JP4209175B2 - Waste disposal method - Google Patents

Waste disposal method Download PDF

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JP4209175B2
JP4209175B2 JP2002322223A JP2002322223A JP4209175B2 JP 4209175 B2 JP4209175 B2 JP 4209175B2 JP 2002322223 A JP2002322223 A JP 2002322223A JP 2002322223 A JP2002322223 A JP 2002322223A JP 4209175 B2 JP4209175 B2 JP 4209175B2
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waste
melting furnace
harmful substances
box
fuel
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JP2004154666A (en
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正一 久米
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株式会社還元溶融技術研究所
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、PCB、廃液、廃油などの難分解な有害物質を構成部材またはその一部として保有するトランスやコンデンサー等の各種装置や、前記有害物質を内容物またはその一部として収納するドラム缶や箱等の各種容器のような廃棄物の処理方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
例えば、トランス(変圧器)等の設備の内部には、絶縁体として有害物質であるPCBを含んでいるため、従来においては、変圧器の解体処理は、有害物質の外部への流出の問題等からほとんど実施されていないのが実情である。
また、PCB、廃液、医療廃棄物等を収納または付着したドラム缶の解体処理においても、同様な理由から実施されてなく、加えて、有害物質を無害化するための高温溶融処理もできないのが実情である。
【0003】
PCB等の有害物質を構成部材の一部として保有する、例えば変圧器などの装置を廃棄物として処理する従来法では、その保有する有害物質をこの装置から分離し、残った装置をガス切断や機械的シュレッダー切断によって解体処理するのが一般的であるが、通常は、この解体処理を行う際に重大な問題が生じる。
すなわち、ガス切断によって解体処理を行う場合には、そのガスのフレームによって装置に付着した有害物質、例えばPCBが有害ガスを発生する恐れがあり、また、シュレッダー切断によって解体処理を行う場合には、切断中に生じる金属火花がPCBに引火しやすく、いずれにしても、安全面で問題を抱えていた。
【0004】
また、従来の解体処理方法では、変圧器本体だけでなく、それを切断する切断機にもPCBや廃液等の有害物質が付着することになるため、それらを洗浄するための新たな設備が必要となっていた。
【0005】
さらに、有害物質であるPCBは、分解温度が1300℃程度と高く熱分解しにくく、通常の焼却炉などで廃棄物を処理するような900℃以下の低温で酸化熱分解を行うと、不完全燃焼によりPCBよりもっと有毒な塩化ジベンゾフランや塩化ジベンゾジオキシン(ダイオキシン)が生成するという問題があった。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、上述した従来の問題点を解消して、PCB、廃液、廃油などの難分解な有害物質を構成部材またはその一部として保有するトランスやコンデンサー等の各種装置や、前記有害物質を内容物またはその一部として収納するドラム缶や箱等の各種容器のような廃棄物を、有害物質を外部へ流出させることなく安全に処理する方法を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、第1発明は、PCB、廃液、廃油などの難分解な有害物質を構成部材またはその一部として保有するトランスやコンデンサー等の各種装置や、前記有害物質を内容物またはその一部として収納するドラム缶や箱等の各種容器のような廃棄物を、該廃棄物の処理容積が1.5m(長さ)×1.5m(幅)×1.5m(高さ)以下の場合には、切断解体処理しない状態で1300℃以上の溶融炉に燃料として投入し、前記廃棄物の処理容積が、1.5m(長さ)×1.5m(幅)×1.5m(高さ)を超える場合には、前記廃棄物を、密閉されたボックス内に収納した後、4.9〜29.4MPaの範囲の圧力の高圧水を用いて、前記ボックス内に収納された廃棄物を、安全に切断解体してから溶融炉内に燃料として投入し、高温で溶融処理することによって、前記有害物質を熱分解して無害化することを特徴とする廃棄物の処理方法である。
【0008】
第2発明は、PCB、廃液、廃油などの難分解な有害物質を構成部材として保有するトランスやコンデンサー等の各種装置や、前記有害物質を内容物として収納するドラム缶や箱等の各種容器のような廃棄物から、ポンプや機械的手段を用いて、前記構成部材や前記内容物を分離した後、前記構成部材や前記内容物を分離した廃棄物の残部の処理容積が1.5m(長さ)×1.5m(幅)×1.5m(高さ)以下の場合には、切断解体処理しない状態で1300℃以上の溶融炉に燃料として投入し、前記廃棄物の残部の処理容積が、1.5m(長さ)×1.5m(幅)×1.5m(高さ)を超える場合には、前記廃棄物の残部を、密閉されたボックス内に収納した後、4.9〜29.4MPaの範囲の圧力の高圧水を用いて、前記ボックス内に収納された前記廃棄物の残部を、安全に切断解体してから溶融炉内に燃料として投入し、さらに、分離した前記構成部材や前記内容物も、前記廃棄物の残部とは別々に燃料として投入し、高温で溶融処理することによって、前記有害物質を熱分解して無害化することを特徴とする廃棄物の処理方法である。
【0009】
