JP4193201B2 - Organ excision area extraction and display device - Google Patents

Organ excision area extraction and display device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4193201B2
JP4193201B2 JP2002150913A JP2002150913A JP4193201B2 JP 4193201 B2 JP4193201 B2 JP 4193201B2 JP 2002150913 A JP2002150913 A JP 2002150913A JP 2002150913 A JP2002150913 A JP 2002150913A JP 4193201 B2 JP4193201 B2 JP 4193201B2
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organ
lesion
ablation
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JP2003339644A (en
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朋洋 永尾
行矣 三浦
宣夫 中尾
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Hitachi Healthcare Manufacturing Ltd
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Hitachi Medical Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は臓器の切除領域抽出表示装置に係り、特に臓器中の腫瘍などの病変部を良好に切除するための切除領域を表示する技術に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、X線撮像装置、X線CT装置、MRI装置などの医用画像診断装置で得られる画像を診断のみならず、治療に用いることが盛んに行われるようになっている。
【0003】
治療には被検体にカテーテルを挿入して患部を治療するカテーテル術と、従来通り切開手術により患部を切除する外科手術とがある。外科手術では、手術前に医用画像診断装置により患部の画像を得て、その切除する部分を決めておくことが通常行われる。切除する部分を決めるための表示画像は、二次元画像もしくは二次元画像を積み上げて構成した三次元画像が用いられている。これは、人体の形態により近いため、直感的に切除部分が決められるからである。
【0004】
一方、従来の二次元画像上での臓器の抽出、切除部分の決定は、医師が解剖学的知識に基づいて手作業で行っている。
【0005】
近年は特定臓器の自動抽出に関する研究が盛んになっているが、特定臓器内の領域区分や特定については、医師が解剖学的知識に基づいて判断、認識している。
【0006】
単一の臓器内の特定領域を抽出する方法はあるが、実際の臨床現場においては、表示画像上で臓器を幾何学的な平面や曲面で切除することは行われておらず、そのようなシミュレーション結果は、臨床現場ではあまり役立つものとは言えないものである。
【0007】
そこで、特開2001−283191号公報にあるような、単一臓器内の血管の走行情報に基づいて、血管によって部分的に支配されている臓器の特定領域を抽出する方法が提案されている。解剖学的情報に基づいているため、医師の判断する特定領域と酷似した結果が得られ、臓器切除術前計画としてのシミュレーション精度は飛躍的に向上する。例えば、肝臓ガンの摘出手術においては、上記シミュレーション方法と一致した術式を採用できる場合が多い。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、実際の臨床では、解剖学的知識に一致した上記手法で囲まれる領域内にのみ癌などの腫瘍が存在するわけではなく、その境界部に存在する場合もある。区域境界を跨いで存在する腫瘍に対して上記手法で切除、摘出を試みる場合、切除領域が拡大し、手術としては患者の負担が大きくなる。その結果、前記シミュレーションと同様の手法を採用できない場合がある。
【0009】
また、上記手法で囲まれる領域内に腫瘍が存在したとしても、適切なサージカルマージンが確保できず、実際の手術に適用できない場合も存在する。
【0010】
更に、もともと患者の肝臓の機能が肝硬変などの理由で低下しており、通常ならば適用可能な前記シミュレーションと同様な手法は、術後の肝臓の機能の確保が困難になり、実際の手術に適用できない場合も存在する。
【0011】
この場合、血管による部分的に支配されている領域を医師が手術中に逐次判断を行いながら切除を進める部分切除術、もしくは前記シミュレーションと同様の方法と部分切除術の併用方法が採用されることが多い。
【0012】
部分切除術は、術中に医師がエコーを用いて腫瘍の位置、大きさ、血管の位置などを調べながら非系統的に切除領域を特定するものである。手術の目安になるマーカーとして、例えば肝臓の部分切除術では肝臓表面に腫瘍の径、切除(離断)開始位置、ガイドとなる血管の位置をマーキングする。これらの情報に基づいて手術の途中途中でエコーを併用しながら切除術を進めていく。
