生成されたバリ等が穴2から突出した場合でも、確実に解消することができる。   When the tool 3 is fully inserted into the hole 2, the inclined shape 35 of the base end portion 31 comes into contact with the upper portion of the inner wall 22 of the hole 2, so that even if a burr generated by friction protrudes from the hole 2, it is surely eliminated. can do.

さらに、工具3を回転しながら穴2から引き抜くことによって鋳物1の母体が熱を吸収し、熱せられた部分は急冷される。工具3の引き抜きは、挿入時と同様に回転数1600〜8000rpmで行うが、この回転も相対的に行えば良い。これは工具3への素材金属の付着を少なくして、平滑な仕上り面を得るのに必要な条件となっており、回転を続けることにより周辺に摩擦熱を供給し続け、素材収縮による工具3の拘束力を少なくすると共に、回転抵抗を少なくする作用で平滑面が得られる。これにより、熱せられた穴2の内壁面から0.5〜3.0mm程度の深さには、図5に示すように改質層22Aが形成される。改質層22Aは鋳物1の金属組織が改質された層であり、他の部分の金属組織に比較して、より緻密な金属組織となっている。本発明の工具3は、基端部31の外側下部に傾斜形状35を有しているため、穴2の内壁上部に接触してバリ等を解消するので、円滑な平坦となっている。   Furthermore, by pulling out from the hole 2 while rotating the tool 3, the base body of the casting 1 absorbs heat, and the heated portion is rapidly cooled. The extraction of the tool 3 is performed at a rotation speed of 1600 to 8000 rpm as in the insertion, but this rotation may be performed relatively. This is a necessary condition for reducing the adhesion of the material metal to the tool 3 and obtaining a smooth finished surface. By continuing to rotate, the frictional heat is continuously supplied to the periphery, and the tool 3 due to material shrinkage. A smooth surface can be obtained by reducing the rotational force and reducing the rotational force. As a result, a modified layer 22A is formed at a depth of about 0.5 to 3.0 mm from the inner wall surface of the heated hole 2 as shown in FIG. The modified layer 22A is a layer in which the metal structure of the casting 1 is modified, and has a finer metal structure than the metal structure of other portions. Since the tool 3 of the present invention has the inclined shape 35 at the outer lower portion of the base end portion 31, the tool 3 comes into contact with the inner wall upper portion of the hole 2 to eliminate burrs and the like, so that it is smooth and flat.

このような改質層22Aを効率良く生成するには、例えば工具3の回転数を1600〜8000rpmの範囲とするのが良い。この範囲より小さくすると十分な発熱が得られず、大きくすると無駄な動力の使用となる。また、工具3の送り速度は100〜500mm/minの範囲とするのが好ましい。この範囲より小さくすると加工効率が悪化し、速くすると改質層22Aが十分に形成され難くなる。図6は工具回転数(rpm)と送り速度(mm/min)との相関関係の実測図を示しており、この図6から工具3の回転数を1600〜8000rpmの範囲とし、工具3の送り速度は100〜500mm/minの範囲とする。この条件で内壁面処理すると、工具3への鋳物金属の付着が少なくなり、平滑な仕上り面を形成することができる。   In order to efficiently generate such a modified layer 22A, for example, the rotational speed of the tool 3 is preferably set in a range of 1600 to 8000 rpm. If it is smaller than this range, sufficient heat generation cannot be obtained, and if it is larger, useless power is used. The feed speed of the tool 3 is preferably in the range of 100 to 500 mm / min. If it is smaller than this range, the processing efficiency will deteriorate, and if it is faster, the modified layer 22A will not be sufficiently formed. FIG. 6 shows an actual measurement of the correlation between the tool rotation speed (rpm) and the feed speed (mm / min). From FIG. 6, the rotation speed of the tool 3 is set to a range of 1600 to 8000 rpm, and the feed of the tool 3 is made. The speed is in the range of 100 to 500 mm / min. When the inner wall surface treatment is performed under these conditions, adhesion of the cast metal to the tool 3 is reduced, and a smooth finished surface can be formed.

