JP4196289B2 - Pile construction method - Google Patents

Pile construction method Download PDF

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JP4196289B2
JP4196289B2 JP2004135788A JP2004135788A JP4196289B2 JP 4196289 B2 JP4196289 B2 JP 4196289B2 JP 2004135788 A JP2004135788 A JP 2004135788A JP 2004135788 A JP2004135788 A JP 2004135788A JP 4196289 B2 JP4196289 B2 JP 4196289B2
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pile
frame body
steel sheet
unit
obstacle
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JP2005315000A (en
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正信 黒田
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Shimizu Corp
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Description

本発明は、配管等の障害物の上方からその下方地盤に対して鋼矢板等の杭体を打ち込むための杭体の施工方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for constructing a pile body for driving a pile body such as a steel sheet pile from above an obstacle such as a pipe to the lower ground.

過去の基準で設計され施工された石油タンクの中には現行の耐震性能基準を満たさないものもあり、特に支持地盤の液状化に対する強度が充分ではないために大地震時には地盤液状化による被害が想定されるものもあることから、その対策が急務とされている。   Some oil tanks designed and constructed according to past standards do not meet the current seismic performance standards, especially because the strength of the supporting ground against liquefaction is not sufficient, which can cause damage due to ground liquefaction during large earthquakes. Because there are things that can be assumed, countermeasures are urgently needed.

既存の石油タンクの支持地盤に対する液状化防止対策としては様々な工法が提案されているが、比較的簡便かつ安価に実施できる工法として、図8に示すようにタンク1の周囲に閉鎖環状の地中壁体2を設けるという工法が有望視されている。このような工法によれば、タンク1直下の液状化層3が地中壁体2により周囲より隔絶されるとともに、地中壁体2のリング効果によって液状化層3の変形が拘束されて液状化に対する強度が高められ、それにより液状化を有効に防止できるとされている。   Various methods have been proposed as liquefaction prevention measures for the supporting ground of existing oil tanks. As a method that can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively, as shown in FIG. The construction method of providing the middle wall body 2 is considered promising. According to such a construction method, the liquefied layer 3 immediately below the tank 1 is isolated from the surroundings by the underground wall body 2, and the deformation of the liquefied layer 3 is restrained by the ring effect of the underground wall body 2 to be liquid. It is said that the strength against liquefaction can be increased, thereby effectively preventing liquefaction.

ところで、そのような閉鎖環状の地中壁体2は一般に鋼矢板を継手を介して周方向に連結しながら打ち込むことで設けるのであるが、その場合、地表部に敷設されてタンク1に接続されている既存の配管4の下方地盤に対しては通常の工法では鋼矢板をそのまま打ち込むことができないことから、従来においてはタンク1の供用を一時的に停止して配管4を解体撤去し、鋼矢板を打ち込んでから復旧するようにしていた。しかし、そのようなことでは非効率的であることから、最近ではたとえば特許文献1に示されるように配管4を解体撤去することなく鋼矢板を打ち込むための工法も提案されている。これは、配管4の両側に打ち込む2枚の鋼矢板どうしを配管4の下方において接合鋼板により連結し、それら連結した2枚の鋼矢板を2台の打設機械によって同時に地盤に圧入していくというものである。
特許第3252883号公報
By the way, such a closed annular underground wall body 2 is generally provided by driving steel sheet piles while connecting them in the circumferential direction via joints. In this case, the closed annular underground wall body 2 is laid on the ground surface and connected to the tank 1. Since the steel sheet pile cannot be driven directly into the lower ground of the existing pipe 4 by a normal construction method, conventionally, the service of the tank 1 is temporarily stopped and the pipe 4 is dismantled and removed. He was trying to recover after driving a sheet pile. However, since such a method is inefficient, recently, for example, as shown in Patent Document 1, a construction method for driving a steel sheet pile without dismantling and removing the pipe 4 has been proposed. This is because two steel sheet piles driven on both sides of the pipe 4 are connected to each other by a bonded steel plate below the pipe 4, and the two connected steel sheet piles are pressed into the ground simultaneously by two driving machines. That's it.
Japanese Patent No. 325283

