JP4199210B2 - Wood processing method - Google Patents

Wood processing method Download PDF

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JP4199210B2
JP4199210B2 JP2005106385A JP2005106385A JP4199210B2 JP 4199210 B2 JP4199210 B2 JP 4199210B2 JP 2005106385 A JP2005106385 A JP 2005106385A JP 2005106385 A JP2005106385 A JP 2005106385A JP 4199210 B2 JP4199210 B2 JP 4199210B2
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wood
plate portion
compression
main plate
shape
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JP2006281665A (en
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達哉 鈴木
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Olympus Corp
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Priority to PCT/JP2006/304216 priority patent/WO2006112180A1/en
Priority to CN200680006388XA priority patent/CN101128292B/en
Priority to US11/403,707 priority patent/US20060236650A1/en
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本発明は、木材を所定の３次元形状に加工する木材の加工方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a wood processing method for processing wood into a predetermined three-dimensional shape.

近年、自然素材である木材が注目されている。木材はさまざまな木目を有するため、原木から形取る箇所に応じて個体差が生じ、その個体差が製品ごとの個性となる。また、長期の使用によって生じる傷や色合いの変化自体も、独特の風合いとなって使用者に親しみを生じさせることがある。これらの理由により、合成樹脂や軽金属を用いた製品にはない、個性的で味わい深い製品を生み出すことのできる素材として木材が注目されており、その加工技術も飛躍的に進歩しつつある。   In recent years, wood, a natural material, has attracted attention. Since wood has a variety of grain, individual differences occur depending on the location of the raw wood, and the individual differences are the individuality of each product. In addition, the scratches and color changes themselves caused by long-term use may have a unique texture and may be familiar to the user. For these reasons, wood has been attracting attention as a material that can produce unique and tasty products that are not found in products using synthetic resins and light metals, and its processing technology is also making dramatic progress.

従来、かかる木材の加工技術として、吸水軟化した一枚の木材を圧縮し、その木材を圧縮方向と略平行に切断して板状の一次固定品を得た後、この一次固定品を加熱吸水させながら所定の３次元形状に成形する技術が知られている（例えば、特許文献１を参照）。また、軟化処理した状態で圧縮した一枚の木材を所定の型枠で仮固定し、この木材の回復を型内で行って型成形する技術も知られている（例えば、特許文献２を参照）。   Conventionally, as a processing technique for such wood, after compressing a piece of water softened and softened, and cutting the wood substantially parallel to the compression direction to obtain a plate-like primary fixed product, this primary fixed product is heated and absorbed by water. There is known a technique of forming a predetermined three-dimensional shape while performing the process (for example, see Patent Document 1). There is also known a technique in which a piece of wood compressed in a softened state is temporarily fixed with a predetermined mold, and this wood is restored in a mold and molded (for example, see Patent Document 2). ).

特許第３０７８４５２号公報Japanese Patent No. 3078452 特開平１１−７７６１９号公報JP-A-11-77619

ところで、木材に個体差があるということは、形取った木材自体が均質ではないということを意味する。このため、従来の加工技術を用いて木材を成形する場合、その木材の加工すべき形状によっては木材の全ての部分を一様な密度に成形することが難しい場合があった。このような場合には、圧縮後の木材に多くの残留応力が生じるため、壊れやすい上に経時変化を起こしやすいという問題もあった。   By the way, the fact that there are individual differences in wood means that the shaped wood itself is not homogeneous. For this reason, when shaping | molding wood using the conventional processing technique, depending on the shape which the wood should process, it may be difficult to shape | mold all the parts of wood to a uniform density. In such a case, since many residual stresses are generated in the compressed wood, there is a problem that it is fragile and easily changes with time.

本発明は、上記に鑑みてなされたものであり、加工すべき木材の形状によらずにその木材の密度を一様にすることができ、加工後に高い形状安定性を実現することができる木材の加工方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above, and it is possible to make the density of the wood uniform regardless of the shape of the wood to be processed, and to achieve high shape stability after processing. It aims at providing the processing method of.

上述した課題を解決し、目的を達成するために、本発明に係る木材の加工方法は、木材を所定の３次元形状に加工する木材の加工方法であって、略長方形状の表面をなす主板部と、この主板部の長手方向に沿うとともに前記主板部の周縁から前記主板部に対して所定の角度をなして延出する側板部とを備えた略椀状の木材の前記主板部に圧縮力を加える一次圧縮工程と、前記一次圧縮工程で前記主板部を圧縮した木材の略椀状の内側面に当接し、前記内側面に当接する部分が粘性および弾性のうち少なくともいずれか一方の性質を備えた材質から成る第１の型枠と、前記木材の略椀状の外側面と略同形をなす凹部を有する金属製の第２の型枠とによって挟持して前記主板部および前記側板部に圧縮力を加える二次圧縮工程と、を含み、前記二次圧縮工程は、前記第１の型枠が前記主板部の表面に当接した後、前記粘性および弾性のうち少なくともいずれか一方の性質を備えた材質から成る部分が変形しながら前記木材との隙間を徐々に埋めていくことを特徴とする。
In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, a wood processing method according to the present invention is a wood processing method for processing wood into a predetermined three-dimensional shape, which is a main plate having a substantially rectangular surface. And a main plate portion of substantially bowl-shaped wood that includes a side plate portion that extends along the longitudinal direction of the main plate portion and extends from the periphery of the main plate portion at a predetermined angle with respect to the main plate portion. A primary compression step of applying a force, and the main plate portion compressed in the primary compression step is in contact with a substantially bowl-shaped inner surface, and the portion in contact with the inner surface is at least one of viscosity and elasticity The main plate portion and the side plate portion are sandwiched between a first mold frame made of a material having a material and a metal second mold frame having a recess that is substantially the same shape as the substantially bowl-shaped outer surface of the wood. a secondary compression step of applying a compressive force, only contains the, the two In the compression step, after the first formwork comes into contact with the surface of the main plate portion, a portion made of a material having at least one of the properties of viscosity and elasticity is deformed and the gap with the wood is changed. It is characterized by gradually filling .

