JP4207242B2 - Machine tool spindle equipment - Google Patents

Machine tool spindle equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4207242B2
JP4207242B2 JP11925698A JP11925698A JP4207242B2 JP 4207242 B2 JP4207242 B2 JP 4207242B2 JP 11925698 A JP11925698 A JP 11925698A JP 11925698 A JP11925698 A JP 11925698A JP 4207242 B2 JP4207242 B2 JP 4207242B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
bearing
space
main shaft
housing
holding member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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JP11925698A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH11311255A (en
Inventor
宣光 荒木
真一 人見
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Howa Machinery Ltd
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Howa Machinery Ltd
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Priority to JP11925698A priority Critical patent/JP4207242B2/en
Publication of JPH11311255A publication Critical patent/JPH11311255A/en
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  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、回転軸を支持する軸受を備えた工作機械の主軸装置に係り、特に軸受を冷却する技術に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に、電動機のロータや軸受に発生した熱はハウジングを通して外気に放散される。しかしながら、ビルトインモータ型の主軸装置では、通常、主軸の反負荷側端部を支持する軸受が主軸の伸びを許すように軸方向へ摺動可能に保持されているため、軸受の熱がハウジング側に逃げにくくなり、軸受が過熱して破損するおそれがある。また、この種の主軸装置では、軸受を切削液や切粉から保護するためにハウジング内の閉鎖空間に設けているため、外気による軸受の直接冷却が困難である。そこで、従来、特許2521566号公報では、主軸の中心孔に工具引張棒を挿入し、工具引張棒にエア通路と吸引ファンと排出ファンとを設け、主軸中心孔にエア推進用のスクリューを刻設し、スクリュー及びファンを主軸と一体に回転し、主軸の全長にわたって冷却用エアを流し、主軸の熱変位を抑制するとともに、軸受を間接冷却する技術が提案されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、この主軸装置によると、主軸内に冷却用エアを流すために複数のファンとスクリューとを設ける必要があり、またエア通路を外部のエア供給源に接続する必要もあって、冷却機構が複雑化するという問題点があった。特に、回転軸が比較的短く熱変位がさほど問題視されない電動機や小型主軸装置の場合には、こうした複雑な冷却機構は不向きであり、むしろ回転軸の反負荷側端部を支持する軸受を重点的に冷却する機構が望まれていた。
【0004】
そこで、本発明の課題は、ハウジング内の閉鎖空間に設けられた軸受、特に回転軸の反負荷側端部を支持する軸受を簡単な機構で重点的に冷却して、軸受の過熱による破損を防止できる工作機械の主軸装置を提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題を解決するために、本発明の工作機械の軸受装置は、ハウジング内の閉鎖空間にステータとロータとを配設し、ステータをハウジングに固定し、ロータを主軸に固定し、主軸の軸方向前方側の負荷側端部を第1軸受によりハウジングに支持し、主軸の軸方向後方側の反負荷側端部に第2軸受を設け、第2軸受を軸受保持部材によりハウジングに保持し、軸受保持部材には第2軸受より前方の第1空間と後方の第2空間とを連通させる開口部を設ける一方、主軸に軸受保持部材の前後の第1空間と第2空間とで開口する空気通路を形成すると共に、第2軸受より前方の第1空間において主軸に固定した回転バランス調整用のバランスリングに複数の半径方向溝又は孔を形成することでファン部材を構成し、そのファン部材を半径方向溝又は孔が空気通路の第1空間側開口部と対応する位置で主軸に固定して、ファン部材の回転によりハウジング内の空気を主軸の空気通路及び軸受保持部材の開口部を通して軸受保持部材の前後の第1空間と第2空間との間で循環させるように構成される(請求項1)。
【0006】
また、循環空気の温度を低下させるために、ハウジングに熱交換用のフィンを設けるのが好ましい(請求項2)。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明をマシニングセンタに装備されるビルトインモータ型の主軸装置に具体化した一実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。図1に示すように、この主軸装置のハウジング1は、本体部2に前面プレート3と後部キャップ4とを組み付け、全長が例えば400mm程度の小型に構成されている。本体部2の外周には、ビルトインモータの熱を大気中に効率よく逃がすための多数の放熱フィン5が突設され、また、後部キャップ4の内、外面には熱交換用のフィン6a,6bが設けられている。なお、後部キャップ4には端子箱7が取り付けられている。
【0010】
ハウジング1内の閉鎖空間にはビルトインモータを構成するステータ8とロータ9とが配設され、ステータ8は本体部2の内周に固定され、ロータ9は回転軸として例示する主軸10の中間部に固定されている。主軸10はハウジング1と略同じ長さで形成され、その負荷側端部11には一対の第1軸受12がナット13で固定され、反負荷側端部14には一対の第2軸受15がラビリンス24、スペーサ16を介しナット17により固定されている。
【0011】
前面プレート3には第1軸受12が嵌合する凹部19と、第1軸受12をハウジング1の定位置に保持するリテーナ20とが設けられている。本体部2の後端に形成された取付壁部21には第2軸受15を保持する軸受保持部材としてのホルダー22が組み付けられ、このホルダー22と取付壁部21とによって第2軸受15側の閉鎖空間が第1空間30と第2空間31とに二分されている。
【0012】
第2軸受15は、主軸10の伸びを許すように、ホルダー22の凹部23に軸方向へ摺動可能に嵌合されている。ホルダー22には主軸10の回転速度を検出する速度検出器25が取り付けられ、主軸10側のスペーサ16には被検出リング26が検出器25と非接触で相対するように固定されている。
【0013】