第1発明および第2発明とも、前記廃棄物が、切断解体処理しない状態では、溶融炉に投入できない大きさを有する場合には、前記廃棄物または前記構成部材や前記内容物を分離した廃棄物の残部を、高圧水を用いて安全に切断解体してから溶融炉内に投入すればよい。
【0011】
また、廃棄物の切断解体は、密閉されたボックス内で行うことが必要である。この際、高圧水を用いて廃棄物を切断した後に前記ボックス内に溜まった汚染水や廃液等の有害物質を含んだ液体は、前記ボックス内で回収され、この回収した液体は、そのまま溶融炉に投入するか、あるいは、有害物質と水とに比重差を用いて分離した後、有害物質を溶融炉の燃料として投入するとともに、水を浄化後に高圧水として再利用することがより好適である。
【0012】
第1および第2発明とも、前記溶融処理を行う際の溶融炉内の雰囲気は非酸化性雰囲気であることが好ましく、また、溶融炉内で発生するガスを回収し、この回収したガスをガス燃焼炉で完全に燃焼させた後、冷却塔で急速に冷却し、その後、この冷却したガスを、集塵機で清浄化してから煙突または排気塔より系外に排出することが好ましい。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に従う廃棄物の処理方法を図面を参照しながら説明する。
図1は、本発明の廃棄物処理方法に用いた処理装置の一例を示したものである。
図に示す廃棄物処理装置1は、PCB、廃液、廃油などの難分解な有害物質を構成部材またはその一部として保有するトランスやコンデンサー等の各種装置や、前記有害物質を内容物(医療廃棄物も含む。)またはその一部として収納するドラム缶や箱等の各種容器のような廃棄物を投入できる溶融炉2を有している。
【0014】
溶融炉2は、廃棄物をPCBを完全に熱分解できる高温、具体的には、PCBを完全に熱分解できる温度である1300℃以上から、炉を構成する耐火物の耐火限界温度である2600℃以下までの温度域内で溶融処理できる炉であればよく、例えば、高炉、還元溶融炉、ガス化溶融炉などが挙げられる。なお、図1に示す溶融炉2は、コークスベッド式のガス化溶融炉である場合を示す。
【0016】
そして、廃棄物は、まず溶融炉2に切断解体処理しない状態でそのまま投入し、廃棄物を溶融する。この溶融処理を行う際の溶融炉2内の雰囲気は、非酸化性雰囲気、より具体的には、高炉あるいは還元溶融炉特有の還元雰囲気か、もしくはガス吹込み口3から吹き込まれるアルゴンガスや窒素ガスによって中性雰囲気に保つことが、酸化熱分解によってPCBよりも有毒なダイオキシン等が生成するするのを抑制できる点で好ましい。
【0017】
また、溶融炉2で廃棄物を溶融する温度は、PCB等が完全に熱分解する1300℃以上であるため、溶融炉2内で、PCB等の有害物質を無害化して安全に処理することができるとともに、有害物質を含む構成部材を保有していた装置や、有害物質を含む内容物を収納していた容器を溶融して、メタルやスラグなどの有価物として回収し、再資源化することができる。
【0018】
一方、溶融炉2から発生するガスは回収され、この回収したガスを、図1に示すように、ガス燃焼炉4で再び燃焼させて未燃物が発生しないようにし、その後、冷却塔5で急速に冷却した後、この冷却したガスを、集じん機6で清浄化してから煙突または排気塔7より系外に排出することが好ましい。
【0019】
さらに、この発明の廃棄物の他の処理方法としては、廃棄物から、ポンプや機械的手段を用いて、廃棄物から前記構成部材や前記内容物を分離した後、前記構成部材や前記内容物と、切断解体処理しない状態の廃棄物の残部とを、別々に溶融炉に燃料として投入し、高温で溶融処理することによって、前記有害物質を熱分解して無害化することもできる。この方法によれば、分離した内容物を徐々に投入することができるため、炉内温度の低下を抑制しつつ廃棄物を投入することができ、これは、高燃焼効率を維持できる等の効果が得られる。但し、この方法の場合には、分離するための作業等の工程が必要となるので、労力やコストが増加することになる。
【0020】
一方、内容物を分離しないで廃棄物全体を溶融炉に投入した場合は、内容物を分離して廃棄物を投入した場合に比べると、炉内温度の多少の低下は生じるものの、分離する作業等の工程が不要であるので、労力やコストの増加を重視するか、あるいは、炉内温度のより安定化を重視するかによって、廃棄物の投入の際の、内容物の分離の有無を選択すればよい。
【0021】
また、廃棄物が、切断解体処理しない状態では、溶融炉に投入できない大きさを有する場合(サイズが、1.5m(長さ)×1.5m(幅)×1.5m(高さ)を超える場合)には、廃棄物を解体する必要が生じる。この場合には、前記廃棄物または前記構成部材や前記内容物を分離した廃棄物の残部を、高圧水を用いて安全に切断解体してから溶融炉内に投入する必要がある
【0022】
図2は、高圧水を用いた切断装置の一例を示したものである。
図2に示す切断装置10は、廃棄物14中の有害物質が外部へ流出しないように廃棄物14を収納するボックス11と、ボックス11の側壁に固定された少なくとも2個のウォータージェットのような高圧水噴射装置、図2では2個の高圧水噴射装置12と、ボックス11に設けた排出孔13を通じてボックス内の汚染水や廃液を回収するためのポンプ(図示せず)とで主に構成されている。
【0023】
ここで、ボックス11は、図2では、上端部が開放状態で示してあるが、廃棄物14を切断する際には上蓋等を被せて、ボックス11内を密閉状態にすることが、ボックス11内の有害物質が外部へ流出しないようにする点で好ましい。なお、廃棄物14の切断の際に、有害物質を含む液体の飛散や有害ガスの外気への拡散が生じない場合には、ボックス11の代わりにピットを用いてもよい。
【0024】
高圧水噴射装置12として、ウォータージェットを用いる場合には、ビーム径を0.4mm以下とし、高圧水の圧力を4.9〜29.4MPaの範囲であることが必要である。ビーム径が0.4mmを超えると、高圧水の圧力を過度に高くしなければ切断できなくなるからである。また、高圧水の圧力が4.9MPa未満だと、切断ができない場合があり、29.4MPa超えだと、ボックス11またはピットが損傷するおそれがあるからである。
【0025】
