JP4149508B2 - Raw material oil composition for carbon material for electric storage and raw material coal - Google Patents

Raw material oil composition for carbon material for electric storage and raw material coal Download PDF

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JP4149508B2
JP4149508B2 JP2007552037A JP2007552037A JP4149508B2 JP 4149508 B2 JP4149508 B2 JP 4149508B2 JP 2007552037 A JP2007552037 A JP 2007552037A JP 2007552037 A JP2007552037 A JP 2007552037A JP 4149508 B2 JP4149508 B2 JP 4149508B2
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activated carbon
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JPWO2007074938A1 (en
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隆 大山
和久 中西
保 田野
啓二 東
逸平 藤永
博光 橋坂
究 竹下
政喜 藤井
秀樹 尾野
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Eneos Corp
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Nippon Oil Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13Energy storage using capacitors

Description

本発明は蓄電用炭素材料用原料油組成物並びに原料炭に関する。特に本発明は、電気二重層キャパシタ電極用の活性炭として残存アルカリ金属を除去し易い活性炭を与える原料油組成物並びに原料炭に関する。 The present invention is a power storage for carbon material YoHara fuel oil composition as well as to the raw material coal. In particular, the present invention relates to a raw material oil composition and raw material charcoal that provide activated carbon that can easily remove residual alkali metal as activated carbon for an electric double layer capacitor electrode.

近年、炭素材料は、電分野に幅広く利用されている。このような蓄電用炭素材料としては、例えば、比較的表面積の大きな活性炭が電気二重層キャパシタの電極に用いられ、また、比較的表面積の小さなコークスは、リチウムイオン二次電池の負極として用いられている。なかでも、バックアップ電源、補助電源などとして電気二重層キャパシタが注目を集めており、活性炭の電気二重層キャパシタ用の電極としての性能に着目した開発が広くなされている。活性炭を分極性電極として使用した電気二重層キャパシタは静電容量に優れるため、エレクトロニクス分野の発展と共に、電気デバイス電極用途などの需要も急成長している。さらに、最近では、従来のメモリーバックアップ電源等の小型化に加え、モーター等の補助電源に使われるような大容量製品の開発なども行われている。
これら活性炭の製造方法としては、炭素質材料をガス賦活処理もしくは薬剤賦活処理、例えば賦活助剤としてアルカリ金属水酸化物を用いたアルカリ賦活処理を行い、その後に、賦活処理物からアルカリ金属や重金属を除去するために、塩酸、硝酸、硫酸等の強酸で中和洗浄することが一般的に行われている。
電気二重層キャパシタの高性能化が要求されるに伴い、電気二重層キャパシタ電極用の活性炭中の残留アルカリ金属を一層低減するニーズが生じてきている。しかし、特許文献1(特開2005−123462号公報)に記載されているように、水洗や酸洗の繰り返しによりある程度の濃度まではアルカリ金属を除去できても、それ以上の除去は困難である。そのため、アルカリ賦活後の炭素材を用いた電気二重層キャパシタは、初期のキャパシタ容量は優れているものの、長時間使用したときにキャパシタ容量の低下が大きいという経時劣化の問題がある。
Recently, carbon materials have been widely used in a charge reservoir field. As such a carbon material for power storage, for example, activated carbon having a relatively large surface area is used for an electrode of an electric double layer capacitor, and coke having a relatively small surface area is used as a negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery. Yes. In particular, electric double layer capacitors are attracting attention as backup power supplies, auxiliary power supplies, etc., and development focusing on the performance of activated carbon as an electrode for electric double layer capacitors has been widely made. Electric double layer capacitors using activated carbon as a polarizable electrode are excellent in electrostatic capacity, so that demand for electric device electrode applications and the like is growing rapidly with the development of the electronics field. Recently, in addition to the miniaturization of conventional memory backup power supplies, development of large-capacity products that can be used for auxiliary power supplies such as motors has been carried out.
As a method for producing these activated carbons, a carbonaceous material is subjected to a gas activation treatment or a chemical activation treatment, for example, an alkali activation treatment using an alkali metal hydroxide as an activation aid, and then an alkali metal or heavy metal from the activation treatment product. In order to remove water, neutralization washing with a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid is generally performed.
With the demand for higher performance of electric double layer capacitors, there is a need to further reduce the residual alkali metal in activated carbon for electric double layer capacitor electrodes. However, as described in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-123462), even if the alkali metal can be removed up to a certain concentration by repeated washing with water and pickling, it is difficult to remove it further. . Therefore, although the electric double layer capacitor using the carbon material after alkali activation has an excellent initial capacitor capacity, there is a problem of deterioration over time that the capacitor capacity is greatly reduced when used for a long time.

一方、洗浄操作の観点から見ると、洗浄操作は出来るだけ簡単、すなわち、洗浄回数は出来る限り少ない方がコスト的にも望ましい。特許文献2(国際公開第2004−011371号パンフレット)においては、易黒鉛化炭素質材料をアルカリ賦活処理し、得られた賦活処理物を、熱水、炭酸水、熱塩酸、アンモニア水、熱塩酸および熱水の順で洗浄することにより活性炭を得ることが記載されているが、洗浄操作が煩雑であることから、残存アルカリ金属が除去され易い構造をもつ活性炭の開発が強く望まれていた。
特開2005−123462号公報 国際公開第2004−011371号パンフレット
On the other hand, from the viewpoint of the cleaning operation, the cleaning operation is as simple as possible, that is, it is desirable from the viewpoint of cost that the number of times of cleaning is as small as possible. In Patent Document 2 (International Publication No. 2004-011371 pamphlet), an easily activated graphitized carbonaceous material is subjected to an alkali activation treatment, and the obtained activation treatment product is used as hot water, carbonated water, hot hydrochloric acid, aqueous ammonia, hot hydrochloric acid. In addition, although it is described that activated carbon is obtained by washing in order of hot water, since the washing operation is complicated, development of activated carbon having a structure in which residual alkali metal is easily removed has been strongly desired.
JP 2005-123462 A International Publication No. 2004-011371 Pamphlet

本発明者らは、活性炭の原料となる原料油の観点から幅広く検討し、特定の原料油を組み合わせ、それらをコーキング処理したのち、得られる原料炭をアルカリ賦活して得られた活性炭は、洗浄時において、洗浄液の出入りが容易となり、その結果、活性炭中の残存アルカリ含有量を低減でき、また洗浄操作も簡略化できることを見出した。
なお、本発明において「原料炭」とは、重質油や残渣油等の原料油をコーキング処理して得られる、活性炭の原料となる炭化物をいう。
The present inventors have extensively studied from the viewpoint of raw material oil that is a raw material of activated carbon, combined with specific raw material oils, coking them, and then activated carbon obtained by alkali activation of the resulting raw carbon is washed In some cases, it was found that the cleaning liquid can easily enter and exit, and as a result, the residual alkali content in the activated carbon can be reduced and the cleaning operation can be simplified.
Note that the "coking coal" in the present invention, a feedstock such as heavy oil and residual oil obtained by coking processes, refers to a carbide as a raw material for activated carbon.