主軸10の反負荷側端部14には空気通路28が軸方向に形成され、その前端は複数の半径方向孔29を介し第2軸受15より前方(ロータ9側)の第1空間30で開口し、後端は第2軸受15より後方の第2空間31で開口している。また、本体部2の取付壁部21には両空間30,31とを連通させる切欠32が設けられている。なお、ホルダー22を複数本のアームを介してハウジング1に取り付け、各アームの間の開口部により2つの空間30,31を連通させてもよい。
【0014】
第2軸受15の前方において、主軸10にはその回転バランスを調整するバランスリング34が設けられている。バランスリング34の第2軸受15側端面には図2に示すような複数の半径方向溝35が形成され、バランスリング34にファン部材としての機能が与えられている。そして、バランスリング34は、半径方向溝35が空気通路28の半径方向孔29と対応する位置で主軸10に焼き嵌め等の手段により固定され、ロータ9の回転に伴いハウジング1内の空気を空気通路28及び切欠32を通して第1空間30と第2空間31とで循環させるようになっている。なお、半径方向溝35にかえ、バランスリング34に半径方向孔を設けてもよい。
【0015】
すなわち、主軸装置の運転中には、ロータ9と主軸10とバランスリング34とが一体に回転され、ハウジング1の後部閉鎖空間に図1に矢印で示すような循環空気流が形成される。そして、主軸10の空気通路28を流れる空気により主軸10の反負荷側端部14及びこれを支持する第2軸受15が冷却され、温度上昇した空気は半径方向孔29を通って第1空間30に送られ、第1空間30の空気は切欠32を通って第2空間31に送られ、ここで後部キャップ4の熱交換用のフィン6a,6bにより急速に冷却され、冷却された空気は空気通路28に吸引され、その冷却空気によって第2軸受15が再び冷却される。
【0016】
この実施形態の主軸装置によれば、循環空気流を形成するファン部材がバランスリング34を利用して構成されているので、単一のリング34に2つの機能を持たせて部品点数を減らすことができる。また、バランスリング34の半径方向溝35と空気通路28の半径方向孔29とが主軸10上の同一箇所に設けられているため、空気通路28の空気を強力に吸引して第1空間30に送り込むことができる。従って、ハウジング1内の空気を一つのバランスリング34で効率よく循環させることができ、外部エア供給源を必要としない簡単な機構で第2軸受15を重点的に冷却して、第2軸受15の過熱による破損を確実に防止することができる。
【0017】
図3は本発明の別の実施形態を示すものである。この主軸装置においては、単一の第2軸受15が軸受保持部材としての可撓性ホルダ37によってハウジング1に保持されている。可撓性ホルダ37は、ハウジング1に固定される厚肉部38と、第2軸受15が嵌合する凹部39を備えた保持部40と、保持部40を厚肉部38に連結する薄板部41とから弾性材料で一体形成され、薄板部41を弾性変形させた状態で組み付けることにより、その弾性復元力を利用して、第2軸受15に主軸軸線方向の予圧を付与するように構成されている。なお、薄板部41には第1空間30と第2空間31とを連通させる連通孔42が形成されている。
【0018】
この実施形態の主軸装置においては、可撓性ホルダ37に薄板部41が設けられているため、第2軸受15の熱がハウジング1側へ逃げにくくなる。しかしながら、前記実施形態と同様に、バランスリング34の回転に伴う循環空気流によって第2軸受15が効率よく冷却されるため、第2軸受15の過熱による破損を確実に防止することができる。図3において、43は第2軸受15を凹部39に保持するリテーナ、44は速度検出器25の取付部材である。
【0019】
なお、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で各部の形状並びに構成を適宜に変更して実施することも可能である。
【0020】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述したように、本発明によれば、ハウジング内の閉鎖空間に設けられた軸受、特に主軸等の回転軸の反負荷側端部を支持する軸受を簡単な機構で重点的に冷却して、軸受の過熱による破損を防止することができるという優れた効果を奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施形態を示す主軸装置の断面図である。
【図2】同装置のバランスリングを示す斜視図である。
【図3】本発明の別の実施形態を示す主軸装置の要部断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1・・ハウジング、6a,6b・・熱交換用フィン、8・・ステータ、9・・ロータ、10・・主軸、11・・負荷側端部、12・・第1軸受、14・・反負荷側端部、15・・第2軸受、22・・ホルダー、28・・空気通路、29・・半径方向孔、30・・第1空間、31・・第2空間、32・・切欠、34・・バランスリング、35・・半径方向孔、37・・可撓性ホルダ。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a spindle device of a machine tool including a bearing that supports a rotating shaft, and more particularly to a technique for cooling the bearing.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Generally, heat generated in the rotor and bearings of the motor is dissipated to the outside air through the housing. However, in a built-in motor type spindle device, the bearing that supports the opposite end portion of the spindle is normally slidably held in the axial direction so as to allow the spindle to extend. It may be difficult to escape and the bearing may overheat and be damaged. Further, in this type of main shaft device, since the bearing is provided in a closed space in the housing in order to protect the bearing from cutting fluid and chips, it is difficult to directly cool the bearing by outside air. Therefore, conventionally, in Japanese Patent No. 2521566, a tool tension bar is inserted into the center hole of the main shaft, an air passage, a suction fan, and a discharge fan are provided in the tool tension bar, and a screw for air propulsion is engraved in the center hole of the main shaft. A technique has been proposed in which a screw and a fan are rotated integrally with a main shaft, cooling air is allowed to flow over the entire length of the main shaft, thermal displacement of the main shaft is suppressed, and the bearing is indirectly cooled.