廃棄物の切断解体は、密閉されたボックス11内で行うことが、有害物質が外部へ流出するのを防止する上で好ましい。この際、高圧水を用いて廃棄物を切断した後に前記ボックス11内に溜まった汚染水や廃液等の有害物質を含んだ液体は、前記ボックス11内で回収され、この回収した液体は、そのまま溶融炉に投入して無害化してもよいが、好ましくは、有害物質と水とに比重差を用いて分離した後、有害物質を溶融炉の燃料として投入するとともに、水を浄化後に高圧水として再利用すれば、資源の有効活用が図れる。
【0026】
有害物質と水とに比重差を用いて分離する方法は、例えば有害物質がPCBの場合には、比重が軽いため水との分離が容易である。なお、ホルマリンやアルデヒド等のように水との比重が近い場合には、高圧水としての再利用はできないため、水ごと溶融炉に投入して処理すればよい。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、PCB、廃液、廃油などの難分解な有害物質を構成部材またはその一部として保有するトランスやコンデンサー等の各種装置や、前記有害物質を内容物またはその一部として収納するドラム缶や箱等の各種容器のような廃棄物を、有害物質を外部へ流出させることなく安全に処理する方法を提供することが可能になり、これは、環境上の点で極めて有利である。特に、廃棄物を切断解体処理しない状態で溶融炉に投入できるので、処理経費が安価で経済的である。
【0028】
また、PCB等の有害物質は、高炉、還元溶融炉、ガス化溶融炉等の溶融炉内にエネルギー資源として投入して無害化することができ、加えて、有害物質を含む構成部材の少なくとも一部を保有する装置や、有害物質を含む内容物の少なくとも一部を収納する容器のような廃棄物もまた、溶融炉内にて高温で溶融させ無害化させた後に、スラグやメタル等の有価物として再資源化することができる。
【0029】
さらに、廃棄物が大きいため、溶融炉に投入する前の廃棄物を切断解体処理する場合であっても、廃棄物の切断には高圧水を使用するため、シュレッダー切断の場合のように着火するような心配もなく、加えて、この切断作業は、密閉されたボックス内で行い、廃棄物を切断した後に前記ボックス内に溜まった汚染水や廃液等の有害物質を含んだ液体を前記ボックス内で回収し、この回収した液体をそのまま溶融炉に燃料(エネルギー資源)として投入することができるので、産業廃棄物としての最終処分を必要とせず、安全性に優れている。
【0030】
さらにまた、廃棄物の切断解体は、密閉されたボックス内で行い、高圧水を用いて廃棄物を切断した後に前記ボックス内に溜まった汚染水や廃液等の有害物質を含んだ液体は、有害物質と水とに比重差を用いて分離した後、有害物質を溶融炉の燃料(エネルギー資源)として投入するとともに、さらに、水を浄化後に高圧水として再利用すれば、汚染水の生成量を最小限に抑制することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明に従う廃棄物の処理方法に用いた処理装置の一例を示す概略図である。
【図2】 高圧水を用いた切断処理法を説明するための斜視図である。
【符号の説明】
1 廃棄物処理装置
2 溶融炉
3 ガス吹込み口
4 ガス燃焼炉
5 冷却塔
6 集じん機
7 排気塔
10 切断装置
11 ボックス
12 高圧水噴射装置
13 排出孔
14 廃棄物
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to various devices such as transformers and condensers that hold hardly decomposed harmful substances such as PCBs, waste liquids, and waste oils as constituent members or parts thereof, drums that store the harmful substances as contents or parts thereof, The present invention relates to a method for treating waste such as various containers such as boxes.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, because the inside of equipment such as a transformer (transformer) contains PCB, which is a harmful substance, as an insulator, conventionally, the dismantling process of a transformer has a problem of leakage of harmful substances to the outside. The fact is that it has hardly been implemented.
In addition, the dismantling of drums containing or adhering PCBs, waste liquids, medical waste, etc. is not implemented for the same reason, and in addition, it is impossible to perform high-temperature melting to detoxify harmful substances. It is.
[0003]
In a conventional method in which a hazardous substance such as PCB is held as a part of a component, for example, a device such as a transformer is treated as waste, the held harmful substance is separated from this apparatus, and the remaining apparatus is subjected to gas cutting or Generally, the dismantling process is performed by mechanical shredder cutting. However, a serious problem usually occurs when the dismantling process is performed.