すなわち、本発明は、石油類を減圧蒸留したときに残渣油として得られる初留点300℃以上、アスファルテン分12質量%以下、飽和分50質量%以上、および硫黄分0.3質量%以下の第1の重質油10〜80質量%と、炭化水素油を流動接触分解して得られる初留点150℃以上、および硫黄分0.5質量%以下の第2の重質油90〜20質量%とを含有することを特徴とする活性炭用の原料炭用原料油組成物に関する。
また、本発明は、前記の原料油組成物を300〜800kPa、400〜600℃でコーキング処理して得られる原料炭に関する。
また、本発明は、前記の原料炭または該原料炭を常圧下、550〜900℃で熱処理して得られる原料炭熱処理物をアルカリ金属水酸化物で賦活して得られる活性炭に関する。
また、本発明は、前記の活性炭を電極材料として用いた電気二重層キャパシタに関する。
That is, the present invention has an initial boiling point of 300 ° C. or higher obtained as a residual oil when petroleum is distilled under reduced pressure, an asphaltene content of 12% by mass or less, a saturation content of 50% by mass or more, and a sulfur content of 0.3% by mass or less. First heavy oil 10-80% by mass , initial boiling point 150 ° C. or higher obtained by fluid catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon oil, and second heavy oil 90-20 % by sulfur content 0.5% by mass or less The present invention relates to a raw material composition for activated carbon for activated carbon , characterized by containing a mass% .
Moreover, this invention relates to the raw material coal obtained by carrying out the coking process of the said raw material oil composition at 300-800 kPa and 400-600 degreeC.
The present invention also relates to activated carbon obtained by activating the raw coal or the raw coal heat-treated product obtained by heat-treating the raw coal at 550 to 900 ° C. under normal pressure with an alkali metal hydroxide.
The present invention also relates to an electric double layer capacitor using the activated carbon as an electrode material.

特定の重質油を混合して得られる本発明の原料油組成物をコーキング処理して得られる原料炭をアルカリ賦活して得られる活性炭は、洗浄液が出入りし易く、その結果、同じ洗浄操作でも残存アルカリ金属量が少なくなるため、それを電極材料に用いた電気二重層キャパシタのサイクル特性が向上する。また、洗浄操作が簡略化されるため、活性炭をより安価に製造でき、その工業的価値は極めて大きい。   Activated carbon obtained by alkali activation of the raw coal obtained by coking the raw oil composition of the present invention obtained by mixing a specific heavy oil is easy for the cleaning liquid to enter and exit, and as a result, even in the same cleaning operation Since the amount of the remaining alkali metal is reduced, the cycle characteristics of the electric double layer capacitor using it as an electrode material are improved. Moreover, since the washing operation is simplified, the activated carbon can be manufactured at a lower cost, and its industrial value is extremely large.

以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
本発明の原料炭用原料油組成物は、活性炭用の原料炭を製造するために好適な原料油組成物であり、石油類の減圧蒸留により得られる特定性状を有する重質油(以下、第1の重質油という。)と炭化水素油の流動接触分解により得られる特定性状を有する重質油(以下、第2の重質油という。)の混合物からなる。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The feedstock composition for raw coal of the present invention is a feedstock composition suitable for producing raw coal for activated carbon, and is a heavy oil (hereinafter referred to as No. 1) having specific properties obtained by distillation under reduced pressure of petroleum. 1) and a heavy oil having a specific property obtained by fluid catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon oil (hereinafter referred to as a second heavy oil).

本発明に係る第1の重質油は、石油類を減圧蒸留したときに残渣油として得られる初留点300℃以上、アスファルテン分12質量%以下、飽和分50質量%以上、且つ硫黄分0.3質量%以下の重質油である。
第1の重質油の原料油である石油類としては、例えば、原油、原油の蒸留により得られる常圧蒸留残油、及びこれらの混合油等が挙げられる。
上記原料油(石油類)を減圧蒸留するときの処理条件は、得られる第1の重質油の沸点、アスファルテン分、飽和分及び硫黄分がそれぞれ上記条件を満たす限りにおいて特に制限されないが、圧力は30kPa以下が好ましく、温度は400℃以上が好ましい。
このようにして減圧蒸留したときに残渣油として得られる重質油のうち、沸点、アスファルテン分、飽和分及び硫黄分がそれぞれ上記条件を満たす重質油が本発明に係る第1の重質油として用いられる。
すなわち、第1の重質油の初留点は300℃以上であることが必要であり、好ましくは350℃以上である。初留点が300℃未満の場合、原料炭の収率低下が起こり、また、原料炭が非晶質な構造となり、該原料炭をアルカリ賦活して得られる活性炭中の残存アルカリ金属量が多くなり好ましくない。初留点の上限は450℃以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは400℃以下である。
The first heavy oil according to the present invention has an initial boiling point of 300 ° C. or higher obtained as a residual oil when petroleum is distilled under reduced pressure, an asphaltene content of 12% by mass or less, a saturation content of 50% by mass or more, and a sulfur content of 0%. .3 heavy oil or less heavy oil.
Examples of petroleums that are raw oils of the first heavy oil include crude oil, atmospheric distillation residue obtained by distillation of crude oil, and mixed oils thereof.
The treatment conditions when the above raw material oil (petroleum) is distilled under reduced pressure are not particularly limited as long as the boiling point, asphaltene content, saturated content and sulfur content of the obtained first heavy oil satisfy the above conditions respectively. Is preferably 30 kPa or less, and the temperature is preferably 400 ° C. or more.
Among the heavy oils obtained as residual oils when distilled under reduced pressure in this way, the heavy oil satisfying the above-mentioned conditions for the boiling point, asphaltene content, saturated content and sulfur content is the first heavy oil according to the present invention. Used as
In other words, the first boiling point of the first heavy oil needs to be 300 ° C. or higher, and preferably 350 ° C. or higher. When the initial boiling point is less than 300 ° C., the yield of the raw coal is reduced, and the raw coal is in an amorphous structure, and the amount of residual alkali metal in the activated carbon obtained by alkali activation of the raw coal is large. It is not preferable. The upper limit of the initial boiling point is preferably 450 ° C. or lower, more preferably 400 ° C. or lower.