また、本発明に係る木材の加工方法は、上記発明において、前記一次圧縮工程における木材の平均圧縮率は、前記二次圧縮工程における木材の平均圧縮率よりも小さいことを特徴とする。
 The wood processing method according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the average compression rate of the wood in the primary compression step is smaller than the average compression rate of the wood in the secondary compression step.

この発明において、圧縮率とは、圧縮による木材の肉厚の減少分とその木材の圧縮前の肉厚との比のことである。したがって、肉厚ｒ0の木材が肉厚ｒ（＜ｒ0）に圧縮された場合の圧縮率は（ｒ0−ｒ）／ｒ0で表される。また、平均圧縮率とは、圧縮を施した木材の圧縮率が部分によって異なる場合において、その異なる圧縮率を相加平均した値のことである。 In the present invention, the compression ratio is a ratio between the reduction in the thickness of the wood due to compression and the thickness of the wood before compression. Therefore, the compression ratio when wood thickness r 0 is compressed in the thickness r (<r 0) is expressed by (r 0 -r) / r 0. The average compression rate is a value obtained by arithmetically averaging the different compression rates when the compression rate of the compressed wood differs depending on the part.

また、本発明に係る木材の加工方法は、上記発明において、前記一次圧縮工程は、前記所定の３次元形状に対応し、ともに金属から成る一対の型枠によって前記木材を挟持して圧縮力を加えることを特徴とする。
 Further, in the wood processing method according to the present invention, in the above invention, the primary compression step corresponds to the predetermined three-dimensional shape, and the wood is sandwiched by a pair of molds made of metal, and the compression force is applied. In addition, wherein the Rukoto.

また、本発明に係る木材の加工方法は、上記発明において、前記二次圧縮工程の後、当該木材の形状を所定の形状に合わせる仕上工程をさらに行うことを特徴とする。
 The wood processing method according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above-mentioned invention, after the secondary compression step, a finishing step of matching the shape of the wood with a predetermined shape is further performed.

また、本発明に係る木材の加工方法は、上記発明において、前記仕上工程は、当該木材を圧縮する仕上圧縮工程を含むことを特徴とする。
 The wood processing method according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the finishing step includes a finishing compression step of compressing the wood.

また、本発明に係る木材の加工方法は、上記発明において、前記仕上工程は、当該木材の表面を切削する切削工程を含むことを特徴とする。 The wood processing method according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the finishing step includes a cutting step of cutting the surface of the wood.

本発明に係る木材の加工方法によれば、少なくとも加工対象の木材表面に当接する部分が粘性および弾性のうち少なくともいずれか一方の性質を備えた材質から成る第１の型枠と、金属から成る第２の型枠とによって木材を挟持して圧縮する工程を含むことにより、加工すべき木材の形状によらずにその木材の密度を一様にすることができ、加工後に高い形状安定性を実現することが可能となる。   According to the method for processing wood according to the present invention, at least a portion that abuts on the surface of the wood to be processed is composed of a first mold made of a material having at least one of viscosity and elasticity, and a metal. By including the step of sandwiching and compressing the wood with the second formwork, the density of the wood can be made uniform regardless of the shape of the wood to be processed, and high shape stability after processing. It can be realized.

以下、添付図面を参照して本発明の実施の形態を説明する。図１は、本発明の一実施の形態に係る木材の加工方法によって形成された圧縮木製品の構成を示す斜視図である。また、図２は図１のＡ−Ａ線断面図である。これら二つの図に示す圧縮木製品１は、略長方形状の表面をなす主板部１ａと、この主板部１ａの長手方向に沿うとともにその主板部１ａに対して所定の角度をなして延出する二つの側板部１ｂと、主板部１ａの短手方向に沿うとともにその主板部１ａに対して所定の角度をなして延出する二つの側板部１ｃとを備え、全体として略椀状をなす。この圧縮木製品１の肉厚（ｒとする）はほぼ均一である。なお、図１のＢ−Ｂ線断面は、寸法が異なる点を除いて、図２に示すＡ−Ａ線断面と略同形である。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a compressed wood product formed by a wood processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. A compressed wood product 1 shown in these two figures has a main plate portion 1a having a substantially rectangular surface, and extends along the longitudinal direction of the main plate portion 1a at a predetermined angle with respect to the main plate portion 1a. One side plate portion 1b and two side plate portions 1c extending along the short direction of the main plate portion 1a and extending at a predetermined angle with respect to the main plate portion 1a are formed in a substantially bowl shape as a whole. The thickness (r) of the compressed wood product 1 is almost uniform. The cross section taken along the line BB in FIG. 1 is substantially the same as the cross section taken along the line AA shown in FIG. 2 except that the dimensions are different.

次に、この実施の形態に係る木材の加工方法を説明する。以後の説明では、上述した構成を有する圧縮木製品１を形成する場合について説明するが、この実施の形態に係る木材の加工方法は、他の構成を有する圧縮木製品に対しても適用可能であることはいうまでもない。   Next, a wood processing method according to this embodiment will be described. In the following description, a case where the compressed wood product 1 having the above-described configuration is formed will be described. However, the wood processing method according to this embodiment can be applied to a compressed wood product having another configuration. Needless to say.