That is, when disassembling processing is performed by gas cutting, harmful substances attached to the device due to the gas frame, such as PCB, may generate harmful gas, and when disassembling processing is performed by shredder cutting, Metal sparks generated during cutting easily ignite the PCB, and in any case, there was a problem in terms of safety.
[0004]
Moreover, in the conventional dismantling method, since harmful substances such as PCB and waste liquid adhere not only to the transformer main body but also to the cutting machine that cuts it, a new facility for cleaning them is necessary. It was.
[0005]
Furthermore, PCB, which is a hazardous substance, has a high decomposition temperature of about 1300 ° C and is difficult to be thermally decomposed. If oxidative pyrolysis is performed at a low temperature of 900 ° C or lower, which treats waste in a normal incinerator, etc., There was a problem that combustion produced dibenzofuran chloride and dibenzodioxin chloride (dioxin), which are more toxic than PCB.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, various devices such as transformers and condensers that hold persistent decomposition substances such as PCBs, waste liquids, and waste oils as components or parts thereof, and the harmful It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for safely treating waste such as various containers such as drums and boxes that contain substances as contents or parts thereof without causing harmful substances to flow out.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the first invention provides various devices such as transformers and condensers that hold persistent decomposition substances such as PCBs, waste liquids, and waste oils as constituent members or parts thereof, contents of the above-mentioned harmful substances, For waste such as drums and boxes that are stored as a part of the waste, the waste treatment volume is 1.5 m (length) x 1.5 m (width) x 1.5 m (height) or less. In this case, the waste is treated as a fuel in a melting furnace at 1300 ° C. or higher without being cut and disassembled, and the waste processing volume is 1.5 m (length) × 1.5 m (width) × 1.5 m. In the case of exceeding (height), the waste was stored in the sealed box and then stored in the box using high-pressure water having a pressure in the range of 4.9 to 29.4 MPa. Waste is safely cut and dismantled before being injected into the melting furnace as fuel , By melt processing at high temperatures, the toxic substances is a treatment method of waste characterized by detoxifying and pyrolysis.