また、第1の重質油のアスファルテン分は12質量%以下であることが必要であり、好ましくは10質量%以下、より好ましくは9質量%以下である。アスファルテン分が12質量%を超えると、早期コーキングが進行し、得られる原料炭は結晶性の悪いコークス構造となり、該原料炭をアルカリ賦活して得られる活性炭中の残存アルカリ金属量が多くなるため好ましくない。なお、アスファルテン分の下限は0質量%である。
また、第1の重質油の飽和分は50質量%以上であることが必要であり、好ましくは55質量%以上、より好ましくは60質量%以上である。飽和分が50質量%未満であるとメソフェーズの配向性が悪くなり、得られる原料炭は結晶性の悪いコークス構造となり好ましくない。飽和分の上限は85質量%以下あることが好ましく、より好ましくは80質量%以下である。
また、第1の重質油の硫黄分は0.3質量%以下であることが必要であり、好ましくは0.2質量%以下、より好ましくは0.1質量%以下である。硫黄分が0.3質量%を超えると早期コーキングを誘引する傾向にあり、得られる原料炭は結晶性の悪いコークス構造となり、該原料炭をアルカリ賦活して得られる活性炭中の残存アルカリ金属量が多くなり好ましくない。
The asphaltene content of the first heavy oil needs to be 12% by mass or less, preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 9% by mass or less. When the asphaltene content exceeds 12% by mass, early coking proceeds, the resulting raw coal has a coke structure with poor crystallinity, and the amount of residual alkali metal in the activated carbon obtained by activating the raw coal is increased. It is not preferable. The lower limit of the asphaltene content is 0% by mass.
Further, the saturated content of the first heavy oil needs to be 50% by mass or more, preferably 55% by mass or more, and more preferably 60% by mass or more. If the saturated content is less than 50% by mass, the orientation of the mesophase is deteriorated, and the obtained raw coal has a coke structure with poor crystallinity, which is not preferable. The upper limit of the saturated content is preferably 85% by mass or less, and more preferably 80% by mass or less.
Further, the sulfur content of the first heavy oil needs to be 0.3% by mass or less, preferably 0.2% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or less. If the sulfur content exceeds 0.3% by mass, there is a tendency to induce early coking, and the resulting raw coal has a coke structure with poor crystallinity, and the amount of residual alkali metal in the activated carbon obtained by alkali activation of the raw coal Is undesirably increased.

本発明に係る第2の重質油は、炭化水素油を流動接触分解して得られる初留点150℃以上、および硫黄分0.5質量%以下の重質油である。
ここで、「流動接触分解」とは、固体酸触媒などを用いて高沸点留分を分解する処理を意味する。かかる処理に用いられる流動接触分解装置はFCC(Fluidized
Catalytic Cracking)装置とも呼ばれる。
第2の重質油の原料油である炭化水素油としては、流動接触分解により初留点および硫黄分が上記条件を満たす重質油を得ることが可能なものであれば特に制限されないが、15℃における密度が0.8g/cm以上である炭化水素油が好ましい。
このような炭化水素油としては、直留軽油、減圧軽油、脱硫軽油、脱硫減圧軽油、常圧蒸留残油、減圧蒸留残油、シェールオイル、タールサンドビチューメン、オリノコタール、石炭液化油、これらを水素化精製したもの、及びこれらの混合物などが挙げられる。本発明においては、減圧軽油及び脱硫減圧軽油が特に好ましく用いられる。
また、流動接触分解の条件は、初留点及び硫黄分が上記条件を満たす重質油を得ることが可能であれば特に制限されないが、例えば、反応温度480〜550℃、全圧1〜3kg/cmG(98〜294kPaゲージ圧)、触媒/油比1〜20wt/wt、接触時間1〜10秒とすることが好ましい。
また、流動接触分解に用いられる触媒としては、例えば、シリカ・アルミナ触媒、ゼオライト触媒、あるいはこれらの触媒に白金などの金属を担持したものなどが挙げられる。これらの触媒は市販品を用いてもよい。
The second heavy oil according to the present invention is a heavy oil having an initial boiling point of 150 ° C. or higher obtained by fluid catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon oil and a sulfur content of 0.5% by mass or less.
Here, “fluid catalytic cracking” means a process of cracking a high-boiling fraction using a solid acid catalyst or the like. The fluid catalytic cracker used for such treatment is FCC (Fluidized
Also called Catalytic Cracking equipment.
The hydrocarbon oil that is the raw material oil of the second heavy oil is not particularly limited as long as it can obtain a heavy oil whose initial boiling point and sulfur content satisfy the above conditions by fluid catalytic cracking, A hydrocarbon oil having a density at 15 ° C. of 0.8 g / cm 3 or more is preferred.
Such hydrocarbon oils include straight-run gas oil, vacuum gas oil, desulfurized gas oil, desulfurized vacuum gas oil, atmospheric distillation residual oil, vacuum distillation residual oil, shale oil, tar sand bitumen, orinocotal, coal liquefied oil, Examples include hydrorefined products and mixtures thereof. In the present invention, vacuum gas oil and desulfurized vacuum gas oil are particularly preferably used.
The conditions for fluid catalytic cracking are not particularly limited as long as it is possible to obtain a heavy oil whose initial boiling point and sulfur content satisfy the above conditions. For example, the reaction temperature is 480 to 550 ° C., the total pressure is 1 to 3 kg. / Cm 2 G (98 to 294 kPa gauge pressure), catalyst / oil ratio of 1 to 20 wt / wt, and contact time of 1 to 10 seconds are preferable.
Examples of the catalyst used for fluid catalytic cracking include a silica / alumina catalyst, a zeolite catalyst, or a catalyst in which a metal such as platinum is supported on these catalysts. A commercial item may be used for these catalysts.

このようにして得られる第2の重質油の初留点は150℃以上であることが必要であり、好ましくは200℃以上であり、より好ましくは220℃以上である。なお、初留点が150℃未満であると原料炭の収率が低下し、また得られる原料炭は非晶質な構造となり、該原料炭をアルカリ賦活して得られる活性炭中の残存アルカリ金属量が多くなり好ましくない。初留点の上限は350℃以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは300℃以下である。
また、第2の重質油の硫黄分は0.5質量%以下であることが必要であり、好ましくは0.4質量%以下、より好ましくは0.3質量%以下である。硫黄分が0.5質量%を超えると、早期コーキングを誘引する傾向にあり、得られる原料炭は結晶性の悪いコークス構造となり、該原料炭をアルカリ賦活して得られる活性炭中の残存アルカリ金属量が多くなり好ましくなく、また該原料炭をか焼して得られるニードルコークスのパッフィングを十分に抑制することができないため好ましくない。
また、第2の重質油の窒素分は特に限定されないが、0.2質量%以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.15質量%以下、さらに好ましくは0.1質量%以下である。
The initial boiling point of the second heavy oil thus obtained is required to be 150 ° C. or higher, preferably 200 ° C. or higher, more preferably 220 ° C. or higher. If the initial boiling point is lower than 150 ° C., the yield of raw coal is reduced, and the resulting raw coal has an amorphous structure, and the remaining alkali metal in the activated carbon obtained by alkali activation of the raw coal is obtained. The amount increases, which is not preferable. The upper limit of the initial boiling point is preferably 350 ° C. or lower, more preferably 300 ° C. or lower.
Further, the sulfur content of the second heavy oil needs to be 0.5% by mass or less, preferably 0.4% by mass or less, more preferably 0.3% by mass or less. If the sulfur content exceeds 0.5 mass%, there is a tendency to induce early coking, and the resulting raw coal has a coke structure with poor crystallinity, and the remaining alkali metal in the activated carbon obtained by alkali activation of the raw coal This is not preferable because the amount increases, and puffing of needle coke obtained by calcining the raw coal cannot be sufficiently suppressed.
The nitrogen content of the second heavy oil is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.2% by mass or less, more preferably 0.15% by mass or less, and further preferably 0.1% by mass or less. .