しかし、特許文献1に示される工法では、鋼矢板に接合鋼板を連結する作業を必要とし、また2台の打設機械を必要とするばかりでなく、接合鋼板により連結した2枚の鋼矢板を同時に圧入することは必ずしも容易に行えるものでもないので、そのような作業をより効率的に行うことのできる有効な工法の開発が望まれていた。   However, in the construction method shown in Patent Document 1, not only the operation of connecting the bonded steel sheet to the steel sheet pile but also two driving machines are required, and two steel sheet piles connected by the bonded steel sheet are used. Since press-fitting at the same time is not always easy, development of an effective method capable of performing such work more efficiently has been desired.

上記事情に鑑み、本発明の杭体の施工方法は、短尺の単位杭体を障害物の下方で継ぎ足しながら、バイブロハンマー等の杭打ち機によって順次打ち込んでいくことを基本とするものであり、その単位杭体を打ち込むに際しては、障害物の外側において上下動可能なフレーム体を杭打ち機と単位杭体との間に介装し、そのフレーム体を介して単位杭体を打ち込むようにしたものである。   In view of the above circumstances, the pile body construction method of the present invention is basically driven by a pile driving machine such as a vibro hammer while adding a short unit pile body below the obstacle, When driving the unit pile body, a frame body that can move up and down outside the obstacle is interposed between the pile driver and the unit pile body, and the unit pile body is driven through the frame body. Is.

すなわち、本発明の杭体の施工方法では、上部に杭打ち機が連結可能とされ、下部に障害物が通過し得る大きさの開口部を有して障害物の外側に装着可能とされ、内部有効高さ寸法が単位杭体の打ち込みストローク以上に設定された高剛性のフレーム体を用い、そのフレーム体を杭打ち機に連結して障害物の外側に上下動可能に装着し、フレーム体の開口部に把持具を装着するとともにその把持具に単位杭体を把持せしめ、フレーム体の内側下部に障害物が位置している状態から、杭打ち機によってフレーム体を介して単位杭体を障害物の下方地盤に打ち込んでいき、障害物がフレーム体の内側上部に達する位置まで単位杭体を打ち込んだ時点で打ち込みを中断し、フレーム体を引き上げて新たな単位杭体を打ち込み後の単位杭体に継ぎ足すとともに把持具に把持せしめてさらに打ち込んでいくようにしたものである。   That is, in the construction method of the pile body of the present invention, the pile driving machine can be connected to the upper part, the lower part has an opening of a size through which an obstacle can pass, and can be attached to the outside of the obstacle. Using a highly rigid frame body whose internal effective height dimension is set to be greater than the driving stroke of the unit pile body, the frame body is connected to the pile driving machine and attached to the outside of the obstacle so that it can move up and down. Attach a gripping tool to the opening of the unit and hold the unit pile body on the gripping tool, and from the state where the obstacle is located in the lower part inside the frame body, The unit after driving into the ground below the obstacle, and when the unit pile body is driven to the position where the obstacle reaches the inside upper part of the frame body, the driving is interrupted, and the unit after the frame body is pulled up and a new unit pile body is driven in Add to pile Is obtained by further typing is going as it brought gripped both gripper.

本発明によれば、障害物に対して上下動可能なフレーム体を杭打ち機と杭体との間に介装し、そのフレーム体を介して単位杭体を障害物の下方において継ぎ足しながら打ち込むことにより、障害物の上方からその下方地盤に対して各種の杭体を在来の杭打ち機による通常の杭打ち操作と同様にして支障なく効率的に打ち込むことができる。   According to the present invention, a frame body that can move up and down with respect to an obstacle is interposed between the pile driving machine and the pile body, and the unit pile body is driven through the frame body while being added below the obstacle. Thus, various pile bodies can be driven efficiently from the upper side of the obstacle to the lower ground in the same manner as a normal pile driving operation by a conventional pile driving machine.