まず、圧縮木製品１の原材料となる木材を無圧縮状態の無垢材から形取る。図３は、圧縮木製品１の原材料となる木材を無垢材から形取る状況を模式的に示す説明図である。この形取工程では、後述する圧縮工程によって減少する分の容積を予め加えた容積を有する略椀状の木材５１を無垢材５０から形取る。形取った木材５１は、図１の圧縮木製品１が有する主板部１ａ、側板部１ｂおよび１ｃにそれぞれ対応する部位として、主板部５１ａ、側板部５１ｂおよび５１ｃを有し、その肉厚（ｒ0とする）はほぼ均一である。 First, the wood used as the raw material of the compressed wood product 1 is formed from a solid material in an uncompressed state. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view schematically showing a situation in which wood as a raw material of the compressed wooden product 1 is formed from a solid material. In this shaping process, a substantially bowl-shaped wood 51 having a volume obtained by adding in advance a volume reduced by a compression process, which will be described later, is shaped from the solid material 50. Timber 51 taken shape, the main plate portion 1a having the compressed wood product 1 of Figure 1, as the site corresponding respectively to the side plate portion 1b, and 1c, a main plate portion 51a, a side plate portion 51b and 51c, the thickness (r 0 Are substantially uniform.

この図３では、無垢材５０から形取る木材５１の長手方向とその木材５１の繊維方向Ｌとが略平行であり、主板部５１ａの表面が柾目面となるように形取った場合を示しているが、これはあくまでも一例に過ぎない。この他にも、例えば木材５１の長手方向がその木材５１の繊維方向Ｌと略平行であり、主板部５１ａの表面が板目面または追柾面となるように形取ることも可能である。この実施の形態において、無垢材５０からどのように形取るかは、その木材に要求する強度や美観等の条件を考慮して最適なものを採用すればよい。このため、以後の説明において参照する図面では、木目５０Ｇを省略する。   FIG. 3 shows a case where the longitudinal direction of the wood 51 formed from the solid material 50 and the fiber direction L of the wood 51 are substantially parallel, and the surface of the main plate portion 51a is a grid surface. This is just an example. In addition, for example, the shape of the wood 51 can be shaped so that the longitudinal direction of the wood 51 is substantially parallel to the fiber direction L of the wood 51 and the surface of the main plate portion 51a is a plate surface or a memorial surface. In this embodiment, the optimum shape of the solid material 50 may be selected in consideration of conditions such as strength and aesthetics required for the wood. For this reason, the grain 50G is omitted in the drawings referred to in the following description.

なお、この形取工程では、長手方向が無垢材５０の繊維方向に略平行であるような木材を平板状に形取ってもよい。また、ここで使用する無垢材５０は、檜、檜葉、桐、杉、松、桜、欅、黒檀、チーク、マホガニー、ローズウッドなどの中から、圧縮木製品１の用途に応じて最適なものを選択すればよい。   In this shaping process, wood whose longitudinal direction is substantially parallel to the fiber direction of the solid material 50 may be shaped into a flat plate shape. In addition, the solid wood 50 used here is an optimum material according to the use of the compressed wood product 1 among cocoons, camellia leaves, paulownia, cedar, pine, cherry blossoms, buds, ebony, teak, mahogany, rosewood, etc. Just choose.

この後、上記形取工程で形取った木材５１を圧縮する。この実施の形態においては、木材５１を２回に分けて圧縮する。これらの圧縮を行うに際し、まず木材５１を高温高圧の水蒸気雰囲気中に所定時間放置する。これにより、木材５１は過剰に水分を吸収して軟化する。   Thereafter, the wood 51 shaped in the shaping process is compressed. In this embodiment, the wood 51 is compressed in two steps. In performing these compressions, the wood 51 is first left in a high-temperature and high-pressure steam atmosphere for a predetermined time. Thereby, the wood 51 absorbs moisture excessively and softens.

続いて、同じ水蒸気雰囲気中で１回目の圧縮を行う（一次圧縮工程）。図４は、この一次圧縮工程の概要を示す説明図であり、木材５１に対して図２の断面と同じ切断面で見た縦断面図である。この図４に示すように、一次圧縮工程では、圧縮対象の木材５１を変形すべき形状に対応する一対の金属製の型枠６１および７１によって挟持し、この挟持した木材５１に対して所定の圧縮力を加える。   Subsequently, the first compression is performed in the same water vapor atmosphere (primary compression step). FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing an outline of the primary compression process, and is a longitudinal sectional view of the wood 51 as seen from the same cut surface as the section of FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, in the primary compression step, the wood 51 to be compressed is sandwiched between a pair of metal molds 61 and 71 corresponding to the shape to be deformed, and a predetermined amount of the sandwiched wood 51 is predetermined. Apply compressive force.

二つの型枠のうち、圧縮時に木材５１の上方からその木材５１に圧縮力を加える型枠６１は、下方に突出する凸部６２を有する。この凸部６２の側面は、木材５１の側板部５１ｂおよび５１ｃの内側面と略同形である。また、この凸部６２が下方に突出する高さＨは、略椀状をなす木材５１の内側面の深さｈよりも大きい（Ｈ＞ｈ）。他方、圧縮時に木材５１の下方からその木材５１に圧縮力を加える型枠７１は、下方に窪んだ凹部７２を有する。この凹部７２の形状は、側板部５１ｂおよび５１ｃの外側面に略同形である。   Of the two molds, the mold 61 that applies a compressive force to the wood 51 from above the wood 51 during compression has a convex portion 62 that projects downward. The side surface of the convex portion 62 is substantially the same shape as the inner side surfaces of the side plate portions 51 b and 51 c of the wood 51. Further, the height H at which the convex portion 62 protrudes downward is larger than the depth h of the inner side surface of the substantially wood-like wood 51 (H> h). On the other hand, the mold 71 for applying a compressive force to the wood 51 from below the wood 51 during compression has a recess 72 that is recessed downward. The shape of the recess 72 is substantially the same as the outer surface of the side plate portions 51b and 51c.