[0008]
The second invention is a variety of devices such as transformers and condensers that contain difficult-to-decompose harmful substances such as PCB, waste liquid, waste oil, etc., and various containers such as drums and boxes that contain the harmful substances as contents. After separating the components and the contents from the waste using a pump or mechanical means, the processing volume of the remaining waste from which the components and the contents are separated is 1.5 m (length in the case of) × 1.5 m (width) × 1.5 m (height) or less, were added as fuel to 1300 ° C. or more melting furnace in a state that does not cut slaughtered, the processing volume of the remainder of the waste , 1.5m (length) x 1.5m (width) x 1.5m (height), the remaining portion of the waste is stored in a sealed box after 4.9 ~ In the box using high pressure water with a pressure in the range of 29.4 MPa The remainder of the stored waste is safely cut and disassembled and then charged as fuel into the melting furnace. Further, the separated components and the contents are separated from the remainder of the waste as fuel. The waste processing method is characterized in that the harmful substances are thermally decomposed and made harmless by charging and melting at a high temperature.
[0009]
In both the first invention and the second invention, when the waste has a size that cannot be put into a melting furnace without being cut and dismantled, the waste or the waste separated from the components and the contents is separated. The remaining portion may be safely cut and disassembled using high-pressure water and then charged into the melting furnace.
[0011]
Moreover, it is necessary to cut and dismantle waste in a sealed box. At this time, liquid containing harmful substances such as contaminated water and waste liquid collected in the box after cutting the waste using high-pressure water is recovered in the box, and the recovered liquid is used as it is in the melting furnace. Or after separating the harmful substance and water by using a difference in specific gravity, it is more preferable to throw in the harmful substance as fuel for the melting furnace and reuse the water as high-pressure water after purification. .
[0012]
In both the first and second inventions, the atmosphere in the melting furnace when performing the melting treatment is preferably a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and the gas generated in the melting furnace is recovered, and the recovered gas is used as a gas. After complete combustion in the combustion furnace, it is preferably cooled rapidly in the cooling tower, and then the cooled gas is cleaned with a dust collector and then discharged out of the system from a chimney or an exhaust tower.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A waste disposal method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an example of a treatment apparatus used in the waste treatment method of the present invention.
The waste treatment apparatus 1 shown in the figure includes various devices such as transformers and condensers that hold difficult-to-decompose harmful substances such as PCB, waste liquid, and waste oil as components or parts thereof, and the contents (medical waste) A melting furnace 2 into which wastes such as various containers such as drums and boxes can be placed.
[0014]
The melting furnace 2 has a refractory limit temperature of 2600 which is a refractory material constituting the furnace from a high temperature at which PCB can be completely pyrolyzed, specifically, from 1300 ° C. which is a temperature at which PCB can be completely pyrolyzed. Any furnace can be used as long as it can be melted within a temperature range up to 0 ° C. or less, and examples thereof include a blast furnace, a reduction melting furnace, and a gasification melting furnace. In addition, the melting furnace 2 shown in FIG. 1 shows the case where it is a coke bed type gasification melting furnace.
[0016]
Then, the waste is first put into the melting furnace 2 as it is without being cut and dismantled to melt the waste. The atmosphere in the melting furnace 2 when performing the melting treatment is a non-oxidizing atmosphere, more specifically, a reducing atmosphere peculiar to a blast furnace or a reducing melting furnace, or argon gas or nitrogen blown from the gas blowing port 3. Maintaining a neutral atmosphere with gas is preferable in that it is possible to suppress the production of dioxins and the like that are more toxic than PCB due to oxidative thermal decomposition.