図1〜図7を参照して本発明の実施形態を説明する。本実施形態は、図8に示したように既存の石油タンクの支持地盤に対する液状化防止対策として、タンク1の周囲に鋼矢板からなる閉鎖環状の地中壁体2を設ける場合への適用例であって、鋼矢板の打ち込み作業の障害物となる既存の配管4の上方からその下方地盤に対して鋼矢板を打ち込むようにしたものである。   An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 8, the present embodiment is applied to a case where a closed annular underground wall 2 made of a steel sheet pile is provided around the tank 1 as a liquefaction prevention measure for the supporting ground of an existing oil tank. In this case, the steel sheet pile is driven into the lower ground from above the existing pipe 4 that becomes an obstacle for the steel sheet pile driving operation.

本実施形態では、通常の鋼矢板を所定長さに切断した短尺の単位鋼矢板5を配管4の下方で継ぎ足しながら、バイブロハンマー等の杭打ち機6によって順次打ち込んでいくことを基本とするものであり、その単位鋼矢板5を打ち込むに際しては、杭打ち機6と単位鋼矢板5との間にフレーム体7を介装し、そのフレーム体7を介して単位鋼矢板5を打ち込むことを主眼とするものである。   In the present embodiment, the basic unit is that a short unit steel sheet pile 5 obtained by cutting a normal steel sheet pile into a predetermined length is sequentially driven by a pile driving machine 6 such as a vibro hammer while being added below the pipe 4. When the unit steel sheet pile 5 is driven in, the frame body 7 is interposed between the pile driving machine 6 and the unit steel sheet pile 5 and the unit steel sheet pile 5 is driven through the frame body 7. It is what.

本実施形態で用いるフレーム体7は、図2に示すように、下部が開放された下向きの矩形三方枠状の形態の高剛性のもので、その上部がバイブロハンマー等の杭打ち機6に対して連結可能とされ、下部には開口幅寸法wが配管4の外径寸法よりも大きく設定されてその配管4が通過し得る開口部8が形成され、内部有効高さ寸法hが単位鋼矢板5の打ち込みストローク以上(より厳密には、打ち込みストローク+配管4の外径寸法+余裕分)に設定されたものである。また、このフレーム体7の下部の開口部8には、単位鋼矢板5の上部を把持する把持具9が装着可能とされている。   As shown in FIG. 2, the frame body 7 used in the present embodiment is a highly rigid thing in the form of a downward-facing rectangular three-way frame with the lower part opened, and the upper part is against the pile driving machine 6 such as a vibro hammer. And an opening 8 through which the pipe 4 can pass is formed in the lower part, and the internal effective height dimension h is the unit steel sheet pile. 5 or more (more strictly speaking, the driving stroke + the outer diameter of the pipe 4 + the margin). A holding tool 9 that holds the upper part of the unit steel sheet pile 5 can be attached to the opening 8 at the lower part of the frame body 7.

本実施形態の施工方法の施工手順を具体的に説明すると、まず図1に示すように配管4の直下に単位鋼矢板5をセットするための作業用ピット10を掘削する。その際、必要であればたとえばウエルポイント工法等により地下水位を低下させれば良い。そして、作業用ピット10の上方を跨ぐように仮設ビーム11を設置し、最初に打ち込むべき単位鋼矢板5の上部を把持具9に把持せしめ、その把持具9をクレーン等により仮設ビーム11に支持せしめて配管4の直下までスライドさせていく。   The construction procedure of the construction method of the present embodiment will be specifically described. First, as shown in FIG. 1, a work pit 10 for setting the unit steel sheet pile 5 directly under the pipe 4 is excavated. At that time, if necessary, the groundwater level may be lowered by, for example, a well point method. Then, the temporary beam 11 is installed so as to straddle the work pit 10, the upper part of the unit steel sheet pile 5 to be driven first is held by the holding tool 9, and the holding tool 9 is supported on the temporary beam 11 by a crane or the like. Slide it to just below the pipe 4 at least.