【0013】
従って、現在のシミュレーション方法では、上記のような位置に存在する腫瘍や、肝機能の低い患者に対する切除シミュレーションを高精度に行うことができない。
【0014】
本発明はこのような事情に鑑みてなされたもので、肝臓のように血管が複雑に入り組んだ臓器の特性を利用して、切除手術時のシミュレーションに適した臓器の切除領域を抽出することができ、かつ、その切除領域を識別可能に表示することができる臓器の切除領域抽出表示装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0015】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記目的を達成するために請求項1に係る臓器の切除領域抽出表示装置は、被検体の画像を用いて臓器中の病変部を抽出し、少なくとも前記病変部を含む病変領域を設定する設定手段と、前記被検体の画像を用いて前記病変領域の外側の複数の脈管の走行情報を検知する手段と、前記病変領域及び前記複数の脈管の走行情報に基づいて前記病変領域を含み、前記複数の脈管を含まない前記臓器の表面までの切除領域を決定する手段であって、前記病変領域の中心又は重心から外側に向かって前記複数の脈管のいずれかに接するまで球状に領域を拡張し、該拡張した球状の領域に接する領域を切除領域として決定する手段と、少なくとも前記臓器の切除領域を識別可能に表示する表示手段と、を備えたことを特徴としている。
【0016】
本発明では、被検体の画像を用いて臓器中の腫瘍などの病変部を抽出し、少なくとも前記病変部を含む病変領域を設定する。この病変部の抽出は、臓器を示す画像中の画素値の大きさによって行うことができ、また、病変部を含む病変領域は、病変部に対してサージカルマージンなどを加味して設定することができる。
【0017】
続いて、前記被検体の画像を用いて前記病変領域の外側の複数の脈管の走行情報を検知する。検知される複数の脈管としては、病変領域の外側の脈管のうちで病変領域に近く、かつ予め指定された径以上の脈管であり、脈管の走行情報としては、例えば病変領域近傍における脈管の方向ベクトルである。
【0018】
次に、前記病変領域及び前記複数の脈管の走行情報に基づいて前記病変領域を含み、前記複数の管脈を含まない臓器表面までの切除領域を決定する。この切除領域の決定方法としては、例えば、前記病変領域を球形状とし、この球に接する前記脈管の方向ベクトルを含む略円錐を求め、この略円錐を切除領域(円錐切除する領域)とする。尚、略円錐の頂点と病変領域とによって囲まれる領域は、切除領域に含まれないようにする。
【0019】
他の切除領域の決定方法としては、例えば、前記病変領域を球形状とし、前記病変領域に対して最短距離にある臓器の表面位置又は外科手術のしやすさを考慮して適宜指定した臓器の表面位置と、前記病変領域の中心とを結ぶ線分を中心とする略円錐であって、前記病変領域を含むとともに所定の頂角(例えば、60度)をもつ略円錐を切除領域とする。尚、前記所定の頂角は、適宜設定可能であるが、少なくとも略円錐の切除領域に前記脈管が含まれないように、その頂角の大きさは制限される。
【0020】
上記のようにして臓器の切除領域が決定されると、少なくとも切除領域を識別可能に表示手段に表示する。この表示方法としては、切除領域と非切除領域との境界を表示することで切除領域と非切除領域とを識別可能に表示したり、切除領域のみを表示する。
【0021】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下添付図面に従って本発明に係る臓器の切除領域抽出表示装置の好ましい実施の形態について詳説する。
【0022】
図1(a)に示すようにX線CT装置やMRI装置等の三次元計測の可能な画像診断装置で取得した複数の断層像11を積み上げて、図1(b)に示すような積み上げ三次元画像12とし、処理対象を三次元化する。積み上げ三次元画像12は、肝臓の組織と門脈、静脈、腫瘍などを含み、ここには図示しない二次元の投影面に陰影付けして投影処理された擬似三次元画像として、例えばモニタに表示される。
【0023】
図2は本発明に係る臓器の切除領域抽出表示の手順を示すフローチャートである。
【0024】
本発明の領域特定処理20は、関心領域抽出処理21、距離値変換処理22、細線化処理23又は表面画素検出処理24、パラメータ自動計算設定処理25又はパラメータ手動計算設定処理26、切除領域特定処理27及び切除領域切除処理28からなる。
【0025】
画像診断装置から読み込まれた積み上げ三次元画像データに対して関心領域抽出処理21が行われ、関心領域(対象臓器:例えば肝臓実質、腫瘍、門脈)が抽出される。この抽出された門脈に対して距離値変換処理22が行われ、門脈の径などが測定され、更に門脈の芯線を求める細線化処理23又は表面画素検出処理24が行われる。
【0026】
次に、パラメータ自動計算設定処理25の概念を図3に示す。
【0027】