図５は、図４に示す状態から型枠６１を型枠７１に近づけるように下降していき、これら二つの型枠６１および７１で木材５１を挟持、圧縮している状態を示す断面図であり、図４と同じ切断面で見た断面図である。この図５に示すように、木材５１は凸部６２と凹部７２の隙間に相当する３次元形状に変形される。   FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the mold 61 is lowered from the state shown in FIG. 4 so as to approach the mold 71 and the wood 51 is sandwiched and compressed by these two molds 61 and 71. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the same cut surface as FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 5, the wood 51 is deformed into a three-dimensional shape corresponding to the gap between the convex portion 62 and the concave portion 72.

この一次圧縮工程では、凸部６２と凹部７２とが上述した形状をなすことにより、肉厚方向と圧縮力の作用線の方向とが略平行である主板部５１ａには大きな圧縮力が作用するため、圧縮後の肉厚ｒ1は圧縮前の肉厚ｒ0に比べて減少する。一方、側板部５１ｂおよび５１ｃには圧縮力がほとんど加わらないため、圧縮後の肉厚はｒ0のままである。この結果、一次圧縮工程後において、主板部５１ａの肉厚ｒ1は、側板部５１ｂおよび５１ｃの肉厚ｒ0よりも小さくなる（ｒ1＜ｒ0）。主板部５１ａの圧縮率は、その木材５１の素材や圧縮木製品１の用途を考慮した上で最適値をとるように設定すればよく、この設定した圧縮率の値に応じて木材５１の形取り（肉厚ｒ0、深さｈ等）や、型枠６１および７１の形状（凸部６２が下方に突出する高さＨ等）が定められる。 In this primary compression step, the convex portion 62 and the concave portion 72 have the above-described shape, so that a large compressive force acts on the main plate portion 51a in which the thickness direction and the direction of the action line of the compressive force are substantially parallel. Therefore, the thickness r 1 after compression is smaller than the thickness r 0 before compression. On the other hand, the side plate portions 51b and 51c for the compression force is hardly applied, the thickness after compression remains r 0. As a result, after the primary compression step, the thickness r 1 of the main plate portion 51a is smaller than the thickness r 0 of the side plate portions 51b and 51c (r 1 <r 0 ). The compression rate of the main plate portion 51a may be set to take an optimum value in consideration of the material of the wood 51 and the use of the compressed wood product 1, and the shape of the wood 51 is shaped according to the set compression rate value. (Thickness r 0 , depth h, etc.) and the shapes of the molds 61 and 71 (height H etc. at which the convex part 62 protrudes downward) are determined.

図５に示す圧縮状態で所定時間放置した後、型枠６１を上昇させることによって一次圧縮を受けた木材５１'から離間する。その後、別の型枠８１を下降させ、この型枠８１（第１の型枠）と型枠７１（第２の型枠）とによって木材５１'を挟持して圧縮する（二次圧縮工程）。この二次圧縮工程も、一次圧縮工程と同じ水蒸気雰囲気中で行われる。   After leaving for a predetermined time in the compressed state shown in FIG. 5, the mold 61 is moved up to be separated from the wood 51 ′ subjected to the primary compression. Thereafter, another mold 81 is lowered, and the wood 51 'is sandwiched and compressed by the mold 81 (first mold) and the mold 71 (second mold) (secondary compression step). . This secondary compression process is also performed in the same water vapor atmosphere as the primary compression process.

図６〜図８は、二次圧縮工程の概要を示す説明図である。これらの図６〜図８は、木材５１'に対して図４および図５に示す木材５１と同じ切断面でみた縦断面図である。   6-8 is explanatory drawing which shows the outline | summary of a secondary compression process. 6 to 8 are longitudinal sectional views of the wood 51 ′ as seen from the same cut surface as the wood 51 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.

まず、型枠８１の構成を説明する。この型枠８１は、木材５１'の内側面に当接して圧縮力を加えるシリコンゴム等の素材から成るゴム型８２と、このゴム型８２の上端と接着される略直方体状の金型８３と、この金型８３の周囲を包囲し、二次圧縮時にはその底面が木材５１'の側板部５１'ｂおよび５１'ｃの上端に当接する金型８４とを備える。このうち金型８３は、金型８４に対して相対的に上下動させることができる。   First, the configuration of the mold 81 will be described. The mold 81 includes a rubber mold 82 made of a material such as silicon rubber that abuts on the inner surface of the wood 51 ′ and applies a compressive force, and a substantially rectangular parallelepiped mold 83 bonded to the upper end of the rubber mold 82. The mold 83 is provided with a mold 84 that surrounds the periphery of the mold 83 and whose bottom face comes into contact with the upper ends of the side plate portions 51′b and 51′c of the wood 51 ′ during the secondary compression. Of these, the mold 83 can be moved up and down relatively with respect to the mold 84.

ゴム型８２の断面は、図６に示すように下方に行くにしたがって水平方向の幅が若干細くなるテーパ形状をなしており、このゴム型８２の底面は型枠７１の凹部７２に嵌合された状態にある木材５１'の主板部５１'ａの内側面よりも若干面積が小さい略長方形をなす。また、金型８４底面の内縁コーナー部はＲ形状をなしている。   As shown in FIG. 6, the cross section of the rubber mold 82 has a tapered shape in which the width in the horizontal direction becomes slightly narrower as it goes downward, and the bottom surface of the rubber mold 82 is fitted in the recess 72 of the mold 71. It forms a substantially rectangular shape whose area is slightly smaller than the inner side surface of the main plate portion 51 ′ of the wood 51 ′ in the stale state. Further, the inner edge corner portion of the bottom surface of the mold 84 has an R shape.