[0017]
In addition, since the temperature at which the waste is melted in the melting furnace 2 is 1300 ° C. or more at which the PCB or the like is completely pyrolyzed, harmful substances such as PCB can be made harmless and safely processed in the melting furnace 2. In addition, the equipment that contained components containing hazardous substances and the containers that contained the contents containing harmful substances were melted and recovered as valuables such as metal and slag for recycling. Can do.
[0018]
On the other hand, the gas generated from the melting furnace 2 is recovered, and the recovered gas is burned again in the gas combustion furnace 4 so that unburned substances are not generated, as shown in FIG. After rapidly cooling, it is preferable that the cooled gas is cleaned by the dust collector 6 and then discharged out of the system from the chimney or the exhaust tower 7.
[0019]
Furthermore, as another method for treating the waste according to the present invention, the component member and the content are separated from the waste by using a pump or mechanical means, and then the component member or the content. In addition, the remaining waste that has not been cut and dismantled is separately charged as fuel into a melting furnace and melted at a high temperature, whereby the harmful substances can be thermally decomposed and rendered harmless. According to this method, since the separated contents can be gradually introduced, waste can be introduced while suppressing a decrease in the furnace temperature, which can maintain high combustion efficiency. Is obtained. However, in the case of this method, since a process such as an operation for separation is required, labor and cost increase.
[0020]
On the other hand, when the entire waste is put into the melting furnace without separating the contents, the temperature inside the furnace is slightly lowered compared with the case where the contents are separated and the waste is thrown in, but the work of separating the waste Since there is no need for such processes, whether or not to separate the contents at the time of waste input is selected depending on whether labor and cost increase is important or stabilization of furnace temperature is more important do it.
[0021]
In addition, when the waste has a size that cannot be put into the melting furnace without cutting and dismantling, the size is 1.5 m (length) x 1.5 m (width) x 1.5 m (height). If it exceeds, it will be necessary to dismantle the waste. In this case, the remainder of the waste to separate the waste or the structural member and the contents, it is necessary to put into the melting furnace after safely cut dismantled using high pressure water.
[0022]
FIG. 2 shows an example of a cutting device using high-pressure water.
The cutting device 10 shown in FIG. 2 includes a box 11 for storing the waste 14 so that harmful substances in the waste 14 do not flow outside, and at least two water jets fixed to the side wall of the box 11. Mainly composed of a high-pressure water injection device, two high-pressure water injection devices 12 in FIG. 2, and a pump (not shown) for collecting contaminated water and waste liquid in the box through a discharge hole 13 provided in the box 11 Has been.
[0023]
Here, the upper end of the box 11 is shown in an open state in FIG. 2, but when cutting the waste 14, it is possible to cover the box 11 with a top cover or the like so that the inside of the box 11 is sealed. It is preferable in terms of preventing harmful substances from flowing out. Note that when cutting the waste material 14, a pit may be used in place of the box 11 if the liquid containing the harmful substance is not scattered or the harmful gas is not diffused into the outside air.
[0024]
When a water jet is used as the high pressure water injection device 12, it is necessary that the beam diameter is 0.4 mm or less and the pressure of the high pressure water is in the range of 4.9 to 29.4 MPa. This is because if the beam diameter exceeds 0.4 mm, cutting cannot be performed unless the pressure of the high-pressure water is increased excessively. Further, if the pressure of the high-pressure water is less than 4.9 MPa, cutting may not be possible, and if it exceeds 29.4 MPa, the box 11 or the pit may be damaged.
[0025]
The waste cutting and dismantling is preferably performed in the sealed box 11 in order to prevent the harmful substances from flowing out. At this time, the liquid containing harmful substances such as contaminated water and waste liquid collected in the box 11 after cutting the waste using high-pressure water is recovered in the box 11, and the recovered liquid is used as it is. It may be made harmless by charging it into a melting furnace, but preferably, after separating the harmful substance and water using a specific gravity difference, the harmful substance is charged as fuel for the melting furnace, and the water is purified as high-pressure water after purification. If reused, resources can be used effectively.
