JP4198246B2 - Surface light source element - Google Patents

Surface light source element Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4198246B2
JP4198246B2 JP32500898A JP32500898A JP4198246B2 JP 4198246 B2 JP4198246 B2 JP 4198246B2 JP 32500898 A JP32500898 A JP 32500898A JP 32500898 A JP32500898 A JP 32500898A JP 4198246 B2 JP4198246 B2 JP 4198246B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
light source
light
control plate
convex portion
outgoing
Prior art date
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JP32500898A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2000148032A (en
Inventor
伊久雄 大西
克也 藤澤
陸司 渡辺
洋一 橋本
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Kuraray Co Ltd
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Kuraray Co Ltd
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  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はエレクトロルミネッセンスを発光光源とする面光源素子に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
液晶パネルに代表される透過型表示素子、広告用パネル等にはこれらの裏面から光を照射する面状の光源が必要である。このような面状の光源の1つとして、エレクトロルミネッセンス(以下、エレクトロルミネッセンスを「EL」と略する。)を用いたものが挙げられる。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
近年、透過型表示素子、広告用パネル等を薄型化しようとする要望が強い。EL光源は薄く、EL光源を用いれば透過型表示素子等の薄型化を達成することができる。しかし、EL光源には輝度が低いという課題が存在する。
【0004】
本発明は上記の課題に鑑みてなされたもので、ELを光源に用い、薄型でありながら高輝度であるという特徴を有する面光源素子を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題を解決する本発明の面光源素子は、エレクトロルミネッセンスを発光源とする光源と、該光源と対向する面に複数の凸部が設けられ、該凸部が該光源の出射面に密着するように該光源の出射面側に配置された出射光制御板とを備えており、光源側から該凸部の頂部に臨界角以上の角度で入射した光線を該凸部によって出射光制御板側に取出すことを特徴とする。上記出射光制御板の光源と対向する面とは反対側の面にも複数の凸部を設けても良い。
【0006】
EL光源の発光層を発した光のうち、ELの発光層を覆う透明基材に対して臨界角以上で入射した光は全反射をおこして該透明基材から出射されない。本発明では、出射光制御板の光入射面に設けた複数の凸部をEL光源の出射面に密着させているので、臨界角以上で入射してくる光を該凸部の頂部から取出すことができる。これによって面光源素子を高輝度化(正面方向に対する輝度を最大で50%程度向上)させることができる。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1および図2を用いて本発明の原理を説明する。図2は透明ガラスなどに代表される透明基板2、ITOなどに代表される透明電極3、エレクトロルミネッセンス層4および金属層5で構成された一般的なエレクトロルミネッセンスを発光原理とする光源(EL光源1)の概略断面図である。図1(a)はEL光源の上記透明基板2の光出射面側に出射光制御板6が設けられた本発明の面光源素子の概略断面図である。出射光制御板の透明基板2に対向する面、つまり出射光制御板の光入射面7には複数の凸部9が形成されている。この凸部9はEL光源1の透明基板2の出射面と密着して一体化されている。図1(a)および図2に示すEL光源1の発光層4から生じた光は、透明基板2内を伝搬して光出射面に達する。透明基板2の屈折率をn、出射側を空気とした場合、臨界角は
θc=Sin-1(1/n)
で得られる(ただし、空気の屈折率を1とする。)。透明基板2と空気との界面に達した光の中で、透明基板2への入射角が臨界角より小さい場合には、透明基板2と空気との界面で屈折して出射される(図2に示す光線L1)。臨界角より大きな角度で入射した光は、全反射により再度透明基板2内を伝搬する。この反射光はEL発光層4と金属電極5との界面で再度反射されるが、金属電極5の表面層が透明基板の表面と平行である場合には、透明基板2の表面と金属電極5の表面層とで多重反射を繰り返し、透明基板2から出射されることはない(図2に示す光線L2)。
【0008】
しかし、本発明により、図1(a)に示すように透明基板2の表面に出射光制御板6の光入射面側に設けられた凸部9の頂部を密着させることによって、全反射の条件にある光も出射光制御板6内に取り込むことができる。この取り込まれた光は出射光制御板の凸部壁面での全反射や屈折作用を受けて出射光制御板6の光出射面8から出射される。出射光制御板によって、これまでは利用されていなかった光を取出すことができ、面光源素子の輝度を高めることができる。図1(b)は図1(a)に示す本発明の面光源素子の一例の概略斜視図である。