以上の構成を有する型枠８１を木材５１'の方向に下降させていくと、やがて図７に示すようにゴム型８２の底面が木材５１'の主板部５１'ａに当接する。この状態では、まだゴム型８２と木材５１'の間には隙間が生じている。この後、金型８４を静止させたまま、この金型８４に対して上下動可能な金型８３をさらに下降させていくと、ゴム型８２は鉛直方向に押圧されることによって変形し、木材５１'との間に生じていた隙間を徐々に埋めていく。この際、ゴム型８２のテーパ形状と金型８４底面の内縁コーナー部のＲ形状とにより、ゴム型８２はスムーズに変形することができる。   When the mold 81 having the above configuration is lowered in the direction of the wood 51 ', the bottom surface of the rubber die 82 eventually comes into contact with the main plate portion 51'a of the wood 51' as shown in FIG. In this state, there is still a gap between the rubber mold 82 and the wood 51 ′. Thereafter, when the mold 83 that can move up and down with respect to the mold 84 is further lowered while the mold 84 is kept stationary, the rubber mold 82 is deformed by being pressed in the vertical direction, and the wood Gradually fill the gap that had occurred between 51 '. At this time, the rubber mold 82 can be smoothly deformed by the tapered shape of the rubber mold 82 and the R shape of the inner edge corner portion of the bottom surface of the mold 84.

ゴム型８２によって木材５１'との隙間が完全に埋め尽くされ、その木材５１'に対して所定の圧縮力が加わる状態に達した時点で金型８３の下降を止め、その状態を所定時間だけ保持する。図８は、ゴム型８２が木材５１'を圧縮している状況を示す図である。同図に示す状態においては、ゴム型８２の特性により、そのゴム型８２から木材５１'に対して、場所によらずに均一な圧縮力が作用する。   When the rubber mold 82 completely fills the gap with the wood 51 'and reaches a state where a predetermined compressive force is applied to the wood 51', the mold 83 stops descending, and the state is maintained for a predetermined time. Hold. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a situation where the rubber mold 82 is compressing the wood 51 ′. In the state shown in the figure, due to the characteristics of the rubber mold 82, a uniform compressive force acts on the wood 51 ′ from the rubber mold 82 regardless of the location.

図８に示す状態で木材５１'を所定時間放置した後、圧縮を解いて木材５１'を乾燥させる。この結果、図１および図２に示す圧縮木製品１が完成する。２回の圧縮工程を経ることにより、圧縮木製品１の密度（比重）は略一様となり、その強度も略一様となる。木材５１から形成される圧縮木製品１の肉厚方向の圧縮率の平均値（平均圧縮率）は０.５〜０.７程度であり、図２に示す肉厚ｒは、無垢材５０から形取った木材５１の圧縮前の肉厚ｒ0（図４を参照）の３０〜５０％程度となる。 In the state shown in FIG. 8, the wood 51 ′ is left for a predetermined time, and then the compression is released to dry the wood 51 ′. As a result, the compressed wood product 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is completed. By going through the two compression steps, the density (specific gravity) of the compressed wood product 1 becomes substantially uniform, and the strength thereof becomes substantially uniform. The average value (average compression ratio) of the compression ratio in the thickness direction of the compressed wood product 1 formed from the wood 51 is about 0.5 to 0.7, and the thickness r shown in FIG. It becomes about 30 to 50% of the thickness r 0 (see FIG. 4) of the wood 51 taken before compression.

なお、圧縮木製品１の最終的な形状を決める二次圧縮工程の平均圧縮率の方が、一次圧縮工程における平均圧縮率よりも大きければより好ましい。本実施の形態の場合、一次圧縮工程においては、主板部での圧縮率が（ｒ0−ｒ1）／ｒ0、側板部での圧縮率が０であるから、平均圧縮率は（ｒ0−ｒ1）／２ｒ0となる。これに対して、二次圧縮工程においては、主板部の圧縮率が（ｒ1−ｒ）／ｒ1、側板部での圧縮率が（ｒ0−ｒ）／ｒ0であるから、平均圧縮率は｛（ｒ0（ｒ1−ｒ）＋ｒ1（ｒ0−ｒ）]／２ｒ0ｒ1となる。これにより、二次圧縮工程の平均圧縮率が一次圧縮工程の平均圧縮率を上回るための条件はｒ1＞ｒとなる。換言すると、木材５１から圧縮木製品１を形成する場合、二次圧縮工程の平均圧縮率が一次圧縮工程の平均圧縮率を上回るためには、二次圧縮工程によって主板部の肉厚が減少すればよい。 In addition, it is more preferable if the average compression rate of the secondary compression process which determines the final shape of the compressed wood product 1 is larger than the average compression rate in the primary compression process. In the case of the present embodiment, in the primary compression step, the compression ratio at the main plate portion is (r 0 −r 1 ) / r 0 and the compression rate at the side plate portion is 0, so the average compression rate is (r 0 the -r 1) / 2r 0. On the other hand, in the secondary compression step, the compression ratio of the main plate portion is (r 1 −r) / r 1 , and the compression rate of the side plate portion is (r 0 −r) / r 0. The rate is {(r 0 (r 1 −r) + r 1 (r 0 −r)] / 2r 0 r 1 , whereby the average compression rate of the secondary compression step exceeds the average compression rate of the primary compression step. The condition for this is r 1 > r.In other words, when the compressed wooden product 1 is formed from the wood 51, in order for the average compression rate of the secondary compression step to exceed the average compression rate of the primary compression step, secondary compression is required. The thickness of the main plate portion may be reduced depending on the process.