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, according to this main shaft device, it is necessary to provide a plurality of fans and screws to flow cooling air in the main shaft, and it is necessary to connect the air passage to an external air supply source. There was a problem of increasing complexity. In particular, in the case of an electric motor or a small spindle device in which the rotating shaft is relatively short and thermal displacement is not considered as a problem, such a complicated cooling mechanism is unsuitable, and rather emphasizes a bearing that supports the opposite end of the rotating shaft. A cooling mechanism was desired.
[0004]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to cool a bearing provided in a closed space in a housing, in particular, a bearing that supports the end portion on the opposite side of the rotating shaft with a simple mechanism so that the bearing is not damaged by overheating. It is to provide a spindle device of machine tools that can be prevented.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, a bearing device for a machine tool according to the present invention includes a stator and a rotor disposed in a closed space in a housing, the stator fixed to the housing, the rotor fixed to the main shaft, The load side end on the front side in the axial direction is supported on the housing by the first bearing, the second bearing is provided on the end on the non -load side on the rear side in the axial direction of the main shaft , and the second bearing is held in the housing by the bearing holding member. The bearing holding member is provided with an opening for communicating the first space ahead of the second bearing and the second space behind the second bearing , while the main shaft is opened by the first space and the second space before and after the bearing holding member. And forming a fan member by forming a plurality of radial grooves or holes in a balance ring for adjusting the rotational balance fixed to the main shaft in the first space in front of the second bearing. Radial member A groove or hole is fixed to the main shaft at a position corresponding to the first space side opening of the air passage, in the housing by the rotation of the fan member air bearing holding member through the opening of the air passage and the bearing holding member of the main shaft It is comprised so that it may circulate between 1st space before and behind, and 2nd space (Claim 1).
[0006]
In order to reduce the temperature of the circulating air, it is preferable to provide a heat exchange fin in the housing .
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the present invention is embodied in a built-in motor type spindle device installed in a machining center will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the housing 1 of the spindle device is configured in a small size having a front plate 3 and a rear cap 4 assembled to a main body 2 and having a total length of, for example, about 400 mm. A large number of radiating fins 5 are provided on the outer periphery of the main body 2 to efficiently release the heat of the built-in motor into the atmosphere, and heat exchange fins 6a and 6b are provided on the inner and outer surfaces of the rear cap 4. Is provided. A terminal box 7 is attached to the rear cap 4.