抽出した腫瘍31の中心もしくは重心32、及び腫瘍31の半径もしくは最大径33を求める。腫瘍31の外側に向かって球状の領域拡張(サージカルマージン領域)34を行い、例えば、門脈35などの脈管に接する時に拡張を止める。拡張を止めるための脈管かどうかの判定には、距離値変換処理22から得られる脈管の径の情報を利用する。指定された径(例えば、1mm以下)よりも細い脈管に接した場合は、引き続き領域拡張を行う。
【0028】
腫瘍31の中心から拡張した球状の領域34の径36から腫瘍の径33を引いたものを、手術の際の安全領域幅(サージカルマージン)37として定義する。
【0029】
次に、腫瘍付近に存在する脈管より切除領域を特定する切除領域特定処理27の概念を図4に示す。
【0030】
図4(a)に示すように腫瘍31に最も近い細線化処理23のなされた脈管35における芯線構成画素41、42を検出し、その前後の芯線構成画素を抽出して、図4(b)に示すようにそれぞれの方向ベクトル43、44を算出する。これらの方向ベクトル43、44の成す角度を持ち、サージカルマージン領域34に接する円錐領域を定義する。円錐の頂点45とサージカルマージン領域34で囲まれた領域46は切除領域に含まれないものとする。
【0031】
従って、切除領域は、サージカルマージン領域34と円錐の残りの領域47を合わせた領域となる。実際の切除領域は、図5に示すように肝臓実質の表面51が円錐の底面となるように決定される。
【0032】
肝臓表面に存在する円錐領域の底面の縁(即ち、離断開始位置)61を、肝臓表面に表示すると、図6に示すようになる。離断開始位置61は、線(実線、点線など)、もしくは色を付けた面として表示する。また、腫瘍を肝臓表面51に投影した腫瘍投影像62と合わせて表示することで、実際の手術の際に行うマーキングと同じ効果が得られる。
【0033】
図3及び図4を元にサージカルマージン領域34の判定式の一例を示す。
【0034】
脈管の径の情報は、予め距離値変換処理22により求められている。処理をせず、温存する脈管の最小径をNと仮定する。脈管35の構成画素をVとし、その脈管の芯線構成画素をC、その芯線部位における脈管の径をC(n)(n:芯線に付けられた番号) とする。
【0035】
腫瘍31の中心もしくは重心32をTとし、腫瘍周辺の肝臓実質画素もしくは脈管画素L(i)(i:腫瘍中心から放射状に検索した場合の世代番号) を球状に順次検索していく。その際の三次元的な距離をTL(i) とすると、腫瘍31を含んだ切除領域(球)の径R(図3上の径36)、及び判定条件は、次式
【0036】
【数1】
R=TL(i-1) (L(i) =V & C(n) ≧N)
となる。実際には、パラメータi-1 のように脈管の際ぎりぎりにサージカルマージン領域が設定されることはなく、解剖学的知識を有するオペレータによる手動、もしくは腫瘍の位置、径、及び腫瘍中心又は腫瘍辺縁から脈管までの距離による統計から計算式等を利用して自動的にパラメータi-1 を変更することになる。更に、サージカルマージン37(図3参照)は、一般の手術では10mm程度とるようにしているため、適当なサージカルマージン37が得られた段階で、球状の領域拡張34を停止するようにしてもよい。
【0037】
切除領域切除処理28は、例えば腫瘍中心32を開始点とし、サージカルマージン領域34と円錐領域47、肝臓実質表面51で囲まれる切除領域を抽出し、この切除領域の画素値を非切除領域の画素値と異なる値に置き換えることで、識別表示できるようにする。また、切除領域の画素を非表示にした三次元画像を表示することで、切除と同じ効果を得ることができる。
【0038】
次に、パラメータを手動で与えた場合の切除領域の設定方法を図7に示す。
【0039】
腫瘍31の重心32と肝臓表面51に投影した際の腫瘍中心71とを結ぶ線分を中心とする円錐で、この円錐の頂点45の頂角θが所定の角度(例えば、60度)となり、かつサージカルマージン領域34に接し、肝臓表面に定義される面を底面とする円錐の領域47を切除領域とする。尚、円錐の頂点45とサージカルマージン領域34で囲まれた領域は切除領域に含まれないものとする。
【0040】
所定の頂角θは、適宜設定可能であるが、少なくとも円錐の切除領域に脈管35が含まれないように、その頂角の大きさは制限される。また、肝臓表面51に投影した際の腫瘍中心71の位置は、腫瘍31から肝臓表面51に最も近い位置としたり、脈管の走行方向や手術のしやすい位置などを考慮して適宜設定可能である。
【0041】
上記のようにして決定した切除領域より、腫瘍中心71、腫瘍投影像62を表示したり、離断開始距離72を与えることができる。三次元画像として表示すると、図6に類似した画像を作成することができる。
【0042】
図8は本発明に係る臓器の切除領域抽出表示装置のハードウェア構成を示す概略図である。
【0043】
この臓器の切除領域抽出表示装置は、中央処理装置(CPU)82、主メモリ80、磁気ディスク81、表示メモリ83、ディスプレイ84、コントローラ85、マウス86、キーボード87、及び共通バス88から構成されている。
【0044】
磁気ディスク81には、X線CT装置から取得した被検体の各断層像が格納されており、主メモリ80の投影表示ソフトウェア(図2)に従って、CPU82が所定の処理を行う。この処理では、コントローラ85に付加されているマウス86やキーボード87を使用した入出力処理や処理操作が行われる。積み上げ三次元画像や処理結果は表示メモリ83を介してディスプレイ84に表示され、オペレータの操作を利用して図2の処理がなされ、各種条件に合った画像が表示される。また、処理結果及び表示内容は磁気ディクス81に格納され、再表示に利用される。