本発明の原料油組成物は、前記した第1の重質油と第2の重質油を混合することにより得られる。
第1の重質油と第2の重質油の混合割合としては、第1の重質油の含有割合が、好ましくは10〜80質量%、より好ましくは20〜70質量%、さらに好ましくは30〜60質量%となるように配合する。
The raw material oil composition of the present invention is obtained by mixing the first heavy oil and the second heavy oil described above.
As a mixing ratio of the first heavy oil and the second heavy oil, the content ratio of the first heavy oil is preferably 10 to 80% by mass, more preferably 20 to 70% by mass, and still more preferably. It mix | blends so that it may become 30-60 mass%.

次に、本発明の原料油組成物をコーキング(炭化)処理する。
原料油組成物をコーキングする方法としては、ディレードコーキング法、ビスブレーキング法、フレキシコーキング法、ユリカプロセス、H−Oilなどが挙げられるが、これらの中でも特にディレードコーキング法が好ましい。
ディレードコーキング法においては、原料油組成物をディレードコーカーに入れ、加圧下で熱処理する。ディレードコーカーの圧力は300〜800kPaが好ましい。温度は好ましくは400〜600℃、より好ましくは450〜550℃であり、時間は好ましくは24〜72時間、より好ましくは36〜60時間である。
かかるコーキング処理により、原料炭となる炭化物(生コークス)が得られる。
Next, the raw material oil composition of the present invention is subjected to coking (carbonization) treatment.
Examples of the method for coking the raw material oil composition include a delayed coking method, a visbreaking method, a flexi coking method, a yurika process, and H-Oil. Among these, the delayed coking method is particularly preferable.
In the delayed coking method, the raw material oil composition is placed in a delayed coker and heat treated under pressure. The pressure of the delayed coker is preferably 300 to 800 kPa. The temperature is preferably 400 to 600 ° C, more preferably 450 to 550 ° C, and the time is preferably 24 to 72 hours, more preferably 36 to 60 hours.
By the coking process, carbide (raw coke) that becomes raw coal is obtained.

本発明において、第1の重質油と第2の重質油とを含有してなる本発明の原料油組成物は、500℃で熱処理したときに10μm以下のモザイク組織の割合が5%以下、好ましくは2%以下である原料炭を与えるものであることが望ましい。ここで、原料炭中に10μm以下のモザイク組織の割合が小さいことは、メソフェーズと呼ばれる液晶の成長状態が良好であることを意味する。メソフェーズは、原料油の熱処理に伴い熱分解と重縮合が起こることによって生成する中間生成物であり、同一平面に沿って芳香族環の連なりが発達したものである。
なお、原料炭中のモザイク組織の測定方法については、「炭素化工学の基礎」真田雄三、大谷杉郎(オーム社)147頁に記載のとおりである。
従来、原料油中に飽和分、特に脂肪族分が多く含まれると、コーキング時に芳香族成分の重合及び重縮合以外に架橋反応が起こるため、三次元構造の結晶が成長してメソフェーズが十分に成長せず、結晶性の劣る構造となり、その結果、ニードルコークスの熱膨張係数が大きくなると考えられており、また活性炭中の残存アルカリ金属量が多くなると考えられている。この点を鑑みれば、上記第1の重質油の飽和分が50質量%以上であっても10μm以下のモザイク組織が5%以下のコークスが得られることは驚くべき結果である。
In the present invention, the raw material oil composition of the present invention containing the first heavy oil and the second heavy oil has a mosaic structure ratio of 10 μm or less of 5% or less when heat-treated at 500 ° C. It is desirable to provide raw coal that is preferably 2% or less. Here, a small proportion of a mosaic structure of 10 μm or less in the raw coal means that the growth state of liquid crystal called mesophase is good. The mesophase is an intermediate product produced by thermal decomposition and polycondensation accompanying heat treatment of the feedstock oil, and a series of aromatic rings developed along the same plane.
The method for measuring the mosaic structure in the raw coal is as described in “Basics of Carbonization Engineering”, Yuzo Sanada and Sugirou Otani (Ohm), page 147.
Conventionally, when a raw material oil contains a large amount of a saturated component, particularly an aliphatic component, a cross-linking reaction occurs in addition to the polymerization and polycondensation of aromatic components during coking. It is considered that the structure does not grow and the crystallinity is inferior, and as a result, the coefficient of thermal expansion of needle coke is considered to increase, and the amount of residual alkali metal in the activated carbon is considered to increase. In view of this point, it is a surprising result that even when the saturated content of the first heavy oil is 50% by mass or more, a coke having a mosaic structure of 10 μm or less and 5% or less can be obtained.

コーキング処理により得られた原料炭は、次いでアルカリ賦活処理することにより活性炭とすることができる。また、アルカリ賦活処理するにあたり、前記原料炭を不活性雰囲気下、常圧下、550〜900℃、好ましくは600〜850℃で一旦熱処理したのちアルカリ賦活処理することも好ましく採用される。
本発明においては、このようにして得られた活性炭を電気二重層キャパシタ用の電極材料として用いる。
上記原料炭または原料炭熱処理物の賦活方法としては、賦活炉を用いて、窒素ガスや不活性ガス雰囲気中で金属水酸化物と共に、原料炭または原料炭熱処理物を500〜1200℃で加熱する方法を挙げることができる。金属水酸化物としては、具体的には、水酸化カリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化リチウム等のアルカリ金属水酸化物や、水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化バリウム等のアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を挙げることができる。また、これらを1種のみならず、2種以上を組み合わせて使用することもできる。これらのうち、特に水酸化カリウムが、微細孔を効率よく形成できる点で好ましい。
The raw coal obtained by the coking process can be converted into activated carbon by an alkali activation treatment. Moreover, in carrying out the alkali activation treatment, it is also preferably employed that the raw coal is heat treated at 550 to 900 ° C., preferably 600 to 850 ° C. under an inert atmosphere and normal pressure, and then subjected to the alkali activation treatment.
In the present invention, the activated carbon thus obtained is used as an electrode material for an electric double layer capacitor.
As a method for activating the raw coal or the raw material for heat treatment of raw material carbon, an activation furnace is used to heat the raw material coal or the raw material for heat treatment of raw material coal at 500 to 1200 ° C. together with a metal hydroxide in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas or inert gas. A method can be mentioned. Specific examples of the metal hydroxide include alkali metal hydroxides such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide, and alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as magnesium hydroxide and barium hydroxide. be able to. Moreover, not only 1 type but 2 or more types can also be used in combination. Of these, potassium hydroxide is particularly preferable because it can efficiently form micropores.