[0026]
For example, when the harmful substance is PCB, the method of separating the harmful substance and water using a specific gravity difference is easy because the specific gravity is light. In addition, when the specific gravity with water is close, such as formalin and aldehyde, it cannot be reused as high-pressure water.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, various devices such as transformers and condensers that hold difficult-to-decompose harmful substances such as PCB, waste liquid, and waste oil as components or parts thereof, and the harmful substances are stored as contents or parts thereof. It is possible to provide a method for safely processing waste such as various containers such as drums and boxes without causing harmful substances to flow outside, which is extremely advantageous from an environmental point of view. In particular, since the waste can be put into the melting furnace without being cut and dismantled, the processing cost is low and economical.
[0028]
Also, harmful substances such as PCB can be made harmless by putting them as energy resources in melting furnaces such as blast furnaces, reduction melting furnaces, gasification melting furnaces, etc. In addition, at least one of the constituent members containing harmful substances can be used. Waste such as equipment that holds parts and containers that contain at least part of the contents that contain harmful substances are also melted at high temperatures in a melting furnace to make them harmless, then slag, metal, etc. It can be recycled as a product.
[0029]
Furthermore, since the waste is large, even when the waste before being put into the melting furnace is cut and dismantled, high pressure water is used for cutting the waste, so that ignition occurs as in the case of shredder cutting. In addition, this cutting operation is performed in a sealed box, and after cutting the waste, liquid containing harmful substances such as contaminated water and waste liquid collected in the box is stored in the box. Since the recovered liquid can be put into the melting furnace as fuel (energy resource) as it is, final disposal as industrial waste is not required and the safety is excellent.
[0030]
Furthermore, waste cutting and dismantling should be performed in a sealed box, and liquids containing harmful substances such as contaminated water and waste liquid collected in the box after cutting the waste with high-pressure water will be harmful. After separating the substance and water using a specific gravity difference, the hazardous substance is input as fuel (energy resource) for the melting furnace, and if the water is reused as high-pressure water after purification, the amount of contaminated water generated can be reduced. It can be minimized.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a processing apparatus used in a waste processing method according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view for explaining a cutting treatment method using high-pressure water.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Waste treatment apparatus 2 Melting furnace 3 Gas inlet 4 Gas combustion furnace 5 Cooling tower 6 Dust collector 7 Exhaust tower
10 Cutting device
11 box
12 High pressure water injection device
13 Discharge hole
14 Waste

Claims (5)

PCB、廃液、廃油などの難分解な有害物質を構成部材またはその一部として保有するトランスやコンデンサー等の各種装置や、前記有害物質を内容物またはその一部として収納するドラム缶や箱等の各種容器のような種々の処理容積をもつ廃棄物を一括処理するにあたり、該廃棄物の処理容積が1.5m(長さ)×1.5m(幅)×1.5m(高さ)以下の場合には、切断解体処理しない状態で1300℃以上の溶融炉内に燃料として投入し、前記廃棄物の処理容積が、1.5m(長さ)×1.5m(幅)×1.5m(高さ)を超える場合には、前記廃棄物を、密閉されたボックス内に収納した後、4.9〜29.4MPaの範囲の圧力の高圧水を用いて、前記ボックス内に収納された廃棄物を、安全に切断解体してから前記溶融炉内に燃料として投入し、高温で溶融処理することによって、前記有害物質を熱分解して無害化することを特徴とする廃棄物の処理方法。