【0045】
尚、積み上げ三次元画像は、X線CT装置から得られるものに限らず、磁気共鳴イメージング装置や超音波診断装置などの他の画像診断装置により取得したものでもよい。また、対象臓器としては、この実施の形態で説明した肝臓の他に、人体の多くの部位について適用可能である。
【0046】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明によれば、肝臓のように血管が複雑に入り組んだ臓器の特性を利用し、予め設定した径以上の脈管を切断しないように臓器の切除領域を抽出することができ、その切除領域を識別可能に表示することができる。例えば、肝臓切除シミュレーション等を行う際に、より多くの症例に対応することが可能となり、より臨床に近い形での手術計画、切除シミュレーション、切除率の計算や三次元的な可視化が可能となる。また、三次元的に特定された切除領域が適正であるかどうかを、二次元画像上で確認することも可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】断層像とデータとの関係を示す図
【図2】本発明に係る臓器の切除領域抽出表示の手順の概要を説明するために用いたフローチャート
【図3】腫瘍と脈管の位置関係、腫瘍、サージカルマージンの定義を説明するために用いた図
【図4】腫瘍を切除するための切除領域を決定する手順を説明するために用いた図
【図5】シミュレーションによる切除領域表示例を説明するために用いた図
【図6】シミュレーションによる切除領域表示例を説明するために用いた図
【図7】切除領域を決定するパラメータを手動で与えた場合の領域決定方法を説明するために用いた図
【図8】本発明に係る臓器の切除領域抽出表示装置のハードウェア構成例を示す図
【符号の説明】
11…断層像、12…積み上げ三次元画像、31…腫瘍、32…腫瘍の中心もしくは重心、33…腫瘍半径、34…サージカルマージン領域、35…脈管(門脈、静脈、動脈など)、36…サージカルマージンを含めた腫瘍回りの切除半径、37…サージカルマージン、41、42…脈管の芯線構成画素、43、44…脈管の枝の方向を示すベクトル、45…円錐の頂点、46…非切除領域、47…切除領域、51…肝臓表面、61…離断開始位置、62…腫瘍投影像、71…肝臓表面に投影した腫瘍中心(もしくは腫瘍重心)、72…離断開始距離、80…主メモリ、82…中央処理装置(CPU)、81…磁気ディスク、83…表示メモリ、84…ディスプレイ、85…コントローラ、86…マウス、87…キーボード、88…共通バス
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an organ excision region extraction / display apparatus, and more particularly to a technique for displaying an excision region for favorably excising a lesion such as a tumor in an organ.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, an image obtained by a medical image diagnostic apparatus such as an X-ray imaging apparatus, an X-ray CT apparatus, or an MRI apparatus has been actively used not only for diagnosis but also for treatment.
[0003]
Treatment includes catheterization for treating a diseased part by inserting a catheter into a subject, and surgical operation for excision of the diseased part by conventional incision. In a surgical operation, it is common to obtain an image of an affected area with a medical image diagnostic apparatus and determine a part to be excised before the operation. As a display image for determining a part to be cut, a two-dimensional image or a three-dimensional image formed by stacking two-dimensional images is used. This is because the resected portion is determined intuitively because it is closer to the shape of the human body.