[0010]
A stator 8 and a rotor 9 constituting a built-in motor are disposed in a closed space in the housing 1, the stator 8 is fixed to the inner periphery of the main body 2, and the rotor 9 is an intermediate portion of a main shaft 10 exemplified as a rotation shaft. It is fixed to. The main shaft 10 is formed with substantially the same length as the housing 1, and a pair of first bearings 12 are fixed to the load side end portion 11 with nuts 13, and a pair of second bearings 15 are provided to the non-load side end portion 14. It is fixed with a nut 17 via a labyrinth 24 and a spacer 16.
[0011]
The front plate 3 is provided with a recess 19 in which the first bearing 12 is fitted, and a retainer 20 that holds the first bearing 12 in a fixed position of the housing 1. A holder 22 as a bearing holding member for holding the second bearing 15 is assembled to the mounting wall portion 21 formed at the rear end of the main body portion 2, and the holder 22 and the mounting wall portion 21 are used for the second bearing 15 side. The closed space is divided into a first space 30 and a second space 31.
[0012]
The second bearing 15 is fitted in the recess 23 of the holder 22 so as to be slidable in the axial direction so as to allow the extension of the main shaft 10. A speed detector 25 for detecting the rotational speed of the main shaft 10 is attached to the holder 22, and a detection ring 26 is fixed to the spacer 16 on the main shaft 10 side so as to face the detector 25 in a non-contact manner.
[0013]
An air passage 28 is formed in the axial direction in the opposite end portion 14 of the main shaft 10, and its front end opens in a first space 30 in front of the second bearing 15 (rotor 9 side) via a plurality of radial holes 29. The rear end opens in the second space 31 behind the second bearing 15. The mounting wall 21 of the main body 2 is provided with a notch 32 that allows the spaces 30 and 31 to communicate with each other. The holder 22 may be attached to the housing 1 via a plurality of arms, and the two spaces 30 and 31 may be communicated with each other through an opening between the arms.
[0014]
In front of the second bearing 15, the main shaft 10 is provided with a balance ring 34 for adjusting the rotational balance. A plurality of radial grooves 35 as shown in FIG. 2 are formed on the end surface of the balance ring 34 on the second bearing 15 side, and the balance ring 34 has a function as a fan member. The balance ring 34 is fixed to the main shaft 10 by means such as shrink fitting at a position where the radial groove 35 corresponds to the radial hole 29 of the air passage 28, and the air in the housing 1 is removed by the rotation of the rotor 9. The first space 30 and the second space 31 are circulated through the passage 28 and the notch 32. Instead of the radial groove 35, a radial hole may be provided in the balance ring 34.
[0015]
That is, during operation of the main shaft device, the rotor 9, the main shaft 10 and the balance ring 34 are rotated together, and a circulating air flow as shown by arrows in FIG. The anti-load side end 14 of the main shaft 10 and the second bearing 15 that supports the main shaft 10 are cooled by the air flowing through the air passage 28 of the main shaft 10, and the temperature-increased air passes through the radial holes 29 and passes through the first space 30. The air in the first space 30 is sent to the second space 31 through the notch 32, where it is rapidly cooled by the heat exchange fins 6a and 6b of the rear cap 4, and the cooled air is air. The second bearing 15 is cooled again by the cooling air sucked into the passage 28.
[0016]
According to the spindle device of this embodiment, since the fan member that forms the circulating air flow is configured using the balance ring 34, the single ring 34 has two functions to reduce the number of parts. Can do. Further, since the radial groove 35 of the balance ring 34 and the radial hole 29 of the air passage 28 are provided at the same location on the main shaft 10, the air in the air passage 28 is strongly sucked into the first space 30. Can be sent. Therefore, the air in the housing 1 can be efficiently circulated by the single balance ring 34, and the second bearing 15 is intensively cooled by a simple mechanism that does not require an external air supply source. It is possible to reliably prevent damage due to overheating.
[0017]
FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention. In this spindle apparatus, a single second bearing 15 is held in the housing 1 by a flexible holder 37 as a bearing holding member. The flexible holder 37 includes a thick portion 38 that is fixed to the housing 1, a holding portion 40 that includes a concave portion 39 into which the second bearing 15 is fitted, and a thin plate portion that connects the holding portion 40 to the thick portion 38. 41, the thin plate portion 41 is assembled in an elastically deformed state, and the elastic restoring force is used to apply a preload in the direction of the main shaft axis to the second bearing 15. ing. The thin plate portion 41 is formed with a communication hole 42 that allows the first space 30 and the second space 31 to communicate with each other.