【0009】
本発明において出射光制御板に設けられる上記複数の凸部は周期性を有していなくても良いが、1次元あるいは2次元の周期構造をなしていてもよい。出射光制御板に設けられる上記複数の凸部が周期性を有する場合には、凸部の周期(ピッチ)に対する凸部の高さの割合が1/3から2の範囲にあることが望ましい。この範囲より小さくなると凸部壁面での屈折、反射が起こり難くなることがあり、この範囲よりも大きくなると、凸部の密着部以外からのEL出射光が該凸部で屈折されることがあるからである。また、該周期は10μmから5cmの範囲にあることが望ましい。図3に出射光制御板の光入射面に設けられる周期性を有する凸部のパターンの一例を示す。図3(a)は2次元パターンの場合の、図3(b)は1次元パターンの場合のそれぞれ一例を示している。該凸部が1次元パターンである場合には凸部の溝方向に対して直交する方向のみの角度分布を制御することができるが、該凸部が2次元パターンの場合には両方向の角度分布を制御することが可能である。
【0010】
出射光制御板の光源に対向する面と、当該面とは反対側の面(出射面)とに共に1次元パターンの凸部を設ける場合、該1次元パターンの凸部が互いに直交する方向に設けられていることが望ましい。当該出射面にも凸部を設けることによって、EL光源からの光を取出すばかりでなく、面光源素子からの出射光の角度分布の制御を行う機能を出射光制御板に持たせることができる。この出射光制御板の出射面側に設けられた凸部がプリズムアレイをなすように構成することで高輝度化が図られる。
【0011】
該凸部パターンの断面形状は、直線、曲線のいずれで構成されていてもよい。曲線で構成される場合には放物線、楕円、またはこれらの曲線を組合わせて構成されることが望ましい。図4に本発明で使用される出射光制御板の入射面側の凸部断面形状の一例を示す。図4(a)に示すものは直線で構成されている。図4(b)に示すものは曲面で構成されており、その曲面は楕円状となっている。曲面は楕円状に限られることはなく、放物面、楕円と放物面との組合わせからなる曲面でもよい。なお、出射光制御板の入射面側に設けられる凸部の形状および出射面側に設けられる凸部の形状を変化させることによって、面光源素子の出射面に対して斜め方向に輝度のピークを向けることが可能である。
【0012】
図5に本発明の面光源素子の他の具体例の概略斜視図を示す。この面光源素子では、出射光制御板6の出射面側にも凸部10が設けられている。この出射光制御板6は図6に示すように、入射側(光源側)に1次元パターンの凸部9が設けられており、出射側にも1次元パターンの凸部10が設けられている。これら2つの凸部の溝方向は互いに直交している。上記出射側の凸部10の断面形状を例えば頂角が90゜のプリズムアレイとすることにより、入射側の凸部9により集光された光を出射側に設けられた凸部10によってさらに集光させることができるため、より高輝度化を図ることができる。
【0013】
図7に本発明の面光源素子の他の具体例の概略斜視図を示す。この面光源素子では、出射光制御板6の出射面側には微少な凸部10がランダムに配置されている。この微少な凸部の高さは0.1μmから3μmの範囲でランダムに分布している。この例の場合では、入射面側の凸部9により集光された光を出射面側に設けた該ランダムな凸部10で散乱させ、輝度の角度分布をなだらかにし、見た目の向上を図ることができる。また、入射面側に設けた格子が周期性を有する場合には該微少な凸部10による散乱効果により格子の周期パターンを隠すことが出来るため、該面光源素子と周期性を有する液晶パネルなどとを組合わせた場合に発生するモアレを防止することができる。
【0014】
本発明で用いられる出射光制御板の上記凸部は、例えばアクリル板をプレス成形することによって作製される。また、TACフィルム、アクリルフィルム、PETフィルム、PCフィルムなどの透明性を有するフィルム上に紫外線硬化樹脂を塗布し、雌金型をこれに押し付けて紫外線(UV)を照射することにより紫外線硬化樹脂を硬化させた後、雌金型から成形物を剥離することによっても作製することができる。透明樹脂を用いて射出成形することによっても出射光制御板を作製することができる。出射光制御板の上記凸部とEL光源の透明基板とは紫外線(UV)硬化型の接着剤を用いて接着することができる。
【0015】
本発明において光源として使用するEL光源のエレクトロルミネッセンス層を形成する材料は有機、無機の何れでも良い。また、本発明は透明基板で覆われたEL光源内で起こる全反射によりEL光源内に閉じ込められる光を、出射光制御板の光入射面側に設けられた凸部によって取出そうとするものであるから、EL光源の構成の如何に関わらず利用することができる。
【0016】
本発明の面光源素子の用途としては、液晶用バックライト、広告用バックライト、室内照明、標識等が挙げられる。
【0017】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、高輝度なエレクトロルミネッセンス型面光源素子を得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の面光源素子の原理を説明する図である。
【図2】ELを用いた従来の面光源素子における光線追跡図である。
【図3】出射光制御板の光入射面側凸部のパターンの一例を示す図である。
【図4】出射光制御板の凸部の断面形状の一例を示す図である。
【図5】本発明の面光源素子の一例の概略斜視図である。
【図6】出射光制御板の一例の概略斜視図である。
【図7】本発明の面光源素子の他の一例の概略斜視図である。
【符号の説明】
1 エレクトロルミネッセンス(EL)光源
2 透明基板
3 透明電極
4 EL層