工具径、面積比、回転数、送り速度、温度の関係は実際には下記表1のようになり、摩擦温度が230〜320℃であることが確認された。この表1から回転数1500rpm、送り速度100〜300mm/minでは工具の挿入が不可能であり、回転数6000〜8000rpm、送り速度500〜800mm/minでは裏ボスに対する熱の伝達がないため、製品の裏ボスに割れが生じてしまうことが分かる。また、回転数0で穴から引き出すと、工具3に付着したアルミ溶着が穴2の入り口にタテバリを生じる。   The relationship among the tool diameter, area ratio, rotational speed, feed rate, and temperature is actually as shown in Table 1 below, and it was confirmed that the friction temperature was 230 to 320 ° C. From Table 1, it is impossible to insert a tool at a rotational speed of 1500 rpm and a feed speed of 100 to 300 mm / min, and no heat is transferred to the back boss at a rotational speed of 6000 to 8000 rpm and a feed speed of 500 to 800 mm / min. It turns out that a crack occurs in the back boss. Further, when pulled out from the hole at a rotation speed of 0, the aluminum weld attached to the tool 3 causes vertical burrs at the entrance of the hole 2.

Figure 0004220357
また、表2はネジ下穴径に対する横断面面積比の関係を示しており、本発明では横断面面積比1.05〜1.30倍(直径で1.02〜1.14倍)を使用するようになっている。この表2からも分かるように、断面積比1.05倍以下では十分な摩擦熱が発生せず、1.30倍以上では摩擦熱を過剰に発生して、素材温度が上昇して変形が生じる。断面積比が1.30倍以上では、摩擦熱を発生するには100mm/min以下の送り速度で成形する必要があり、生産性に問題が生じるし、同様に送り速度を下げると発生熱温度が上昇し、製品に変形が生じる問題がある。通常のダイカスト鋳物部材では、工具断面積比が1.30倍以下であれば盛り上がりバリのないネジ下穴の成形が可能である。通常のダイカスト鋳物は高速射出で鋳造するため、鋳巣及びガスポロシティがかなり多く存在するため、その部分に金属が充填されるため盛り上がらない。
Figure 0004220357
Table 2 shows the relationship of the cross-sectional area ratio to the screw pilot hole diameter. In the present invention, a cross-sectional area ratio of 1.05 to 1.30 times (1.02 to 1.14 times in diameter) is used. It is supposed to be. As can be seen from Table 2, sufficient frictional heat is not generated when the cross-sectional area ratio is 1.05 times or less, and excessive frictional heat is generated when the cross-sectional area ratio is 1.30 times or more. Arise. When the cross-sectional area ratio is 1.30 times or more, it is necessary to mold at a feed rate of 100 mm / min or less in order to generate frictional heat, which causes a problem in productivity. Similarly, if the feed rate is lowered, the generated heat temperature As a result, there is a problem that the product is deformed. In a normal die-cast casting member, if the tool cross-sectional area ratio is 1.30 times or less, it is possible to form a screw pilot hole without a raised burr. Since normal die-cast castings are cast by high-speed injection, there are quite a large amount of voids and gas porosity, so that the portion is filled with metal and does not rise.

Figure 0004220357
なお、工具3は、NC工作機械やラジアルボール盤等の工作機械による機械加工ライン内で使用することができる。
Figure 0004220357
The tool 3 can be used in a machining line by a machine tool such as an NC machine tool or a radial drilling machine.

以上のようにして改質層22Aが生成された穴2には、図7に示されるように、例えばタッピング装置によって雌ネジ23が形成される。近傍に形成された油路5から油が洩出した場合には、この改質層22Aによって、穴2内への油の洩出は抑制若しくは防止される。   In the hole 2 in which the modified layer 22A is generated as described above, a female screw 23 is formed by a tapping device, for example, as shown in FIG. When oil leaks from the oil passage 5 formed in the vicinity, the oil leakage into the hole 2 is suppressed or prevented by the modified layer 22A.

なお、上述では工具3の先端部33を半球状の凸部にしているが、図8に示すように丸み(R)を付けた形状35であっても良く、図9に示すように角部を面取りした形状36であっても良い。穴2がテーパーを有していない場合には、工具3の挿入部32はテーパーをつけなくてもよい。   In the above description, the tip portion 33 of the tool 3 is a hemispherical convex portion, but it may be a round shape (R) 35 as shown in FIG. 8, and a corner portion as shown in FIG. The shape 36 may be chamfered. When the hole 2 does not have a taper, the insertion portion 32 of the tool 3 does not need to be tapered.