上記原料炭または原料炭熱処理物および金属水酸化物の使用量としては、原料炭または原料炭熱処理物/金属水酸化物の質量比で1/0.5〜1/10とすることができ、好ましくは1/1〜1/5である。
原料炭または原料炭熱処理物/金属水酸化物の質量比を1/0.5以下とすることにより、活性炭に微孔を十分に形成することができ、十分な表面積を有する活性炭を得ることができる。また、原料炭または原料炭熱処理物/金属水酸化物の質量比を1/10以上とすることにより、かさ密度が低下することなく、賦活反応を効率よく行うことができる。
また、賦活反応においては、原料炭または原料炭熱処理物および金属水酸化物の他に、水等が共存していてもよい。
The amount of the raw coal or raw material heat treated carbon and metal hydroxide can be 1 / 0.5 to 1/10 in the mass ratio of raw coal or raw material heat treated carbon / metal hydroxide, Preferably it is 1/1 to 1/5.
By setting the mass ratio of raw coal or raw material heat treated carbon / metal hydroxide to 1 / 0.5 or less, it is possible to sufficiently form micropores in the activated carbon and obtain activated carbon having a sufficient surface area. it can. Moreover, by making the mass ratio of raw coal or raw material heat treated carbon / metal hydroxide to 1/10 or more, the activation reaction can be efficiently performed without lowering the bulk density.
In addition, in the activation reaction, water or the like may coexist in addition to the raw coal or the raw material heat-treated with the raw coal and the metal hydroxide.

上記原料炭または原料炭熱処理物の賦活において、賦活の温度としては、例えば500〜1200℃の範囲を挙げることができ、好ましくは600〜1000℃、より好ましくは600〜800℃の範囲を挙げることができる。賦活温度が上記範囲であれば、十分な微細孔を有する活性炭を効率よく得ることができる。賦活処理時間としては、温度等の条件との関連において適宜選択することができ、例えば3〜6時間を挙げることができる。
賦活を行う際の不活性ガスとしては、不活性ガスや窒素ガスを挙げることができ、例えば、賦活雰囲気の酸素濃度を100容量ppm以下に保持できるような供給することが好ましい。
In the activation of the raw coal or the raw material for heat treatment of raw coal, the activation temperature may be, for example, in the range of 500 to 1200 ° C, preferably 600 to 1000 ° C, more preferably 600 to 800 ° C. Can do. When the activation temperature is in the above range, activated carbon having sufficient fine pores can be obtained efficiently. The activation treatment time can be appropriately selected in relation to conditions such as temperature, and can include 3 to 6 hours, for example.
Examples of the inert gas at the time of activation include inert gas and nitrogen gas. For example, it is preferable to supply such that the oxygen concentration in the activation atmosphere can be maintained at 100 ppm by volume or less.

賦活物の洗浄は、賦活物を洗浄液により洗浄して固液分離を行う洗浄であり、賦活物を洗浄液に浸漬し、必要に応じて攪拌、加熱などを行い洗浄液と混合した後、洗浄液を除去する方法を挙げることができる。洗浄液としては、水及び酸水溶液を用いることが好ましく、例えば、水による洗浄、酸水溶液による洗浄、更に水による洗浄など、適宜組み合わせて用いることができる。酸水溶液としては、塩酸、ヨウ化水素酸、臭化水素酸などのハロゲン化水素酸、硫酸、炭酸などの無機酸を好ましいものとして挙げることができる。酸水溶液の濃度は、例えば、0.01〜3Nを挙げることができる。これらの洗浄液による洗浄は必要に応じて、複数回反復して行うことができる。
上記洗浄液を用いた洗浄工程の最終の洗浄後、洗浄液から固液分離を行い、適宜加熱、風乾などを行い、水分を除去し乾燥した活性炭を得ることができる。
The cleaning of the activated material is a cleaning in which the activated material is washed with a cleaning liquid to perform solid-liquid separation. The activated material is immersed in the cleaning liquid and mixed with the cleaning liquid by stirring and heating as necessary, and then the cleaning liquid is removed. The method of doing can be mentioned. As the cleaning liquid, water and an aqueous acid solution are preferably used. For example, cleaning with water, cleaning with an aqueous acid solution, and further cleaning with water can be used in appropriate combination. Preferred examples of the acid aqueous solution include hydrohalic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydroiodic acid, and hydrobromic acid, and inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid and carbonic acid. Examples of the concentration of the acid aqueous solution include 0.01 to 3N. Cleaning with these cleaning liquids can be repeated a plurality of times as necessary.
After the final washing of the washing step using the washing liquid, solid-liquid separation is performed from the washing liquid, and heating, air drying, and the like are performed as appropriate to remove moisture and obtain dried activated carbon.

本発明の原料油組成物をコーキング処理して得られる原料炭をアルカリ賦活して得られる活性炭は、従来の活性炭に比較して、同じ洗浄操作で洗浄した場合、残存アルカリ金属が少なくなる特徴を有する。残存アルカリ金属が低減する理由としては、本発明に係る原料炭は賦活剤の金属水酸化物が浸入し易く、また抜けやすい結晶構造になっており、さらに、得られた活性炭は洗浄液の浸入および脱出が容易になる結晶構造になっていることによると考えられる。
また、これに加え、本発明による活性炭を電気二重層キャパシタの電極に用いた場合、充放電時の電解質イオンの出入りも容易となり、サイクル特性試験での静電容量保持率が向上する特徴を有する。
The activated carbon obtained by alkali activation of the raw coal obtained by coking the raw material oil composition of the present invention is characterized by less residual alkali metal when washed by the same washing operation compared to conventional activated carbon. Have. The reason why the residual alkali metal is reduced is that the raw coal according to the present invention has a crystal structure in which the metal hydroxide of the activator is easy to enter and escape, and the obtained activated carbon is infiltrated with the cleaning liquid and This is considered to be due to the crystal structure that facilitates escape.
In addition to this, when the activated carbon according to the present invention is used for an electrode of an electric double layer capacitor, it is easy for electrolyte ions to enter and exit during charge and discharge, and the capacitance retention rate in the cycle characteristic test is improved. .

本発明の電気二重層キャパシタは、本発明の原料油組成物から得られる原料炭または原料炭熱処理物を賦活処理して得られる活性炭を電極材料として用いたものである。
本発明の電気二重層キャパシタの電極としては、上記活性炭を含むものであれば、特に制限を受けるものではないが、結着剤、導電剤などを含有してもよく、集電体と一体化したものであってもよい。
結着剤としては、公知のものを使用することができ、具体的には、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンなどのポリオレフィン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、フルオロオレフィン/ビニルエーテル共重合体架橋ポリマーなどのフッ素化ポリマー、カルボキシメチルセルロースなどのセルロース類、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアルコールなどのビニル系ポリマー、ポリアクリル酸などを挙げることができる。結着剤の電極材料中の含有量としては、具体的には、0.1〜30質量%などとすることができる。
導電剤としては、具体的には、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、粉末グラファイトなどの粉末を挙げることができる。導電剤の電極材料中の含有量としては、1〜50質量%の範囲が好ましく、より好ましくは2〜30質量%である。
これらの材料を用いて電極を作製するには、例えば、上記結着剤を溶解する溶媒に上記活性炭、結着剤、導電剤を添加しスラリー状としてシート状の集電体に塗布する方法、溶媒を使用せずに上記活性炭、結着剤、導電剤を混練し常温または加熱下で加圧成形する方法などを挙げることができる。
集電体としては、公知の材質、形状のものを使用することができ、具体的には、アルミニウム、チタン、タンタル、ニッケルなどの金属や、ステンレスなどの合金などを挙げることができる。
The electric double layer capacitor of the present invention uses activated carbon obtained by activating the raw coal or raw material heat-treated from the raw oil composition of the present invention as an electrode material.
The electrode of the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains the above activated carbon, but may contain a binder, a conductive agent, etc., and is integrated with the current collector. It may be what you did.
As the binder, known ones can be used, and specifically, fluorinations such as polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and fluoroolefin / vinyl ether copolymer cross-linked polymers. Examples thereof include polymers, celluloses such as carboxymethyl cellulose, vinyl polymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol, and polyacrylic acid. Specifically, the content of the binder in the electrode material may be 0.1 to 30% by mass.
Specific examples of the conductive agent include powders such as carbon black, acetylene black, and powdered graphite. As content in the electrode material of a electrically conductive agent, the range of 1-50 mass% is preferable, More preferably, it is 2-30 mass%.
In order to produce an electrode using these materials, for example, a method of adding the activated carbon, the binder, and a conductive agent to a solvent that dissolves the binder and applying the slurry as a slurry to a sheet-like current collector, Examples thereof include a method in which the activated carbon, the binder, and the conductive agent are kneaded without using a solvent and pressure-molded at room temperature or under heating.
As the current collector, known materials and shapes can be used, and specific examples include metals such as aluminum, titanium, tantalum, and nickel, and alloys such as stainless steel.