図９は、以上説明したように形成された圧縮木製品１の一適用例を示す図であり、より具体的には、その圧縮木製品１を外装材とするデジタルカメラの外観構成を示す斜視図である。同図に示すデジタルカメラ１００は、圧縮木製品１に開口部や切り欠き等を適宜設けることによって形成した二つのカバー部材２および３が組み合わさって成る筐体状の外装材を備える。この外装材内部には、撮像処理等に関する駆動制御を行う制御回路、ＣＣＤやＣＭＯＳ等の固体撮像素子、および音声の入出力を行うマイクロフォンやスピーカを含み、デジタルカメラ１００の機能を実現するための各種電子的部材および光学的部材が収納される（図示せず）。   FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an application example of the compressed wood product 1 formed as described above, and more specifically, a perspective view showing an external configuration of a digital camera using the compressed wood product 1 as an exterior material. is there. The digital camera 100 shown in the figure includes a casing-shaped exterior material formed by combining two cover members 2 and 3 formed by appropriately providing an opening, a notch or the like in the compressed wood product 1. The exterior material includes a control circuit that performs drive control related to imaging processing and the like, a solid-state imaging device such as a CCD and a CMOS, and a microphone and a speaker that perform audio input and output. Various electronic members and optical members are accommodated (not shown).

図１０は、カバー部材２および３の概略構成を示す斜視図である。同図に示すように、カバー部材２および３は、圧縮木製品１に開口部や切り欠きを適宜設けたものである。このうち、カバー部材２の主板部２ａには、撮像レンズを含む撮像部４を表出する円筒形状の開口部２１およびフラッシュ５を表出する直方体形状の開口部２２が形成されている。また、カバー部材２の側板部２ｂおよび２ｃには、半円筒形状の切り欠き２３および直方体形状の切り欠き２４がそれぞれ設けられている。カバー部材２および３の肉厚はほぼ均一であり、その肉厚の値が１.６ｍｍ程度であればより好ましい。   FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of the cover members 2 and 3. As shown in the figure, the cover members 2 and 3 are obtained by appropriately providing an opening or notch in the compressed wood product 1. Among these, the main plate portion 2 a of the cover member 2 is formed with a cylindrical opening 21 that exposes the imaging unit 4 including the imaging lens and a rectangular parallelepiped opening 22 that exposes the flash 5. The side plate portions 2b and 2c of the cover member 2 are provided with a semi-cylindrical cutout 23 and a rectangular parallelepiped cutout 24, respectively. It is more preferable that the thickness of the cover members 2 and 3 is substantially uniform, and the thickness value is about 1.6 mm.

他方、カバー部材３の主板部３ａには、画像情報や文字情報を表示するために液晶ディスプレイ、プラズマディスプレイ、または有機ＥＬディスプレイ等を用いて実現される表示部６を表出する直方体形状の開口部３１が形成されている。このカバー部材３の側板部３ｂには、カバー部材２の切り欠き２３と組み合わさってシャッターボタン７を表出する開口部４１をなす半円筒形状の切り欠き３２が設けられている。また、側板部３ｃには、カバー部材２の切り欠き２４と組み合わさって外部機器との接続用インタフェース（ＤＣ入力端子やＵＳＢ接続端子等を含む）を表出する開口部４２をなす切り欠き３３が設けられている。   On the other hand, the main plate portion 3a of the cover member 3 has a rectangular parallelepiped opening that exposes the display portion 6 that is realized by using a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, an organic EL display, or the like to display image information or character information. A portion 31 is formed. The side plate portion 3b of the cover member 3 is provided with a semi-cylindrical cutout 32 that forms an opening 41 that exposes the shutter button 7 in combination with the cutout 23 of the cover member 2. Further, the side plate portion 3c has a notch 33 that forms an opening 42 that exposes an interface for connection to an external device (including a DC input terminal, a USB connection terminal, etc.) in combination with the notch 24 of the cover member 2. Is provided.

上述した開口部や切り欠きは、原材料となる木材を無垢材５０から形取る際に一括して形成してもよいし、一次圧縮工程後または二次圧縮工程後に切削、穿孔等によって形成してもよい。なお、ファインダ取付用の開口部や、操作指示信号の入力を受け付ける入力キー表出用の開口部を適当な位置にさらに設けてもよいし、外装材内部のスピーカが発生する音声を出力する音声出力用孔部を適当な位置に穿設してもよい。   The openings and notches described above may be formed in a lump when the raw material wood is formed from the solid material 50, or may be formed by cutting, drilling or the like after the primary compression process or the secondary compression process. Also good. It should be noted that an opening for attaching the finder and an opening for displaying an input key for receiving an operation instruction signal may be further provided at an appropriate position, or a sound for outputting a sound generated by a speaker inside the exterior material. The output hole may be formed at an appropriate position.

圧縮木製品１を上記の如くデジタルカメラ１００の外装材として適用すると、その外装材表面の木材が有する木目や凹凸が滑り止めの役割を果たすため、デジタルカメラ１００の操作性を向上させることができる。この意味で、本実施の形態に係る木材の加工方法によって形成された圧縮木製品は、デジタルカメラ以外の電子機器、例えば、携帯電話、ＰＨＳまたはＰＤＡ等の携帯型通信端末、携帯型オーディオ装置、ＩＣレコーダ、携帯型テレビ、携帯型ラジオ、各種家電製品のリモコン、デジタルビデオなどの外装材としても適用可能である。   When the compressed wood product 1 is applied as an exterior material of the digital camera 100 as described above, the grain and irregularities of the wood on the exterior material surface play a role of preventing slipping, so that the operability of the digital camera 100 can be improved. In this sense, the compressed wood product formed by the wood processing method according to the present embodiment is an electronic device other than a digital camera, for example, a portable communication terminal such as a mobile phone, PHS or PDA, a portable audio device, an IC. It can also be applied to exterior materials for recorders, portable televisions, portable radios, remote controls for various home appliances, digital video, and the like.

以上説明した本発明の一実施の形態によれば、少なくとも加工対象の木材表面に当接する部分が粘性および弾性のうち少なくともいずれか一方の性質を備えた材質から成る第１の型枠と、金属から成る第２の型枠とによって木材を挟持して圧縮することにより、加工すべき木材の形状によらずにその木材の密度を一様にすることができる。この結果、圧縮後の木材に対してその形状によらずに一様な強度を付与することが可能となる。   According to the embodiment of the present invention described above, the first mold frame made of a material having at least one of the properties of viscosity and elasticity at least in contact with the wood surface to be processed, and metal By sandwiching and compressing the wood with the second mold made of, the density of the wood can be made uniform regardless of the shape of the wood to be processed. As a result, it is possible to impart a uniform strength to the compressed wood regardless of its shape.