また、鋳物1はダイカストの他、金型鋳物、砂型鋳物、低圧鋳物等も含まれ、製造手段に限定されるものではない。非鉄金属として鋳物材料は、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金のほか、マグネシウム、マグネシウム合金であっても良い。さらに、鋳物には亜鉛合金鋳物、銅合金鋳物も含まれる。   The casting 1 includes die casting, die casting, sand casting, low pressure casting and the like, and is not limited to the manufacturing means. As a non-ferrous metal, the casting material may be magnesium or a magnesium alloy in addition to aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Further, the casting includes a zinc alloy casting and a copper alloy casting.

本実施形態では、穴2は鋳抜き穴であったが、ドリル等によって形成されたドリル穴であっても良い。下穴の形成方法は、特に限定されない。鋳抜き穴である場合には、穴形成のための工程が不要になること、ドリルによる切り屑が出ないこと等の点で特に好ましい。また、ドリル等で穴を形成する場合には、鋳型の形状を変更する必要がなく、設計変更が容易である点で好ましい。金型の構造上鋳抜きピンを設置できない場合や鋳抜き穴が小さ過ぎる場合等で、鋳抜き穴が存在しない個所においては鋳抜き穴相当のドリル加工穴を用いることができる。この場合、ドリル加工穴寸法は鋳抜き穴と同様である。   In the present embodiment, the hole 2 is a cast hole, but it may be a drill hole formed by a drill or the like. The method for forming the pilot hole is not particularly limited. In the case of a punched hole, it is particularly preferable in that a step for forming a hole is not necessary and that no chips are generated by a drill. Moreover, when forming a hole with a drill etc., it is preferable at the point which does not need to change the shape of a casting_mold | template and a design change is easy. A drilled hole corresponding to a cast hole can be used in a place where the cast hole does not exist, for example, when a cast pin cannot be installed due to the structure of the mold or when the cast hole is too small. In this case, the drilled hole dimensions are the same as the punched holes.

さらに、工具3の材質は合金工具鋼(SKS,SKD,SKH等)の耐熱性の高い工具鋼を使用すれば良く、アルミニウム付着防止のために浸炭、窒化、セラミックコーティング表面硬化処理を施しても良い。さらに、工具3の形状は、外周面にネジを形成した構成とすることもできる。この場合、工具3の先端を穴2の底まで到達させた後、ネジが抜ける方向に工具3を回転させ、ネジのピッチに合わせて工具3を引き抜くことで、改質22Aの生成と同時にネジを形成することができる。   Furthermore, the tool 3 may be made of a tool steel having high heat resistance such as alloy tool steel (SKS, SKD, SKH, etc.), and carburizing, nitriding, and ceramic coating surface hardening treatment may be performed to prevent aluminum adhesion. good. Furthermore, the shape of the tool 3 can also be set as the structure which formed the screw | thread in the outer peripheral surface. In this case, after the tip of the tool 3 reaches the bottom of the hole 2, the tool 3 is rotated in the direction in which the screw is removed, and the tool 3 is pulled out in accordance with the pitch of the screw. Can be formed.

本発明の鋳物の穴周辺組織改質方法は、内部に油圧経路を有する油圧機器部品、ガス経路が設けられているガス機器部品の鋳物であり、このような鋳物としては、例えばエンジン部品として、ロッカーカバー,ケースロッカー,ケースブラケット,シリンダーヘット,シリンダーブロック,クランクケース,オイルパン,フロントカバー,ケースフロント,リテーナフロント,インレットマニホールド,ケースオイルクーラー,ケースオイルフィルター,ケースリァー,ハウジングフライホイール等が挙げられる。エンジン部品、駆動部このほか、油圧機器、ガス機器のケース類、ボデー類、カバー類等も挙げられる。また、駆動部品としては、ハウジングクラッチ、ケーストランスミッション、ギアボックス、クオトラントボックス、リアーカバー、ハウジングエクステンションにも適用できる。   The casting hole peripheral structure modification method of the present invention is a hydraulic equipment part having a hydraulic path inside, a casting of a gas equipment part provided with a gas path, and as such a casting, for example, as an engine part, Rocker cover, case locker, case bracket, cylinder head, cylinder block, crankcase, oil pan, front cover, case front, retainer front, inlet manifold, case oil cooler, case oil filter, case rear, housing flywheel, etc. . In addition to engine parts, drive units, hydraulic equipment, gas equipment cases, bodies, covers, and the like. Moreover, as a drive component, it is applicable also to a housing clutch, a case transmission, a gear box, a quartz box, a rear cover, and a housing extension.