5 金属層
6 出射光制御板
9,10 凸部
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a surface light source element using electroluminescence as a light emission source.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A transmissive display element typified by a liquid crystal panel, an advertising panel, and the like require a planar light source that emits light from the back surface thereof. One of such planar light sources is one using electroluminescence (hereinafter, electroluminescence is abbreviated as “EL”).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In recent years, there has been a strong demand for thinning transmissive display elements, advertising panels, and the like. The EL light source is thin, and if an EL light source is used, a transmissive display element or the like can be thinned. However, the EL light source has a problem of low luminance.
[0004]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a surface light source element having a feature of being thin but having high luminance using an EL as a light source.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The surface light source element of the present invention that solves the above-described problems includes a light source that uses electroluminescence as a light source, and a plurality of convex portions provided on a surface facing the light source, and the convex portions are in close contact with an emission surface of the light source. And an output light control plate disposed on the output surface side of the light source, and the light incident on the top of the convex portion from the light source side at an angle greater than a critical angle is output by the convex portion. It is taken out to the side. A plurality of convex portions may be provided on the surface of the outgoing light control plate opposite to the surface facing the light source.
[0006]
Of the light emitted from the light emitting layer of the EL light source, light incident at a critical angle or more with respect to the transparent substrate covering the EL light emitting layer is totally reflected and is not emitted from the transparent substrate. In the present invention, since the plurality of convex portions provided on the light incident surface of the outgoing light control plate are in close contact with the outgoing surface of the EL light source, light incident at a critical angle or more is taken out from the top of the convex portion. Can do. This can increase the brightness of the surface light source element (improve the brightness in the front direction by about 50% at the maximum).