図2に示すように、配管4の直下に配置した把持具9の直上位置から、杭打ち機6に連結したフレーム体7を降下させていき、その下部の開口部8内に配管4を通過させ、開口部8に把持具9を装着する。これにより図3に示すようにフレーム体7は配管4の外側に上下動可能な状態で装着され、単位鋼矢板5は自ずと打ち込み位置に臨むことになるので、その時点で仮設ビーム11を退避させる。   As shown in FIG. 2, the frame body 7 connected to the pile driving machine 6 is lowered from a position directly above the gripping tool 9 arranged immediately below the pipe 4, and passes through the pipe 4 into the opening 8 at the lower part thereof. The gripping tool 9 is attached to the opening 8. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, the frame body 7 is mounted on the outside of the pipe 4 so as to be movable up and down, and the unit steel sheet pile 5 naturally faces the driving position, so that the temporary beam 11 is retracted at that time. .

図3に示しているように、フレーム体7の内側下部に配管4が位置している状態(上限位置)から打ち込みを開始し、図4に示すように配管4がフレーム体7の内側上部に達する位置(下限位置)まで打ち込んだら、それ以上の打ち込みは配管4とフレーム体7とが干渉して不能であるので、その時点で打ち込みを中断する。   As shown in FIG. 3, driving is started from a state where the pipe 4 is located at the lower inner side of the frame body 7 (upper limit position), and the pipe 4 is placed on the inner upper side of the frame body 7 as shown in FIG. 4. Once the driving position is reached (lower limit position), further driving is impossible because the pipe 4 and the frame body 7 interfere with each other, and the driving is interrupted at that time.

そこで、把持具9による単位鋼矢板5の把持を解除し、フレーム体7を把持具9とともに上昇させて上限位置まで復帰させ、図5に示すように新たな単位鋼矢板5を打ち込み済みの単位鋼矢板5に継ぎ足すとともにそれを把持具9を把持せしめた後、打ち込みを再開する。   Therefore, the gripping of the unit steel sheet pile 5 by the gripping tool 9 is released, the frame body 7 is lifted together with the gripping tool 9 and returned to the upper limit position, and a new unit steel sheet pile 5 is driven as shown in FIG. After the steel sheet pile 5 is added and the gripping tool 9 is gripped, the driving is resumed.

以上の手順を繰り返して、所定数の単位杭鋼矢板5を継ぎ足しつつ所定深度に達するまで打ち込んだ後は、図6に示すようにその鋼矢板の両側に通常の鋼矢板12を通常の工法により継手により連結しながら打ち込んでいき、図8に示したような全体として閉鎖環状の地中壁体2を施工し、最終的に作業用ピット10を埋め戻せば作業完了となる。   After the above procedure is repeated and a predetermined number of unit pile steel sheet piles 5 are added to reach a predetermined depth, normal steel sheet piles 12 are attached to both sides of the steel sheet pile as shown in FIG. The work is completed by driving in while being connected by a joint, constructing a closed annular underground wall 2 as shown in FIG. 8 and finally filling back the work pit 10.

上記工法によれば、フレーム体7を上限位置に引き上げた状態で単位鋼矢板5を継ぎ足しては、フレーム体7が下限位置に達するまで打ち込むという打ち込み操作を繰り返すことにより、配管4の直下に鋼矢板を支障なく打ち込むことができる。また、単なる高剛性のフレーム体7を用いることのみで杭打ち機6自体は在来のものをそのまま採用可能であるし、フレーム体7以外には複雑な機構や面倒な操作を必要とせず、その作業を極めて効率的に実施することができる。   According to the above construction method, the unit steel sheet pile 5 is added in a state where the frame body 7 is pulled up to the upper limit position, and the driving operation is repeated until the frame body 7 reaches the lower limit position. The sheet pile can be driven without hindrance. In addition, the pile driving machine 6 itself can be used as it is by simply using the highly rigid frame body 7, and there is no need for complicated mechanisms and troublesome operations other than the frame body 7, The operation can be performed very efficiently.