以上、本発明の実施形態を説明したが、上述した内容は本発明の一実施の形態であり、本発明がこれに限定される趣旨のものではない。なお、図13に示すように、底部を有さない穴の内壁面にも本発明による方法を利用することが可能である。   As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, the content mentioned above is one Embodiment of this invention, and is not a thing of the meaning that this invention is limited to this. As shown in FIG. 13, the method according to the present invention can also be used for the inner wall surface of a hole having no bottom.

鋳物に形成された穴の形状例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the example of the shape of the hole formed in the casting. 本発明で使用する処理用工具の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the processing tool used by this invention. 工具の詳細構造を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the detailed structure of a tool. 穴(鋳抜き穴)に工具を挿入した状態を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the state which inserted the tool in the hole (cast hole). 本発明の処理をした金属組織の変形例を示す穴の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the hole which shows the modification of the metal structure | tissue which processed the present invention. 工具回転数と送り速度との関係を示す相関図である。It is a correlation diagram which shows the relationship between a tool rotation speed and a feed rate. 鋳物にネジを加工した場合の油路との位置関係を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the positional relationship with the oil path at the time of processing a screw to a casting. 工具の他の例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the other example of a tool. 工具の他の例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the other example of a tool. 本発明の効果を示す金属組織図(写真)である。It is a metal structure figure (photograph) which shows the effect of this invention. 本発明の効果を示す金属組織図(写真)である。It is a metal structure figure (photograph) which shows the effect of this invention. ダイカスト母材の金属組織図(写真)である。It is a metal structure figure (photograph) of a die-cast base material. 底部を有さない穴に工具を挿入した状態を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the state which inserted the tool in the hole which does not have a bottom part.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 鋳物
2 穴(鋳抜き穴)
3 工具
21 底部
22 内壁
22A 改質層
5 油路
1 Casting 2 Hole (Cast hole)
3 Tool 21 Bottom 22 Inner wall 22A Modified layer 5 Oil passage

Claims (10)