また、この実施の形態によれば、圧縮後の木材内部の残留応力を少なくし、壊れにくく経時変化を生じにくい形状安定性の高い圧縮木製品を製造することが可能となる。特に、ゴム型を用いた圧縮を行うことにより、例えば木材の節の部分などのように、他の部分よりも固くて金型による圧縮では割れを生じやすい箇所に対しても、割れを生じさせることなく一様な圧縮力を加えることができるので、歩留まりの向上にも繋がる。   Further, according to this embodiment, it is possible to reduce the residual stress inside the compressed wood, and to produce a compressed wooden product with high shape stability that is hard to break and hardly changes over time. In particular, by compressing with a rubber mold, cracks are generated even in places that are harder than other parts, such as a section of wood, and that are prone to cracking by compression with a mold. A uniform compressive force can be applied without any problem, leading to an improvement in yield.

（その他の実施の形態）
ここまで、本発明を実施するための最良の形態を詳述してきたが、本発明は上記一実施の形態によってのみ限定されるものではない。例えば、木材の形取工程を行った後、上記一次圧縮工程を行うことなく、ゴム型を用いた二次圧縮工程を行ってもよい。 (Other embodiments)
The best mode for carrying out the present invention has been described in detail so far, but the present invention is not limited only to the above-described embodiment. For example, after a wood shaping process, a secondary compression process using a rubber mold may be performed without performing the primary compression process.

また、二次圧縮工程を行った後の木材に対し、その形状を所定の形状に合わせるための仕上工程をさらに行ってもよい。この仕上工程として、上記一次または二次圧縮工程と同様の水蒸気雰囲気中で、ゴム型よりも寸法精度の高い所定の金型を用いて圧縮する三次圧縮工程（仕上圧縮工程）を行うことができる。かかる三次圧縮工程を行うことにより、木材の形状をより高い精度で所定の形状に合わせることが可能となる。   Moreover, you may further perform the finishing process for matching the shape with the predetermined | prescribed shape with respect to the timber after performing a secondary compression process. As this finishing step, a tertiary compression step (finishing compression step) in which compression is performed using a predetermined mold having a higher dimensional accuracy than the rubber mold can be performed in a water vapor atmosphere similar to the primary or secondary compression step. . By performing such a tertiary compression step, the shape of the wood can be adjusted to a predetermined shape with higher accuracy.

これに対し、仕上工程として、木材表面を切削することによってその木材表面の形状を整える切削工程を行ってもよい。この切削工程は、例えば木材に節があり、この節の部分の肉厚が他の部分の肉厚よりも厚い状態で残っている場合に表面を平らにするような状況において好適である。かかる切削工程を行うことにより、三次圧縮工程を行う場合と同様、木材の形状をより高い精度で所定の形状に合わせることが可能となる。なお、仕上工程として、上述した三次圧縮工程と切削工程の両方を所定の順序で行っても勿論構わない。さらに、前述した形取工程に続いてゴム型による圧縮工程を行う場合にも、圧縮工程の後に仕上工程を行うことができる。   On the other hand, you may perform the cutting process which arranges the shape of the wood surface by cutting the wood surface as a finishing process. This cutting process is suitable, for example, in a situation where the surface is flattened when there is a knot in the wood and the thickness of the knot portion remains thicker than the thickness of the other portions. By performing such a cutting process, it becomes possible to match the shape of the wood to a predetermined shape with higher accuracy, as in the case of performing the tertiary compression process. Of course, as the finishing process, both the above-described tertiary compression process and the cutting process may be performed in a predetermined order. Furthermore, also when performing the compression process by a rubber mold following the above-mentioned shaping process, a finishing process can be performed after the compression process.

ところで、上記一実施の形態では、二次圧縮工程において弾性体であるゴム型を用いて木材に圧縮力を加えたが、そのようなゴム型の代わりに、例えばより一般の高分子ゲルを含む粘弾性体や粘土等から成る型を用いてもよく、この意味では、粘性および弾性のうち少なくともいずれか一方を備えた材質によって形成される型を型枠８１として適用することができる。   By the way, in the above-described embodiment, the compression force is applied to the wood using a rubber mold that is an elastic body in the secondary compression step. For example, a more general polymer gel is included instead of such a rubber mold. A mold made of a viscoelastic body, clay, or the like may be used. In this sense, a mold formed of a material having at least one of viscosity and elasticity can be applied as the mold 81.

以上の説明からも明らかなように、本発明は、ここでは記載していないさまざまな実施の形態等を含みうるものであり、特許請求の範囲により特定される技術的思想を逸脱しない範囲内において種々の設計変更等を施すことが可能である。   As is clear from the above description, the present invention can include various embodiments and the like not described herein, and within the scope not departing from the technical idea specified by the claims. Various design changes and the like can be made.