[0004]
On the other hand, a conventional method for extracting an organ on a two-dimensional image and determining an excision part is manually performed based on anatomical knowledge.
[0005]
In recent years, research on automatic extraction of specific organs has become active. However, doctors determine and recognize area classification and identification within specific organs based on anatomical knowledge.
[0006]
Although there is a method for extracting a specific region in a single organ, in an actual clinical site, the organ is not cut off on a display image with a geometric plane or curved surface. Simulation results are not very useful in clinical settings.
[0007]
Therefore, a method for extracting a specific region of an organ partially controlled by a blood vessel based on blood vessel running information in a single organ as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-283191 has been proposed. Since it is based on anatomical information, a result very similar to a specific region judged by a doctor is obtained, and the simulation accuracy as a pre-organectomy plan is dramatically improved. For example, in an operation for removing liver cancer, an operation method consistent with the above simulation method can often be employed.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in actual clinical practice, a tumor such as cancer does not exist only in a region surrounded by the above-described method that matches the anatomical knowledge, but may exist at the boundary portion. When excision and excision are attempted with the above-described method for a tumor that is present across the border of an area, the excision area is enlarged, and the burden on the patient is increased as an operation. As a result, the same method as the simulation may not be adopted.
[0009]
In addition, even if a tumor exists in the region surrounded by the above technique, there is a case where an appropriate surgical margin cannot be secured and cannot be applied to an actual operation.
[0010]
Furthermore, the liver function of the patient is originally lowered due to cirrhosis and the like, and the method similar to the simulation that is usually applicable makes it difficult to secure the liver function after the operation, and it is difficult to perform the actual operation. There are cases where it is not applicable.
[0011]
In this case, a partial resection in which the doctor performs a resection while sequentially judging the region that is partially controlled by the blood vessel during the operation, or a combination of the method similar to the simulation and the partial resection is adopted. There are many.
[0012]
In partial resection, doctors identify the ablation area non-systematically while examining the position, size, blood vessel position, etc. of the tumor using an echo during the operation. For example, in the case of partial resection of the liver, the diameter of the tumor, the start position of resection (separation), and the position of a blood vessel that serves as a guide are marked as markers that serve as a guide for surgery. Based on this information, resection is performed while using echo together during the operation.
[0013]
Therefore, with the current simulation method, it is not possible to perform excision simulation with high accuracy for a tumor present at the above position or a patient with low liver function.
[0014]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and it is possible to extract an excision region of an organ suitable for simulation at the time of excision using the characteristics of an organ with complex blood vessels such as the liver. Another object of the present invention is to provide an organ excision area extraction / display device that can display the excision area in an identifiable manner.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the organ excision area extraction / display apparatus according to claim 1 extracts a lesion area in an organ using an image of a subject and sets a lesion area including at least the lesion area. And means for detecting running information of a plurality of vessels outside the lesion area using the image of the subject, and including the lesion area based on the lesion information and the running information of the plurality of vessels, and means for determining the ablation region to the surface of the organ does not include the plurality of vessels, areas spherically from the center or centroid of the lesion area to contact with one of the outwardly plurality of vessels And a means for determining an area in contact with the expanded spherical area as an ablation area and a display means for displaying at least the ablation area of the organ in an identifiable manner.
[0016]
In the present invention, a lesion such as a tumor in an organ is extracted using an image of a subject, and a lesion area including at least the lesion is set. The extraction of the lesioned part can be performed based on the size of the pixel value in the image showing the organ, and the lesioned area including the lesioned part can be set in consideration of the surgical margin or the like. it can.
[0017]
Subsequently, traveling information of a plurality of vessels outside the lesion area is detected using the image of the subject. The plurality of detected vessels are vessels that are close to the lesion area among the vessels outside the lesion area and have a diameter that is not less than a predetermined diameter. Is the direction vector of the vessel at.
[0018]
Next, an ablation region that includes the lesion region and does not include the plurality of vessels is determined based on the lesion region and the travel information of the plurality of vessels. As a method for determining the ablation area, for example, the lesion area is formed in a spherical shape, a substantially cone including the direction vector of the vessel in contact with the sphere is obtained, and the abbreviated cone is defined as an ablation area (conical resection area) . Note that a region surrounded by the apex of the substantially cone and the lesion region is not included in the ablation region.