アルミダイカスト製の鋳物に形成された穴に対して、前記穴の横断面面積よりも大きい横断面面積を有する工具を回転させながら送って前記穴内へ圧入し、前記工具表面と前記穴の内壁面との間に摩擦熱を発生させ、その後前記工具の回転を維持した状態で前記穴から引き出すことにより、前記内壁面の金属組織を改質して改質層を形成するようにした内壁面処理方法であって、
前記穴は横断面が円形で底部が凹状になっており、前記工具は横断面が円形で棒状形状になっていると共に、前記工具の先端部は前記穴の底部の凹状に沿った凸状になっており、前記工具の材質は高速度工具鋼又は耐熱性の高い工具鋼であり、前記穴の横断面面積に対して前記工具の横断面面積1.05〜1.30倍の範囲にあり、前記工具の回転数1600〜8000rpmの範囲であり、前記工具の送り速度100〜500mm/minの範囲であることを特徴とする鋳物の内壁面処理方法。
A tool having a cross-sectional area larger than the cross-sectional area of the hole is sent to the hole formed in the aluminum die-cast casting while rotating and press-fitted into the hole, and the tool surface and the inner wall surface of the hole Inner wall surface treatment in which a modified layer is formed by modifying the metal structure of the inner wall surface by generating frictional heat between the two and then pulling out the hole while maintaining the rotation of the tool. A method,
The hole has a circular cross section and a concave bottom, and the tool has a circular cross section and a bar shape, and the tip of the tool has a convex shape along the concave shape of the bottom of the hole. The material of the tool is high-speed tool steel or tool steel with high heat resistance, and the cross-sectional area of the tool is in the range of 1.05 to 1.30 times the cross-sectional area of the hole. There, the rotational speed of the tool is in the range of 1600~8000Rpm, inner wall surface treatment method of the casting, wherein the feed speed of the tool is in the range of 100 to 500 mm / min.
前記穴が鋳抜き穴である請求項1に記載の鋳物の内壁面処理方法。 The method for treating an inner wall surface of a casting according to claim 1, wherein the hole is a cast hole. 前記穴は横断面面積が漸減する形状であると共に、前記工具は先端部へ向けて横断面面積が漸減するテーパーを底部へ向けて有している請求項1又は2に記載の鋳物の内壁面処理方法。The inner wall surface of the casting according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hole has a shape in which a cross-sectional area gradually decreases, and the tool has a taper in which a cross-sectional area gradually decreases toward a tip portion toward a bottom portion. Processing method. アルミダイカスト製の鋳物に形成された鋳抜き穴に対して、前記穴の横断面面積よりも大きい横断面面積を有する工具を回転させながら送って前記穴内へ圧入し、前記工具表面と前記穴の内壁面との間に摩擦熱を発生させ、その後前記工具の回転を維持した状態で前記穴から引き出すことにより前記内壁面の金属組織が改質された改質層を有する内壁面処理された鋳物構造体であって、For a punched hole formed in an aluminum die-cast casting, a tool having a cross-sectional area larger than the cross-sectional area of the hole is sent while rotating and press-fitted into the hole, and the tool surface and the hole An inner wall-treated casting having a modified layer in which the metal structure of the inner wall surface is modified by generating frictional heat with the inner wall surface and then pulling out the hole while maintaining the rotation of the tool. A structure,
前記穴は横断面が円形で底部が凹状になっており、前記工具は横断面が円形で棒状形状になっていると共に、前記工具の先端部は前記穴の底部の凹状に沿った凸状になっており、前記工具の材質は高速度工具鋼又は耐熱性の高い工具鋼であり、前記穴の横断面面積に対して前記工具の横断面面積は1.05〜1.30倍の範囲にあり、前記工具の回転数は1600〜8000rpmの範囲であり、前記工具の送り速度は100〜500mm/minの範囲であることを特徴とする内壁面処理された鋳物構造体。The hole has a circular cross section and a concave bottom, and the tool has a circular cross section and a bar shape, and the tip of the tool has a convex shape along the concave shape of the bottom of the hole. The material of the tool is high-speed tool steel or tool steel with high heat resistance, and the cross-sectional area of the tool is in the range of 1.05 to 1.30 times the cross-sectional area of the hole. And a rotating speed of the tool is in a range of 1600 to 8000 rpm, and a feed speed of the tool is in a range of 100 to 500 mm / min.
前記鋳抜き穴が底部へ向けて横断面面積が漸減する形状となっている請求項4に記載の内壁面処理された鋳物構造体。The cast structure subjected to the inner wall surface treatment according to claim 4, wherein the cast hole has a shape in which a cross-sectional area gradually decreases toward the bottom. 横断面が円形の棒状構造の工具であって、鋳物の鋳抜き穴に挿入するための挿入部と、前記挿入部を支持する基端部とを有し、前記挿入部の先端部は凸状になっており、前記工具の材質は高速度工具鋼又は耐熱性の高い工具鋼である請求項1乃至3の内壁面処理方法において使用する内壁面処理用工具。A tool having a rod-like structure with a circular cross section, having an insertion portion for insertion into a casting hole of a casting, and a base end portion for supporting the insertion portion, and the distal end portion of the insertion portion is convex The tool for inner wall surface processing used in the inner wall surface processing method according to claim 1, wherein the material of the tool is high-speed tool steel or tool steel having high heat resistance. 前記挿入部が前記先端部へ向けて横断面面積が漸減するテーパーを有している請求項6に記載の内壁面処理用工具。The inner wall surface processing tool according to claim 6, wherein the insertion portion has a taper in which a cross-sectional area gradually decreases toward the distal end portion. 前記先端部が半球状になっている請求項6又は7に記載の内壁面処理用工具。The inner wall surface processing tool according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the tip portion is hemispherical. 前記先端部が丸みを有している請求項6又は7に記載の内壁面処理用工具。The inner wall surface processing tool according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the tip end portion is rounded. 前記先端部が角部を面取りした形状となっている請求項6又は7に記載の内壁面処理用工具。The inner wall surface processing tool according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the tip has a shape with a chamfered corner.
JP2003395231A 2002-12-09 2003-11-26 Method of processing inner wall surface of screw hole in casting, cast structure processed inner wall surface of hole, and inner wall processing tool Expired - Fee Related JP4220357B2 (en)

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