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The principle of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 2 shows a light source (EL light source) based on general electroluminescence composed of a transparent substrate 2 typified by transparent glass and the like, a transparent electrode 3 typified by ITO and the like, an electroluminescence layer 4 and a metal layer 5. It is a schematic sectional drawing of 1). FIG. 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a surface light source element of the present invention in which an emitted light control plate 6 is provided on the light emitting surface side of the transparent substrate 2 of the EL light source. A plurality of convex portions 9 are formed on the surface of the outgoing light control plate facing the transparent substrate 2, that is, the light incident surface 7 of the outgoing light control plate. The convex portion 9 is in close contact with and integrated with the emission surface of the transparent substrate 2 of the EL light source 1. The light generated from the light emitting layer 4 of the EL light source 1 shown in FIGS. 1A and 2 propagates through the transparent substrate 2 and reaches the light emitting surface. When the refractive index of the transparent substrate 2 is n and the emission side is air, the critical angle is θc = Sin −1 (1 / n)
(However, the refractive index of air is 1). In the light reaching the interface between the transparent substrate 2 and air, when the incident angle to the transparent substrate 2 is smaller than the critical angle, the light is refracted and emitted at the interface between the transparent substrate 2 and air (FIG. 2). Light ray L1) shown in FIG. Light incident at an angle larger than the critical angle propagates through the transparent substrate 2 again by total reflection. This reflected light is reflected again at the interface between the EL light-emitting layer 4 and the metal electrode 5. When the surface layer of the metal electrode 5 is parallel to the surface of the transparent substrate, the surface of the transparent substrate 2 and the metal electrode 5 are reflected. Multiple reflections are repeated with the surface layer of the light source and the light is not emitted from the transparent substrate 2 (light ray L2 shown in FIG. 2).
[0008]
However, according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1A, the top of the convex portion 9 provided on the light incident surface side of the outgoing light control plate 6 is brought into close contact with the surface of the transparent substrate 2, whereby the total reflection condition is achieved. Can also be taken into the outgoing light control plate 6. The captured light is emitted from the light exit surface 8 of the exit light control plate 6 after undergoing total reflection and refraction on the convex wall surface of the exit light control plate. The outgoing light control plate can extract light that has not been used so far, and can increase the luminance of the surface light source element. FIG.1 (b) is a schematic perspective view of an example of the surface light source element of this invention shown to Fig.1 (a).
[0009]
In the present invention, the plurality of convex portions provided on the outgoing light control plate may not have periodicity, but may have a one-dimensional or two-dimensional periodic structure. When the plurality of convex portions provided on the outgoing light control plate have periodicity, it is desirable that the ratio of the height of the convex portion to the period (pitch) of the convex portion is in the range of 1/3 to 2. If it is smaller than this range, refraction and reflection at the convex wall surface may be difficult to occur, and if it is larger than this range, EL emitted light from other than the close contact portion of the convex portion may be refracted by the convex portion. Because. The period is preferably in the range of 10 μm to 5 cm. FIG. 3 shows an example of a pattern of convex portions having periodicity provided on the light incident surface of the outgoing light control plate. FIG. 3A shows an example in the case of a two-dimensional pattern, and FIG. 3B shows an example in the case of a one-dimensional pattern. When the convex portion is a one-dimensional pattern, the angular distribution only in the direction orthogonal to the groove direction of the convex portion can be controlled. However, when the convex portion is a two-dimensional pattern, the angular distribution in both directions is controlled. Can be controlled.
[0010]
When providing a convex portion of a one-dimensional pattern on both the surface facing the light source of the outgoing light control plate and the surface opposite to the surface (outgoing surface), the convex portions of the one-dimensional pattern are in a direction perpendicular to each other. It is desirable to be provided. By providing a convex portion on the exit surface, the exit light control plate can have a function of controlling the angular distribution of the exit light from the surface light source element as well as taking out the light from the EL light source. Brightness can be increased by configuring the projections provided on the exit surface side of the exit light control plate to form a prism array.
[0011]
The cross-sectional shape of the convex pattern may be constituted by either a straight line or a curved line. In the case of a curved line, a parabola, an ellipse, or a combination of these curves is desirable. FIG. 4 shows an example of the cross-sectional shape of the convex portion on the incident surface side of the outgoing light control plate used in the present invention. The thing shown to Fig.4 (a) is comprised by the straight line. The structure shown in FIG. 4B is a curved surface, and the curved surface is elliptical. The curved surface is not limited to an ellipse, and may be a paraboloid or a curved surface formed by a combination of an ellipse and a paraboloid. In addition, by changing the shape of the convex portion provided on the incident surface side of the outgoing light control plate and the shape of the convex portion provided on the outgoing surface side, a luminance peak is obtained in an oblique direction with respect to the outgoing surface of the surface light source element. Can be directed.