[0019]
As another method of determining the resection area, for example, the lesion area is formed into a spherical shape, and the organ position appropriately designated in consideration of the surface position of the organ that is the shortest distance from the lesion area or the ease of surgery. A substantially cone centered on a line segment connecting the surface position and the center of the lesion area, and including the lesion area and having a predetermined apex angle (for example, 60 degrees), is defined as an ablation area. The predetermined apex angle can be set as appropriate, but the apex angle is limited so that the vessel is not included in at least a substantially conical resection region.
[0020]
When the organ resection area is determined as described above, at least the resection area is displayed on the display means so as to be identifiable. As the display method, the boundary between the ablation region and the non-ablation region is displayed so that the ablation region and the non-ablation region can be distinguished from each other, or only the ablation region is displayed.
[0021]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A preferred embodiment of an organ resection area extraction / display apparatus according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0022]
As shown in FIG. 1A, a plurality of tomographic images 11 obtained by an image diagnostic apparatus capable of three-dimensional measurement such as an X-ray CT apparatus and an MRI apparatus are stacked, and a stacked tertiary as shown in FIG. The original image 12 is used, and the processing target is three-dimensional. The stacked three-dimensional image 12 includes a liver tissue, portal vein, vein, tumor, and the like, and is displayed on a monitor as a pseudo three-dimensional image that is projected and shaded on a two-dimensional projection surface (not shown). Is done.
[0023]
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the procedure of organ excision region extraction display according to the present invention.
[0024]
The region specifying process 20 of the present invention includes a region of interest extracting process 21, a distance value converting process 22, a thinning process 23 or a surface pixel detecting process 24, a parameter automatic calculation setting process 25 or a parameter manual calculation setting process 26, and an ablation area specifying process. 27 and an excision region excision process 28.
[0025]
A region-of-interest extraction process 21 is performed on the accumulated three-dimensional image data read from the image diagnostic apparatus, and a region of interest (target organ: for example, liver parenchyma, tumor, portal vein) is extracted. A distance value conversion process 22 is performed on the extracted portal vein, the diameter of the portal vein and the like are measured, and a thinning process 23 or a surface pixel detection process 24 for obtaining a core line of the portal vein is performed.
[0026]
Next, the concept of the parameter automatic calculation setting process 25 is shown in FIG.
[0027]
The center or center of gravity 32 of the extracted tumor 31 and the radius or maximum diameter 33 of the tumor 31 are obtained. A spherical region expansion (surgical margin region) 34 is performed toward the outside of the tumor 31, and the expansion is stopped when contacting a vessel such as the portal vein 35, for example. Information on the diameter of the blood vessel obtained from the distance value conversion process 22 is used to determine whether or not the blood vessel is for stopping expansion. If it comes into contact with a vessel that is thinner than a specified diameter (for example, 1 mm or less), the region expansion is continued.
[0028]
A value obtained by subtracting the diameter 33 of the tumor from the diameter 36 of the spherical area 34 expanded from the center of the tumor 31 is defined as a safe area width (surgical margin) 37 in the operation.
[0029]
Next, FIG. 4 shows a concept of an ablation area specifying process 27 for specifying an ablation area from a vessel existing in the vicinity of a tumor.
[0030]
As shown in FIG. 4 (a), the core line constituting pixels 41 and 42 in the blood vessel 35 subjected to the thinning process 23 closest to the tumor 31 are detected, and the core line constituting pixels before and after the extraction are extracted. The direction vectors 43 and 44 are calculated as shown in FIG. A conical region having an angle formed by these direction vectors 43 and 44 and in contact with the surgical margin region 34 is defined. It is assumed that a region 46 surrounded by the apex 45 of the cone and the surgical margin region 34 is not included in the ablation region.
[0031]
Accordingly, the ablation region is a region obtained by combining the surgical margin region 34 and the remaining region 47 of the cone. The actual ablation region is determined so that the surface 51 of the liver parenchyma becomes the bottom of the cone as shown in FIG.
[0032]
When the edge (that is, the separation start position) 61 of the bottom surface of the conical region existing on the liver surface is displayed on the liver surface, it is as shown in FIG. The separation start position 61 is displayed as a line (solid line, dotted line, etc.) or a colored surface. Further, by displaying the tumor together with the projected tumor image 62 projected on the liver surface 51, the same effect as the marking performed in the actual operation can be obtained.
[0033]
An example of a judgment formula for the surgical margin region 34 is shown based on FIGS. 3 and 4.
[0034]
Information on the diameter of the vessel is obtained in advance by the distance value conversion process 22. Assuming N is the minimum diameter of the vessel to be treated and not preserved. The constituent pixel of the vessel 35 is V, the core line constituent pixel of the vessel is C, and the diameter of the blood vessel at the core line portion is C (n) (n: the number given to the core wire).