なお、上記実施形態の応用例として、図7に示すように配管4の外径寸法が単位鋼矢板5の幅寸法に対して同等程度以上であるような場合、あるいは複数の配管4が並設されているような場合には、配管4の直下のみならず、それに隣接する位置にもフレーム体7を用いて単位鋼矢板5を同様に打ち込むようにすれば良く、その場合にはフレーム体7の内部有効幅寸法を大きくして配管4に対してフレーム体7を横方向にずらすことが可能としておけば良い(図7に示すものは、配管4の直下とその両側の鋼矢板を打ち込むように鋼矢板3枚分に相当する内部有効幅寸法を有するものとしている)。勿論、フレーム体7の下部に設ける開口部8の開口幅寸法wは、配管4が通過し得るように配管径に応じて大きくしておく必要がある。   As an application example of the above embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, when the outer diameter dimension of the pipe 4 is equal to or greater than the width dimension of the unit steel sheet pile 5, or a plurality of pipes 4 are arranged in parallel. In such a case, the unit steel sheet pile 5 may be driven in the same manner by using the frame body 7 not only directly below the pipe 4 but also at a position adjacent thereto. In that case, the frame body 7 It is only necessary to increase the internal effective width dimension of the frame so that the frame body 7 can be displaced laterally with respect to the pipe 4 (in FIG. 7, the steel sheet piles directly below the pipe 4 and on both sides thereof are driven. The inner effective width dimension is equivalent to three steel sheet piles). Of course, the opening width dimension w of the opening 8 provided in the lower part of the frame body 7 needs to be increased according to the pipe diameter so that the pipe 4 can pass through.

以上で本発明の実施形態を説明したが、本発明は既存の石油タンクの支持地盤の液状化防止対策としての地中壁体の施工に際して鋼矢板を配管の直下に打ち込む場合に適用するのみならず、障害物の外側に上記のようなフレーム体を上下動可能に装着してそのフレーム体を介して打ち込みを行い得る場合には、鋼矢板のみならず各種の杭体を様々な障害物の直下に打ち込む場合全般に広く適用できるものである。また、本発明において用いる杭打ち機としても、バイブロハンマーに限らず、打ち込むべき杭体や地盤状況、周囲環境等の諸条件を考慮して適当なものを用いれば良い。また、上記実施形態における作業用ピット10や仮設ビーム11も不要な場合には省略して差し支えない。   Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is only applied to a case where a steel sheet pile is driven directly under a pipe when constructing an underground wall body as a countermeasure for preventing liquefaction of a supporting ground of an existing oil tank. First, when the frame body as described above is mounted on the outside of the obstacle so as to be movable up and down and driven through the frame body, not only the steel sheet pile but also various pile bodies can be used for various obstacles. It can be widely applied in general when driving directly below. Further, the pile driving machine used in the present invention is not limited to the vibro hammer, and an appropriate one may be used in consideration of various conditions such as the pile body to be driven, the ground condition, and the surrounding environment. Further, the work pit 10 and the temporary beam 11 in the above embodiment may be omitted if they are not necessary.

そして、いずれにしても、フレーム体の形状や寸法、所要強度は、障害物の形状や大きさ、その位置、杭打ち機の形式や杭打ち方式等の諸条件を考慮しつつ、上記実施形態と同様の手順により杭体を打ち込むことができるように最適に設定すれば良い。勿論、上述したようにフレーム体の内部有効高さ寸法hは単位杭体の打ち込みストロークに応じて設定すれば良いのであるが、逆に、フレーム体の内部有効高さ寸法hが何らかの制約により自ずと決定される場合には、それに応じて単位杭体の長さやその打ち込みストロークを設定すれば良いことは言うまでもない。   In any case, the shape and size of the frame body, the required strength, the shape and size of the obstacle, its position, the type of pile driver, the pile driving method, etc. What is necessary is just to set optimally so that a pile body can be driven in the procedure similar to. Of course, as described above, the internal effective height dimension h of the frame body may be set according to the driving stroke of the unit pile body, but conversely, the internal effective height dimension h of the frame body is naturally due to some restrictions. Needless to say, if determined, the length of the unit pile body and the driving stroke thereof may be set accordingly.