本発明の一実施の形態に係る木材の加工方法によって形成される圧縮木製品の構成を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the compression wooden product formed by the processing method of the wood which concerns on one embodiment of this invention. 図１のＡ−Ａ線断面図である。It is the sectional view on the AA line of FIG. 木材を無圧縮状態の無垢材から形取る状況を模式的に示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows typically the condition which shapes wood from the solid material of an uncompressed state. 本発明の一実施の形態に係る木材の加工方法の一次圧縮工程の概要を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline | summary of the primary compression process of the processing method of the timber which concerns on one embodiment of this invention. 一次圧縮工程における木材圧縮時の状態を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the state at the time of the wood compression in a primary compression process. 本発明の一実施の形態に係る木材の加工方法の二次圧縮工程において、木材上方の型枠を下降する時の状態を示す縦断面図である。In the secondary compression process of the processing method of the timber concerning one embodiment of the present invention, it is a longitudinal section showing the state when descending the formwork above the timber. 本発明の一実施の形態に係る木材の加工方法の二次圧縮工程において、木材上方の型枠が木材に当接した時の状態を示す縦断面図である。In the secondary compression process of the processing method of the timber concerning one embodiment of the present invention, it is a longitudinal section showing the state when the formwork above the timber contacts the timber. 二次圧縮工程において木材圧縮時の状態を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the state at the time of wood compression in a secondary compression process. 図１の圧縮木製品を外装材として適用したデジタルカメラの外観構成を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance structure of the digital camera which applied the compressed wood product of FIG. 1 as an exterior material. デジタルカメラを外装するカバー部材の構成を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the cover member which exterior | wraps a digital camera.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 圧縮木製品
２、３ カバー部材
１ａ、２ａ、３ａ、５１ａ、５１'ａ 主板部
１ｂ、１ｃ、２ｂ、２ｃ、３ｂ、３ｃ、５１ｂ、５１'ｂ、５１ｃ、５１'ｃ 側板部
４ 撮像部
５ フラッシュ
６ 表示部
７ シャッターボタン
２１、２２、３１、４１、４２ 開口部
５０ 無垢材
５０Ｇ 木目
５１、５１' 木材
６１、７１、８１ 型枠
６２ 凸部
７２ 凹部
８２ ゴム型
８３、８４ 金型
１００ デジタルカメラ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Compressed wood product 2, 3 Cover member 1a, 2a, 3a, 51a, 51'a Main board part 1b, 1c, 2b, 2c, 3b, 3c, 51b, 51'b, 51c, 51'c Side board part 4 Imaging part 5 Flash 6 Display 7 Shutter button 21, 22, 31, 41, 42 Opening 50 Solid wood 50G Wood 51, 51 'Wood 61, 71, 81 Mold frame 62 Convex 72 Concave 82 Rubber mold 83, 84 Mold 100 Digital camera

Claims (6)

木材を所定の３次元形状に加工する木材の加工方法であって、
略長方形状の表面をなす主板部と、この主板部の長手方向に沿うとともに前記主板部の周縁から前記主板部に対して所定の角度をなして延出する側板部とを備えた略椀状の木材の前記主板部に圧縮力を加える一次圧縮工程と、
前記一次圧縮工程で前記主板部を圧縮した木材の略椀状の内側面に当接し、前記内側面に当接する部分が粘性および弾性のうち少なくともいずれか一方の性質を備えた材質から成る第１の型枠と、前記木材の略椀状の外側面と略同形をなす凹部を有する金属製の第２の型枠とによって挟持して前記主板部および前記側板部に圧縮力を加える二次圧縮工程と、
を含み、
前記二次圧縮工程は、
前記第１の型枠が前記主板部の表面に当接した後、前記粘性および弾性のうち少なくともいずれか一方の性質を備えた材質から成る部分が変形しながら前記木材との隙間を徐々に埋めていくことを特徴とする木材の加工方法。 A wood processing method for processing wood into a predetermined three-dimensional shape,
A substantially bowl-like shape comprising a main plate portion having a substantially rectangular surface and a side plate portion extending along the longitudinal direction of the main plate portion and extending from the periphery of the main plate portion at a predetermined angle with respect to the main plate portion. A primary compression step of applying a compressive force to the main plate portion of the wood of
A first contact made of a material having at least one of viscosity and elasticity in contact with a substantially bowl-shaped inner side surface of the wood that has compressed the main plate portion in the primary compression step . Secondary compression for applying a compressive force to the main plate portion and the side plate portion by sandwiching the metal plate and a second metal mold having a recess that is substantially the same shape as the substantially bowl-shaped outer surface of the wood. Process,
Only including,
The secondary compression step includes
After the first formwork comes into contact with the surface of the main plate portion, a portion made of a material having at least one of the properties of viscosity and elasticity is gradually deformed to gradually fill a gap with the wood. A method for processing wood, which is characterized by being followed. 前記一次圧縮工程における木材の平均圧縮率は、前記二次圧縮工程における木材の平均圧縮率よりも小さいことを特徴とする請求項１記載の木材の加工方法。 The wood processing method according to claim 1 , wherein an average compression rate of the wood in the primary compression step is smaller than an average compression rate of the wood in the secondary compression step . 前記一次圧縮工程は、
前記所定の３次元形状に対応し、ともに金属から成る一対の型枠によって前記木材を挟持して圧縮力を加えることを特徴とする請求項１または２記載の木材の加工方法。 The primary compression step includes
The wood processing method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein a compression force is applied by sandwiching the wood by a pair of metal molds corresponding to the predetermined three-dimensional shape . 前記二次圧縮工程の後、当該木材の形状を所定の形状に合わせる仕上工程をさらに行うことを特徴とする請求項１〜３のいずれか一項記載の木材の加工方法。 The wood processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a finishing step of adjusting the shape of the wood to a predetermined shape after the secondary compression step . 前記仕上工程は、当該木材を圧縮する仕上圧縮工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項４記載の木材の加工方法。 The wood finishing method according to claim 4 , wherein the finishing step includes a finishing compression step of compressing the wood. 前記仕上工程は、当該木材の表面を切削する切削工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項４記載の木材の加工方法。 The wood finishing method according to claim 4 , wherein the finishing step includes a cutting step of cutting the surface of the wood.
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CN200680006388XA CN101128292B (en) 2005-04-01 2006-02-28 Processing apparatus, mold for wood processing, and method of processing wood
US11/403,707 US20060236650A1 (en) 2005-04-01 2006-04-13 Processing apparatus, mold for wood processing, and method of processing wood
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