[0035]
The center or the center of gravity 32 of the tumor 31 is set as T, and the liver parenchyma pixel or vascular pixel L (i) (i: generation number when searching radially from the tumor center) is sequentially searched in a spherical shape. Assuming that the three-dimensional distance at that time is TL (i), the diameter R (diameter 36 in FIG. 3) of the resection region (sphere) including the tumor 31 and the determination condition are as follows:
[Expression 1]
R = TL (i-1) (L (i) = V & C (n) ≧ N)
It becomes. Actually, there is no surgical margin area set at the very edge of the vessel as in parameter i-1, and it is manually set by an operator with anatomical knowledge, or the position and diameter of the tumor, and the tumor center or tumor. The parameter i-1 is automatically changed using a calculation formula or the like based on statistics based on the distance from the edge to the vessel. Furthermore, since the surgical margin 37 (see FIG. 3) is set to about 10 mm in general surgery, the spherical region expansion 34 may be stopped when an appropriate surgical margin 37 is obtained. .
[0037]
In the excision region excision process 28, for example, the excision region surrounded by the surgical margin region 34, the conical region 47, and the liver substantial surface 51 is extracted starting from the tumor center 32, and the pixel value of the excision region is determined as the pixel of the non-ablation region. By replacing with a value different from the value, it is possible to identify and display. Moreover, the same effect as ablation can be obtained by displaying a three-dimensional image in which the pixels in the ablation region are not displayed.
[0038]
Next, FIG. 7 shows a method for setting an ablation region when parameters are given manually.
[0039]
A cone centering on a line segment connecting the center of gravity 32 of the tumor 31 and the tumor center 71 projected onto the liver surface 51, and the apex angle θ of the apex 45 of this cone becomes a predetermined angle (for example, 60 degrees), A conical region 47 in contact with the surgical margin region 34 and having a bottom surface defined by the surface of the liver is defined as an ablation region. It is assumed that the region surrounded by the apex 45 of the cone and the surgical margin region 34 is not included in the ablation region.
[0040]
The predetermined apex angle θ can be set as appropriate, but the apex angle is limited so that the vessel 35 is not included in at least the conical resection region. Further, the position of the tumor center 71 when projected onto the liver surface 51 can be set as appropriate in consideration of the position closest to the liver surface 51 from the tumor 31, the traveling direction of the blood vessels, the position where surgery is easy, and the like. is there.
[0041]
From the ablation area determined as described above, the tumor center 71 and the tumor projection image 62 can be displayed, and the separation start distance 72 can be given. When displayed as a three-dimensional image, an image similar to FIG. 6 can be created.
[0042]
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a hardware configuration of an organ resection area extraction / display apparatus according to the present invention.
[0043]
This organ excision area extraction and display device is composed of a central processing unit (CPU) 82, a main memory 80, a magnetic disk 81, a display memory 83, a display 84, a controller 85, a mouse 86, a keyboard 87, and a common bus 88. Yes.
[0044]
Each tomographic image of the subject acquired from the X-ray CT apparatus is stored on the magnetic disk 81, and the CPU 82 performs predetermined processing according to the projection display software (FIG. 2) of the main memory 80. In this processing, input / output processing and processing operations using the mouse 86 and keyboard 87 attached to the controller 85 are performed. The stacked three-dimensional image and the processing result are displayed on the display 84 via the display memory 83, and the processing shown in FIG. 2 is performed using the operation of the operator, and an image that meets various conditions is displayed. The processing result and display contents are stored in the magnetic disk 81 and used for redisplay.
[0045]
Note that the stacked three-dimensional image is not limited to that obtained from the X-ray CT apparatus, but may be obtained by another image diagnostic apparatus such as a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus or an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus. In addition to the liver described in this embodiment, the target organ can be applied to many parts of the human body.