[0012]
FIG. 5 shows a schematic perspective view of another specific example of the surface light source element of the present invention. In this surface light source element, a convex portion 10 is also provided on the exit surface side of the exit light control plate 6. As shown in FIG. 6, the outgoing light control plate 6 has a one-dimensional pattern of convex portions 9 on the incident side (light source side), and a one-dimensional pattern of convex portions 10 on the outgoing side. . The groove directions of these two convex portions are orthogonal to each other. The cross-sectional shape of the projection 10 on the exit side is, for example, a prism array having an apex angle of 90 °, so that the light collected by the projection 9 on the entrance side is further collected by the projection 10 provided on the exit side. Since the light can be emitted, higher luminance can be achieved.
[0013]
FIG. 7 shows a schematic perspective view of another specific example of the surface light source element of the present invention. In this surface light source element, minute projections 10 are randomly arranged on the exit surface side of the exit light control plate 6. The heights of the minute protrusions are randomly distributed in the range of 0.1 μm to 3 μm. In the case of this example, the light collected by the convex portion 9 on the incident surface side is scattered by the random convex portion 10 provided on the exit surface side, and the angular distribution of luminance is made smooth to improve the appearance. Can do. In addition, when the grating provided on the incident surface side has periodicity, the periodic pattern of the grating can be hidden by the scattering effect by the minute projections 10, so that the liquid crystal panel having periodicity with the surface light source element, etc. Moiré that occurs when combined with can be prevented.
[0014]
The said convex part of the emitted light control board used by this invention is produced by press-molding an acrylic board, for example. In addition, an ultraviolet curable resin is applied on a transparent film such as a TAC film, an acrylic film, a PET film, a PC film, and the ultraviolet curable resin is irradiated by irradiating ultraviolet rays (UV) by pressing a female mold against the film. It can also be produced by peeling the molded product from the female mold after curing. The outgoing light control plate can also be produced by injection molding using a transparent resin. The convex portion of the outgoing light control plate and the transparent substrate of the EL light source can be bonded using an ultraviolet (UV) curable adhesive.
[0015]
The material for forming the electroluminescent layer of an EL light source used as a light source in the present invention may be either organic or inorganic. Further, the present invention intends to extract light confined in the EL light source by total reflection occurring in the EL light source covered with the transparent substrate by a convex portion provided on the light incident surface side of the outgoing light control plate. Therefore, it can be used regardless of the configuration of the EL light source.
[0016]
Applications of the surface light source element of the present invention include liquid crystal backlights, advertising backlights, room lighting, signs, and the like.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a high-brightness electroluminescent surface light source element can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the principle of a surface light source element of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a ray tracing diagram of a conventional surface light source element using EL.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a pattern of convex portions on a light incident surface side of an outgoing light control plate.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cross-sectional shape of a convex portion of an outgoing light control plate.
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of an example of the surface light source element of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of an example of an outgoing light control plate.
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of another example of the surface light source element of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Electroluminescence (EL) light source 2 Transparent substrate 3 Transparent electrode 4 EL layer 5 Metal layer 6 Output light control plates 9, 10 Convex part

Claims (2)

エレクトロルミネッセンスを発光源とする光源と、該光源と対向する面に複数の凸部が設けられ、該凸部が該光源の出射面に密着するように該光源の出射面側に配置された出射光制御板とを備えており、光源側から該凸部の頂部に臨界角以上の角度で入射した光線を該凸部によって出射光制御板側に取出すことを特徴とする面光源素子。A light source that uses electroluminescence as a light source, and a plurality of convex portions are provided on a surface facing the light source, and an output disposed on the light emitting surface side of the light source so that the convex portions are in close contact with the light emitting surface of the light source. A surface light source element comprising: an emission control plate; and a light beam incident on the top of the convex portion from the light source side at an angle greater than a critical angle is extracted to the outgoing light control plate side by the convex portion. 出射光制御板の光源と対向する面とは反対側の面にも複数の凸部が設けられている請求項1記載の面光源素子。The surface light source element according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of convex portions are provided on a surface opposite to the surface facing the light source of the emitted light control plate.
JP32500898A 1998-11-16 1998-11-16 Surface light source element Expired - Fee Related JP4198246B2 (en)

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