本発明の電気二重層キャパシタは、上記電極を正極及び負極として1対を、セパレーターを介して対向して設け、電解液中に浸漬した単位セルとして作製することができる。セパレーターとしては、ポリプロピレン繊維製、ガラス繊維製などの不職布や、セルロース紙などを用いることができる。   The electric double layer capacitor of the present invention can be produced as a unit cell in which a pair of electrodes are provided with a positive electrode and a negative electrode facing each other through a separator and immersed in an electrolyte solution. As the separator, unemployed cloth made of polypropylene fiber or glass fiber, cellulose paper, or the like can be used.

また、電解液としては、水系電解液、非水系電解液を使用することができるが、非水系電解液を用いることが好ましい。かかる非水系電解液としては、有機溶媒に電解質を溶解したものを挙げることができ、溶媒としては、具体的には、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、ブチレンカーボネート、γ−ブチロラクトン、スルホラン、3−メチルスルホランなどスルホラン誘導体、1,2−ジメトキシエタンなどジメトキシエタン、アセトニトリル、グルタロノトリル、バレロニトリル、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラヒドロフラン、メチルフォルメート、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネートなどを挙げることができ、これらを1種または2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。また電解液の電解質としては、アルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土金属塩などの無機イオン塩、4級アンモニウム塩、環状4級アンモニウム塩、4級ホスホニウム塩類などを挙げることができ、具体的には、(CNBF、(C(CH)NBF、(CPBF、(C(CH)PBFなどを挙げることができる。電解液中の電解質濃度は、0.1〜5mol/Lとすることができ、好ましくは0.5〜5mol/Lである。 As the electrolytic solution, an aqueous electrolytic solution or a non-aqueous electrolytic solution can be used, but it is preferable to use a non-aqueous electrolytic solution. Examples of the non-aqueous electrolyte include those obtained by dissolving an electrolyte in an organic solvent. Specific examples of the solvent include propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, sulfolane, and 3-methylsulfolane. Such as sulfolane derivatives, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, etc., dimethoxyethane, acetonitrile, glutaronotolyl, valeronitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, methyl formate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, etc. Can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Examples of the electrolyte of the electrolytic solution include inorganic ion salts such as alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts, quaternary ammonium salts, cyclic quaternary ammonium salts, and quaternary phosphonium salts. C 2 H 5) 4 NBF 4 , (C 2 H 5) 3 (CH 3) NBF 4, (C 2 H 5) 4 PBF 4, (C 2 H 5) 3 (CH 3) PBF 4 and the like Can do. The electrolyte concentration in the electrolytic solution can be 0.1 to 5 mol / L, and preferably 0.5 to 5 mol / L.

本発明の電気二重層キャパシタの形状としては、例えば、セパレーターを介して厚さ50〜500μmのシート状、またはディスク状の1対の電極を金属製ケースに収納したコイン型、1対の電極をセパレーターを介して捲回した捲回型、セパレーターを介して設けた1対の電極を多層に設けた積層型などを挙げることができる。
本発明の電気二重層キャパシタにおいては、上記活性炭を電極材料に用いたため、サイクル特性を向上させ、優れた耐久性、および優れた容量保持率を示す。
As the shape of the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention, for example, a coin type and a pair of electrodes in which a pair of electrodes of a sheet shape or a disk shape having a thickness of 50 to 500 μm are housed in a metal case via a separator. Examples thereof include a wound type wound through a separator, and a laminated type in which a pair of electrodes provided via a separator are provided in multiple layers.
In the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention, since the activated carbon is used as an electrode material, cycle characteristics are improved, and excellent durability and excellent capacity retention are exhibited.

なお、本発明において「硫黄分」とは、油の場合はJIS K2541に従い測定される値を、コークスの場合はJIS M 8813に従い測定される値を、それぞれ意味する。また、「窒素分」とは、油の場合はJIS K 2609に従い測定される値を、コークスの場合はJIS M 8813に従い測定される値を、それぞれ意味する。また、「飽和分」及び「アスファルテン分」は薄層クロマトグラフを用いて測定される値を意味する。   In the present invention, “sulfur content” means a value measured in accordance with JIS K2541 in the case of oil, and a value measured in accordance with JIS M 8813 in the case of coke. The “nitrogen content” means a value measured according to JIS K 2609 in the case of oil, and a value measured according to JIS M 8813 in the case of coke. Further, “saturated content” and “asphaltene content” mean values measured using a thin layer chromatograph.

本発明の原料炭用原料油組成物は、電気二重層キャパシタ電極用の活性炭製造用として好適に用いられる。 Coking coal raw material oil composition of the present invention is used in the prime suitable as a activated carbon production for an electric double layer capacitor electrode.

以下、実施例及び比較例に基づいて本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。   EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated concretely based on an Example and a comparative example, this invention is not limited to a following example.