Various devices such as transformers, condensers, etc. that hold difficult-to-decompose harmful substances such as PCBs, waste liquids, waste oils, etc. as components or parts thereof, drums and boxes that contain the harmful substances as contents or parts thereof When wastes with various treatment volumes such as containers are processed at once , the waste treatment volume is 1.5m (length) x 1.5m (width) x 1.5m (height) or less In a state in which cutting and dismantling is not performed, fuel is introduced into a melting furnace at 1300 ° C. or higher, and the waste processing volume is 1.5 m (length) × 1.5 m (width) × 1.5 m (high In the case of exceeding the waste), the waste is stored in the sealed box and then stored in the box using high-pressure water having a pressure in the range of 4.9 to 29.4 MPa. the fuel in the melting furnace from the disconnected safely dismantled And it was charged, by melting treatment at a high temperature, treatment method of waste characterized by harmless thermally decompose the harmful substances. PCB、廃液、廃油などの難分解な有害物質を構成部材として保有するトランスやコンデンサー等の各種装置や、前記有害物質を内容物として収納するドラム缶や箱等の各種容器のような廃棄物から、ポンプや機械的手段を用いて、前記構成部材や前記内容物を分離した後、前記構成部材や前記内容物を分離した、種々の処理容積をもつ廃棄物の残部を一括処理するにあたり、該廃棄物の残部の処理容積が1.5m(長さ)×1.5m(幅)×1.5m(高さ)以下の場合には、切断解体処理しない状態で1300℃以上の溶融炉内に燃料として投入し、前記廃棄物の残部の処理容積が、1.5m(長さ)×1.5m(幅)×1.5m(高さ)を超える場合には、前記廃棄物の残部を、密閉されたボックス内に収納した後、4.9〜29.4MPaの範囲の圧力の高圧水を用いて、前記ボックス内に収納された前記廃棄物の残部を、安全に切断解体してから前記溶融炉内に燃料として投入し、さらに、分離した前記構成部材や前記内容物も、前記廃棄物の残部とは別々に燃料として投入し、高温で溶融処理することによって、前記有害物質を熱分解して無害化することを特徴とする廃棄物の処理方法。From waste such as various devices such as transformers and condensers that hold difficult-to-decompose harmful substances such as PCB, waste liquid, waste oil, etc., and various containers such as drums and boxes that contain the harmful substances as contents, After separating the components and the contents using a pump and mechanical means, the remaining components of the waste having various processing volumes separated from the components and the contents are treated together. When the processing volume of the remainder of the object is 1.5 m (length) x 1.5 m (width) x 1.5 m (height) or less, the fuel is put into the melting furnace at 1300 ° C or higher without being cut and dismantled. When the processing volume of the remaining waste exceeds 1.5 m (length) x 1.5 m (width) x 1.5 m (height), the remaining waste is sealed 4.9-29.4M after storage in the box using a high pressure water pressure in the range of a, the remainder of the housing by said waste within said box, was charged as a fuel after safely cut dismantling the melting furnace, furthermore, the components separated And the contents are also charged as fuel separately from the remainder of the waste and melted at a high temperature to thermally decompose and detoxify the harmful substance. 前記切断解体後に前記ボックス内に溜まった汚染水や廃液等の有害物質を含んだ液体は、前記ボックス内で回収され、この回収した液体を一括処理するにあたり、該液体中の前記有害物質は、PCBのように水に対する比重差が大きい場合には、比重差を用いて前記液体をPCBと水に分離した後、分離したPCBを前記溶融炉の燃料として投入するとともに、分離した水を浄化後に高圧水として再利用し、前記液体中の前記有害物質がホルマリンやアルデヒドのように水との比重差が小さい場合には、前記液体のまま前記溶融炉の燃料として投入する請求項1または2記載の廃棄物の処理方法。A liquid containing harmful substances such as contaminated water and waste liquid collected in the box after the cutting and dismantling is collected in the box, and when the collected liquid is collectively processed, the harmful substances in the liquid are: If the difference in specific gravity to water as PCB is large, after separation of the liquid to the PCB and water using a difference in specific gravity, as well as introducing separate PCB as fuel in the melting furnace, after purifying the separated water and reused as a high-pressure water, when the toxic substances in the liquid is small difference in specific gravity between the water as formalin and aldehyde claim 1 or 2, wherein introducing a fuel in the melting furnace while the liquid Waste disposal methods. 前記溶融処理を行う際の前記溶融炉内の雰囲気は非酸化性雰囲気である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の廃棄物の処理方法。The waste treatment method according to claim 1, wherein an atmosphere in the melting furnace when performing the melting treatment is a non-oxidizing atmosphere. 前記溶融炉内で発生するガスを回収し、この回収したガスをガス燃焼炉で完全に燃焼させた後、冷却塔で急速に冷却し、その後、この冷却したガスを、集塵機で清浄化してから煙突または排気塔より系外に排出する請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の廃棄物の処理方法。 The gas generated in the melting furnace is recovered, and the recovered gas is completely burned in a gas combustion furnace, and then rapidly cooled in a cooling tower, and then the cooled gas is cleaned with a dust collector. The waste processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the waste is discharged out of the system from a chimney or an exhaust tower.
JP2002322223A 2002-11-06 2002-11-06 Waste disposal method Expired - Fee Related JP4209175B2 (en)

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