[0018]
In the spindle device of this embodiment, since the thin plate portion 41 is provided in the flexible holder 37, the heat of the second bearing 15 is unlikely to escape to the housing 1 side. However, since the second bearing 15 is efficiently cooled by the circulating air flow accompanying the rotation of the balance ring 34 as in the above-described embodiment, the second bearing 15 can be reliably prevented from being damaged due to overheating. In FIG. 3, 43 is a retainer that holds the second bearing 15 in the recess 39, and 44 is an attachment member for the speed detector 25.
[0019]
In addition, it is also possible to change and implement suitably the shape and structure of each part in the range which does not deviate from the meaning of this invention.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, a bearing provided in a closed space in the housing, particularly a bearing that supports a non-load-side end portion of a rotating shaft such as a main shaft is intensively cooled by a simple mechanism. Thus, it is possible to prevent the bearing from being damaged due to overheating.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a spindle device showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a balance ring of the apparatus.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a spindle device showing another embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ·· Housing, 6a, 6b · · Heat exchange fins, 8 · · Stator, 9 · · Rotor, 10 · · Spindle, 11 · · Load side end, 12 · · 1st bearing, 14 · · Anti-load Side end, 15 ... second bearing, 22 ... holder, 28 ... air passage, 29 ... radial hole, 30 ... first space, 31 ... second space, 32 ... notch, 34 ... -Balance ring, 35 ... Radial hole, 37 ... Flexible holder.

Claims (2)

ハウジング内の閉鎖空間にステータとロータとを配設し、ステータをハウジングに固定し、ロータを主軸に固定し、主軸の軸方向前方側の負荷側端部を第1軸受によりハウジングに支持し、主軸の軸方向後方側の反負荷側端部に第2軸受を設け、第2軸受を軸受保持部材によりハウジングに保持し、軸受保持部材には第2軸受より前方の第1空間と後方の第2空間とを連通させる開口部を設ける一方、
主軸に軸受保持部材の前後の第1空間と第2空間とで開口する空気通路を形成すると共に、第2軸受より前方の第1空間において主軸に固定した回転バランス調整用のバランスリングに複数の半径方向溝又は孔を形成することでファン部材を構成し、そのファン部材を半径方向溝又は孔が空気通路の第1空間側開口部と対応する位置で主軸に固定して、
ファン部材の回転によりハウジング内の空気を主軸の空気通路及び軸受保持部材の開口部を通して軸受保持部材の前後の第1空間と第2空間との間で循環させるように構成した工作機械の主軸装置。
A stator and a rotor are disposed in a closed space in the housing, the stator is fixed to the housing, the rotor is fixed to the main shaft, and the load side end portion on the axial front side of the main shaft is supported on the housing by the first bearing, A second bearing is provided at the opposite end of the main shaft in the axial direction , and the second bearing is held in the housing by a bearing holding member . The bearing holding member has a first space in front of the second bearing and a rear first shaft . While providing an opening for communicating with two spaces,
More to the main shaft, the first space and so as to form an air passage opening at the second space, balancing ring for adjusting the rotational balance fixed to the main shaft in a first space forward of the second bearing of the front and rear of the bearing holding member The fan member is configured by forming a radial groove or hole of the fan, and the fan member is fixed to the main shaft at a position where the radial groove or hole corresponds to the first space side opening of the air passage.
The spindle device of the machine tool configured to circulate the air in the housing through the air passage of the spindle and the opening of the bearing holding member between the first space and the second space before and after the bearing holding member by the rotation of the fan member. .
ハウジングに熱交換用のフィンを設けた請求項記載の工作機械の主軸装置。The spindle device of machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the fins of the heat exchanger is provided in the housing.
JP11925698A 1998-04-28 1998-04-28 Machine tool spindle equipment Expired - Fee Related JP4207242B2 (en)

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JP11925698A JP4207242B2 (en) 1998-04-28 1998-04-28 Machine tool spindle equipment

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP11925698A JP4207242B2 (en) 1998-04-28 1998-04-28 Machine tool spindle equipment

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JP4207242B2 true JP4207242B2 (en) 2009-01-14

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003145393A (en) * 2001-11-16 2003-05-20 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Spindle device
JP5108465B2 (en) * 2007-11-08 2012-12-26 東洋機械金属株式会社 Molding machine
DE102009001838A1 (en) * 2009-03-25 2010-09-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh driving means
CN102447342B (en) * 2010-10-06 2014-07-16 本田技研工业株式会社 Housing of rotating motor

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