<実施例1>
(1)原料油組成物の調製
先ず、常圧蒸留残油(密度0.92g/cm、硫黄分0.35質量%)を、加熱炉出口温度350℃、圧力1.3kPaの条件下で減圧蒸留し、初留点410℃、アスファルテン分9質量%、飽和分61質量%、硫黄分0.1質量%、窒素分0.3質量%の減圧蒸留残渣油(以下、「減圧蒸留残渣油A」という。)を得た。
この減圧蒸留残渣油Aを試験管に入れ、常圧、500℃で3時間熱処理を行いコークス化した。生成したコークスを市販の樹脂に埋め込み偏光顕微鏡で観察したところ、10μm以下のモザイク組織は15質量%であった。
また、脱硫減圧軽油(硫黄分500質量ppm、15℃における密度0.88g/cm)を流動接触分解し、流動接触分解残油(以下、「流動接触分解残油A」という。)を得た。得られた流動接触分解残油Aの初留点は210℃であり、硫黄分は0.1質量%、窒素分は0.1質量%、アスファルテン分は0質量%、飽和分は34質量%であった。
この流動接触分解残油Aを試験管に入れ、常圧、500℃で3時間熱処理を行いコークス化した。生成したコークスを市販の樹脂に埋め込み偏光顕微鏡で観察したところ、10μm以下のモザイク組織の存在は認められなかった。
<Example 1>
(1) Preparation of raw material oil composition First, an atmospheric distillation residual oil (density 0.92 g / cm 3 , sulfur content 0.35 mass%) was subjected to a heating furnace outlet temperature of 350 ° C. and a pressure of 1.3 kPa. Distilled under reduced pressure, with an initial boiling point of 410 ° C., an asphaltene content of 9% by mass, a saturation content of 61% by mass, a sulfur content of 0.1% by mass, and a nitrogen content of 0.3% by mass (hereinafter referred to as “vacuum distillation residue oil” A ”).
This vacuum distillation residue oil A was put into a test tube and heat-treated at normal pressure and 500 ° C. for 3 hours to be coke. When the produced coke was embedded in a commercially available resin and observed with a polarizing microscope, the mosaic structure of 10 μm or less was 15% by mass.
Further, desulfurized vacuum gas oil (sulfur content 500 mass ppm, density 0.88 g / cm 3 at 15 ° C.) is fluid catalytically cracked to obtain fluid catalytic cracking residual oil (hereinafter referred to as “fluid catalytic cracking residual oil A”). It was. The initial boiling point of the obtained fluid catalytic cracking residual oil A is 210 ° C., the sulfur content is 0.1% by mass, the nitrogen content is 0.1% by mass, the asphaltene content is 0% by mass, and the saturated content is 34% by mass. Met.
This fluid catalytic cracking residual oil A was put in a test tube and heat-treated at normal pressure and 500 ° C. for 3 hours to be coke. When the produced coke was embedded in a commercially available resin and observed with a polarizing microscope, the presence of a mosaic structure of 10 μm or less was not recognized.

(2)原料炭の調製
次に、減圧蒸留残渣油Aと流動接触分解残油Aとを質量比3:7で混合し、原料油組成物Aを得た。この原料油組成物Aを、400kPa、500℃で40時間熱処理を行いコークス化し、コークス(原料炭A)を得た。生成した原料炭Aを市販の樹脂に埋め込み偏光顕微鏡で観察したところ、10μm以下のモザイク組織は3.5質量%であった。
(2) Preparation of raw coal Next, vacuum distillation residual oil A and fluid catalytic cracking residual oil A were mixed at a mass ratio of 3: 7 to obtain raw oil composition A. This raw material oil composition A was heat-treated at 400 kPa and 500 ° C. for 40 hours to be coke to obtain coke (raw coal A). When the produced raw coal A was embedded in a commercially available resin and observed with a polarizing microscope, the mosaic structure of 10 μm or less was 3.5% by mass.

(3)原料炭の賦活
原料炭Aを1質量部と、水酸化カリウム(KOH)2.5質量部とを混合し、ニッケル製反応容器に入れ、窒素下750℃で1時間加熱し、賦活処理を行った。
賦活処理後、反応容器内部の反応混合物を300℃まで冷却し、窒素に替えて二酸化炭素を流し、金属カリウムを失活させた。この後、反応物2kgに20kgの水を加え、室温で1時間攪拌の後、加圧ろ過した。この操作を2回行った。続いて、0.3N塩酸を20kg加え、3時間攪拌し、加圧ろ過した。さらに20kgの水を加え、1時間攪拌の後、加圧ろ過した。この操作も2回行った。得られた固形物を130℃で乾燥して電気二重層キャパシタ用活性炭を得た。活性炭の比表面積、残存カリウム量および真比重を表1に示す。
(3) Activation of coking coal 1 part by mass of coking coal A and 2.5 parts by mass of potassium hydroxide (KOH) are mixed, put in a nickel reaction vessel, heated at 750 ° C. for 1 hour under nitrogen, and activated. Processed.
After the activation treatment, the reaction mixture inside the reaction vessel was cooled to 300 ° C., and carbon dioxide was passed instead of nitrogen to deactivate the metal potassium. Thereafter, 20 kg of water was added to 2 kg of the reaction product, stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, and filtered under pressure. This operation was performed twice. Subsequently, 20 kg of 0.3N hydrochloric acid was added, stirred for 3 hours, and filtered under pressure. An additional 20 kg of water was added, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour and filtered under pressure. This operation was also performed twice. The obtained solid was dried at 130 ° C. to obtain activated carbon for an electric double layer capacitor. Table 1 shows the specific surface area, residual potassium amount and true specific gravity of the activated carbon.

(4)電気二重層キャパシタの作製
上記で得られた活性炭(0.8g)、ケッチェンブラック(0.1g)、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(0.1g)を乳鉢にて混合した。この混合物を0.1mm厚のトリアセテートフィルム2枚の間に挟み、幅160mm、上下ロール間隔0.7mm、加圧力23.0MPaとしたニップロールの間に20回通して圧延した。圧延したシートから直径16mmの円形を2枚打ち抜き、炭素電極とした。炭素電極は真空乾燥機にて、2時間乾燥した。
電解液(プロピレンカーボネート1リットル中に(C)(CH)NBFを1モル溶解させたもの)を含浸させた2枚の電極間に厚さ50μmのセルロース製セパレータを挟み、直径20mmのSUS316製コインセルの中に封入した。この際、厚さ20μmアルミ箔表面に集電体用カーボン塗料を塗布したものを集電体として、炭素電極とセルとの間に、塗料側を炭素電極に面するように挟んだ。
このようにして作製した電気二重層キャパシタセルの静電容量、およびサイクル特性(1000回充放電を繰り返した後の静電容量の保持率)を表1に示す。
(4) Production of electric double layer capacitor Activated carbon (0.8 g) obtained above, Ketjen black (0.1 g), and polytetrafluoroethylene (0.1 g) were mixed in a mortar. This mixture was sandwiched between two 0.1 mm thick triacetate films and rolled by passing 20 times between nip rolls having a width of 160 mm, an upper and lower roll interval of 0.7 mm, and a pressure of 23.0 MPa. Two circles having a diameter of 16 mm were punched out from the rolled sheet to obtain carbon electrodes. The carbon electrode was dried in a vacuum dryer for 2 hours.
A cellulose separator having a thickness of 50 μm is sandwiched between two electrodes impregnated with an electrolytic solution (one mole of (C 2 H 5 ) 3 (CH 3 ) NBF 4 dissolved in 1 liter of propylene carbonate) It enclosed in the coin cell made from SUS316 of diameter 20mm. In this case, a current collector carbon coating applied to the surface of a 20 μm thick aluminum foil was used as a current collector, and the paint side was sandwiched between the carbon electrode and the cell so as to face the carbon electrode.
Table 1 shows the capacitance and cycle characteristics (capacitance retention rate after 1000 charge / discharge cycles) of the electric double layer capacitor cell thus fabricated.