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to extract an ablation region of an organ so as not to cut a vessel having a predetermined diameter or more using the characteristics of an organ having a complicated blood vessel such as a liver. The ablation area can be displayed in an identifiable manner. For example, when performing liver resection simulation, etc., it is possible to handle more cases, enabling surgical planning, resection simulation, calculation of resection rate, and three-dimensional visualization in a more clinical form. . It is also possible to confirm on the two-dimensional image whether or not the three-dimensionally specified resection area is appropriate.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between tomographic images and data. FIG. 2 is a flowchart used to explain the outline of the procedure for extracting and displaying an organ excision area according to the present invention. Figure used to explain the definition of relationship, tumor, and surgical margin. [Figure 4] Figure used to explain the procedure for determining the resection area for resecting the tumor. FIG. 6 is a diagram used for explaining a display example of an ablation region by simulation. FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a region determination method when a parameter for determining the ablation region is manually given. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a hardware configuration example of an organ resection area extraction / display apparatus according to the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Tomographic image, 12 ... Stacked three-dimensional image, 31 ... Tumor, 32 ... Tumor center or center of gravity, 33 ... Tumor radius, 34 ... Surgical margin area, 35 ... Vascular (portal vein, vein, artery, etc.), 36 ... Resection radius around the tumor including the surgical margin, 37 ... Surgical margin, 41,42 ... Pixel constituting pixels of the vessel, 43,44 ... Vector indicating the direction of the branch of the vessel, 45 ... Vertex of the cone, 46 ... Non-excision area, 47 ... excision area, 51 ... liver surface, 61 ... separation start position, 62 ... tumor projection image, 71 ... tumor center (or tumor center of gravity) projected on the liver surface, 72 ... separation start distance, 80 ... Main memory, 82 ... Central processing unit (CPU), 81 ... Magnetic disk, 83 ... Display memory, 84 ... Display, 85 ... Controller, 86 ... Mouse, 87 ... Keyboard, 88 ... Common bus

Claims (4)

被検体の画像を用いて臓器中の病変部を抽出し、少なくとも前記病変部を含む病変領域を設定する設定手段と、
前記被検体の画像を用いて前記病変領域の外側の複数の脈管の走行情報を検知する手段と、
前記病変領域及び前記複数の脈管の走行情報に基づいて前記病変領域を含み、前記複数の脈管を含まない前記臓器の表面までの切除領域を決定する手段であって、前記病変領域の中心又は重心から外側に向かって前記複数の脈管のいずれかに接するまで球状に領域を拡張し、該拡張した球状の領域に接する領域を切除領域として決定する手段と、
少なくとも前記臓器の切除領域を識別可能に表示する表示手段と、
を備えたことを特徴とする臓器の切除領域抽出表示装置。
A setting means for extracting a lesion in an organ using an image of a subject and setting a lesion area including at least the lesion;
Means for detecting travel information of a plurality of vessels outside the lesion area using the image of the subject;
Means for determining an ablation region up to the surface of the organ that includes the lesion region and does not include the plurality of vessels based on the lesion region and the running information of the plurality of vessels , the center of the lesion region Or means for expanding the area in a spherical shape until coming into contact with any of the plurality of vessels from the center of gravity toward the outside, and determining the area in contact with the expanded spherical area as an ablation area ;
Display means for displaying at least the resection area of the organ in an identifiable manner;
An organ excision region extraction / display apparatus comprising:
前記脈管は、所定の径以上の脈管であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の臓器の切除領域抽出表示装置。2. The organ excision region extraction / display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the vessel is a vessel having a predetermined diameter or more. 前記切除領域を決定する手段は、前記脈管の方向ベクトルのなす角度を持ち、前記球状の領域に接する略円錐領域を定義し、該定義した略円錐領域から該略円錐領域の頂点と前記球状の領域とで囲まれた領域を除いた領域を切除領域として決定することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の臓器の切除領域抽出表示装置。The means for determining the ablation region defines an approximately conical region having an angle formed by the direction vector of the vessel and is in contact with the spherical region, and from the defined approximately conical region to the apex of the approximately conical region and the spherical shape 3. The organ excision area extraction / display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an area excluding an area surrounded by the area is determined as an excision area. 前記切除領域を決定する手段は、前記病変領域と該病変領域を臓器壁面に投影した際の中心とを結ぶ線分を中心とし、所定の角度を頂角とし、前記球状の領域に接する略円錐領域を定義し、該定義した略円錐領域から該略円錐領域の頂点と前記球状の領域とで囲まれた領域を除いた領域を切除領域として決定することを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の臓器の切除領域抽出表示装置。The means for determining the ablation region is a substantially cone that is centered on a line segment connecting the lesion region and the center when the lesion region is projected onto the organ wall surface, has a predetermined angle as an apex angle, and is in contact with the spherical region The region is defined, and a region obtained by excluding the region surrounded by the apex of the substantially conical region and the spherical region from the defined substantially conical region is determined as an ablation region. The organ excision area extraction / display apparatus according to any one of the above.
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