本発明の一実施形態を示すもので、配管の直下に打ち込むべき短尺の単位鋼矢板をセットする状況を示す図である。FIG. 1 is a view showing a state in which a short unit steel sheet pile to be driven directly under piping is set according to an embodiment of the present invention. 同、単位鋼矢板を把持具を介してフレーム体を装着する状況を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the condition which mounts | wears a frame body with a unit steel sheet pile via a holding tool. 同、フレーム体を介して鋼矢板を打ち込む状況を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the condition which drives a steel sheet pile through a frame body same as the above. 同、打ち込み後の状態を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the state after driving in the same. 同、鋼矢板を継ぎ足してさらに打ち込む状況を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the condition which adds a steel sheet pile and drives further. 同、施工完了後の状態を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the state after construction completion same as the above. 同、応用例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an application example same as the above. 既存タンクの支持地盤に対する地中壁体による液状化防止対策の例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the example of the liquefaction prevention measure by the underground wall with respect to the support ground of the existing tank.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 タンク
2 地中壁体
3 液状化層
4 配管(障害物)
5 単位鋼矢板(単位杭体)
6 杭打ち機(バイブロハンマー)
7 フレーム体
8 開口部
9 把持具
10 作業用ピット
11 仮設ビーム
12 鋼矢板
1 Tank 2 Underground Wall 3 Liquefaction Layer 4 Piping (obstacle)
5 Unit steel sheet pile (unit pile)
6 Pile driver (Vibro hammer)
7 Frame body 8 Opening 9 Grasping tool 10 Work pit 11 Temporary beam 12 Steel sheet pile

Claims (1)

地表部に敷設されている配管等の障害物の上方からその障害物の下方地盤に対して鋼矢板等の杭体を打ち込むに際し、短尺の単位杭体を障害物の下方で継ぎ足しながら杭打ち機によって順次打ち込んでいくようにした杭体の施工方法であって、
上部に杭打ち機が連結可能とされ、下部に障害物が通過し得る大きさの開口部を有して障害物の外側に装着可能とされ、内部有効高さ寸法が単位杭体の打ち込みストローク以上に設定された高剛性のフレーム体を用い、
そのフレーム体を杭打ち機に連結して障害物の外側に上下動可能に装着し、フレーム体の開口部に把持具を装着するとともにその把持具に単位杭体を把持せしめ、フレーム体の内側下部に障害物が位置している状態から、杭打ち機によってフレーム体を介して単位杭体を障害物の下方地盤に打ち込んでいき、障害物がフレーム体の内側上部に達する位置まで単位杭体を打ち込んだ時点で打ち込みを中断し、フレーム体を引き上げて新たな単位杭体を打ち込み後の単位杭体に継ぎ足すとともに把持具に把持せしめてさらに打ち込んでいくことを特徴とする杭体の施工方法。
When driving piles such as steel sheet piles from above the obstacles such as pipes laid on the ground surface to the lower ground of the obstacles, the pile driving machine while adding short unit pile bodies below the obstacles It is a construction method of a pile body that is driven in sequentially by
The pile driving machine can be connected to the upper part, and the lower part has an opening that allows obstacles to pass through, so that it can be attached to the outside of the obstacle, and the internal effective height dimension is the driving stroke of the unit pile body Using the highly rigid frame body set above,
The frame body is connected to a pile driving machine and attached to the outside of the obstacle so that it can move up and down. A gripping tool is attached to the opening of the frame body and the unit pile body is gripped by the gripping tool. From the state where the obstacle is located in the lower part, the unit pile body is driven into the lower ground of the obstacle through the frame body by the pile driving machine until the obstacle reaches the inner upper part of the frame body. The construction of the pile body is characterized by interrupting the hammering when it is driven, and pulling up the frame body and adding a new unit pile body to the unit pile body after being driven, and holding it in the gripping tool and driving further Method.
JP2004135788A 2004-04-30 2004-04-30 Pile construction method Expired - Fee Related JP4196289B2 (en)

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