<実施例2>
上記減圧蒸留残渣油Aと流動接触分解残油Aとを質量比6:4で混合し、原料油組成物Bを得た。この原料油組成物Bを、400kPa、500℃で40時間熱処理を行いコークス化し原料炭Bを得た。原料炭Bを1質量部と、水酸化カリウム(KOH)2.5質量部とを混合し、ニッケル製反応容器に入れ、窒素下750℃で1時間加熱し、賦活処理を行った以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、電気二重層キャパシタ用活性炭を得た。活性炭の比表面積、残存カリウム量および真比重を表1に示す。また、上記活性炭を用いて、実施例1と同様の操作で電気二重層キャパシタを作製した。電気二重層キャパシタセルの静電容量、およびサイクル特性(1000回充放電を繰り返した後の静電容量の保持率)を表1に示す。
<Example 2>
The vacuum distillation residue oil A and the fluid catalytic cracking residue oil A were mixed at a mass ratio of 6: 4 to obtain a raw material oil composition B. This raw material oil composition B was heat-treated at 400 kPa and 500 ° C. for 40 hours to be coke to obtain raw coal B. Except that 1 part by mass of raw coal B and 2.5 parts by mass of potassium hydroxide (KOH) were mixed, put into a nickel reaction vessel, heated at 750 ° C. for 1 hour under nitrogen, and subjected to activation treatment. The same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain activated carbon for an electric double layer capacitor. Table 1 shows the specific surface area, residual potassium amount and true specific gravity of the activated carbon. Moreover, the electric double layer capacitor was produced by the same operation as Example 1 using the said activated carbon. Table 1 shows the capacitance of the electric double layer capacitor cell and the cycle characteristics (capacitance retention rate after repeated charging and discharging 1000 times).

<比較例1>
実施例1で得られた流動接触分解残油Aのみを、400kPa、500℃で40時間熱処理を行いコークス化し、しかる後、実施例1と同様の操作で、アルカリ賦活処理を行い、得られた活性炭を用いて電気二重層キャパシタを作製した。活性炭の比表面積、残存カリウム量、真比重、および、電気二重層キャパシタセルの静電容量、サイクル特性(1000回充放電を繰り返した後の静電容量の保持率)を表1に示す。
<Comparative Example 1>
Only fluid catalytic cracking residual oil A obtained in Example 1 was heat-treated at 400 kPa and 500 ° C. for 40 hours to be coke, and then subjected to alkali activation treatment in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain An electric double layer capacitor was fabricated using activated carbon. Table 1 shows the specific surface area of activated carbon, the amount of residual potassium, the true specific gravity, the capacitance of the electric double layer capacitor cell, and the cycle characteristics (capacitance retention rate after 1000 charge / discharge cycles).

<比較例2>
実施例1で得られた減圧蒸留残渣油Aのみを、400kPa、500℃で40時間熱処理を行いコークス化し、しかる後、実施例1と同様の操作で、アルカリ賦活処理を行い、得られた活性炭を用いて電気二重層キャパシタを作製した。活性炭の比表面積、残存カリウム量、真比重、および、電気二重層キャパシタセルの静電容量、サイクル特性(1000回充放電を繰り返した後の静電容量の保持率)を表1に示す。
<Comparative example 2>
Only the vacuum distillation residue oil A obtained in Example 1 was subjected to heat treatment at 400 kPa and 500 ° C. for 40 hours to be coke, and then subjected to alkali activation treatment in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain activated carbon An electric double layer capacitor was fabricated using Table 1 shows the specific surface area of activated carbon, the amount of residual potassium, the true specific gravity, the capacitance of the electric double layer capacitor cell, and the cycle characteristics (capacitance retention rate after 1000 charge / discharge cycles).

表1より明らかなように、減圧蒸留残渣油と流動接触分解残油を混合して得られる本発明の原料油組成物を用いることにより、得られる活性炭中に残存するカリウム量を大幅に低減させることができ、その結果、それを用いた電気二重層キャパシタの静電容量保持率を向上させることができた。   As apparent from Table 1, by using the raw material oil composition of the present invention obtained by mixing the vacuum distillation residue oil and the fluid catalytic cracking residue oil, the amount of potassium remaining in the obtained activated carbon is greatly reduced. As a result, the electrostatic capacity retention rate of the electric double layer capacitor using the same can be improved.

Figure 0004149508
Figure 0004149508

Claims (7)

石油類を減圧蒸留したときに残渣油として得られる初留点300℃以上、アスファルテン分12質量%以下、飽和分50質量%以上、および硫黄分0.3質量%以下の第1の重質油10〜80質量%と、炭化水素油を流動接触分解して得られる初留点150℃以上、および硫黄分0.5質量%以下の第2の重質油90〜20質量%とを含有することを特徴とする活性炭用の原料炭用原料油組成物。A first heavy oil having an initial boiling point of 300 ° C. or higher, an asphaltene content of 12% by mass or less, a saturation content of 50% by mass or more, and a sulfur content of 0.3% by mass or less obtained as a residual oil when petroleum is distilled under reduced pressure. 10 to 80% by mass , initial boiling point 150 ° C. or higher obtained by fluid catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon oil, and 90 to 20% by mass of second heavy oil having a sulfur content of 0.5% by mass or less A raw material oil composition for activated carbon for activated carbon. 前記石油類が、原油、原油の蒸留により得られる常圧蒸留残油、またはこれらの混合油であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の原料油組成物。  The feed oil composition according to claim 1, wherein the petroleum is crude oil, atmospheric distillation residue obtained by distillation of crude oil, or a mixed oil thereof. 前記炭化水素油が、常圧蒸留残油、減圧蒸留残油、シェールオイル、タールサンドビチューメン、オリノコタール、石炭液化油、これらを水素化精製した重質油、直留軽油、減圧軽油、脱硫軽油、または脱硫減圧軽油であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の原料油組成物。  The hydrocarbon oil is atmospheric distillation residue, vacuum distillation residue, shale oil, tar sand bitumen, orinocotal, coal liquefied oil, heavy oil obtained by hydrorefining these, straight-run gas oil, vacuum gas oil, desulfurized gas oil The feed oil composition according to claim 1, which is a desulfurized vacuum gas oil. 500℃で熱処理したときに10μm以下のモザイク組織の割合が5%以下である原料炭を与えるものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の原料油組成物。  The raw material oil composition according to claim 1, wherein the raw material oil composition gives a raw coal having a mosaic structure of 10 µm or less of 5% or less when heat-treated at 500 ° C. 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の原料油組成物を300〜800kPa、400〜600℃でコーキング処理して得られる原料炭。  Coking coal obtained by coking the raw material oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 at 300 to 800 kPa and 400 to 600 ° C. 請求項5に記載の原料炭または該原料炭を常圧下、550〜900℃で熱処理して得られる原料炭熱処理物をアルカリ金属水酸化物で賦活して得られる活性炭。  6. Activated carbon obtained by activating the raw material charcoal according to claim 5 or a raw material heat-treated material obtained by heat-treating the raw material coal at 550 to 900 ° C. under normal pressure with an alkali metal hydroxide. 請求項6に記載の活性炭を電極材料に用いた電気二重層キャパシタ。  An electric double layer capacitor using the activated carbon according to claim 6 as an electrode material.
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